a low voltage command-arm system for distributed … · a low voltage command-arm system ......

NDIA Fuze Conference

July 7-9, 2015

Baltimore, MD

Presented by:

Mark Etheridge

U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research,

Development, and Engineering Center

A Low Voltage

Command-Arm System

for Distributed Fuzing

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Acknowledgements

• This project is sponsored by the Joint Fuze

Technology Panel (JFTP)

– FATG II (Tailorable Effects)

• Paul Anderson, Naval Air Warfare Center

• Adedayo Oyelowo, Naval Surface Warfare Center

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• How complex is complex enough??

• The 6.2 JFTP sponsored project was successful in

defining some minimal hardware & messaging guidelines.

– FESWG ‘approval’ in February, 2014.

– JOTP document has been started.

• A 6.3 program was accepted by the JFTP to pursue form,

fit, and function designs targeting the following programs: – Low-Cost Tactical Extended Range Missile (LC-TERM; Army).

– Joint Multi-Effects Warhead System (JMEWS) program (Navy-China

Lake).

– High Reliability DPICM Replacement (Navy-Indian Head)

Project Overview

LC-TERM

JMEWS

HRDR

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• All designs will be based on the 6.2 Navy Architecture. – Most compliant with the safety standards and feedback regarding low

voltage signals.

– JFTP recommendation to pursue a single design.

– Goal is Initial Safety Certification or supportability statement from the

Service Safety Review Authorities

Project Overview

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw

Static Sw

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• Some unique aspects of the targeted applications… – LC-TERM: will include warhead fuzing and rocket motor ignition.

– HRDR: minimum 56 sub-munitions to arm; available sub-munition

volume is very limited.

– JMEWS: arming environment signals…airspeed thru pitot tube and

turbogenerator sense signal

• Block diagrams for all applications have been developed.

In beginning stages of detailed designs.

Project Overview

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How complex is

complex enough??

Proposed FESWG guidelines

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DISCLAIMER!!

The following slides are proposed guidelines.

They have not been reviewed in detail by any

fuze-related Safety Community organization

(such as the FESWG)

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Arming Control Unit (i.e. the Master S&A)

• The ACU shall directly sense, process, and validate the

physical arming environments and transmit the

subsequent arming signals to the remote firing modules

(RFMs).

Proposed Guidelines

Arm Power

Serial Data

Ground

Weapon Fire

Impact

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Control Power

Environment 1

Impact Switch

Environment 2

Arm Power

Accelerometer

Simulator

ESAF

ESAF FPGA

Built In Test (BIT)

Arm Power Input

Input Verification Logic

Sequence Verification Logic

First Motion Detection

Safe Separation Distance

Calculation

Serial Comm To Remote

Fireset

Static Switch 1

Static Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

AP

Detect

Serial Driver

Opto Opto

POR Reset

Clk

Serial ClockSerial Driver

+5vdc

Arm

Arm

Power

Serial Data

Ground

TO REMOTE

FIRESET

Comparator

Windowing &

Sampling

Comparator

Windowing &

Sampling

FPGA

Sequence &

Reference Voltages

UQS

Out

Firing Sequence

Generation

Analog

Profile

Analog

Profile

Validated

Intent 1

Validated

Intent 2

Validated

Target

Intent

UQS Generation

CLKClock

DelayClock

UQS

Line

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• The ACU shall maintain an active link with all RFMs that

are in use after the fuze system is properly armed.

Proposed Guidelines

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw

Static Sw

Status

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• The ACU shall source all power for the RFMs including

Arm Power. All power slated for the RFM should be

partitioned from other power such as ‘electronics’ power

Proposed Guidelines

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw

Static Sw

` High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon

Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm

Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

Logic Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

+3.3vdc

+1.5vdc

Static Sw

Option 1

Option 2

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• The ACU shall source all power for the RFMs including

Arm Power. All power slated for the RFM should be

partitioned from other power such as ‘electronics’ power

Proposed Guidelines

Option 1

Option 2

ACU

RFM-1

RFM-2

ACU RFM-1 RFM-2

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• The ACU may contain one or more ‘static’ safety

feature(s) for the control of Arm Power to the RFM

Proposed Guidelines

Filter &

Regulators

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Weapon

Fire

Impact

Arm

Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static Switch 1

Filter &

Regulators

ACU Logic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

Impact

+3.3vdc

+1.5vdc

Filter &

Regulators

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Weapon

Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm

Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

SS 1

Filter &

Regulators

ACU Logic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

Impact

+3.3vdc

+1.5vdc

SS 2

Option 1

(Viable)

Option 2

(Maybe)

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• There shall be no inadvertent release of any arming

signals by the ACU during and after exposure to power

transfers, transitions, and/or transients.

• There shall be no inadvertent release of any arming

signals by the ACU during and after exposure to all

credible electromagnetic environments that the

applicable weapon system will be exposed to.

Proposed Guidelines

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Remote Firing Module

• The RFM may be powered utilizing ‘Arm Power’ when

practicable.

Proposed Guidelines

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw

Static Sw

Control Power

` High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon

Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm

Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

Logic Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

+3.3vdc

+1.5vdc

Static Sw

Control Power

` High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon

Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm

Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

Logic Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

+3.3vdc

+1.5vdc

Static Sw

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• The RFM shall contain at least one ‘static’ safety feature

for interrupting energy to the high voltage transformer.

Proposed Guidelines

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Weapon Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw

Static Sw

Control Power

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic Power

Serial Data

Ground

ClkWeapon

Fire

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Arm

Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Static Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

ACU Logic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

RFU

FPGA

POR 2

Sequencer

Trigger

Impact

+3.3vdc

+1.5vdc

Static

Sw

POR 1

Dynamic

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

Fire

Control

Remote Fireset

Dynamic

Switch

Static

Switch 3

Fireset FPGA

BIT



Dynamic Clock Driver Logic

Arm Delay Timer Logic

Fire Signal Processing

HV LevelFeedback

Arm Power

SS3

Dyn

Arm

Fire

RFS Logic Power

Serial Data

Serial Driver

Ground

Drvr

POR ResetClk

Serial Driver

Control Power

Environment 1

Impact Switch

Environment 2

Arm Power

Accelerometer

Simulator

ESAF

ESAF FPGA

Built In Test (BIT)

Arm Power Input





Calculation


Fireset

Static Switch 1

Static Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

AP

Detect

Serial Driver

Opto Opto

POR Reset

Clk


+5vdc

Arm

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

Fire

Control

Remote Fireset

Dynamic

Switch

Fireset FPGA

BIT



Dynamic Clock Driver Logic

Arm Delay Timer Logic

Fire Signal Processing

HV LevelFeedback

Arm Power

Dyn

Arm

Fire

RFS Logic Power

Serial Data

Serial Driver

Ground

Drvr

POR ResetClk

Serial Driver

Control Power

Environment 1

Impact Switch

Environment 2

Arm Power

Accelerometer

Simulator

ESAF

ESAF FPGA

Built In Test (BIT)

Arm Power Input





Calculation


Fireset

Static Switch 1

Static Switch 2

Filter &

Regulators

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

AP

Detect

Serial Driver

Opto Opto

POR Reset

Clk


+5vdc

Arm

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• Power for the RFM should be applied as late in the launch

sequence or operational deployment as practical. – Why?? Additional measure to mitigate the possibility of inadvertent

release of low voltage arming signals

• Dynamic signal generation for driving the high voltage

transformer shall be performed at the RFM.

• Sequence monitoring shall be performed at the RFM at a

minimum.

Proposed Guidelines

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic

Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw 1

Static Sw 2

UQS #1 / FiringDiscrimination

SequenceMonitor

FPGA

FPGA


ARM1

ARM2

DynArm

Failsafe

DynamicArm

Firefire_valid1

fire_valid2

UQS_FS2

UQS_FS1

UQS Discrimination

UQS

Clock

Device PWR

seq_FS

Preference

towards

discrete

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• There shall be no inadvertent activation of any safety

features located on the RFM during and after exposure to

power transfers, transitions, and/or transients.

• There shall be no inadvertent activation of any safety

features located on the RFM during and after exposure to

all credible electromagnetic environments that the

applicable weapon system will be exposed to.

Proposed Guidelines

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Arming Signals/Commands

• There shall be a minimum of two arming signals

transmitted to the RFM for proper arming of the fuze

system.

• Each command message shall be unambiguous, to the

extent possible, from any and all other command

messages. – Ex: Navy Design utilizes frequency (actually frequency shift) and serial

message (minimum 17 bits flipped between ‘Arm!’ and ‘Safe’ cmds)

• If practical, no more than one of the arming signals may

be utilized for additional functions within the fuzing

system. – Ex: Navy Design…utilizing the upper frequency of the frequency shift for

the Dynamic signal

Proposed Guidelines

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• The generation and transmission of the arming signals

shall be implemented with independent logic devices that

are physically and functionally partitioned from each

other. Where practical, at least one arming signal shall be

generated utilizing discrete components.

• The generation of the arming signals shall be implemented

with dissimilar logic devices. The degree of dissimilarity

shall be sufficient to ensure that any credible common

cause susceptibility will not result in an inadvertent

arming signal transmission in other logic devices.

• The requirements outlined above shall also apply to the

processing of the received arming signal at the RFM and

subsequent activation of any safety features contained

within.

Proposed Guidelines

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Proposed Guidelines

Arm Power

Serial Data

Ground

Weapon Fire

Impact

Arm Power

Arming Control Unit

Serial

FPGA

Filter &

RegulatorsLogic

Power

POR 1

Clk

Accel

POR 2

Detect

Detect

Latch

Time

Windows

Latch

Freq

Osc.

Frequency

Impact

Umbillical

Disconnect

Comparator

Windowing &

Sampling

Comparator

Windowing &

Sampling

FPGA

Sequence &

Reference Voltages

UQS

Out

Firing Sequence

Generation

Analog

Profile

Analog

Profile

Validated

Intent 1

Validated

Intent 2

Validated

Target

Intent

UQS Generation

CLKClock

DelayClock

UQS

Line

Discrete

Complex

Dissimilar &

Partitioned

High

Voltage

Flyback

High

Voltage

Capacitor

Filter &

Regulators

HV

Feedback

SmartDet

Dynamic

Switch

RFU

FPGA

Arm Power

SmartDet

Logic

Power

Serial Data

Ground

Clk

POR 1

Clk

Static

Switch 1

Static

Switch 2

Frequency

POR 2

RFU

uC

PORSequencer

Trigger

Impact

Dynamic

Static Sw 1

Static Sw 2


SequenceMonitor

FPGA

FPGA


ARM1

ARM2

DynArm

Failsafe

DynamicArm

Firefire_valid1

fire_valid2

UQS_FS2

UQS_FS1

UQS Discrimination

UQS

Clock

Device PWR

seq_FS

Dissimilar &

Partitioned

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Serial Commands

• The length of a command message shall be 20 bits at the

minimum. This does not include any start, stop, or

message reliability bits..

• The preferred method for utilizing serial communications

is to generate the command word based on events that

occur throughout an arming environment. Transmission

of the command word will only occur upon verification

that the specific arming environment has been achieved.. – Question becomes what is the maximum number of bits per event in

order to build the message.

Proposed Guidelines

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• Where generation of the serial command is not

practicable, pre-defined serial commands may be utilized.

The commands must be further distinguished by a

minimum of two additional features in order to mitigate the

possibility of inadvertent release. – Features could include multiple (more than two) messages, sequencing,

sending each message at a different frequency

• Susceptibility to improper serial data shall be

characterized through sending a minimum of 100,000

randomly generated serial messages to the RFM and

monitoring the status of all safety features. If the arming

commands contain start, stop, and/or message reliability

bits, those bits should be held in a static position within

the randomly generated message.

Proposed Guidelines

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QUESTIONS?

Mark Etheridge

AMRDEC Fuze Office

a low voltage command-arm system for distributed … · a low voltage command-arm system ......

Documents