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Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD
Introducing PRIMARY ENERGY+ RENEWABLES
A Building Framework for theAll-Renewable Energy Future:
As Developed by:
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OVERVIEW
What is Source (Primary) Energy? What is a Primary Energy ‘factor’ Why factors are local, regional & climate-specific Designing for an All-Renewable Energy Future How Primary Energy Renewable (PER) was developed What this looks like in California A few building examples
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PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING
SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’ ENERGY
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PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING
SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’ ENERGY
‘SITE NET ZERO’ IS FUZZY MATH!
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WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
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WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
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WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
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WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL (SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
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WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL (SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
ERCOT: 3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917
Eastern: 3.394
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WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL (SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
Western: 2.853
ERCOT: 3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917
Eastern: 3.394
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HOW DIRTY (OR CLEAN) IS YOUR GRID?
Nuclear North East
Hydro North West
Windy Great Plains
Coal Midwest
Solar Coasts
Gas Everywhere
!
Solar Coasts
Gas Everywhere
!
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SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
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SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
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SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
✕
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SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
✕
Renewables 3x better site utilization
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SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
✕
Renewables 3x better site utilization
But non-Renewables look equally good
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
New Design Incentives Needed
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RETHINKING PRIMARY (SOURCE) ENERGY
Heating/Cooling Demand:
Peak Heat Load:
Air-tightness:
Total Primary Energy:
15 kWh/m2yror 4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2
10 W/m2 or 3.2 BTU/hr.ft2
n50 < 0.6 ACH
Primary Energy Renewables (PER) Factors 3 Certification Levels
Incentivizes RENEWABLE ENERGY sources
SOURCE: Image – Team Germany 2009 Solar Decathlon Passivhaus supplies 200% of it’s energy via renewable energy.
Creates a CARBON EMISSIONS focus
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THREE RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATION LEVELS
Energy Supply from Renewable ResourcesFinal Energy Demand at the Building
PER =
INCENTIVIZES:1. Total Demand Reduction & Peak Load Shifting2. Fuel switching to all-electric with heat pumps3. Regional renewable grid efficiencies4. Allows local and off-site renewable credits5. Seasonal storage of renewables at utility scale6. Urban density & equitable renewable credit for all
buildingsSOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
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SOURCE: Illustrations by Bronwyn Barry, info: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
BUILDING AN ALL-RENEWABLE ENERGY FRAMEWORK
1. Total Demand
Reduction
Allocate by: Electricity Hot Water Heating Cooling Dehumidification
2. Seasonal Energy Demand
3. Regional Grid Renewable Supply
Account for: Wind Solar PV Hydro~ Biomass~ District Heat4. Building
Site & Size
6. Renewable Storage
Look at kWh of: Short-term & Long-term energy
5. Regional Peak Load
Incentivize Load shifting according to: Demand Type Daily Peak Use Seasonal Peak
7. Appliance Energy Source
Incentivize fuel switching to electric heat pumps
Account for: Local renewable availability Building size vs roof area Supply vs Demand balance Viable short- vs long-term
storage
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FRAMEWORK FOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional Peak Load
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FRAMEWORK FOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional Peak Load
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FRAMEWORK FOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional Peak Load
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FRAMEWORK FOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional Peak Load
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FRAMEWORK PER FACTORS IN THE PHPP
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect
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APPLIED TO A HOME IN VANCOUVER, BC
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect
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APPLIED TO A HOME IN MAINE
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect
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APPLIED TO A SAN FRANCISCO RENOVATION
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect
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SUMMARIZING PRIMARY ENERGY RENEWABLE
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
2. Driven by:Comfort Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
PRIORITIZES DEMAND
REDUCTION
Renewable sources given beneficial ‘Primary Energy
Renewable’ factors
Credits allocated to:On-site generation Off-site generation
Green Roofs
(Regional grid supply factored into this
calculus.)
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
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EQUITABLE CALCULATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
2. Driven by:Comfort Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
RENEWABLE CREDITS ALLOCATED
BY
Projected Building Footprint
Incentivizes large-scale and micro-grid
renewable supply.Off-site generation
allowed for Premium Tier.
Does not penalize commercial, tall, shaded or urban infill
projects with no site generation capacity.
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LEARN MORE HERE
http://www.naphnconference.com/
Event Partners: Passive House
Institute Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory Pacific Gas & Electric Living Futures
Institute
OCTOBER 4-8TH
Oakland, CA
PASSIVE + RENEWABLES
KEYNOTE:Scott Foster, Director, Sustainable Energy Division, United Nations ECE (includes USA & Canada.)
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FURTHER READING, THANKS AND CREDITS
SOURCE MATERIAL: Passive House Institute, passivehouse.com ‘The PER Sustainability Assessment,’ Passipedia.org Andre Harrmann, CertiPHiers & Harrmann Consulting Bronwyn Barry, ‘California’s All-Renewable Energy Future’
RECOMMENDED READING:https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessmenthttps://passipedia.org/basics/passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply/passive_house_the_next_decade
SOURCE: Image – Cottle Passive House NZE, One Sky Homes
THANK YOUBronwyn Barry, RA, CPHDEmail: [email protected]: http://naphnetwork.org/
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FRAMEWORK CALCULATION METHOLOGY
2. Seasonal Energy Demand
Allocated by: Electricity Hot Water Heating Cooling Dehumidification
6. Renewable Storage
kWh of: Short-term & Long-term energy
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
BONUS
MATERIAL
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SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
Figure 4: The PER factors are equivalent to the required additional RE supply for each kWh of a consumer’s additional energy demand. Examples are shown for domestic hot water, heating and cooling in Boise, US.
Figure 5: Exemplary PER factors for selected locations in different climate zones arctic, cool-temperate, warm and very hot.
Figure 6: PER factors for space heating for various locations integrated into the PHPP. Average value and variation.
4. Building Site & Size
Accounts for: Local renewable availability Building size vs roof area Supply vs Demand balance Viable short- vs long-term storage
FRAMEWORK CALCULATION METHOLOGY
BONUS
MATERIAL