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THE VARIETY
OFRESOURCES
ON EARTH
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THE VARIOUS RESOURCESON EARTH Water
needed by plants (photosynthesis,carry dissolved water), animals and
human beings (transport digestedfood, oxygen,body temperature,
excretion).
- Covers nearly 70% of earth surface- 60% - 95% of the body weight of living
organisms consists of water
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Air
- Contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbondioxide, inert gases, water vapour.
- E.g : oxygen -> respiration, combustion
carbon dioxide -> fire fighting, dryice, carbonate drinks, photosynthesis
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Soil
- Habitat for many plants and animals- Consists mixture of sand particles, humus,
minerals, water, air, microorganisms.
- Humus -> organic substance fromdecaying plants and animals.
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Minerals
- Various kinds of metals are found and
made into useful products.- E.g : copper -> good conductor of heat and
electricity.
- Mercury -> used to coat mirrors,thermometer.
Iron -> coated with tin used to make foodcontainers.
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Fossil fuel
- Fuel formed below the surface fromremains of living things that died
millions of years ago.- E.g : natural gas, petroleum, coal
- Products process from fossil fuels ->
plastic, ammonia, sulphur, wax
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Living things
- Plants and animals are importanceand used to produce food, clothes,
building materials, fuels.
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ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDSAND MIXTURE ELEMENT- Pure substance that cannot be broken
down into two or more simpler
substances.- One type of particles only
- ATOM -> the smallest particles in anelement
- May be solid, liquid or gases.
- Classified into two groupsmetals
Non-
metals
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METAL PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
NON-METAL
Shiny surface APPEARANCE OF
THE SURFACE
Dull surface
Malleable MALLEABILITY(ABILITY TO BESHAPED)
Not malleable
Ductile (can bepulled into wire)
DUCTILITY Not ductile
High density DENSITY Low density
High melting point MELTING POINT Low melting point
Good conductor CONDUCTIVITY OFHEAT
Poor conductor
Good conductor CONDUCTIVITY OF
ELECTRICITY
Poor conductor
(except carbon andsilicone)
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COMPOUND
- Formed when two or more elementscombine chemically through a chemicalreaction
- Molecule -> a group of two or more atoms
which are chemically combined.
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MIXTURE
- Made up of two or more substances which
are physically joined together- May consists of elements, compounds or
a combination of both.
- May be solids, liquids or gases.
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Separation of mixtures
Sieving (mengayak)
- For separating two insoluble solids ofdifferent sizes. (sand and paddy)
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Using a magnet (tarikan magnet)
- A mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic substances (tiny nickels,
steel screws)
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Evaporation (penyejatan)
- To recover dissolved solid in a solution(salt from brine)
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Filtration (Penurasan)
- To separate a mixture of insoluble solids
and liquids ( sand and water)
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Distillation (Penyulingan)
- To recover a pure liquid from a
solution
(petroleum fraction from crude oil)
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Decanting
(Menuang)
Winnowing
(Mengangin)
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COMPOUNDS DIFFERENCES MIXTURES
Through chemicalreaction
Formation or preparation Through physicalmethods
Heat is absorbed orreleased
Energy change No heat is absorbed orreleases
New substances areformed
Formation of newsubstances
No new substances areformed
The properties of acompound formed are
different from the originalelements
Properties ofcomponents
The properties ofcomponents remain the
same
The ratio of componentin compounds is fixed
Composition The ratio of componentsin a mixture is not fixed
Chemical process Separation methods Physical processes
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IMPORTANCE OF EARTHS
RESOURCES Preservation
- The act of maintaining Earths
resources in their natural environment
- Balance of nature is not disturbed
Conservation
- The sustainable use and management
of resources
- Prevent wastage, loss and damage
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Its necessary to prevent :
a) The destruction of the environment
b) The extinction of species
c) Natural disasters
d) Health problem
e) Loss of economic resources
f) Shortage of clean water
g) Damage to the balance of nature
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Ways to preserve andconserve: Reduce usage of Earths natural
resources
Use product made from biodegradable
materials
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Use less disposable
Use public transport
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Reuse material
Stop using products that containharmful substances
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Recycle waste materials
Monitor factories that pollute theenvironment