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..... . . ... . . . . .... .. ....... '...."......,. DElI 18 '36 07: 53AM 188 TECH. LIERGRL(' -,,-.-- *P. 2-
SECTION 9 GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE Dm11
MEAN COEFWCIENTS OF THERMAL EXPANSION
7 CeIL? Mo & 9 Cr-1 M b
All l h d c r of TP 3M S.S.
AU &dm of TP 321 S.S.
All O n d b of TP 347 S.S.
T i m (Ondw 1 , 2 . 3 8 7)
Ni-MwCr W y C.276)
PO-10 & SO-20 CU-Ni
CC.Ni-F*M*Cu.Cb (Allcy 20Cb)
Ni-Cr-Mc-Cb (AUoy 625)
Refetenets; AShffi Scot VIII, Div. 2,1986 Edition Bridgepon Brasn Compllny Airco, he. R.A. Mom (C~llectcd Papers, Lcucrs & Dae) Sabin Cmckcr, Piping Hhrldbbbk, 41h Edition Carpenter Technology Huniingron Allay Inc. Bullcrin #1 SMI-76T-42, C11b6r-Stclli~ Natianal B m u ef Standards hwmstional Nickcl Company Tclcdynm W 1 Chang Albany D.G. Furman, Journal of Mtrnla
184 Standards Qf The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Assaciatibn
--
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de 7
3 G
355
1 - -...
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92
Sea
mla
ss
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tee
l B
oil
er
ST0
33
G 3
46
1
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ss
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for
Hig
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35
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461
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All
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tain
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s S
tee
l B
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fo
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8 7
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G
rade
8
B
8
8
C
Gra
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Gra
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B
B 5
16
Gra
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8 6
Ca
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and
All
oy
Ste
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ts
far
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fo
r n
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and
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h T
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Gra
de 2
H
Gra
de 8
G
rada
4
Gra
de 6
SIiB
7
G 4
107
SUS
304
G 4
303
SUS
347
G 4
303
SUS
32
1
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303
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16
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107
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5
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107
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410
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303
S 4
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.
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tem
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&
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64
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G
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116
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316
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304
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430
4 U
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117
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SUS
104T
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3463
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104
TP
147
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463
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12
1
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3477
8 G
146
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1463
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63
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42
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103
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70
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31
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15
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. spe
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spe
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spe
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SE
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e A
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spec
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A
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spe
cify
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or p
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s up
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A-3
57
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m.
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SA
-240
, sp
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62,
spec
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tem
per.
A
SME
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68,
spec
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LUM
INLM
A
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ASM
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09,
spec
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Cor
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C
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OY
. ASM
E 5
B-l
I,
spec
ify
type
. A
SME
SB
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spe
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all
oy.
ASM
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B-1
69,
spx
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allo
y an
d [e
mpe
r A
SME
SB
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, spe
cify
all
oy.
ASM
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B-4
02, s
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lloy
.
Cas
tings
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Au
n~
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A
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S.4
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, sp
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. sp
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SFEI
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, rp
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CO
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. A
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valv
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ASM
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2 ca
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.
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31
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nm
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. sp
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spec
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spec
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ipec
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spec
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spec
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ASM
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spec
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ASM
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66.
spec
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ALL
Xflh
VM
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wr>
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CL
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. . . . - I . . . . . . m
N
Alloy Steels far E leva ted T e m p e r a t u r e Sewice--Table I
Type o f Steel ASTM Specilicationr Appllcalions - - - -- . - . - -- - "T.1" rqnstructional A 514 8, F, A 517 8 . F Up to 8oOF samilar lo 0.5% chrome, 0.54, moly, b u t alloys these grades oiler much higher strength. Suilahlefor
p reswre vessels. piping, rotary kiln shells, materials handling equipment at lemperatures up to 800 F.
C.0.5qb moly A 161 T I : A l f i 2 F 1: 4 ZOA A, 0: Thissleelcan bemoreblghly stressed than carbon steels A 234C: AZOa TI: A 335 P I : A 3 3 6 u red in the same kindolequlpment. The molyincreares F l short tirrle tensiie strength and reducer creep.
0.5% chrome. 0.5% A 213 12; A 335 PZ; A 387 A The moly m in im~ze l graphitization in spplicntiljns such moly ar bcder lubes up la 050 F. AISI 4140 A 103. 87 C!~-LL I . .,.,,y more reristant to csrrcsbon an3 ;rila:ian than
carbon steel. this grade is used lo r bolting petroleum refinery equipment operating below 1.000 F.
1% chrome-0.5% moly A 182 F 17: A 2 13 112; A335, P 12: The higher chromium here inlproves corrosion and ori- A 387 8 dal ion resistance
1 .255 chrome-0.5% A 182 F11: A 1 3 T11; A 200 111: Maxirnum operating temperature o f 1.100 F. N
moly A 2 1 3 T l l : A 3 3 5 P l l ; A 3 8 7 C
2% chrome.O.Sg moly A IQI) T3b: A 200T3b: 4 219 T?b T l ~ i r has !he minimum chromium content needed to rlgnificantly increase corrasian resistance cver carbon steal. It is a good intermediate between carbon steels and 5% chramesteels.Mnximum temperalure is 1.15OF.
2.25qbchrome-I%moly A 199 127: A 200 T22: A 213 122: The higher moly improves short l ime tensile and creep A 335 P22; A ?87 0 strength. Used up to 1,200 F wi lh moderale resistarice
to corrosion and oxidation.
2.5% chrome-0.5% A 115'3 T6: A 200 T4 i h e silicon here lncreasez oxidation resistance over that moly. 0.75% silicon of lesser chrome steels.
3% chrome-!% moly A iP9 T2t: A 200 T t l . 4 213 T71: Creep strength equivstent to Ihnt of :he 2 . 2 5 1 chrome. A 335 P21: A 387 E 1% moly, but with improved exidation resistance.
- - -
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Wel
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Sld
bi0
. Wel
ded
Stes
l Tan
ks f
or O
il Sl
urag
e. T
hird
?
Edt
t~on
. !066
(suw
rsed
es A
PI S
td I
2Cl.
I
Sld
660,
Hea
l ~
x;n
xn
~cr
r for
Gen
eral
Ref
incr
y S
er-
j vl
ces.
Firs
t E
d~
uo
n. 1
964.
Sl
d 25
50 (A
STM
D L
:ZM
S),
Mca
rurc
mcn
t an
d C
dlt-
) br
auan
ni U
pr~
ghl C
ylin
dric
al T
anks
. 10
66.
Std
255
1 (A
SM
D 1
410&
5).
Mea
sure
men
t m
d C
all-
bn
tlon
or
Hor
iron
tai
Tan
ks,
1966
. St
d 2
55
2(A
SlX
D 1
4086
5).
Mea
surc
mcn
t ar
d C
all-
br
at~
on ol
Sph
erei
and
Sph
ero~
ds. IQ
6b.
Std
2553
(A
STM
D 1
4074
5),
Mca
sure
mcn
l an
d C
ali-
br
atio
n of
Bar
ges.
196
6.
Ijp
l
J St
anda
rd l
or A
bove
Gro
und
Stor
age
Tan
ks io
r H
azar
dous
C
ndcr
wrl
lcrs
' L
qutd
r 1.
abor
ator
ies.
Inc
15
00:
Fusi
on w
elde
d pr
essu
re v
essc
ls f
or u
w in
~
10
0-7
3 S
tand
ard
for
Wei
ded
Stce
l E
leva
xd T
ank$
. Aw
,,, rh
c ch
emic
al,
petr
oleu
m a
nd d
ied
indu
ruie
s.
Sran
dptp
er a
nd R
ese~
olr
s for
Wat
er S
tora
ge
Pu
t 1:
19
58 C
arha
n an
d lo
w a
lloy
stee
ls.
Pu
t 3:
1965
Alu
min
~um
. 15
15.
Fusi
on w
elde
d p
rem
re v
cxlr
(adv
ance
d d
eam
and
mnr
truc
tion
i io
r u
x in
the
D
. PI
PIN
G
3
chem
icai
, pet
role
um a
nd d
licd
ind
ustr
ies.
j
Can
adia
n S
unda
rds
B5 1
.196
5 . . .
. . C
ode
for t
he C
onst
ruct
ion
and
Iniw
cuo
n C
SA
of B
olle
rs a
nd P
ress
ure
Ver
sels
.A
58.1
-195
5 M
inim
um D
estg
Loa
d3 in
Bul
ldin
gs a
nd
LV
SI
Oth
er S
tmcm
res,
Bui
ldin
g C
ode
Req
uuem
ents
for
. . .
~~
~
-
Sld
12B
.Spe
cifi
catio
n fo
r B
olte
d Pr
oduc
Oon
Tan
ks,
3
Ele
vent
h E
diti
on, May 1
958.
i
Std
IZ
D. S
peci
fica
tion
for
Lar
ge W
eldc
d Pr
oduc
tion
1
Tan
ks,
Seve
nth
Edi
tion
, A
ug.
1957
. i
St4
I ZE
, ~p
ec~
i~rc
atio
n
for
Wd
en
Pro
duct
ion Tanks,
i Si
xth
Edi
tion.
Oct
. 19
56.
Std
1 ZF.
Spr
crfi
cati
on f
or S
d
Wel
ded
Prod
ucti
on
' T
anks
, Fif
th E
diti
on, M
ar.
196
1. S
td l
U,S
peL
ific
aIio
n fo
r O
il an
d C
~sS
epu
sro
rr,
%d
Edi
tion,
Mar
. 19
62.
i S
td l
?K,
Spe
ctic
atio
n fo
r Ind
irec
t-T
ypc
Oil
Fiel
d '
Hea
ters
, T
hird
Edi
tion
, M
ar.
1962
. i
Std
12M
, Spe
cifi
catio
n fo
r O
il Fi
eld
Th
en
al
Rec
over
y I
Ste
am G
ener
aton
(T
enta
tive
). F
ust
Edi
tion
. Mar
. 19
66.
RP 5
10, R
ecom
men
ded
Prac
uce
for
Insp
ectio
n, R
epw
, an
d R
atin
g of
Unf
ired
her
sure
Ves
sels
in S
ervi
ce in
Petr
oleu
m R
etin
erte
s, F
irs1
Edi
tion
, 19
98.
Std
620
, Rec
omm
ende
d R
ules
for
Dm
gn a
nd C
on-
stru
ctio
n o
f hg
e, W
elde
d, L
ow-P
resa
rre
Stor
age
Tan
ks,
nir
d E
&oo
n,
1966
. J
931.
1.0P
ower
P~
ptng
With
Add
enda
, Ob
d O
c 93
1.2-
RIC
I Gas
Pip
lng
B3I
.3Q
ctro
leum
R
efin
ery
Ptpt
ng
B3I
.J-L
quid
Pet
role
um T
ranr
porl
ario
n Pi
ping
W
ith A
dden
da 4
a 93
1.5-
Rcf
nger
alio
n Pi
ping
With
Add
endu
m S
a 93
1.7-
Nuc
lear
Pow
er P
ipin
g W
tth A
dden
da 7
b &
7c
931.
8Gar
Tra
nsm
issi
on a
nd l
hrt
nb
ut~
on
Pi
ping
Sys
tem
s W
ith S
uppl
cmcn
c 8b
E.
PIPE
S. T
CD
ES
J -. B
36.lC
-107
0 W
roug
lltS
feel
.md
W~u
ilgh
t Iron
1'1
pe
B36
.19.
1965
St
rtnl
ess
Stce
i Pl
pe
Std
630,
Tub
e an
d H
eade
r D
~men
ston
s for
Flrr
d H
eate
rs '
for
Ref
iner
?. S
ervi
ces,
Sec
ond
Edl
t~on
. 1961
PA
PI
Std
640.
Tub
e D
~m
cnr~
ans for
Hra
r E
x~
han
~er
s (T
enta
tlve
i Ft
rst
Fh
uo
n.
1959
I
-
WE
L,,,
<D S
TE
EL
TA
NK
S F
OR
OIL
ST
OR
AG
E
Sum
mar
y of
M
alor
req
uucm
ents
of
A?!.
S
tand
ard
650,
Fdr
h E
d~
l#o
n, 19
73
and
Supple
men
t 19
73.
SCO
PE
Thi
s sp
enfi
csti
on c
over
c m
ater
ial,
dca
w,
iahn
catl
on,
erec
rlon
, an
d te
srin
p re
. qu
lrem
cnrs
fo
r ve
rrlc
al
cyll
ndnc
al n
bovr
grou
nd,
clos
ed
and
open
-fop
, w
elde
d st
eel
stor
age
lank
in v
ario
us s
izes
and
cap
acrr
icr,
for
tnre
rnal
pre
ssur
es a
ppro
xi-
mat
ing a
tmos
pher
ic p
ress
ures
.
MA
TE
RIA
L
I. Pl
ates
sha
ll co
nfor
m t
o on
e of
the
fol
low
ng s
pec
~fi
cat~
on
s AS
^ A
jib,
A 2
93
C a
nd D
, A
2
85
C,
A
131
A,
B a
nd C
, A
442
, A
516
, A
537
. A
573
. A 6
62
WE
LD
ED
JOINTS
The
ryp
e of
jo
~n
rs ar n
rlo
us
ioca
tron
r h
all
be a
s fo
llow
s.
Shel
l V
ertic
al I
oin
u
Dou
ble-
wel
ded
butt
joi
ntc
with
com
pler
e pe
nerr
allo
n an
d fu
sron
or j
olnt
s of
1 i
1 Sh
ell H
oriz
onta
l Jo
ints
I (
For
a d
uta
nr,
of
3 in
ches
on
each
sid
e of
all
rrri
cal
:oh
, ju
nir
~rn
do
t~b
li-
wel
ded
burr
joi
nt w
ith c
ompl
ete
pene
rnti
on a
nd (
"<on
The
rer
naln
der
of t
he j
otnl
s if
the
th
ick
nes
of
eith
er p
late
is
318
rn
or l
ess,
L
- si
ngle
or
dou
ble-
wel
ded
butt
joi
nt
wth
fizU
pn
erra
t~o
n an
d fu
mon
If
the
th
ickn
ess
of b
orh
join
ing
plal
es a
re g
reat
er t
han
318
in.,
sln@
e-w
elde
d bu
ll
~o
~n
l
wth
com
pler
c pe
nerr
atio
n an
d iu
uon
or d
oubl
e-w
elde
d bu
tt jo
int
wir
h at
leas
t :w
o-th
lrdr
pen
elra
tlon
.
Roo
f P
lrru
Sid
e-w
eld
ed f
ull-
fille
t la
p jo
inr
I B
orlo
m P
lrtc
s
) Si
ngle
-wel
ded
full-
fille
t la
p Jo
int
or
sing
le-w
elde
d bu
tt j
omr
wit
h ba
ckin
g st
rtp.
i I
Roo
f to
the
To
p A
ngle
Con
rrnu
ous
fdle
t w
eld
on t
he t
op s
~d
e onl
y
i B
otro
m l
o Sh
ell
I C
orit
~nuo
us fr
llet
wel
d la
rd o
n ea
ch n
de
of t
he ~
hel
i-~
lare
s The
rlz
e o
f ea
ch
wld
st13
11
be n
ot g
reat
er l
ilan
1,': In
and
not
lens
tha
n th
e th
lckn
ew
of r
he
j h
er
plsr
e, n
or le
ss t
han
the
ioU
owm
g vl
lues
Tli
clm
ew o
f Sh
cll P
hrc
(Inc
h-)
Min
. siz
e of
il
l^^
wel
d ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
3i
s O
vcr
Yet
o%
Y
e .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. Z.
Ove
r 4;
to 1
%
..
..
..
..
..
..
. se
..
....
..
....
....
....
....
..
Ove
r 1%
ro 1
%
,. ?8
I T
he b
otro
m p
lare
s sh
all
proj
ecr
ar l
eas1
1 ~
n w
dth
bey
ond
[he
OU
IT
I~
~
edqe
of
the
wel
d ar
tach
rng
the
bott
om t
o ae s
hell-
plat
e
34
TE
STIN
G
BY z
tr p
ress
ure
rot
vacu
um :
)sin
g qo
apru
ds.
Itnr
eedo
ll. o
r ?]
her
sulr
able
rna
tena
l fo
r th
e dc
rect
ron
oi
leak
s'
INSP
EC
TIO
N
R~d
rogr
aphr
c lnc
pect
ion
shal
l be
con
fine
d lo
ran
k sh
rll
;o,n
rs s
pec~
fied
lo h
avc
com
pler
e pe
nerr
atto
n an
d fu
s~on
. pdr
r~cu
larl
y :he
wn
lul
jotn
ts.
Sec
t~o
nd
losp
ecrl
on s
hall
be c
onli
ncd
to h
onzo
ntd
wel
ded
tank
she
U j
otnt
s w
here
com
plet
e pe
nerr
atio
n an
d fu
uon
have
nor
bee
n sp
ec~f
ied.
OPE
NIN
GS
AN
D A
PPU
RT
EN
AN
CE
S M
anw
ay.
Cle
anou
t.
Ru
rh
Typ
e B
olte
d D
oor
Shee
t, W
aler
D
raw
off
Elb
ow.
Dra
wof
f S
ump.
Sca
ffol
d C
able
Sup
port
. In
let,
Our
ler.
Ove
rllo
w,
venr
lng
PIJI
- io
rm.
Wal
kway
. S
tair
wy
\PPE
ND
ICE
S O
F A
PI S
TA
SD
AK
D 6
50
APP
EN
DIX
A
Ref
eren
ce a
nd T
ypxc
al D
ea
p b
ra
iT
yp
~w
l s~
zes,
cap
ac~
l~cs
and
Shel
l-Pl
ate
Thi
ckne
ws.
)
APP
EN
DiX
B
Fo
un
daw
n.
APP
EIU
BIX
C
Roa
rxng
Roo
fs.
APP
EN
DIX
D
Alt
emal
c D
esig
n B
asis
for
Tan
k Sh
ells
-
AP
PE
SD
IX E
Use
of A
P1 M
onog
ram
. A
PPE
ND
IX F
D
esig
n of
Ta&
lo
r Sm
all I
nter
nal
Pres
sure
s.
APP
EN
DIX
G
Hig
h-S
rrc~
Des
ign
for
Tan
k Sh
e:is
.
APP
EIU
DIX
H
Cov
ered
Roa
ring
Roo
is.
APP
EN
DIX
J
Sh
op
kn
lble
d S
tora
ge T
anks
. A
PPE
ND
IX K
A
ltem
are
Proc
edur
e fo
r C
alcu
l~ti
ng Tan
k Sh
ell T
hck
ner
s .
VO
TE
S
Acc
ordi
ng
to [
he f
ollo
wnw
lng
stud
y "*I
St
anda
rd 6
50 a
nd A
ppen
dix
WIU
no1
accu
rare
ly p
redr
ct s
hell
stre
ws
m v
ery
lars
e s:
orsg
e ta
nks.
"
L. P
. Z
ick
xnd
R.
V
McC
rarh
N
ew D
en
p A
ppro
ach
far
Lzr
ge S
cora:
e T
~ank
c.
Hyd
roca
rbon
Pro
cess
:np,
M
ay 1
968.
Vol
. 47
. No.
5.
LO
W T
EM
PE
RA
TU
RE
ST
OR
AG
E V
ESS
EL
S
L. P. Z
ick
and
Me-
B C
lap
p
How
to
Spec
tfy
Low
Tem
pera
rue
Stor
age
Ves
sels
. H
ydro
carb
on
Roc
essm
g,
and
Petr
oleu
m R
efin
er,
June
19
01,
Val
. 4
3, N
o. 6
A
PPE
XD
IX I
of A
PI.
Sta
ndar
d 61
0 fo
r W
elde
d Sl
ccl T
an
h lo
r O
il St
orsp
c
SCO
PE
hs
appe
ndix
pro
ndes
des
lgn
and
fabr
iatr
on s
peci
fics
tions
fo
r ve
rtrc
al s
rord
ge
un
k o
f cu
ch s
ize
as t
o pe
rnut
com
plet
e ch
op a
rrem
biy
and
dehv
ery
to t
he m
sall
a-
aon
slre
In
one
plec
o.
Stor
sge
tank
s de
sign
ed o
n rh
rs b
asis
are
not
to
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ed 2
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dia
met
er w
ithin
sco
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vent
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vlce
s C
ast-
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plp
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ng
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ast
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n p
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ce
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riu
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cart
Ir
met
al
mol
ds
for
wat
er o
r ot
her
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s
Ca
st-~
ron
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cen
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lly
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In
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nd
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olds
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r w
ater
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r liq
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and
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ntr
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r1
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her
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nged
ca
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a
nd
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uct
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p
rpe
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rth
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uct
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ron
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ipe
. ce
ntr
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ally
ca
P
In
met
ai
mo
lds
or s
an
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s io
r w
arer
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r ltq
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ANSI
IAST
M
B 4
07
h
~c
rel-
~ro
n-c
hro
miu
m
dllo
y re
amle
ss p
l,w
an
d
tube
A
NS
VA
ST
M B
423
N
icke
l-tr
on
chr
omiu
m-m
olyb
nenu
m-c
oppe
r a
lloy
seam
less
prp
e a
nd r
u~
c
AN
SU
AS
TM
B 4
44
N
ick
el-
ch
rom
ium
-mo
lvb
ae
r~u
m-c
ol~
~m
n~
um
a
llov
seam
less
prp
e an
d tu
be
AN
SU
AS
TM
B 4
45
N~
ck
el-
ch
rom
~u
m-~
ron
-co
ium
h~
um
-mo
Ivb
de
nu
n~
-
tung
sten
allo
y se
amle
ss p
ipe
an0
tuh
e A
NS
IIAS
TM
3 5
13
Sup
plem
enta
rb
rgrl
lre
me
nls
io
r n
!ik
e;-
ali
o\~
seam
lPss
p~
pe
and
luw
lor
rruc
lear
ap
pl~
cat~
on
s A
NS
UA
ST
M B
51.
1 W
eld
ed
nic
kel-
jro
n-c
hro
m~
um
allo
v p
~p
e
AN
SU
AS
TM
B D
l7
\Wel
ded
nic
kel-
chro
miu
m-r
on
a!!?
pip
e
AL
UM
INU
M A
ND
AL
UM
INU
M A
LLO
Y
PlPE
AN
D T
UB
ING
A
NS
IIAS
TM
B 2
10
A
lum
rnu
m-a
llay
dra
wn
sea
mle
ss tu
bes
AN
SU
AS
TM
B 2
21
A
lum
~n
um
-all
ay e
xtru
ded
bars
, ro
ds,
wlr
e s
hape
s,
and
rube
s A
NS
IIAS
TM
B 2
41
Alu
min
um
-allo
y se
amle
ss p
ipe
and
>ea
rnle
ss e
x-
Car
tr
uded
tu
k
"U
STEE
L PI
PE F
OR
LO
W-T
EM
PE
RA
TUR
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ERVI
CE
AN
SIIA
ST
M B
31
1 A
lum
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um
-.~
llo
v rou
nd
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B
3t
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lc
A~.,S
I A
ST
M A
333
S
eam
less
an
d w
eld
ed
ste
el p
ipe
ror
lo
w-t
em
pe
ra-
AN
SIIA
LTM
B 3
45
A
lun
7ln
~m
alto
b <
elm
lrss
ex
t r,
led
tube
an
d 03
l C
rrr
turc
se
rv~
ce
sear
nles
r p
fpe
tor
gal.
and
oil
rra
nsm
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n
an
d
s,, A
NS
I>p,
ST
&+
A 6
71
~
lec
tr~
c-~
us
ron
w
eld
td P
IP
tor
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osp
he
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str
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ult
on
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prrr
g sy
clem
r ].
me
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u.S3
low
er
tem
pera
ture
s ;
Ah
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AS
TM
D 4
83
Alu
mrn
un
~ allo
\ d
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n t
u3ec
lo
r ge
nera
l pu
rpos
e / =
(I0
iic.
an
w
811
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d~
?o
r PIP -
can
ccdc
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PI
sel
C pa
ra
ior
boil1
th
e I
FER
RIT
IC-A
LLO
Y P
IPIN
G A
ND
TU
BIN
G
Ah
SllA
ST
M A
26
8
Sea
mle
ss a
nd w
eld
ed
fe
rrrt
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tain
less
-ste
el t
ub
~n
g
Ah
SII
AS
TM
A 3
35
Sea
mle
ss i
err
itic
-ailo
y st
eel
plp
r ;o
r h
iph
-rcm
pe
r-
atur
e serv
ice
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
36
9
Fe
rrltl
c-a
lloy
stee
l-ior
ged
and
bo
red
plp
e i
or
h~
gi-
te
mpt
?rat
ure
serv
ice
AN
SII
AS
TM
A 4
05
S
eam
less
fe
rriti
c-a
lloy
stee
l p
ipe
sp
eci
aiii
ile
at-
tre
ate
l io
r h
igh
-te
mp
era
ture
ser
vice
AS
SII
4S
TM
A 4
26
C
untr
iirrg
ally
cas
t ie
rrit
ic-a
llov
stee
l p
ipe
ior
hlg
h-
tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
66
9
Sea
mle
ss i
err
itic
-avr
ten
itic
alo
y s
teel
tub
es
NIC
KE
L A
ND
NIC
KE
L A
LLO
Y P
lPE
AN
D T
UB
ING
A
NS
IIAS
TM
3 1
61
N
icke
l se
amle
ss p
ipe
and
tu
be
AU
SIlA
ST
M B
16
5
Nic
kel-
cop
pe
r a
lloy
seam
less
pip
e a
nd
tub
e
AN
SIIA
ST
M B
16
i N
rcke
l-ch
rom
ium
-rro
n
all
o~
sea
nie
sr
plp
e
and
tu
b
ap
plic
at~
on
s i/
AN
SIIA
ST
M B 5
47
A
lum
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m-a
llov
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nd
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rou
nd
ii tu
be
I C
OPP
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ND
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PP
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ND
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G
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NS
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B 4
2
: A
NS
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43
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NS
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0
i A
NS
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B 7
5 i
AN
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j A
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R 1
35
i N
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AS
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65
j A
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I3
251
/ A
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00
I
ea
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n
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rass
PIP
, st
ar1d
a.d
size
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nn
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lcu
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less
co
pp
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tube
, br
rghr
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cop
per
tube
, an
neal
ed o
r d
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n
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op
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r w
arer
tu
w
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ss b
rass
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e h
rcke
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pp
er-
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lpe
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tub
e G
ener
al r
eq
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rme
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fo
r w
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gh
t jfa
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nd
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pp
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v tu
ne
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lor
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ID
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15
C
oppe
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licon
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amle
ss p
ip an
d tu
be
AN
SliA
ST
M B
447
W
elde
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pper
tub
e A
NS
llAS
TM
B 4
66
Sea
mle
ss c
op
pe
r-n
~ck
el p
lpe
and
tube
A
NS
I/AS
T,U
B 4
67
W
eld
ed
cop
per-
nrck
el p
~p
e
an
d t
ube
AN
SIIA
ST
M B
469
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oppe
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on a
llov
tube
s io
r pr
essu
re a
pplic
atio
ns
AN
SIIA
ST
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543
W
eld
ed
cop
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copp
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lloy
tube
A
NS
IIAS
TM
B 5
52
Sea
mle
ss a
nd w
eld
ed
cop
per-
nick
el t
ubes
io
r w
a-
ter
desa
lting
pla
nts
AN
SIIA
ST
M B
587
W
elde
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ass
tube
A
NS
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B 6
08
We
lde
d c
op
pe
r-a
lloy
PlPe
AU
ST
EN
lTlC
ST
AIN
LES
S-S
TE
EL
PIP
E A
ND
TU
BIN
G
AN
SI
836.
19
Sta
mle
ss-s
teel
pip
e
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
269
S
eam
less
an
d w
eld
ed
au
sten
itic
stai
nles
s-st
eel
tubt
ng i
or
gene
ral
se
rvic
es
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
270
S
eam
less
an
d w
eld
ed
a
ust
en
~ti
c st
ainl
ess-
stee
l sa
nlta
ry t
ub
~n
g
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
17
1
Sea
mle
ss
aust
eniti
c-st
eel
still
tu
bes
for
reiin
ery
serv
ice
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
312
S
eam
less
a
nd
w
eld
ed
au
sten
itic
stai
nles
s-st
eel
pip
e
AN
SIIA
ST
M A
358
E
lect
ric-
iusi
on-w
elde
d au
sten
itic
chro
miu
m-
ntck
el-a
lloy
stee
l p
ipe
for
hig
h-ie
mpe
ratu
re s
er-
vice
A
NS
IIAS
TM
A 3
76
Sea
mle
ss a
uste
nilic
-ste
el p
ipe
io
r hi
gh-t
empe
ra-
ture
ce
ntr
al-
sta
t~o
n se
rvic
e A
NS
IIAS
TM
A 4
09
We
ldcd
lar
ge-d
iam
eter
lig
ht-
wa
ll au
sten
itic
chro
- m
~u
m-n
ick
el allo
v st
eel p
ipe
for
corr
osiv
e o
r hi
gh-
tem
Fra
ture
ser
vice
A
iUS
IIAS
TM
h 1
30
~
ust
en
itic
-ste
el io
rged
and
bor
ed p
ipe
for
hi
gh-
tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
A
NS
I:AS
TIM
h 4
50
Gen
eral
re
quir
emen
ts
for
carb
on,
ferr
itic,
an
d au
sten
itic
tube
s A
NS
IIAS
TM
A 4
51
Cen
trifu
gally
ca
st
ausi
enlti
c-st
eel
pipe
fo
r hl
gh-
tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
N
SII
AS
TM
A 4
52
Ce
ntr
~iu
ga
lly ca
st a
uste
nitic
co
ld-w
rou
gh
t p
ipe
ior
h~
gh
-te
m~
era
ture
se
rvrc
e A
NS
IIAS
TM
A 5
30
Gen
eral
req
uire
men
ts f
or s
peci
aliz
ed c
arbo
n an
d al
lov
stee
l p
ipe
A
NS
IIAS
TM
A 6
32
Sea
mle
ss
an
d
we
lde
d
au
ste
n~
tic
stai
nles
s-st
eel
tub
ing
.A
NS
I/AS
TM
A 6
51
Sta
~nl
ess-
stee
l wa
ter-
DW
V t
ubes
A
KS
IIAS
TM
A 5
69
Sea
mle
ss :
e:r
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c-a
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el t
ubes
~ ~ ~~-. PI KI I522 0.10--0.20 0.10--0.00 0.045 0.045 0.10-0 50 ... 0.44-0.65 ... P2 K11547 010.-0.10 0.10-0.0t 0.045 0.045 0.10-0.30 0.50-0.01 0.44.-11.65 ... PS K41545 0.15 ma* 0.30-0.60 0.010 0.030 0.50 max 4 (K)-6.00 0.45--0.65 ... PSh K5154S 0.15 mar 0.30-0.60 U.010 0.030 1 - 2 . 4.w-6.00 0.45-0.65 ... P5r K41245 0.12 ma* 0.10-0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50 rnax 4.00-6 00 0.45 0.65 . ." P7 KblS95 0.15 m m Oln-0.h0 0.010 0.030 0.50-l lm 6 .W-0.w 0 44.-0.65 i.9 ~ ~ 1 5 9 0 0.15 m a r 0.10--0.60 0010 0.010 0.25-1.m 8.m-10.00 0.90-1 10 .,, PI 1 ..Kl IS97 0.15 mar 0.10-0.60 0.030 0.010 0.50-1.00 1.M--1.50 0.44-0.65 .. PI2 K1 1562 0.15 "la* 0.30-0 61 0.045 0.045 0.50 mar 0.00-1 25 044.0.65 ... PI5 K11578 O.ISnlax 0.10-0.60 0.010 0.030 1.15-1.65 ... 0.44-0.6s ... P21 Kl l545 0.15 max 0 10-0.6U 0010 0.010 0.50mnx 2.65-3.35 0.00-1.116 ... P22 K21190 0 15 mar 0.30-0.60 0.010 0.010 0.50 nlar 1.90--2.60 0.n7-1.13 ...
-- 'Nrw drsiqnation crlai,lirhni in arc<nrlancc will) ASTM F 527 arld SAF: 11006. RrcommmdeI Prarticr 5 r N t f m l ~ r i a ~ Mrlalr anrl Albyr (UNO. 'C,rarlr 1'1~ %hnll havr a l i tau i~~m ronlrnl oi tnnr Ir%s lhar~ 4 timer Ilr rarlx,!, conlcnl arwi nal rr~rxr !Inan 0 70.5: or a colun>l,ium corlln,~ of R to t0 timr, IIW cnrlwn con~lenl.
Speciflcadohl Rhd Whdards for dimensll)hgl duldance
..'.f '- ' , . , , . . NOIE5 lrclerring l o ANSI 831.11: ',.!ir.l ., - ' . ( I ) ASblE SA, SR. a h 1 SFA S ~ i f l c n l l o n ~ ,hall be used Iw b o l l f f e r l W s k d ) p l h ~ a s h e n d i n Para. 100.i .2lAl. 121 ro, all othcr piping, nnntwla l~ conlarmin~ to an ASMF SA a SB S & l ~ ~ t ! h m!y k uwd !nierchangeably wil l1 n~aler ia l rpecifiecl to a n
ASTM A or R Sperll icatlon of the same n u m t r r l lslcd I n Table I?6<,t;j'2. ! 5 '
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11) I l > h a p p r o w d year n l I r w e o l the spx i l icat ions and Slandnrds Id ~ ~ f w n ' lrl ih\3 labie. 1l;is lnlormeilon is glven i n A p p n d l u F 01 th i r C&. .:,:F*;+y, < . , *. ': t--
ASTM Ferrolns ha '~$~~~i S q c l n t e ~ l i n ~
I'ilc .- %~IIIPII 101 l l lg l> T ~ n l p . S - t ~ i r e P i p e l - ~ e l d e d
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A 211 Spiral We ld rd !;(re1 or I ron A 358 A r~ .Wr l ded Cr-NI Alloy 1i.T. Service
1 1'81~. - 5~d l l d r55 h W ~ f l i d I
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RADlATION PROTECTION
How to handle sealed radioactive
, substances
RADIATION PROTECTION How to handle sealed
radioactive substances
I n t reduction
Many r a d l o m e t r l c measuring systems a re be ing used today i n i n d u s t r y f o r ve ry d i f f e r e n t t asks , e s p e c i a l l y f o r measuring, mon i t o r i ng and c o n t r o l purposes. The reason f o r t h i s i s t h a t r ad iome t r i c measuring methods can o f t e n be used when conven t i ona l measuring techniques cannot, due t o t e c h n i c a l and phys i ca l reasons. I n a d d i t i o n , r ad iome t r i c measurements o f f e r a h i g h degree o f o p e r a t i o n a l safe ty , s i n c e they a re n o t a f f e c t e d by any chemical o r most o f t h e p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e product t o be measured.
C ' Radionet r ' ic measur ing systems use r a d i o a c t i v e substances o f d i f f e r e n t t ypes and a c t i v i t l e s , which a r e bes t s u i t e d f o r each respec t i ve measuring t ask . The a p p l i c a t i o n of these r a d i o x t i v e m a t e r i a l s i s regu la ted by law t o p reven t improper hand l ing and thus exposure of t h e personnel t o t h e p o t e n t i a l l y ha rmfu l r a d i a t i o n . P rope r l y t r a i n e d r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n o f f i c i a l s have t o make sure t h a t these r e g u l a t i o n s a re f o l l owed and c a r r i e d o u t adequate ly . The necessary spec ia l knowledge cen be acqu i red i n seminars wh ich a re o f f e red by d i f f e r e n t i n s t i t u t i o n s , sometinies a l s o by ccmpanies wh ich supply r a d i o m e t r i c measuring systerns.
For o t h e r people who o c c a s i o n a l l y ccme i n c o n t a c t w i t h r a d i o a c t i v e substances, i t i s a l s o adv i sab le t o be acquain ted w i t h t h e t e c h n i c a l aspects o f r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n .
The aim o f t h i s paper i s t o i n f o r m t h e reader about t h e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s o f r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n , t o o f f e r the p o s s i b i l i t y o f m in im i z i ng r a d i a t i o n exposure and t o c a r r y o u t s imp le r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n c a l c u l a t i o n s . Bas3d on t h i s kncwledge, sGme b a s i c laws f o r r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n and t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f p r a c t i a l app l i .cat ion can be obta ined. For p r a c t i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n s we have emphasized t h e f r e q u e n t l y used gamma sources, which f i n d a p p l i c a t i o n , f o r e:<ample, i n l e v e l gauging and d e n s i t y measuring systems.
Wildbad, October 1989 Ka r l He ie r
Rad ia t ion i n v o l v e s e i t h e r p a r t i c l e r a d i a t i o n c o n s i s t i n g of p ro tons , neutrons o r e l e c t r o n s , o r e l ec t romagne t i c wave r a d i a t i o n , such as l i g h t o r radiawaves. The spectrum o f e lec t romagnet i c waves may range from long-wave r a d i o - r a d i a t i o n t o v i s i b l e l i g h t and short-wave X - r a d i a t i o n t o gamma and cosmic r a d i a t i o n .
Spectrum o f e lec t romagnet i c waves
The e m i t t e d nuc lear r a d i a t i o n shows d i f f e r e n t energy l e v e l s , which a re s p e c i f i e d i n e l ec t ron -vo l t s (eV). The energy o f p a r t i c l e r a d i a t i o n depends p r i m a r i l y on t h e k i n e t i c energy of the p a r t i c l e , and i n t he case of e iec t romagnet i c wave r a d i a t i o n on t he wavelength ( f requency) which can be equated w i t h a corresponding energy i n eV. I ,
6
1 . 2 T y ~ e s and C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f Nuclear Rad ia t ion
A lpha - rad ia t i on i nvo l ves p a r t i c l e r a d i a t i o n , i . e . e l e c t r i c a l l y charged p a r t i c l e s o f an atom.
(. These p a r t i c l e s a re r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e , so t h a t t he i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h o ther atoms i s h i g h ; a l pha - rad ia t i on , t h e r e f o r e , on ly t r a v e l s a s h o r t d is tance ( f o r example, approx imate ly 5 - 6 cm i n a i r ) . The p e n e t r a t i n g capac i ty o f t h i s t y p e o f r a d i a t i o n i s so low t h a t i t can be comple te ly absorbed by a sheet of paper l e s s t han 0.1 mrn t h i c k .
The human body i s s u f f i c i e n t l y p ro tec ted aga ins t ex te rna l a l p h z - r a d i a t i o n by t h e s k i n . Alpha-radi-at ion, however, w i l l become dangerous i f i t ge ts i n t o ' t h e body through b rea th ing , e a t i n g o r open wounds. If i t comes j n t o c l o s e c o n t a c t w i t h s e n s i t i v e t i s s u e s i n t he human body, i t nay cause a g rea t dea l of damage.
bet^-radiation a l so i n v o l v e s p a r t i c l e r ad ia t i on , i n t h i s case c o n s i s t i n g o f e l e c t r o n s which have a r e l a t i v e l y small mess and t h e r e f o r e a h igher pene t ra t i on t han a1 pha- rad ia t ion . The penet ra t ion depeqds on t h e energy and i s r ough l y i n v e r s e l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o the dens i t y o f t h e substance.
The maximum pa th i n a i r can be up t o approximately 10 m; i n paper i t i s 10 nm and i n aluminium approx imate ly 4 mm.
Iypes of radioactive decay
(schematic configuration)
Alpha-particles (nuclear component)
Beta-particles , .
(electron)
Gamma-radiation (waves radiation)
Neutron (nuclear component)
Ha l f - L i f e P e r i o d
Due t o t h e r a d i o a c t i v e decay t h e a c t i v i t y o f a source decreases accord ing t o s p e c i f i c phys i ca l l aws . The t ime i n which a source loses ha l f of i t s o r i g i n a l a c t i v i t y (AO) i s r e f e r r e d t o as t h e h a l f - l i f e of the source (HLT).
The c u r r e n t as f o l l ows :
-> years
a c t i v i t y ( A ) a f t e r a c e r t a i n t ime p e r i o d (t) i s c a l c d l a t e d
For some o f t h e more impo r tan t sources t he f o l l o w i n g h a l f l i v e s ca'n be given:
Co-60 - 5.3 years Cs-137 - 30 y e a r s . Am-241 - 458 years
Examples o f c a l c u l a t i o n s :
What i s t h e c u r r e n t a c t i v i t y i n percen t a f t e r 10 years w i t h the f o l l o w i n g sources?
a) f o r Co-60 -.693 x 10/5.3
A = Ao x 100% x e = =
b) f o r Cs-137
Dose Equ i va len t
Even w i t h t h e energy dose b e i n g t h e same, i o n i z i n g rays may have vary ing degrees of b i o l o g i c a l e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n body t i s s u e . To assess t h i s v a r y i n g b i o l o g i c a l e f f e c t f o r d i f f e r e n t k inds of r a d i a t i o n , a so-ca l led Q- factor ( r e l a t i v e b i o l o g i c a l e f f e c t f a c t o r ) i s used.
The energy dose m u l t i p l i e d by t h e Q-factor g ives t h e dose equ iva len t , which l i k e t h e energy dose i s nowadays i nd i ca ted i n Jou les pe r kg (must no t be i n d i c a t e d i n Gy, s i n c e t h i s t e rm should e x c l u s i v e l y app l y t o the energy dose). The dose e q u i v a l e n t o f 1 Joule/kg may a l s o be expressed by 1 S i e v e r t (Sv).
The te rm rem i s s t i l l b e i n g used which expresses t h e f o l l o w i n g re1 a t i onsh ip :
1 rem = 10-2 J / kg = 10-2 sv
1 mrem = 0 .01 mJ/kg = 10 n i c r o s v I
To conver t d i f f e r e n t t ypes o f r a d i a t i o n f rcm energy dose t o dose equ i va l en t , t h e f o l l o w i n g Q- (Qua l i t y ) - fac to rs must be used:
(..- A1 pha-radi a t i o n - Q-factor = 10 t o 20
Beta- and gamma-radi a t i o n - Q-factor = 1
Neutrons, depending on energy - Q-factor = 3 t o 10 *)
r ) &: I f t h e energy i s n o t known, cse t h e Q-factor 10.
The fo l low ing s p e c i f i c gamma-radiation constants (k ) apply t o the sources most f r e q u e n t l y used i n i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s :
Nucl i d e I k ( o l d )
f o r Co-60
f o r Cs-137
f o r Am-241
k (new)
0.35
0.02
dimensions pSv x m2
h x MBq
mrem x m2
h x mCi
Examoles o f c a l c u l a t i o n s : The dose r a t e o f a Co-60 source with an a c t i v i t y of 5 m C i o r 185 MBq r e s p e c t i v e l y i n a d i s t ance o f 50 cm i s t o be' ca l cu l a ted :
370 MEq x 0.365 pSv x m2 = = 540 . ~ S v / h
(0.5 rn)2 x h x MBq
1O.mCi x 1.35 rnrem x m2
G = = 54 rnrem/h (0.5 rn I2 x h x m C i
The dose r a t e s c a l c u l a t e d w i t h t h e above formulae a re v a l i d f o r unsh ie lded sources. I f a s h i e l d i n g i s used, t h e dos2 r a t e i s reduced.
I f t he a c t i v i t y c f a source i s unknown, i t can be c a l c u l a t e d by means o f t h e cor responding gaxrna-radiat ion cons tan t ' f rom the dose r a t e measured a t a known d i s t ance f rom t h e source.
The l a y e r t h i c k n e s s i n which t h e o r i g i n a l dose r a t e i s reduced by h a l f i s r e f e r r e d t o as h a l f - v a l u e l a y e r (HVL). The corresponding weakenlng f ac to r (s ) f o r a c e r t a i n m a t e r i a l t h i c kness ( d ) can be c a l c u l a t e d as f o l l ows :
Please no te , t h a t t h e s i z e o f t h e ha l f - va l ue l a y e r depends on t h e e x t e n t o f t he r a d i t i o n f i e l d and t h e r e f o r e i t i s v a l i d o n l y f o r a s p e c i f l c measuring geometry.
For Co-60, Cs-137 and Am-241 t h e f o l l o w i n g ha l f - va l ue t h i cknesses can be s p e c i f i e d f o r t h e most impo r tan t s h i e l d i n g mate r la l s :
The above va lues a re average va lues common i n i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s .
M a t e r i a l
Water
Concrete
S tee l
Lead
Tungsten
Based on t h e known formulae, a c a l c u l a t i o n o f t he r a d i a t i o n dose t o be expected can now be c a r r i e d o u t .
A source w i t h 10 m C i Co-60 i s i n s t a l l e d i n a l e a d - s h i e l d i n g o f 67 mm th i ckness . Operat ions, wh ich may l a s t f o r about 30 min, have t o be c a r r i e d o u t a t a d i s t a n c e o f 50 cm.
0.693 x d/HVL 0.693 x 67/14 h'eakening f a c t o r : s = e = e 27.6
Am-241
40 mm
15 mm
0.8 mm I
0.13 mm
--
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210 mm
110 mm
29 mm
14 mm
9 mm
A x k x T 370 x 0.365 x 0.5 Rad ia t i on dose: 0 - = 9 .8 ~ S V -
a2 x s 0.52 x 27.6
Cs- 137
180 mm
90 mm
22 mrn
7 mm
6 mm
The maximum p o s s i b l e dose r a t e b o f an Am-Be-241 source w i l l be
Examole: Neutron source Am-Be-241, 300 m C i 5
Neutron emiss ion 7 . 5 x 10 n/s
Dose r a t e i n 1 rn d i s t a n c e
7.5 x 10" 75 ' Fo = - - - - 5.97 n/cm2 x sec
4 fi i/ x 1002 12.56
Depending on t h e degree o f occupat iona l exposure, t h e personnel i s c l a s s i f i e d i n d i f f e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s . ~ h e s e dose r a t e va lues , recommended by i n t e r n a t i o n a l agencies, a re t h e bas i s o f t h e Rad ia t i on P r o t e c t i o n Regu la t ions .
Persons Not Exposed occupation all^
The general p u b l i c must n o t be exposed t o an annual dose exceeding 5 mJ/kg = 5 mSv (0.5 rem).
Persons Exposed occupation all^ - Cateaory B
Persons who a re exposed t o an annual dose of more than 5 mJ/kg = 5 msv (0 .5 rem) b u t l e s s than 15 mJ/kg = 15 mSv (1.5rem) be long t o t h e category 0 . The body doses a r e recorded b u t medical examinat ion i s on l y r equ i red when hand l i ng open r a d i o a c t i v e sources. Please no te t h a t d u r i n g any q u a r t e r t h e body dose must n o t exceed f i f t y percen t o f t h e annual dose.
Fers6ns Exposed Occupa t i ona l l y - Category A
Persons who a re exposed t o an annual dose exceeding 15 mJ/kg = 15 mSv - - (1.5 rem) must be c l a s s i f i e d i n category A. The maximum pe rm iss ib l e r a d i a t i o n dose f o r these persons i s 50 mJ/kg = 50 mSv (5 rem) per annup. The person doses a re t o be determined by means o f o f f i c i a l l y eva luated dosemeters. A medical examinat ion once a year i s mandatory. I n t h i s case, t o o , t h e body dose p e r q u a r t e r must n o t exceed f i f t y percent of t h e annual dose.
Occupat iona l l y exposed persons o f category A must be examined by an au tho r i zed phys i c i an ; o c c u p a t i o n a l l y exposed persons o f category 0 o n l y i f they handle open r a d i o a c t i v e substances. T h i s examinat ion i s repeated once a year. Fu r the r employment i n t h e c o n t r o l area i s on l y permi t ted
<.- a f t e r a c e r t i f i c a t e o f a u t h o r i t y has been granted.
Tabie o f a1 lowed Dose c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
dose i n mSv per year
whole body, head and t r u n k
hands, forearms, f e e t and ank les
N = no t c l a s s i f i e d people A = c l a s s i f i e d people ca tegory A B = c l a s s i f i e d people ca tegory B
Degending on t h e dose t he f o l l o w i n g e f f e c t s may r e s u l t when t h e whole body i s exposed t o r a d i a t i o n f o r a s h o r t term:
Dose I E f f e c t
up t o 0.2 Sv (20 rem)
up t o 1 Sv (100 rern)
up t o 2 Sv (200 rem)
2 - 6 Sv (200-600 rem)
more than 6 Sv (600 rem)
no e f f e c t ev iden t
s l i g h t changes o f the b lood s t r u c t u r e , b u t no ser ious damage i s 1 i k e l y t o occur
r a d i a t i o n hang-over, vomi t ing, s e r i o u s i l l n e s s poss ib le , good chance o f recupera t ion
, i n c rease i n m o r t a l i t y
no chance o f s u r v i v a l
Permanent cxposure t o r a d i a t i o n w i t h even d i s t r i b u t i o n w - i l l cause much l e s s damage, due t o the r e g e n e r a t i v e capac i t y of l i v i n g organisms, b u t
i- may never the less lead t o c h r o n i c i l l n e s s e s , such as leukemia o r cancer. T h i s i s a l s o t he case i f t h e body i s exposed on l y once t o a h i g h dose o f r a a i z t i o n .
Genet ic R e d i a t i o n Darnaee i s caused by changes i n the rep roduc t i ve c e l l s and can l ead t o muta t ions . A lower l i m i t f o r t he p r o b a b i l i t y o f muta t ions cannot be s p e c i f i e d . I n assessing t h i s l i m i t , however, i t i s necessary t o take i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h e n z i u r a l r a d i a t i o n (cosmic and t e r r e s t r i a l r a d i a t i o n ) t o which human beings a re exposed,.and which nay be q u i t e h i g h i n c e r t a i n areas.
The acceptable dose r z t e f o r hand l i ng rad ioac t i v s sourcss has been s p e c i f i e d i n the Rad ia t i on P r o t e c t i o n Regu!atior\s; so t h a t t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f scrnztic damages o r a d d i t i o n a l changes o f t h e gene t i c m a t e r i a l i s low.
Scintillation counter
With this detector flashes of light are generated in a crystal by the radiation received; these flashes are registered at the photo cathode of a photo mu1 tip1 ier and transformed into electrical pulses. The average of these pulses is a measure of the dose rate. Scint'i llation counters have a high detection . efficiency for radiation, but the technical expenses are quite high.
or- quant
scinttllation cr
flash of light
window
photo cathode
dynode system
pulse counter
Construction and arrangement of the detectors for nuclear radiation have to be suited for the detection of the different types and energies of radi~tion with their individual characteristics.
Since the penetrative capacity of alpha and beta-radiation is low, the windows of the detectors have to be thin. Alpha and beta-radiation ionize the gas fi'lling in the ionisation chamber or the counter tube, or stimulate a scintillator to emit light. . .
With gamma-radiation evidence is produced by secondary electrons being directly released across the detector walls, or by stimulating a scintillator.
Neutron-radiation can on1 y be detected indi rectly. Fast neutrons are retarded to thermal energy by means of moderators, (hydrogen nuclei as in water, paraffin or plastics) before being measured by. detectors c,ontaining a strong neutron-absorbing element, such as boron or lithium.
yields much inf orma- t ion when evaluated pro-
Measuring value i s primarily used f o r Subject t o many uncon- subsequent dose tro1,lable error influences; balancing; useless' 1 imited measuring range; f o r immediate cannot be stored.
and a t any time by the user. shor t rneasur ing rafige';
systems with computer connection t o the
energy range (roentgen). Attempts t o improve the measuring sens i t iv i ty and the energy depend,?nce are
The d i f f e r en t kinds of personal dose meter systems
The r 5 s u l t s of a11 measurements and ca l cu la t ions have t o be recorded and k e p t cn f i l e f o r 30 y e a r s , and hi(.t~e t 3 be submitted f o r inspection by t h e supervisory au tha r i t y on request.
11. Shor ten ing t h e Du ra t i on o f Exposure. The t ime (T) has a l i n e a r e f f e c t , i . e , doub l i ng t h e p e r i o d of exposure g ives t w i c e t he r a d i a t i o n dose.
Consequence:
Operat ions c l o s e t o t h e source should be w e l l p lanned, so t h a t t h e t ime o f exposure i n t h e immediate v i c i n i t y o f t h e source i s kep t as s h o r t as poss ib le .
111. Use of S h i e l d i n g w i t h a h i g h weakening f a c t o r (s) which depends i n an exponent ia l f u n c t i o n on t h e product o f t h i c kness and d e n s i t y o f t h e m a t e r i a l . , Apart f rom a few except ions, r a d i o a c t i v e substances used i n i n d u s t r y a l r eady a re i n s t a l l e d i n a s u i t a b l e s h i e l d i n g when de l i ve red .
Consequence:
The s h i e l d i n g i s e f f e c t i v e on ly when t h e s h i e l d i n g f u n c t i o n s p rope r l y and i s handled p rope r l y .
SHIELDING TlME DISTANCE .
Ccmpliance w i t h t h e above w i l l ensure t h a t ope ra t i ng personnel w i l l now become exposed t o a dose which exceeds t h e s p e c i f i e d l i m i t s . I n p r a c t i c a l l y a l l cases, t h e exposure should be below t h e d e t e c t i o n l i m i t o f a f i l m dosemeter.
3 . 3 General Rules o f Behavior
B a s i c a l l y t h e Rad ia t ion P r o t e c t i o n Regulat ions have t o be observed, which s t i p u l a t e t h a t unnecessary exposure t o r a d i a t i o n must be avoided. Consider ing t h e f i e l d o f a p p l i c a t i o n , t he con f i gu ra t i on o f t h e measuring equipment, t ype and s h i e l d i n g o f t h e source used, some r u l e s o f behavior which ensure safe o p e r a t i o n and maintenance o f t h e equipment can be formulated.
When w r i t i n g up s e r v i c e i n s t r u c t i o n s , which should i n c l u d e t h e necessary r u l e s o f behav io r , t h e f o l l o w i n g should be taken i n t o cons ide ra t i on :
- Assembly and disassembly ( t h e r a d i a t i o n pa th o f t h e s h i e l d i n g must remain locked).
- Operat ions i n t h e immediate p r o x i m i t y of the s h i e l d i n g .
- Ensure t h a t t he s h u t t e r o f t h e s h i e l d i n g i s locked i f t h e vessel on which t h e source i s mounted has t o be entered. O r , wi th a dens i t y gauge, removed f r o m t h e p i pe .
- R e s p o n s i b i l i t y for- t h e key o f t h e l o c k o f t h e s h i e l d i n g con ta iner .
3 . 4 Leak Tes t
I f a con ta ine r i n which r a d i o a c t i v e substances have been i n s t a l l e d o r t h e encapsu la t ion o f these substances i s damaged o r corroded, which cou ld adverse ly a f f e c t t h e s e a l i n g o f t h e con ta iner o r t h e cover, t h e s e a l i n g must be checked. Th i s t e s t i s c a r r i e d ou t by t h e o f f i c e appointed by t h e supe rv i so ry a u t h o r i t y .
For t h i s purpose a wipe t e s t i s c a r r i e d ou t and t h e sample i s eva luated w i t h h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e measuring inst ruments.
Tt,e superv iso ry a u t h o r i t y can s t i p u l a t e t h a t these t e s t s are repeated a t f i x ~ d i n t e r v a l s . C e r t i f i c a t e s o f these t e s t s must be f i l e d and submi t ted t o t he a u t h o r i t y on reques t .
4. Rad ia t i on P r o t e c t l o n Sa fe ty
4.1 Safety Measures
When des ign ing t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f r ad iome t r i c measuring systems, t he p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t a f i r e breaks o u t must be considered. Flammable substances must n o t be s t o r e d i n t h e p r o x i m i t y o f r ad i oac t i ve substances. They should be covered and p ro tec ted p rope r l y , so t h a t a poss ib l e spreading o f t h e f i r e t o t he r a d i o a c t i v e sources w i l l be prevented. I t i s mandatory t o coo rd i na te a l l p reven t i ve measures against f i r e w i t h t h e l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s , p r i m a r i l y w i t h t h e f i r e department, which must be in formed about t h e type,,scope and p lace o f a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e r a d i o a c t i v e substances used, I n o rde r t o be prepared I n t h e event of f i r e .
I When des ign ing a larm p lans , p o s s i b l e spec ia l f e a t u r e s o f t h e rad iomet r i c measuring system have t o be mentioned; t h e r a d i a t i o n s a f e t y o f f i c e r t o " . be n o t i f i e d i n t h e event o f an emergency has t o be inc luded i n those p lans as w e l l , and a l s o t h e address and phone number o f t he superv isory a u t h o r i t y .
4.2 Ma l f unc t i ons and Acc iden ts , ,
The Rad ia t i on P r o t e c t i o n Regu la t i ons d e f i n e ma l f unc t i on as an event which f o r s a f e t y reasons p r o h i b i t s c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t he ope ra t i on of t h e f a c i l i t y .
Ma l f unc t i on i ng means, t h a t a dev i ce necessary t o guarantee safe ope ra t i on o f t h e f a c i l i t y , e.g. t h e sea l o f t h e a c t i v e r a d i a t i o n beam of t h e s h i e l d i n g , no l onge r f u n c t i o n s p rope r l y .
i An acc ident i s an event which c o u l d expose persons t o a r a d i a t i o n dose \.- which exceeds t h e p e r m i s s i b l e l i m i t s , o r cou ld .cause contaminat ion by
r a d i o a c t i v e substances.
I n terms o f s a f o t y , ma l f unc t i on i ng an$ acc iden ts a re very se r i ous events and app rop r i a t e s t eps must be t aken immediately, t o prevent dangers f o r persons as w e l l as f o r f a c i l i t i e s , o r t o reduce them 'as much as poss ib l e .
I t i s t h e r e f o r e impo r tan t t h a t t h e personnel i s aware o f p reven t i ve measures and i s prepared f o r p o s s i b l e r i a l f u n c t i o n s o f t he f a c i l i t i e s o r acc iden ts , so t h a t dangerous consequEnces can be avoided as f a r as poss ib l e by a proper r e a c t i o n of t h e personnel .
i n any case, t h e r a d i a t i o n s a f e t y o f f i c e r , who checks the s i t u a t i c n a t s i t s and t akes a i l necessary s teps t o p reven t unnecessary r a d i a t i o n e.up0s:it-e o f t n ? pei-sonnel , has t o be n c t i f i e d immediately. The r a d i a t i o n s a f e t y o f f i c e r k i l l i n f o r m t h e o f f i c i a l a u t h c r i t y concerned, and, i f necessary, ge t f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n f rom t h e manufacturer.
I . , . . , . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . , . . . , , . , , . . . . . . . . , , . . , DEr3 1:3 'PF, o::~~~HM LBB TECH. LIBRkP'i ' 9.2-
I I SECTION 9 GENERAL INFORMATION &Q : 6 K y
MUN CoewlclIim OF THERMAL EXPANSION
An hldn 91 TP sw S.S. An a n d - dTP 921 63. hU hdo dm 347 S.S.
-Nl.Pe-%~cbUb, mI fi-O-*cb WY w
~ e ~ l ; AShfB Se% VIIl. Dlv. Z,lW MIBJiW Brid~rpon Brca C o m ~ ~ y Ahur. h& R.A Mom (Eollrurd hpn, lrcun a Dab) S p b i C&. Pipfnl Iimdbodr, 41hEdldm Cn-r T d a l o w R h w n Nlq hs. Bull& Y1 fM1-76T-12. Cohsi-BullQ N d d B w w olS&rdr hrmrdmd N i d Coupmy Tddym. Wah Qlmg Albmy D.O. Furman. ~ ~ m n a l ul Mavlt
T X R E S U L T REPORT
N A k t : Q A F A C F I N A N C E DEPARTMENT T E L :0974 4773432 D A T E : 0 9 . A P R ' 2 0 0 3 12:41
-- RESULT
OK
L
MODE
G 3 PAGE
001 DATE
0 9 . A P R SESSION
2096
DURATION
0 0 H 0 I 1 0 5 " T I M E
12:40 NO.
01 FUNCTION
T X
D E S T I N A T I O N S T A T I O N
9 4 4 3 0 7 4 0
GENERAL INFORMATION &Q : & h ~ \ - l --
TABLE D-11
MEAN COEFFICIENTS QF THERMAL EXPANSION
C - M I Stl., 1-114 CI-VL Ma & 3 0-1 Mo
7 CrlD Mo & 9 Cr-1 hid
I
All O n d c r of TP 301 S.S. AU Grrdcs of TP 321 S.S.
All Wbs of TP 341 S.S. S e.12 M, 23 Cr.12 Ni k Z Cp20
T i u m ( O R d v r 1,2,3 6tn
Ni-MwCr U y C-276) '
9C-I 0 & 80-20 Chi-Ni
Cr-Ni-Fa-M&h-Cb ( A k y 2Wb) M-Cr-MeCb (Alloy 625)
Rderencer: ASME Seat VIII, Div. 2,1386 Edition Btidgepon Braaa Compuy Airco, Inc. L A , Mom (Collected Phpcrs, Lcwn & Dm) Sabin Cmckcr, Piphg Hbfldbbbk, 4 h Edition Carpenter Technology Hunrington Alloy hc. Bullerin # 1 SM1-76T-42. Cak~-Skll i@ National Buroau of Standards htcrnational Nickel Compmy Tc1cdpc W& Chang Albany D.G. Funnm, Journal of Mtuld
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E
SUBSTITUTE MATERIALS (JIS, BS, DIN) FOR ASTM SPEClFlCATlON
CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Aug 7, 1992 1-1 C S S
CONTENTS
I 0°01 R4
Section
1. Scope
2. Basis
3. Additional Requirements
4. Table
Table 1, Plates
Table 2, Pipes
Table 3, Tubes
Table 4, Forgings
Table 5, Castings
Table 6, Bolts and Nuts
Table 7, Bars and Shapes
Table 8, Piping Fittings
Table 9, Nonferrous Materials
5. Index
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED /
CHlYODA CORPORATION YOKOHAMA, JAPAN
G 0001 E R4
SUBSTITUTE MATERIALS (JIS, BS, DIN) FOR ASTM SPECIFICATION
1. SCOPE
This specification lists the Japanese Standard (JIS, JPI),
British Standard (BS), and Deutshe Industrie Normen (DIN) substi-
tutes for ASTM Specifications relating to materials for plates,
pipes, tubes, forgings, castings, bolts and nuts, bars and shapes,
piping fittings;and nonferrous materials, in general use.
2. BASIS
These substitutes are not necessarily identical to the ASTM Spec-
ifications,,but are equal in terms of alloy content and have a
nearly equal or higher ultimate tensile strength; exceptions to
this are underlined.
3. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
The requirements of the ASTM Specifications not covered by the
substitute specifications are noted in the Tables, with footnotes
given on Section 4.
4. TABLE
Substitute materials are shown in the following Tables 1 to 9.
CHIYOBA CORPORATION YOKOHAMA, JAPAN
Table 1 PLATE
Note (1): Specify mchanical properties, test and inspection in accordance with ASTH.
Note (2): Plates w e r 1-318 Inches (35 mn) in thickness shall be nomlized.
N n t n 1 7 ) . Fnr r n l A m l l d c h o n + a n d e + r i n e t ~ n r n . - r n c ~ n A ; n n C l l C - r D a n d C I I C - r C r + - l r a r r n r d i n n +n 1 T C C d S n C and .l"... \dl. I " l ..u 0 " I v I I-" a8lL-L "ll" aLI . y e "a- CUD 1 CapC*IIU I I 'Y .#".#-"l Yll" .,".,-"., a,.== ,a, a&&", U ,lay LV ,,,a U 74V. l "ll"
G 4307. respectively.
ASrn
A-36
Structural Steel
A-131
8s
4360 Gr 40A (1)
4360 Gr 438
4360-408
4360-408
4360-40E
4360-40E
4360-40E
--- 1449-304531 1501-304515
1501-304512 1449-304511
1501-310524 1449-310524
1501-316516 1449-316531
1501-316512 1449-316511
1501-321512 1449-321531
1501-347517 1449-347531
JIS
G 3101 SS400
G 3106 SH400A
D l H
17100 St44-2
17100 St44-3
17100 St44-3
--- --- --- ---
1744011 XlOCrHiS189
1744011 X5CrNi1810
1744011 XZCrNil9ll
--- ---
1744011 X5CrNiHo17122
1744011 XZCrNiHo17132
1744011 X6CrHiTil810
1744011 X6CrHiNbl810
Structural Steel for Ships
Gr A
Gr 8
Gr CS
Gr D
Gr E
A-167
G 3106 SM400A
G 3106 W O O 8
G 3106 SM4OOCH
G 3106 SH4OOC (2)
G 31% SM400CN
Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chnmium-Hickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Type 302
Type 304
Type 304L
Type 310s
Type 316
Type 316L
Type 321
Type 347
- G 4304 SUS302 (3)
G 4304 SUS304 (3)
G 4304 SUS304L (3)
G 4304 SUS310S (3)
G 4304 SUS316 (3)
G 4304 SUS316L (3)
G 4304 SUS321 (3)
G 4304 SUS347 (3)
ASlll JIS 1
Stainless and Heat Resisting Chranim Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Type 403
Type 405 I 4304 SUS405 Type 410
Type 4105
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, H o l y W e m
Gr A
Heat-Resisting Chmium and Chranium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
I for Pressure Vessels I
Type 304H Type 304L
Type 316 Type 316H Type 316L
I Type 317 Type 317L
SEL 16 Eb 5 17155 15 Eb 3 SEL 16 Ho 5
Note (1): For cold rolled sheet and strip, use corresponding SUS-CP and SUS-CS steels, according to JIS G 4305 and G 4307, respectively. .
Note (2): Recognize lower m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute materials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTH.
1 Arm JIS
v
I Type 321 I G 4304 SUS321 (I)
PAGE 4 OF 36
I Type 321H I ---
( Type 347H I --- ( Type 405 I G 4304 SUM05 (1)
I Type 410 I G 4304 SUS4lO (1)
1 Type 430 I G 4304 5115430 (1)
Corrosion-Resisting Chromium Steel-Clad I
Stainless Chraniun-Nickel Steel- Clad Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Nickel and Nickel-Rase Alloy-Clad Steel Plate
Lw and Internredfate Tensile Strength Carban Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars
I
DIN
Note (1): For cold rolled sheet and strip, use corresponding SUS-CP and SUS-CS steels, according to JIS G 4305 and G 4307, respectively.
Note (2): Specify mchanlcal properties, test and inspection in accordance with ASTM.
ASTn I JIS
CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low-and Intemdiate-Tensi le Strength
G 0001 E R 4
PACE 5 OF 3 6
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-S i 1 icon
Pressure Vessel Plates, A1 loy Steel, Manganese-HolyWem and Manganese-HolyWenm- Nlckel
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chwnium-klybdentnn
Gr 2 Class 1 G 4109 SCMVl
Gr 11 Class 1 Class 2
Gr 21 Class 1 I G 4109 SCMV5
Gr 12 Class 1 Class 2
G 4109 S W 2 G 4109 SMV2
Gr 22 Class 1 Class 2
Gr 9 Class 1 Class 2
G 4109 SW4 G 4109 SW4
Gr 5 Class 1 Class 2
I DIN
G 4109 SW6 G 4109 SW6
Pressure Vessel Plates. Carbon Steel, llrproved Trans l t ion Properties
Pressure Vessel Plates. Carbon Steel, f o r tialerate and Lmr-Terperature Service
Hote (1): Recognize l w r min im temile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute rrraterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTH.
PACE 7 O f 36
Note (1): Recqnize lower m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute rraterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASRI.
Hote (2): Specify mechanical properties, test and inspection in accordance with ASTH.
ASTn
A-533
BS
--- --- --- --- --- ---
1501-224 Gr 490 (1)
---
1449-HR 34/20 (1)
1449-tfR 37/23
1449-HR 37/23
1449-HR 43/25
1449-HR 43/25 (1)
1449-HR 50135
--- --- ---
JIS D I H
--- --- --- --- --- ---
17155 19Hn6 17102 StE355
---
17100 St33
17100 St44-2
17100 St44-2
17100 St44-2
17100 St52-3
17100 St52-3
---
1623.1 St12
---
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Terrpered. Hanganese- Holybdenm and Manganese-HolyWenun-H ickel
Type A Class 1 Class 2
Type B Class 1 Class 2
Type C Class 1 Class 2
G 3120 SQVlA G 3120 SQVlB
G 3120 SQV2A G 3120 SQVZB
G 3120 SQV3A G 3120 SQV3B
A-537
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat- Treated, Carbon-Nanganese- Silicon Steel
Class 1.
Class 2
A-570
Steel, Sheet and Strip, ' Carbon, Hot-Rol led Structural Qua1 ity
Gr 30
Gr 33
Gr 36
Gr 40
Gr 45
Gr 50
A-611
Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rol led, Structural Quality
Gr B
Gr C
Gr D
G 3115 SPV355N
G 3115 SPV450Q
G 3101 SS330
G 3101 SS400
G 3101 SS400
G 3101 ~ ~ 4 0 0 ( 1 )
G 3101 SS490
G 3101 ~ ~ 4 9 0 ( l )
G 3141 SPCC (2)
G 3141 SPCC (2)
G 3141 SPCC (2)
Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Terrperattrres
Grade Haterial P - CH-65 A204 Gr A
CM-70 A204 Gr B
CM-75 A204 Gr C
CHSH-70 A537 CL 1
CMS-75 A299
112 Cr A387 Gr 2 CL 1
5 C r A387Gr5Ct-1
G3454 STPG370 17172 StE210.7
G3454 STPG410 17172 StE240.7
17172 StE290.7
17172 StE320.7
17172 StE360.7
17172 StE385.7
17172 StE445.7TH
17172 StE480.7TH
G3455 STS480
Nete ( I ) : Recqn!ze l m r n!nirrm tensile cr yield strengths of the irnderiined subsiit~is mterials in desigii son- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensfle and yield strengths per ASTM.
Table 3 TUBES
Note (1): Specify seamless.
Note (2): Haxiuum hardness shall be as follcws:
DIH
17175 St35.8
17175 isno7*
17177 St37.8
17177 St42.8
---
17175 St35.8
Note (3): Specify killed steel.
Note (4): Specify electric resistance-welding.
Note (5): Specify cold drawn.
Note (6): Haxiuum hardness shall be Rockwell 872.
8s
3059 HFS32O (2) 3059 CFS320 (2)
---
3059 ERH320 (3) 3059 CEH320 (3)
3059 ERH360 3059 CEU360 (3)
3059 ERH440 (3) 3059 CEH440 (3)
3606 CFS 320 3059 S1 360 (5)(6)
ASTH
A-161
31s
Gr Tl H8 150 HB 137
Item
-Hot 1-01 led tubes -Cold drawn tubes
Carbon Steel HB 137 HB 125
Seamless Low-Carbon and Carbon-MolyWerum Steel Sti 1 1 Tubes for Refinery Service
Low Carbon Steel Tubes
Gr T1
G 3461 ST8340 (1)(2)
G 3462 STBA12 1)(2)(3) G 3467 STFA12 12)
A-178
Electric-Res istance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Hanganese Steel Boiler Tubes
Gr A
Gr C
Gr D
A-179
G 3461 ST8340 (4)
G 3461 ST8410 (4)
---
Seamless Cold-Drawn L w - Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
G 3461 ST8340 (1)(5)(6)
Note (1): Specify seamless.
Note (2): M a x i m hardness s h a l l be Rockwell 877.
Note (3): Specify cold drawn.
Note (4): Haximtm hardness s h a l l be Rockwell 885.
Note (5): M a x i m hardness s h a l l be Rockwell' 889.
Note (6): VcTTuv-Werkstoftblatt
/ISTH
A-192
JIS 8 S
Seamless C a r b n S tee l Boi ler Tubes fo r High-Pressure Serv l ce
G 3461 ~ ~ 3 4 0 (1 ) (2 )
A-199
Seamless Cold-Dram In t e r - M i a t e A1 loy-Steel Heat- Exchanger and Condenser
D I N
3059 HFS 320 2 I21 3059 CFS 320
3059 S1 360 (2) 3059 S2 360 (2 )
3606 CFS 625
3059 S1 629-470 (3)(5) 3059 S2 629-470 (3 ) (5 )
3606 CFS621
3606 CFS622 3059 S1 622-440 (3 ) (4 ) 3059 S2 622-440 (3 ) (4 )
3604 CFS625 ( 4 ) 3604 HFS625 (4) --- 3604 CFS629-470 (5) 3604 HFS629-470 (5 ) 3059 S1 629-470 (5) 3059 52 629-470 (5)
3604 CFS621 (4 ) 3604 HES621 (4 )
3059 S1 622- ?I? ( 4 ) 3604 CFS622 3604 HFS622 (4)
Tubes
Gr T5
Gr T9
Gr T11
Gr 122
A-200
Seamless I n t e d i a t e Alloy-Steel S t i l l Tubes f o r R e f i n e r y S e r v i c e ,
Gr T5
Gr T7
Gr T9
Gr T11
Gr T22
17175 St35.8
Wbl 00712 12CrHo195 (6)
Wbl 109 X12CrM391 (6)
17175 13CrMo44
17175 10CrHo910
Wbl 00712 12CrHo195 (6)
--- Wbl 109 X12CrM391 (6)
17175 13CrHo44
17175 10CrHo910
G 3462 STBA25 ( 3 ) ( 4 )
G 3462 STBA26 (3 ) (5 )
G 3462 STBA23 (3 ) (4 )
G 3462 STBA24 (3 ) (4 )
G 3462 STBA25 (4) G 3467 STFA25 (4 ) ---
G 3462 SWA26 (5) G 3467 STFA26 (5 )
G 3462 STBA23 ( 4 ) G 3467 STFA23 ( 4 )
G 3462 STBA24 (4) G 3467 STFA24 ( 4 )
Arm 1 JIS 1
Seamless Carbon-Holybdenm Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Gr Tla I G 3462 STEM3 I Gr Tlb
A-210
Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Gr A1 1 G 3461 STB410 (1)(4)
Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic A1 loy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
3606 CFS 625 3606 CFS 621 3606 CFS 620 3059 Sl/S2 620 (5)
3606 CFS 304525 3059 CFS304S59 (6) 3606 CFS304S22
DIN
Hbl 00712 12Crtlo195 (7) 17175 13Crflo44 17175 13Crflo44
Note (1): Specify seamless.
Note (2): H a x i m hardness shall be Rockwell 880.
Note (3): Haxinum hardness shall be Rockwell 881.
Note (4): Haximrm hardness shall be Rockwell 879.
Note (5): kim hardness shall be Rockwell 885.
Note (6): Haximum hardness shall be Rockweil 890.
Note (7): VdTiiv-Werkstoftblatt
CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Note (1): Specify electric resistance-welding.
Note (2): M a x i m hardness shall he Rockwell 872.
Note (3): Haximrm hardness shall he Rockuell B90.
lectric-Resistance-Welded arbon Stee 1 Heat-Exchanger nd Condenser Tubes
G 3461 STB340 (1)(2)
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes for High-Pressure Service
G 3461 STB340 (l)(2)
Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger,
30~9-ERH304~59 (31 --- --- ---
3059-Gi316~59 (3) ---
3059 KH321~59 (3)
3059-01H347s59 (3)
and Cordenser Tubes
T P W TP 304H - TP 3a4L
TP 309
TP 310
TP 316 TP 316H TP 316L
TP 321 TP 321H
TP 347 TP 3 4 7 ~
17457 X5CrNi1010 --- 17457 X2CrNil9ll
--- ---
17457 X5CrH ill017122 --- 17457 X2CrNiHo17132
17457 X6CrNiTil010 --- 17457 X6CrNiNbl010 ---
G 3463 SUS304 h (3) G 3463 SUS304H TB (3) G 3463 SUS304L TB (3)
G 3463 SUS309S TB (3)
G 3463 SUS31OS TB (3)
G 3463 SUS316 TB (3) G 3463 SUS316H TB (3) G 3463 SUS316L TB (3)
G 3463 SUS321 TB (3) G 3463 SUS321H TB (3)
G 3463 SUS347 TB (3) G 3463 S U S ~ ~ ~ H TB (3)
ASM JIS
A-268
Seamless and Helded Ferritic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
TP 410 G 3463 SUS410 TB (I)
TP 430 G 3463 SUM30 TB (2)
Seamless and Helded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubirg for General Service
TP 321
TF' 347
Seamless Austenitic Chranium Nickel Steel Still Tubes for Refinery Service
DIN
Note (1): Maxim hardness shall be Rockwell 895.
Note (2): Maxim hardness shall be Rockwell 090.
Note (3): Specify seamless.
Note (4): M a x i m carhn content shall be 0.21%.
Note (1): Max im hardness sha l l be Rockwell 885.
Note (2): Haxirnrm hardness sha l l be Rockwell 090.
DIM
17173 TTSt35N 17174 TTSt35M
17173 10Ni14
SEW680 TTSt45N
17173 X8Ni9
ASTH
A-334
J IS BS
3603 CEW410 LT50 3603 CFS410 LT50 3603 ERW410 LT50 3603 HFYIlO LT50
3603 CFS503 LTlOO (2) 3603 HFS503 LTlOO (2)
3603 CEW410 LT50 (2) 3603 CFS410 LT50 (2) 3603 ERW410 LT50 2) 3603 HlS4lO LT5O t 2 ) 3603 CFS509 LT196 (2) 3603 HFS509 LT196 (2)
Seamless and Welded Carbon and A1 loy-Steel Tubes f o r Low-Terrperature Service
G r 1
G r 3
G r 6
G r 8
G 3464 STBL380 (1)
G 3464 STBL450 (2)
---
G 3464 STBL690 (2)
Table 4 FORGINGS
I ASTH I JIS
Forgings, Carbon Steel. for Piping Carportents
G 3202 SFVCZA
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpse Piping
I Class 60 I G 3202 SFVCl
Class 70 G 3202 SFVCZA
Forged or Rolled A1 loy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Tenperature Service
G 3203 SFVAFllA
Note (1): Recognize lower m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute mterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTM.
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Pressure Vessel Carponents
ASTH
A-226
Class 1 ( G 3202 SFVCl
JIS
Class 2
Class 4
Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Pressure and High- Terrperature Parts
Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels
Refer to A-182
Forgings, Carbon and Low- Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Caoponents
Class 1 I 3202 SFVC2B
LFl
LF2
Class 2 I G 3204 SFVq2A
G 3205 SFLl
G 3205 SF12
Steel Forgings. Carbon and Alloy. Quenched and Terrpered, for Pressure Vessel Carponents
Class 3
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
G 3204 SFVqlA
Refer to A-182
1640 WLO 1503-221-490 ( I )
Note (1): Specify Irrpact Test requirement per ASTM.
Note (2): Specify heat treatmnt and mechanical properties per ASTM.
Refer to A-182
Note (1): Specify carbon, mnganese, or silicon contents in accordance with ASTM.
CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Note (2): Recognize lower m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute raterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTM.
DIN
1681 GS-38 (2)
1681 GS-45
1681 GS-52
1692 GTS-35-10
1692 GTS-35-10 (2)
1691 GG-15 1691 GG-20
1691 GG20 (2) 1691 (36-25
1691 GG-30 1691 GG-30 (2)
1691 GG-35 --- ---
1691 GG-15
1691 GG-25
1691 GG-30
CASTINGS
BS
3100 Steel A1
---
3100 Steel A2
6681 835-12
---
1452 Gr 150 1452 Gr 180
1452 Gr 220 1452 Gr 260
1452 Gr 300 1452 Gr 300 (2)
1452 Gr 350 1452 Gr 400
---
1452 Gr 180
1452 Gr 260
1452 Gr 300
Arm
A-27
Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
Gr 60-30
Gr 65-35
Gr 70-36
A 4 7
Ferritlc Halleable lron Castings
Gr 32510
Gr 35018
A 4 8
Gray lron Castings
Class 20 Class 25
Class 30 Class 35
Class 40 Class 45
Class 50 Class 55
Class 60
A-126
Gray lron Castings for Valves, Flanges and Pipe Fittings
Class A
Class 8
Class C
Table 5
JIS
G 5101 SC410
G 5101 SC450
G 5101 S C W
G 5702 FMB340
G 5702 FaZB360
G 5501 FC150 G 5501 FC200
G 5501 FC200 0) % 5501 FC250
G 5501 FC300 G 5501 FC300 (2)
G 5501 FC350 --- ---
G 5501 FC200
G 5501 FC250
G 5501 FC300
I M T M I JIS I
HCC
Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Terrperatme Service
Steel Castings, Kartensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Tenperature Service
W C A
WCB
I Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-ChmniumHickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
G 5151 SCPHl
G 5151 SCPH2
G 5122 SCH 2 I G 5122 SCH 11
G 5122 SCH 17 G 5122 SCH 12
G 5122 SCH 13 G 5122 SCH 18
G 5122 SCH 22 or 21 ( G 5122 SCH 19
DIN
Gr KT Gr HU
17245 GS-22W
17245 GS-17Cm55
17245 GS-18Cr3910
SEW 595 GS-12Cr3195
SEW 595 GS-X12CrtlolOl
G 5122 SCH 15 G 5122 SCH 20
Note (1): Test and inspect the product in accordance with MTM, except for the chemical analysis and mchanical properties of the steel.
Note (2): Specify carbon, manganese, or silicon contents in accordance with MTM.
Note (3): Specify elongation in accordance with ASTM.
1 ASM I JIS 1 BS I Dl H I
Halleable Iron Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valve Parts for Railroad, brine, and Other Heaw Dutv Service at
Steel Castings, Austenitic, for High-Tenperature Service
Gr CF3 (18Cr-8til) I G 5121 SCS19A (I)
Gr C F M (1Cr-1OHi-mo)l G 5121 SCSl4A (1)
Gr CF8 (18Crmi)
Gr CFBA (18Crai)
Gr CF8C (2OCr-1OHi-Cb)
G 5121 SCS13A
--- G 5121 SCS21 (I)
Note (1): Test and inspect the product in accordance with ASTH, except for the chemical analysis and mchanical properties of the steel.
Gr CHlO (25Cr-13Hi)
Gr CH20 (25Cr-13Hi)
Hote (2): Recognize l w r m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute mterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTU.
G 5121 SCS17 (1)(2)
G 5121 SCS17 (1)(3)
Note (3): Specify mechanical properties, test and inspection in accordance with ASTM.
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martens it ic, for Pressure- Containing Parts Suitable for LW-Terrperature Service
1 ASTH
Ferritlc Ductile Iron Pressure- Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Terrperatures
JIS ES DIH
LCE
LC1 (C-~/~HO)
Steel Castings, Chromium- Nickel-Iron Alloy Castings (25-12 Class), for High- Terrpera t ure Service
G 5122 SCH13 (3)
G 5152 SCPLl
G 5152 SCPLll
Casting, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
Note (1): Test and inspect the product in accordance with ATTH, except for the chemical analysis and mchanical properties of the steel.
Note (2): Specify ferritizing heat treatmnt, chemical requirerent and mchanical properties, except for tensile and yield strengths.
Note (3): Specify mechanical properties, test and inspection in accordance with ASTH.
Note (4): Recognize lover minlnum tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute mterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTH.
Note (I): Specify elongation in accordance with ASTH.
Note (2): Recognize lwer mlninum tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute materials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTM.
DI H
---
1693 GGG-50
1693 GGG-60
1693 GGG-70
17445 G-X20Cr14
---
---
---
17445 G-X6CrHi189
17445 G-X5CrH iHbl89
17445 G-X6CrH iHol810
- -- --- --- ---
ASR4
A- 536
Ductile Iron Castings
Gr 60-40-18
Gr 65-45-12
Gr 80-55-06
Gr 100-70-03
A-743
Note (3): Test and inspect the product in accordance with ASTH, except for the chemical analysis and mchanical properties of the steel.
JIS
G 5502 FCD450
G 5502 FCD500 (1)
G 5502 FCD600 (1)
G 5502 FCD700 (1)
BS
2789 Gr 420112
2789 Gr 50017
2789 Gr 60013 (2)
2789 Gr 700/2 (2)
3100-41OC21 (2)
1504-42OC29 3100-420C29
1504-304C12 3100-304C12
1504-316C12 3100-316C12
1504-3MC15 3100-304C15
1504-347C17
1504-316C16 3100-316C16
--- 3100-309C30
--- 1504-332C11
Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chmniurn-Nickel, Hickel Base, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
Gr CA-15
Gr CA-40
Gr CF-3
Gr CF-3H
Gr CF-8
Gr CF-8C
Gr CF-8H
Gr CF-20
Gr CH-20
Gr M-20
Gr CH-7H
G 5121 SCSl (3)
G 5121 SCS2 (3)
G 5121 SCS19A (3)
G 5121 SCS16A (3)
G 5121 SCS13A (3)
G 5121 SCS21 (3)
G 5121 SCS14A (3)
G 5121 SCSl2 (3)
G 5121 SCSl7 (3)
G 5121 SCSl8 (3)
G 5121 SCS23 (3)
G 0001 E R 4 CHlYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Table 6 BOLTS AND NUTS
I AXlH I JIS 1 BS
A1 loy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Haterials for H igh-Temperature Service
Carbon and A1 loy Steel Huts for Bolts for High-Pressure and H igh-Tenperatme Service
Carbon Steel Externally Threaded Standard Fasteners
Note (1): Specify heat treatment and mchanical properties per ASTM.
Hote (2): Specify A.Sl?i dimensional t - e q u i m n t s , tolerances and inspect ion.
Note (3): Specify mgchanical properties, t e s t and inspection in accordance wlth ASTM.
Hote (4): Test a d inspect the product in accordance with MTH, except f o r the chanica! a n a l ~ s i s and ~ c h a n i c a l properties of the s tee l .
[ , ~ s m I JIS 1
High-Strength Bolts fo r Structural Steel Joints
Alloy Steel Boltfng Haterfals for Lw-Terrperature Service
Quenched and Tapered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs; and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
Gr L7 (Cr-Ho)
Gr L43 (Ni-Cr-Ho)
Gr 88 (304 str.hd.)
Bolting Materials, High- Terrperature, 50 to 120 KSI (345 t o 827 KPa) Yield Strength, with Expansion Coefficients Ccrrparable t o Austenitfc Steels
G 4107 SNB7
G 4103 SNCtl439
G 4303 SUS304 (2)
Gr 660 Class A h B (14Cr-24Hi) I ---
Gr 651 Class A h B (19Cr-9Hi)
Note (1): Specify lrrpact Test r e q u i m n t per ASTM.
Note (2) : Specify A.YlH dimnsional r e q u i r m n t s , tolerances and inspectfon.
Table 7 BARS AND SHAPES
G 4303 SUS420 J1 17440 X20Cr13
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-bought, Special
G 4051 S20C
G 4051 S25C
G 4051 S30C
G 4051 S35C
G 4051 S40C
G 4051 S45C
D e f o m d and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcemnt
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special
G 3101 SS330
17100 St52-3
G 3101 SS490 4360 Gr 55C or 50A (1) 17100 St52-3
4360 Gr 55C or (1)
Note (1): ~ecogniz= lwer m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute rraterials in design con- sideration, or specify miniri tensile and jiield strengths pr ASTH.
Table 8 PIPING FITTINGS
Pip ing F i t t i n g s of Wrough
f o r Moderate and Elevated
B 2312 PT410 B 2313 PT410W
B 2312 PT480 B 2313 PT480W
B 2312 PA12 B 2313 PAl2W
B 2312 PA25 B 2313 PA25W
B 2312 PA26
UP11 ( l - l /4~r-1/2~)
UP12 ( l~ r - l /~k)
~ 2 2 (~- l /~~r- l tb)
A-403
B 2313 PA26U
B 2312 PA23 B 2313 PA23U
B 2312 PA22 B 2313 PA22W
B 2312 PA24 B 2313 PA24W
1640 UP11
---
1640 UP22
Hrought Aus ten i t i c Stainless Steel P ip ing F i t t i n g s
---
---
---
8
1640-UP304
--- 1640-UP304L
1640-UP316
--- 1640-UP316L
1640-UP321
--- 1640-UP347
---
UP 304 (18Cr-8Hi)
UP 304H(18Cr-8Hi)
UP 304L (1ECr-Mi)
UP 316 (16Cr-12Hi-2b)
UP 316H (16Cr-12Hi-2Ho)
UP 316L (16Cr-1Wi-2Ho)
UP 321 (18Cr-1OHi-Ti)
UP 321.H (18Cr-1ONi-Ti)
UP 347 (18Cr-1ONi-Cb)
UP 347H (1ECr-1ONi-Cb)
---
--- ---
---
--- ---
---
---
---
---
82312 SUS304 82313 SUS304W
82312 SUS304H
82312 SUS304L 82313 SUS304LW
82312 SUS316 B2313 SUS316U
82312 SUS316H
82312 SUS316L 82313 SUS316LW
82312 SUS321 82313 SUS321W
82312 SUS321H
82312 SUS347 82313 SUS347W
82312 SUS347H
Piping Fittings of h g h t Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Terrperature Service
B 2312 PL450 El 2313 PL45OW
B 2312 PL380 B 2313 PL380W
El 2312 PL690
Table 9 NONFERROUS MATERIALS
ASTH
PIPE - P I 2
Seamless Copper Pipe, Standards Sizes
0-43
Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sf zes
El65
Hfckel-Copper A1 loy Seamless Pipe and Tube
NO4400
5167
Hickel-Chrunium-Iron Alloys Seamless Pipe and Tube
NO6600
5337
Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Pipe
Gr 1 Gr 2 Gr 3 Gr 7
8-407
Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Seamless Pipe and Tube
N08800 H08810 --
0 4 6 6
Seamless Copper-H ickel Pipe and Tube
C70600 C71500
JIS
H3300 C1020
f l - -- H3300 C4430 6~
LL -. /'
H4552 HCUl
64903 NCF600TP e
H4630 TTP28 H4630 llP35 H4630 llP49 ---
64903 HCF 800TP 64903 NCF 800HTP 64903 HCF 825TP
H3300 C7060 H3300 C7150
BS
2871-C103
---
3074
---
--- --- --- ---
--- --- ---
2871-CHI02 2871-CN107
DIN
1787 OF-Cu
17671 CuZnl5
---
---
17850 Ti1 17850 Ti2 17850 Ti3
, _ _ _ - -- ---
17664 CuNilOFelHn 17664 CuN i30MnlFe
DIN
17664 CuNllOFelHn 17664 CuN i30HnlFe
---
1705 G-CuSn5ZnPb
Arm
w Welded Copper-N lckel
C70600 C71500
W H 6 S
6-61
Steam or Valve Bmnze Castings
6-62
Ccaposltlon Bronze or Ounce Metal Castlngs
JIS
H3320 C7060 H3320 C7150
H5111 BC7
H5111 BC6
BS
2871-CN102 2871-CN107
1400-LG4
1400-LG2
5 . INDEX
Number Page Number Page Number Page
A- 524 A-533 A-536 A-537 A-541 A-570 A-576 A-587 A-611 A-615 A-662 A-671 A-672 A-675 A-691 A-743 B-42 B-43 B- 61 B-62 B-165 B-167 B-337 B-407 B-4'66 B-467 API 5L*
* For reference
Carbon-Hanganese, for Moderate and Lower Terperature Service
G 3126 S W 2 5 (1)(2) 17102 EStE315
17102 EStE355
Note (1): Specify Ilrpact Test requirement per ASM.
Note (2): Recognize lcmer m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute mterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASM.
CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Table 2 PIPE
Note (1): Speci fy carbon, manganese, o r s i l i c o n contents i n accordance w i t h ASTM.
ASTH
A-53
Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless
Type F
G r A
G r B
A-106
Note (2): Recognize lower m i n i m t e n s i l e o r y i e l d strengths o f the under l ined s u b s t i t u t e materials i n design con- s idera t ion , o r spec i fy m i n i m t e n s i l e and y i e l d strengths per ASTM.
J IS
G 3452 SGP
G 3454 STPG370
G 3454 STPG410
B S
1387
3601 ERW 360 S 360
3601 ERW 410 S 410
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe f o r High-Terrperature
DIN
1615 St33
1626 St37.0 1629 St37.0
1626 St44.0 1629 St44.0
3602 HFS360 3602 CFS360
3602 HFYllO 3602 CFS410
3602 HFS460 3602 CFS460
3602 SAW410 3601 SAW410 ---
--- 3602 SAW410 3601 SAW410
Service
G r A
G r B
G r C
A-134
Pipe. Steel, E l e c t r i c - Fusion (Arc)-Welded (S tzes NPS 16 and Dver)
Ha te r i a l
A 283 G r A - D
A 285 G r A - C
A 570 G r 30 - 40
A 36
17175 St35.8
17175 St45.8
17175 St45.8
--- --- --- ---
G 3456 STPT370
G 3456 STPT410
G 3456 STPTW
G 3457 STPY400
G 3457 STPY400 (1)
G 3457 STPY400 (1)(2)
G 3457 STPY400
Note (1): Specify electric resistance-welding.
G 0001 E R 4 CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Note (2): Recognize lower m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute materials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTM.
Note (3): Specify carbon. manganese. or silicon contents in accordance with ASTH.
Arm
A-135
Electric-Resistance- Welded Steel Pipe
Gr A
Gr 8
A-139
Electric-Fusion (Arc)- Welded Steel Pi (HPS 4 and w e r r
G r A - E
A-211
Spiral-Welded Steel or Iron Pipe
A 570 Gr 30-45
A 570 Gr 50
A-312
Seamless and Welded . Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
TP 304 (18Cr-Mi) TP 304H (18Cr-Mi) TP 304L (18Cr-mi)
TP 309 (23Cr-12Hi)
TP 310 (25Cr-20Ni)
TP 316 (16Cr-12Hi-W) TP 316H (16Cr-12Ni-2Mo) TP 316L (16Cr-12Ni-240)
TP 321 (18Cr-1ONi-Ti)
TP 321H (18Cr-12Hi-Ti)
TP 347 (1BCr-1ONi-Cb) TP 347H (18Cr-1OHi-Cb)
BS
3601 ERH360
3601 ERW410
3602 SAW410 (2) 3601 SAW410 (2)
3602 SAW 410 (2) 3601 SAW 410 (2)
3602 SAW 460 (2)
3605-304S18,S25 3605-304559 3605-304S14,S22
--- ---
3605-316518, S26 3605-316559 3605-316S14,S22
3605-321S18,S22
3605-321S59
3605-347518,517 3605-347559
JIS
G 3454 STPG370
G 3454 STPG410
G 3457 STPY400 (2)(3)
G 3457 STPY4OO (2)(3)
---
G 3459 SUS304TP G 3459 SUS304HTP G 3459 SUS304LTP
G 3459 SUS309STP
G 3459 SUS310STP
G 3459 SUS316TP G 3459 SUS316HlP G 3459 SUS316LTP
G 3459 SUS321TP
G 3459 SUS321HTP
G 3459 SUS347TP G 3459 SUS347H TP
DIN
1626 St37.0
1626 St44.0
---
---
---
17457158 X5CrNi1810 --- 17457158 X2CrNi1911
--- ---
17457158 WCrNiHo17122 17459E X6CrN it401713 17457158 X2CrNiHo17132
17457158 X6CrHiTil810
SEW470 X12CrN iTil89
17457158 X6CrNiNbl810 ---
Hote (1) : Recognize lcmer m i n i m t e n s i l e o r y i e l d s t rengths of the under1 ined s u b s t i t u t e materials in design con- s ide ra t ion , o r specify m i n i m t e n s i l e and y ie ld s t rengths per ASTH.
Note (2): Vdliiv-Werkstoftblatt
DIN
17173 TTSt35H 17174 TTSt35H
17173 10Hi14
S01680 llSt45N
17173 XBHi9
17175 1 5 t l o ~
Wbl 00712 12CrMo195 (2)
Hbl 109 X12Crtb91 (2)
17175 13Crflo44
17175 13Crflo44
17175 lOCrflo910
ASlH
A-333
Seamless and Helded Steel Pipe f o r Low- Terrperature Service
Gr 1
Gr 3 (3-1/2~1)
Gr 6
Gr 8 (9Ni)
A-335
Seamless F e r r i t i c Alloy- Steel Pipe f o r High- Terrperature Service
Gr P 1 (c-l/$io)
Gr P5 (5~r-1l~Mc1) -
Gr P9 (9Cr-1Ho)
Gr PI1 (1-1/4~r-1/2tb)
Gr PI2 ( l ~ r - l l ~ ~ o )
Gr P22 ( ~ - l / ~ ~ r - l t b )
J IS
G 3460 STPL3BO
G 3460 STPL450
---
G 3460 STPL690
G 3458 STPA12
G 3458 STPA25
G 3458 STPA26
G 3458 STPA23
G 3458 STPA22
G 3458 STPA24
BS
3603-CFS410 LT50 3603-HFS410 LT50 3603-ERH410 LT50 3603-CEW410 LT50
3603-HFS503 LTlOO 3603-CFS503 LTlOO
3603-CFS410 LT50 3603-HFS410 LT50 3603-ERW410 LTSO 3603-CEH410 LT50
3603-HFS509 LT196 3603-CFS509 LT196
---
3604 CFS625 (1) 3604 HFS625 (1)
3604-CFS629-470 (1) 3604-HFS629-470' (1)
3604 CFS621 3604 HFS621
3604 CFS620-460 (1) 3604 HFS620-46b (1)
3604 CFS622 3604 HFS622
G 0001 E R 4 CHIYODA STANDARD SPECIFICATION
Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitlc Chranium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High- Terrperature Service
I
1 Material I 304 A240, Type 304 304L A240, Type 304L
316 A240, Type 316 316L A240, Type 316L
1 347 A240, Type 347 1
Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Tenperature Central-Station Service
Welded Large D i m t e r Austenltic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High- Tenperature Service
JIS
3605 LWHT 304518 3605 LWHT 304514
3605 LWHT 316518 3605 LWHT 316514
3605 LWHT 321518
3605 LWHT 347518
-
Note (1): Specify seamless.
Note (1): Specify electric resistance-welding.
Note (2): H a x i m carbon content shall be 0.15%.
Note (3): Specify Inpact Test r e q u i m n t per ASM.
DIN
SEW680 lTSt4l ---
1626 St37.0
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --a
--- ---
0s
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
AZW
A-524
JIS/JPI
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Amspheric and L w r Tarperatlrres
Gr 1 Gr 1 1
A-587
Electric-Welded Lm-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical Industry
A-611
G 3454 STPG370 (l)(2)
Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Aimspheric and L m r Tenperatures
Grade Haterial -- CA55 A285 Gr C CB60 A515 Gr 60 CB65 A515 Gr 65 CB70 A515 Gr 70 CC60 A516 Gr 60 CC65 A516 Gr 65 ,
CD70 A537 CL 1 . CE55 A442 Gr 55 CE60 A442 Gr 60 CF70 A203 Gr B CF71 A203 Gr E a 7 5 A299
-- JP1 - W 2 JPI-SB46 JPI-SB49 31-SLA.240 (3) JPI-SW3B (3) ---
--- 31 -SPV24 --- JPI-SL3N28 ---
Note (1): Specify Irrpact Test r e q u i m n t per ASTM.
Hote (2): Recognize 1- m i n i m tensile or yield strengths of the underlined substitute mterials in design con- sideration, or specify m i n i m tensile and yield strengths per ASTM.
ASTM
A-672
B S
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
JIS/JPI DIN
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-pressure Service at W e r a t e Terrperatures
Grade Material -- A55 A285 Gr C
855 A515 Gr 55 860 A515 Gr 60 865 A515 Gr 65 870 A515 Gr 70
C55 A516 Gr 55 C60 A516Gr60 C65 A516 Gr 65 C70 A516 Gr 70
D70 A537 CL 1
E55 A442 Gr 55 E60 A442 Gr 60
L65 A204 Gr A L70 A204 Gr B L75 A204 Gr C
H75 A299
JPI-SB42
--- JPI-S542 JPI-SB46 JPI-S849
JPI-G~B JPI-SLA338 ---
--- ---
JPI -SPV24
JPI-W6M JPI-SB49M (2) ---
---