NDIA Fuze Conference
July 7-9, 2015
Baltimore, MD
Presented by:
Mark Etheridge
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research,
Development, and Engineering Center
A Low Voltage
Command-Arm System
for Distributed Fuzing
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Acknowledgements
• This project is sponsored by the Joint Fuze
Technology Panel (JFTP)
– FATG II (Tailorable Effects)
• Paul Anderson, Naval Air Warfare Center
• Adedayo Oyelowo, Naval Surface Warfare Center
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• How complex is complex enough??
• The 6.2 JFTP sponsored project was successful in
defining some minimal hardware & messaging guidelines.
– FESWG ‘approval’ in February, 2014.
– JOTP document has been started.
• A 6.3 program was accepted by the JFTP to pursue form,
fit, and function designs targeting the following programs: – Low-Cost Tactical Extended Range Missile (LC-TERM; Army).
– Joint Multi-Effects Warhead System (JMEWS) program (Navy-China
Lake).
– High Reliability DPICM Replacement (Navy-Indian Head)
Project Overview
LC-TERM
JMEWS
HRDR
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• All designs will be based on the 6.2 Navy Architecture. – Most compliant with the safety standards and feedback regarding low
voltage signals.
– JFTP recommendation to pursue a single design.
– Goal is Initial Safety Certification or supportability statement from the
Service Safety Review Authorities
Project Overview
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw
Static Sw
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• Some unique aspects of the targeted applications… – LC-TERM: will include warhead fuzing and rocket motor ignition.
– HRDR: minimum 56 sub-munitions to arm; available sub-munition
volume is very limited.
– JMEWS: arming environment signals…airspeed thru pitot tube and
turbogenerator sense signal
• Block diagrams for all applications have been developed.
In beginning stages of detailed designs.
Project Overview
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
How complex is
complex enough??
Proposed FESWG guidelines
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
DISCLAIMER!!
The following slides are proposed guidelines.
They have not been reviewed in detail by any
fuze-related Safety Community organization
(such as the FESWG)
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Arming Control Unit (i.e. the Master S&A)
• The ACU shall directly sense, process, and validate the
physical arming environments and transmit the
subsequent arming signals to the remote firing modules
(RFMs).
Proposed Guidelines
Arm Power
Serial Data
Ground
Weapon Fire
Impact
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Control Power
Environment 1
Impact Switch
Environment 2
Arm Power
Accelerometer
Simulator
ESAF
ESAF FPGA
Built In Test (BIT)
Arm Power Input
Input Verification Logic
Sequence Verification Logic
First Motion Detection
Safe Separation Distance
Calculation
Serial Comm To Remote
Fireset
Static Switch 1
Static Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
AP
Detect
Serial Driver
Opto Opto
POR Reset
Clk
Serial ClockSerial Driver
+5vdc
Arm
Arm
Power
Serial Data
Ground
TO REMOTE
FIRESET
Comparator
Windowing &
Sampling
Comparator
Windowing &
Sampling
FPGA
Sequence &
Reference Voltages
UQS
Out
Firing Sequence
Generation
Analog
Profile
Analog
Profile
Validated
Intent 1
Validated
Intent 2
Validated
Target
Intent
UQS Generation
CLKClock
DelayClock
UQS
Line
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• The ACU shall maintain an active link with all RFMs that
are in use after the fuze system is properly armed.
Proposed Guidelines
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw
Static Sw
Status
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• The ACU shall source all power for the RFMs including
Arm Power. All power slated for the RFM should be
partitioned from other power such as ‘electronics’ power
Proposed Guidelines
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw
Static Sw
` High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon
Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm
Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
Logic Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
+3.3vdc
+1.5vdc
Static Sw
Option 1
Option 2
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• The ACU shall source all power for the RFMs including
Arm Power. All power slated for the RFM should be
partitioned from other power such as ‘electronics’ power
Proposed Guidelines
Option 1
Option 2
ACU
RFM-1
RFM-2
ACU RFM-1 RFM-2
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• The ACU may contain one or more ‘static’ safety
feature(s) for the control of Arm Power to the RFM
Proposed Guidelines
Filter &
Regulators
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Weapon
Fire
Impact
Arm
Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static Switch 1
Filter &
Regulators
ACU Logic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
Impact
+3.3vdc
+1.5vdc
Filter &
Regulators
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Weapon
Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm
Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
SS 1
Filter &
Regulators
ACU Logic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
Impact
+3.3vdc
+1.5vdc
SS 2
Option 1
(Viable)
Option 2
(Maybe)
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• There shall be no inadvertent release of any arming
signals by the ACU during and after exposure to power
transfers, transitions, and/or transients.
• There shall be no inadvertent release of any arming
signals by the ACU during and after exposure to all
credible electromagnetic environments that the
applicable weapon system will be exposed to.
Proposed Guidelines
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Remote Firing Module
• The RFM may be powered utilizing ‘Arm Power’ when
practicable.
Proposed Guidelines
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw
Static Sw
Control Power
` High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon
Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm
Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
Logic Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
+3.3vdc
+1.5vdc
Static Sw
Control Power
` High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon
Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm
Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
Logic Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
+3.3vdc
+1.5vdc
Static Sw
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• The RFM shall contain at least one ‘static’ safety feature
for interrupting energy to the high voltage transformer.
Proposed Guidelines
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Weapon Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw
Static Sw
Control Power
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic Power
Serial Data
Ground
ClkWeapon
Fire
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Arm
Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Static Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
ACU Logic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
RFU
FPGA
POR 2
Sequencer
Trigger
Impact
+3.3vdc
+1.5vdc
Static
Sw
POR 1
Dynamic
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
Fire
Control
Remote Fireset
Dynamic
Switch
Static
Switch 3
Fireset FPGA
BIT
Input Verification Logic
Sequence Verification Logic
Dynamic Clock Driver Logic
Arm Delay Timer Logic
Fire Signal Processing
HV LevelFeedback
Arm Power
SS3
Dyn
Arm
Fire
RFS Logic Power
Serial Data
Serial Driver
Ground
Drvr
POR ResetClk
Serial Driver
Control Power
Environment 1
Impact Switch
Environment 2
Arm Power
Accelerometer
Simulator
ESAF
ESAF FPGA
Built In Test (BIT)
Arm Power Input
Input Verification Logic
Sequence Verification Logic
First Motion Detection
Safe Separation Distance
Calculation
Serial Comm To Remote
Fireset
Static Switch 1
Static Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
AP
Detect
Serial Driver
Opto Opto
POR Reset
Clk
Serial ClockSerial Driver
+5vdc
Arm
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
Fire
Control
Remote Fireset
Dynamic
Switch
Fireset FPGA
BIT
Input Verification Logic
Sequence Verification Logic
Dynamic Clock Driver Logic
Arm Delay Timer Logic
Fire Signal Processing
HV LevelFeedback
Arm Power
Dyn
Arm
Fire
RFS Logic Power
Serial Data
Serial Driver
Ground
Drvr
POR ResetClk
Serial Driver
Control Power
Environment 1
Impact Switch
Environment 2
Arm Power
Accelerometer
Simulator
ESAF
ESAF FPGA
Built In Test (BIT)
Arm Power Input
Input Verification Logic
Sequence Verification Logic
First Motion Detection
Safe Separation Distance
Calculation
Serial Comm To Remote
Fireset
Static Switch 1
Static Switch 2
Filter &
Regulators
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
AP
Detect
Serial Driver
Opto Opto
POR Reset
Clk
Serial ClockSerial Driver
+5vdc
Arm
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• Power for the RFM should be applied as late in the launch
sequence or operational deployment as practical. – Why?? Additional measure to mitigate the possibility of inadvertent
release of low voltage arming signals
• Dynamic signal generation for driving the high voltage
transformer shall be performed at the RFM.
• Sequence monitoring shall be performed at the RFM at a
minimum.
Proposed Guidelines
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic
Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw 1
Static Sw 2
UQS #1 / FiringDiscrimination
SequenceMonitor
FPGA
FPGA
UQS #2 / FiringDiscrimination
ARM1
ARM2
DynArm
Failsafe
DynamicArm
Firefire_valid1
fire_valid2
UQS_FS2
UQS_FS1
UQS Discrimination
UQS
Clock
Device PWR
seq_FS
Preference
towards
discrete
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• There shall be no inadvertent activation of any safety
features located on the RFM during and after exposure to
power transfers, transitions, and/or transients.
• There shall be no inadvertent activation of any safety
features located on the RFM during and after exposure to
all credible electromagnetic environments that the
applicable weapon system will be exposed to.
Proposed Guidelines
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Arming Signals/Commands
• There shall be a minimum of two arming signals
transmitted to the RFM for proper arming of the fuze
system.
• Each command message shall be unambiguous, to the
extent possible, from any and all other command
messages. – Ex: Navy Design utilizes frequency (actually frequency shift) and serial
message (minimum 17 bits flipped between ‘Arm!’ and ‘Safe’ cmds)
• If practical, no more than one of the arming signals may
be utilized for additional functions within the fuzing
system. – Ex: Navy Design…utilizing the upper frequency of the frequency shift for
the Dynamic signal
Proposed Guidelines
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UNCLASSIFIED
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• The generation and transmission of the arming signals
shall be implemented with independent logic devices that
are physically and functionally partitioned from each
other. Where practical, at least one arming signal shall be
generated utilizing discrete components.
• The generation of the arming signals shall be implemented
with dissimilar logic devices. The degree of dissimilarity
shall be sufficient to ensure that any credible common
cause susceptibility will not result in an inadvertent
arming signal transmission in other logic devices.
• The requirements outlined above shall also apply to the
processing of the received arming signal at the RFM and
subsequent activation of any safety features contained
within.
Proposed Guidelines
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UNCLASSIFIED
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Proposed Guidelines
Arm Power
Serial Data
Ground
Weapon Fire
Impact
Arm Power
Arming Control Unit
Serial
FPGA
Filter &
RegulatorsLogic
Power
POR 1
Clk
Accel
POR 2
Detect
Detect
Latch
Time
Windows
Latch
Freq
Osc.
Frequency
Impact
Umbillical
Disconnect
Comparator
Windowing &
Sampling
Comparator
Windowing &
Sampling
FPGA
Sequence &
Reference Voltages
UQS
Out
Firing Sequence
Generation
Analog
Profile
Analog
Profile
Validated
Intent 1
Validated
Intent 2
Validated
Target
Intent
UQS Generation
CLKClock
DelayClock
UQS
Line
Discrete
Complex
Dissimilar &
Partitioned
High
Voltage
Flyback
High
Voltage
Capacitor
Filter &
Regulators
HV
Feedback
SmartDet
Dynamic
Switch
RFU
FPGA
Arm Power
SmartDet
Logic
Power
Serial Data
Ground
Clk
POR 1
Clk
Static
Switch 1
Static
Switch 2
Frequency
POR 2
RFU
uC
PORSequencer
Trigger
Impact
Dynamic
Static Sw 1
Static Sw 2
UQS #1 / FiringDiscrimination
SequenceMonitor
FPGA
FPGA
UQS #2 / FiringDiscrimination
ARM1
ARM2
DynArm
Failsafe
DynamicArm
Firefire_valid1
fire_valid2
UQS_FS2
UQS_FS1
UQS Discrimination
UQS
Clock
Device PWR
seq_FS
Dissimilar &
Partitioned
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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Serial Commands
• The length of a command message shall be 20 bits at the
minimum. This does not include any start, stop, or
message reliability bits..
• The preferred method for utilizing serial communications
is to generate the command word based on events that
occur throughout an arming environment. Transmission
of the command word will only occur upon verification
that the specific arming environment has been achieved.. – Question becomes what is the maximum number of bits per event in
order to build the message.
Proposed Guidelines
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UNCLASSIFIED
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
• Where generation of the serial command is not
practicable, pre-defined serial commands may be utilized.
The commands must be further distinguished by a
minimum of two additional features in order to mitigate the
possibility of inadvertent release. – Features could include multiple (more than two) messages, sequencing,
sending each message at a different frequency
• Susceptibility to improper serial data shall be
characterized through sending a minimum of 100,000
randomly generated serial messages to the RFM and
monitoring the status of all safety features. If the arming
commands contain start, stop, and/or message reliability
bits, those bits should be held in a static position within
the randomly generated message.
Proposed Guidelines
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UNCLASSIFIED
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
QUESTIONS?
Mark Etheridge
AMRDEC Fuze Office