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A N A I R P O W E R M A G A Z I N ELOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICS COMPANY FIRST QUARTER 2007

EDITOREric Hehs

MANAGING EDITORCatherine Blades

ASSOCIATE EDITORJeff Rhodes

ART DIRECTORStan Baggett

VICE PRESIDENT, COMMUNICATIONSMary Jo Polidore

EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT,LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATIONPRESIDENT, AERONAUTICS COMPANYRalph D. Heath

PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTIONSSend name, address, and $20 for a one-year subscription (four issues) to PO Box 5189, Brentwood, TN 37024-5189.Foreign subscriptions are $30 (US).Some back issues are available.

ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERSSend correspondence to Code One Magazine,Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company,PO Box 748, Mail Zone 1503, Fort Worth, TX 76101Editorial office phone number: 817-777-5542E-mail: [email protected] address: www.codeonemagazine.comFax: 817-777-8655Distribution information: 888-883-3780

RESTRICTION NOTICEThis publication is intended for information only.Its contents neither replace nor revise anymaterial in official manuals or publications.Copyright © 2007 Lockheed Martin Corporation.All rights reserved. Permission to reprint articles orphotographs must be requested in writing from theeditor. Code One is a registered trademark ofLockheed Martin Corporation. Code One is publishedquarterly by Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company.ISSN 1071-3816 A06-18724

A N A I R P O W E R M A G A Z I N E

VOLUME 22 NUMBER 1

FIRST QUARTER 2007WWW.CODEONEMAGAZINE.COM

Code One Magazine starts its twenty-second year of production this year. It began as a customer support publication in 1986 and remains true to those origins today. As editor, I can think of no better way to celebrate those beginnings, those first twenty-one years, and those customers than with an issue devoted to cockpits of aircraf t designed and built by Lockheed Martin and its heritage companies. Pilots, after all, constitute a large, important portion of our readership.

The exclusive photo of the F-35 Lightning II cockpit on the cover of our second quarter 2006 issue inspired us to compile this collection. The ar t ic le accompanying that photo noted how the F-35 cockpit starkly illustrates advances in combat f ighter aircraf t. The observation holds true for other aircraft types as well. Every cockpit shown here represents the state of the ar t for its time.

The first and second aircraf t featured, the F-35 and t he pos t-Wo r l d Wa r I M B-2 bomber, bookend this collection. Subsequent pages show a w ide a r r a y o f f i g h t e r s , bombers, and transport aircraft produced between these two extremes. We finish the collection with another exclusive image—the first released photo of an operational F-22 with the displays energized. The pilot in this particular cockpit holds the high ground in terms of air dominance, so concluding with the Raptor is fitting.

Where we could, we tried to show advances within a single aircraf t type by placing cockpit images on opposing pages. The switches and analog gauges of the YF-16 look oddly primitive bes ide t he f la t pane l co lor d isp lays of t he Block 60 F-16E. But the two share the advances that made the F-16 ahead of its t ime: sidestick con t ro l l e r, head-up d i sp lay, t h i r t y-degree seatback angle, and frameless bubble canopy. The Block 60 takes these advances to new levels of pilot-vehicle integration with additional features, inc luding n ight v is ion-compat ib le light ing, helmet-mounted displays, and head-steered sensors.

Similarly, the C-130J Super Hercules cockpit features flat panel color displays that provide much more information than its predecessors. Night vision-compatible lighting and two head-up displays as primary flight instruments are two of many other improvements that increase the capability of this latest version of the C-130.

Many of the photos in this collection were taken specifically for this special issue of Code One. Photojournalist John Rossino, Associate Editor Jeff Rhodes, and I were given special access to get these pilot’s-eye perspectives. I had the unique pleasure of climbing into the belly of a Consolidated PBY Catalina hanging from the ceil ing of the Nat iona l Museum of Nava l Av iat ion to t ake the photo on page six. Squeezing through the

innards of the B-24 Liberator and the B-36 Peacemaker to get to their cockpits was memorable as well.

With these memories in mind, the Code One s t a f f sends a spec ia l thank you to the volun-teers and s taf f at the N a t i o n a l M u s e u m o f

the US Air Force at Wright-Pat terson AFB in Dayton, Ohio, and at the National Museum of Naval Aviat ion on NAS Pensacola, Flor ida, for their assistance in capturing many of these images. We encourage readers to visit these great institu-tions to view these aircraf t—from the outside, anyway—in person. Thanks also to Vinny Devino, whose career designing aircraft cockpits spanned more than forty years, and to Ken Thomas, who served as the F-22 cockpit integrated product team manager. They provided insight into the design behind the historic cockpits.

We also invite readers to provide addit ional photos and insights on Lockheed Martin legacy cockpits. We plan to post additional images on www.codeonemagazine.com.

Enjoy,

Editor

Left to right: Eric Hehs, John Rossino, and Jeff Rhodes

1First Quarter 2007

The F-35 Lightning II is a

multinational, multiservice,

single-pilot fighter designed

with first-day-of-the-war,

precision all-weather strike

capability. This highly

survivable fighter will be

built in three variants—

conventional takeoff and

landing, short takeoff/

vertical landing, and carrier-

based. Overall, the F-35

cockpit is a generation

beyond preceding aircraft,

as large liquid crystal touch-

screen displays feature

color-coded symbology,

pictographs, and digital

information. Also, the

head-up display has been

replaced by a helmet-

mounted display as the

primary flight reference.

The complexity of missions,

sensors used, and weapons

employed make this

fifth–generation cockpit

necessary. Advanced

technology makes it possible.

F-35L I G H T N I N G I IFIFTH-GENERATION FIGHTER

2 Code One

MB-2The MB-2 was the first US-designed bomber to be procured in quantity. Gen. William (Billy) Mitchell used the MB-2 in

July 1921 to sink three ships in tests off the Virginia Capes. The trials, which included sinking the captured German

battleship Ostfriesland and the former USS Alabama, demonstrated the concept of aerial bombardment and highlighted

the vulnerability of naval vessels to attack from the air. The cockpit reflected early 1920s technology. The large control

wheel was the result of the completely manual, unboosted cable and pushrod control systems of the era. The open

cockpit had no windscreen.

3First Quarter 2007

F-111The F-111 Aardvark fighter-bomber is the world’s first operational aircraft with variable geometry, or swing, wings.

Born in controversy, the F-111 proved to be one of the best all-weather interdiction aircraft ever built. On 15 April 1986,

this F-111 led the US Air Force portion of Operation El Dorado Canyon, the retaliatory raid against Libya in response to

that country’s state-sponsored terrorism. The crew module escape system, in which the entire cockpit is ejected, led

to the side-by-side crew arrangement. The weapons systems officer in the right seat has a control stick, but limited

flight instruments.

A A R D V A R K

4 Code One

749The Constellation was a highly versatile commercial airliner and military transport aircraft, regarded by many

aviation enthusiasts as one of the most beautiful aircraft ever built. The Model 749, the fifth major Constellation

variant, was specifically designed for transoceanic airline operations. It served as the basic airframe design for

President Dwight Eisenhower’s VC-121B and the Navy’s two PO-1Ws, the first airborne early warning aircraft. The cockpit

reflects technology typical for military and civilian transports of the period with dedicated displays and indicators and

a center console dominated by engine controls. The large elevator trim wheel indicated unboosted cable controls.

C O N S T E L L A T I O N

MODEL

5First Quarter 2007

C-5MThe C-5M Super Galaxy is the product of two major C-5 modification programs: the Avionics Modernization Program, or

AMP, and the Reliability Enhancement and Re-engining Program, or RERP. The complementary modifications to the C-5

are expected to extend the life of the fleet until 2040 and save the US government more than $49 billion in operations

and sustainment costs over the remaining life of the aircraft. The AMP modification replaces the earlier analog avionics

in the Galaxy with a commercially available digital suite along with an integrated architecture that allows for upgrades.

The RERP modification includes new engines and more than seventy other system and aircraft upgrades.

S U P E R G A L A X Y

6 Code One

PBYC A T A L I N A

The PBY Catalina was the primary flying boat operated by Allied forces in World War II, serving on all fronts around

the world. It was used for long-range scouting and anti-submarine patrols, convoy escort, search and rescue missions,

and bombing operations. It is the world’s most produced and most widely used seaplane. This Catalina is the only

non-amphibious PBY-5 known to exist. Mission durations of up to twenty hours were routine and could be extended

to twenty-four hours and were limited only by crew fatigue. Engine and propeller controls were mounted overhead to

provide the shortest cable routing to the engines.

7First Quarter 2007

P-3Two variants of the P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft are flown by US Customs and Border Protection, the nation’s

first line of defense in the war on illegal drug trafficking. The agency’s airborne warning and control and long-range

tracker aircraft detect drug smugglers and coordinate with other assets. They act as the on-scene commanders when

a smuggler is stopped and arrested. Both types of Customs P-3s have digital cockpit instrumentation similar to a

737-800 commercial airliner. The pilot has a monitor that repeats images from radar scopes monitored by sensor

operators stationed aft of the cockpit.

O R I O N

8 Code One

P-38The P-38 Lightning was

a twin-engine, high-

performance fighter flown by

US Army Air Corps pilots in

every theater in World War II.

With its unusual twin tail

booms and counter-rotating

propellers, the P-38 is one

of the most well-known and

recognized aircraft in history.

The Germans nicknamed it

der Gabelschwanz Teufel, or

“the fork-tailed devil.” The

top two American aces of

all time, Majs. Dick Bong

(forty victories) and Thomas

McGuire (thirty-eight

victories), both flew P-38s

in the Southwest Pacific. An

unusual feature is the pilot’s

control yoke, which was not

typical in other US fighters

of the period.

L I G H T N I N G

9First Quarter 2007

F-104S T A R F I G H T E R

The F-104 Starfighter was

the first operational fighter

capable of sustained speeds

above Mach 2. Known as

“the missile with a man in

it,” the Starfighter was also

the first aircraft to hold

simultaneous world records

for speed, altitude, and time

to climb. Most Starfighters

built were flown by thirteen

Allied countries. This aircraft

was used to win the 1962

William Tell fighter weapons

meet held at Tyndall AFB,

Florida. Early versions of the

F-104 had side-opening

canopies and downward-

firing ejection seats, which

were thought to be required

to avoid the aircraft’s vertical

T-tail during an ejection.

10 Code One

KC-130FThe US Marine Corps evaluated the C-130 as a tanker in 1957, just three years after the Hercules was first flown.

In 1963, this KC-130F was used to make twenty-nine touch-and-go landings and twenty-one full-stop landings on the

USS Forrestal (CVA-59) without arresting gear to test the feasibility of a large carrier onboard delivery aircraft. After

a forty-two year career, including service in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq, it was retired in 2005. The cockpit layout

is typical for the late 1950s, with the center of the instrument panel dominated by engine instruments and controls,

although this cockpit shows that it was modified over its service career.

H E R C U L E S

11First Quarter 2007

C-130JS U P E R H E R C U L E S

The infusion of technology in the flight deck of the C-130J Super Hercules airlifter reduces crew and operations costs

and increases reliability and performance. The Super Hercules features dual head-up displays; a 1553B data bus

architecture; digital avionics; four color multifunction liquid crystal displays compatible with night vision imaging

systems; autothrottles and dual autopilots; dual mission computers; an integrated diagnostics system; an integrated

communications/navigation system with dual GPS and inertial navigation systems; color weather/ground mapping radar;

and a color, digital moving map display. Newer technology allows a cleaner cockpit than earlier C-130s.

12 Code One

A-12The A-12 was the secret, Mach 3+, high-altitude, long-range follow-on to the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. It was

developed for the CIA under the code name Oxcart. The A-12 was a technological leap—in aerodynamics, engines,

cameras that worked at altitudes above 90,000 feet, fuels, pilot life-support systems, materials, and manufacturing.

The radar scope at the top of the instrument panel required a hood so the single pilot could view the reconnaissance

imagery in daylight. The physical limitations of the pilot’s full pressure suit and helmet account for the placement of

the attitude indicator high on the panel.


S-3V I K I N G

Although designed as the US Navy’s last dedicated carrier-based anti-submarine warfare aircraft, the S-3 Viking

became a jack-of-all-trades platform, taking on carrier onboard delivery, fleet tanker, electronic surveillance,

and precision attack roles. On 1 May 2003, this Viking served as the first-ever Navy One, being used to fly

President George W. Bush to the USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) for a televised speech. The overall external visibility

afforded the crew was excellent and provided the basis for subsequent military standards (MIL-STD-850) for this class

of aircraft. The Viking picked up the nickname “Hoover” for the unique sound of its engines when taxiing.

14 Code One

UAVD E S E R T H A W K

Desert Hawk is the flying

portion of the Force

Protection Airborne

Reconnaissance System.

It has a fifty-two inch

wingspan and carries

one-pound payloads aloft

for extended periods.

The aircraft, powered by

an electric motor, acts

as a flying sentry, quietly

surveying large areas with

three internally mounted

video cameras and an

infrared imaging system.

It is linked real-time to

a ground station. Flight

paths are set through

a laptop computer, but

the aircraft navigates

autonomously. An

“orbit here now” button

immediately sends

Desert Hawk into a

circular flight pattern and

simultaneously trains

the cameras to the center

of the orbit.


T-50G O L D E N E A G L E

The T-50 Golden Eagle is

the supersonic advanced

jet trainer now in service

with the Republic of Korea

Air Force. The Golden Eagle

was developed through a

partnership between the

South Korean government,

Korea Aerospace Industries,

and Lockheed Martin.

The aircraft is the first new

dedicated supersonic

trainer in more than two

decades. The cockpit

features hands-on throttle

and sidestick, electronic

flight instruments and color

multifunction displays,

head-up display, GPS/INS

navigation, embedded

training capabilities,

in-flight recording and a

post-mission debriefing

capability. All of these

features combine to ease

the transition from trainer

to modern fighters, such as

the F-16 or F-22.

16 Code One

AM-1M A U L E R

The AM-1 Mauler was one

of the first aircraft designs

for the US Navy to combine

the two mission roles of

scout/dive bomber and

torpedo bomber after

World War II. The Mauler,

powered by a 3,000 hp

engine, lived up to its

nickname by carrying four

20 mm cannons and having

fifteen hardpoints under

the wings and fuselage for

munitions. Often referred

to as “Able Mabel” from

the type’s designation, the

Mauler featured a relatively

standard cockpit for the

period. The AM-1 was

difficult to land and kept

even the most experienced

pilots on their toes.


F-117N I G H T H A W K

The F-117 is the world’s first operational stealth aircraft. Through a combination of faceted surfaces, advanced materials,

and other technologies, the Nighthawk is virtually undetectable to radar. With precision weapons, the F-117 can destroy

heavily defended, high-value targets with impunity. Essentially designed by electrical engineers, the F-117 is inherently

unstable and stays airborne through a sophisticated flight control system. The original cockpit design used many off-

the-shelf components, such as F/A-18 displays. A complete set of standby flight instruments is included as a backup.

Plastic glareshield extensions are used to minimize instrument reflections on the flat canopy side panes.

18 Code One

F-102D E L T A D A G G E R

The F-102 Delta Dagger was

the world’s first supersonic

all-weather interceptor,

the US Air Force’s first

operational delta wing

aircraft, and the first fighter

with air-to-air missiles as

its primary armament. At

peak deployment in the mid

1950s, more than twenty-

five squadrons operated the

F-102. This particular Delta

Dagger was among the first

Air Force aircraft to intercept

a Soviet Tu-20 “Bear”

bomber over the Arctic

Ocean. The basic cockpit

layout is dominated by the

radar display that required

the pilot to lean forward

and place his head against

the rubber boot to read. A

unique feature of this design

was the double-headed

stick grip.


F-106D E L T A D A R T

The F-106 Delta Dart was

the US Air Force’s last

dedicated interceptor.

The ground-based

semiautomatic ground

environment defense system

allowed the Delta Dart to

be flown automatically from

wheels up on takeoff to

landing flareout. In 1970,

this aircraft entered an

uncontrollable flat spin over

Montana during which the

pilot ejected. The aircraft

amazingly recovered, circled,

and made a gentle belly

landing. It was repaired and

flown again. With a relatively

roomy cockpit, the F-106

was the first US Air Force

fighter to employ vertical

scale flight instruments. The

sensor display was relocated

lower on the instrument

panel in later versions.

20 Code One

U-2AThe original U-2 was a reconnaissance aircraft designed to operate in the thin atmosphere above 55,000 feet where

it could obtain hard intelligence into Soviet activities by penetrating Soviet airspace with impunity. It was designed

and built in complete secrecy at the height of the Cold War. U-2 pilots provided undeniable proof that no missile and

bomber gap existed between the United States and the USSR. The yoke-configured cockpit, while unusual for a

single-seat aircraft, was needed to allow the pilot easy reach while wearing a full pressure suit. Early U-2s had no

ejection seat.


U-2SD R A G O N L A D Y

The second-generation U-2, originally designated U-2R, is based on the original U-2 design but is approximately

one-third larger. After a gap of twelve years, the production line was reopened in 1980 for a second production run.

Updated continuously over its career, the U-2Rs received new engines, a new electrical generation system, and a digital

autopilot in the late 1990s and were redesignated U-2S. The current Reconnaissance Avionics Maintainability Program,

or RAMP, replaces the 1960s-vintage cockpit design with three multifunction displays, an upfront control and display

unit, and an independent secondary flight display system, showing how technology can unclutter a cockpit.

22 Code One

B-26M A R A U D E R

The B-26 Marauder medium bomber was ordered directly off the drawing board in 1939. Despite troubled

development, the B-26 went on to a stellar career in World War II, primarily in Europe and the Mediterranean. It had

the lowest loss rate of any Allied bomber, less than one-half of one percent. Marauder crews flew more than 110,000

sorties and dropped more than 150,000 pounds of bombs. The absence of an instrument panel for the co-pilot,

along with a side-mounted yoke, provided access to the forward compartment for the nose gunner and bombardier.

The displays were centrally mounted so the co-pilot could see them.


B-58H U S T L E R

The B-58 Hustler was the

first supersonic bomber put

into production and the first

bomber capable of reaching

Mach 2. On 5 March 1962,

this Hustler won the twenty-

first and last Bendix Trophy

transcontinental race. Called

Operation Heatrise, the

aircraft was flown from

Los Angeles to New York in

two hours and fifty-six

seconds at an average

speed of more than 1,200

mph. The three-man crew

sat in tandem. The pilot’s

instrument grouping was

constrained by the

aircraft’s narrow fuselage.

The B-58 featured a unique

ejection system that

encapsulated the individual

crew member prior to

ejection in an emergency.

24 Code One

YF-16L I G H T W E I G H T F I G H T E R

The YF-16 was the precursor to today’s F-16 multirole fighter. It originated in the US Air Force’s Lightweight Fighter

technology demonstration program of the mid 1970s that emphasized low cost and high performance. Two YF-16

prototypes were flown. The aircraft won the Air Combat Fighter competition over the YF-17 in 1975. While the cockpit

instrumentation is basic and analog, the YF-16 introduced the head-up display, reclined ejection seat to improve

pilot g-tolerance, and sidestick controller. It also featured a hands-on throttle and stick philosophy that allows pilots

to focus their attention on the tactical situation outside the aircraft instead of on switches inside the aircraft.


F-16F I G H T I N G F A L C O N

Over its career, the F-16 Fighting Falcon—or Viper, as it is more commonly known—has been continuously updated.

Nowhere are those changes more evident than in the cockpits of the latest generation of F-16s, the Block 50/52+, and

particularly the Block 60 version shown here. The latest F-16 cockpits feature color multifunction displays and lighting

compatible with night vision systems. Onboard computers process information from sensors and off-aircraft sources and

present information to the pilot with straightforward graphics. Still, the cockpit retains many features that made the F-16

revolutionary from the beginning, including a frameless bubble canopy, hands-on throttle and sidestick switch controls,

a thirty-degree seatback angle for increased g tolerance, and a head-up display.

26 Code One

TV-2S H O O T I N G S T A R

The TV-2 Shooting Star was

the US Navy’s two-seat

training version of the P-80

Shooting Star fighter. The

need for a trainer became

apparent early in the P-80’s

development. Known first as

the TP-80 and then as the

T-33 in Air Force service,

this aircraft was used to

train thousands of pilots

in the US and for more

than twenty international

operators. The T-33 was

manufactured in the United

States, Canada, and Japan.

The TV-2s were adequate for

jet familiarization, but were

not suitable for operational

training aboard carriers.

TV-2s later served in

several utility roles.

Typical for a trainer, the

cockpit instrumentation

is straightforward and

designed to teach students

the basics of flying.


NT-33S H O O T I N G S T A R

The NT-33 was a T-33

trainer modified as an

inflight simulator. It used a

three-degree-of-freedom,

response-feedback flight

control stability system

to mimic the handling

characteristics of other

aircraft. Over its forty-year

career, the NT-33 was used

to perform flying qualities,

cockpit display, control stick,

and flight control design

tests for a number of

aircraft, including the X-15,

X-24, A-10, F-15, YF-16,

YF-17, F/A-18, F-117,

and the YF-22. The

systems in the NT-33

were continually updated,

progressing from vacuum

tubes and analog

electronics to digital

processors and a

programmable head-up

display. The cockpit is a

hybrid of every generation

of jet cockpits.

28 Code One

B-24L I B E R A T O R

The B-24 Liberator was a long-range heavy bomber that saw service in every theater of World War II. The Liberator was

more widely used, had longer range, and carried a larger bomb load than the more well known B-17. In six years, more

B-24 bombers were built than any other American combat aircraft in history. In addition, the B-24 offered more cockpit

room than the B-17. The unusual through-the-panel control yoke imposed limits on instrument placement. This B-24D,

nicknamed Strawberry Bitch, was flown on fifty-nine combat missions from Libya and Tunisia in 1943 to 1944 with the

512th Bombardment Squadron.


B-36“P E A C E M A K E R”

The B-36 was the world’s first true intercontinental bomber. Designed in 1941 to strike European targets from

North America when it seemed Britain might fall to Germany, the B-36 could carry an 86,000-pound payload and had

an 8,800-mile range. The unofficially nicknamed “Peacemaker” served as America’s airborne nuclear deterrent through

the 1950s. This B-36J made the type’s last flight on 30 April 1959. The expansive paneled canopy provided excellent

exterior visibility. The flight engineer was tasked primarily with monitoring the “six turning and four burning” engines,

that is, six radial engines turning pusher propellers and four underwing jet engines.

30 Code One

F-80S H O O T I N G S T A R

The F-80 was the first US

Air Force aircraft to exceed

500 mph in level flight

and the first American jet

built in quantity. Originally

designated P-80, the

nomenclature was changed

in 1948 when the P-for-

pursuit designation was

dropped. The Shooting Star

was the victor in the world’s

first all-jet air battle when

Lt. Russell Brown shot down

a MiG-15 on 8 November

1950. This aircraft is one of

the few remaining Shooting

Stars to see combat in

Korea. The bubble canopy

provided excellent visibility

to the pilot, though the

forward view was dominated

by the optical sight.


C-141S T A R L I F T E R

The C-141 StarLifter was the world’s first turbofan-powered transport. StarLifter crews participated in every military

and nearly every humanitarian operation on every continent for four decades. On 12 February 1973, this aircraft, then

a C-141A, was flown to Hanoi, North Vietnam, in the first mission of Operation Homecoming, the repatriation of former

American prisoners of war. Most of the C-141s were stretched to carry more cargo and redesignated C-141B. Starting in

1997, sixty-three aircraft, including this one, received an autopilot and cockpit upgrade, which included glass cockpit

instrumentation, a GPS-enhanced navigation system, and an all-weather flight control system. These upgraded aircraft

were then redesignated C-141Cs.

32 Code One

F-22The F-22 is quite simply the most sophisticated fighter built. By every measure, the Raptor, the world’s first fifth-

generation fighter, represents breakthroughs in maneuverability, stealth, and sensor fusion. The aircraft’s design is a

balance of increased speed and range, enhanced offensive and defensive avionics, and greatly reduced observability.

The F-22 will provide air dominance for the US and its allies for the next forty years. This cockpit is the first true

glass cockpit with no standby mechanical gauges and only minimal dedicated controls on the console panels.

Superior external visibility is provided by a canopy that is the largest piece of formed polycarbonate ever made.

R A P T O RFIFTH-GENERATION FIGHTER

Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman/ BAE Systems F-35 Lightning II

Type: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: Service entry expected in 2012Photographer/Location: Tom Harvey/Lockheed Martin, Fort Worth, Texas

Martin MB-2Type: Bomber (Heavy)In Service: 1921–1928Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

General Dynamics F-111 AardvarkType: Fighter (Long-Range Interdiction)In Service: 1967–1996Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Lockheed Model 749 ConstellationType: Airliner/TransportIn Service: 1947–1967 (Individual Connies are still being flown today.)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Burbank, California

Lockheed Martin C-5M Super GalaxyType: Transport (Strategic)In Service: Scheduled for 2008 (C-5M)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/Marietta, Georgia

Consolidated PBY CatalinaType: Maritime Patrol/RescueIn Service: 1936–1957 (Individual Catalinas are still being flown today.)Photographer/Location: Eric Hehs/National Museum of Naval Aviation

Lockheed P-3 (US Customs and Border Protection Airborne Early Warning)

Type: Maritime Patrol/Drug InterdictionIn Service: 1984–Present (US Customs and Border Protection)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/Greenville, South Carolina

Lockheed P-38 LightningType: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: 1941–1949Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Lockheed F-104 StarfighterType: Fighter (Interceptor, Primarily)In Service: 1958–2004 (US Air National Guard service ended in 1975; Italy operated the Starfighter from 1964–2004.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force)

Lockheed KC-130F HerculesType: Tanker/Transport (Tactical)In Service: 1960–Present (KC-130F)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation

Lockheed Martin C-130J Super HerculesType: Transport (Tactical)In Service: 1999–PresentPhotographer/Location: John Rossino/Marietta, Georgia

PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTIONSSend name, address, and $20 for a one-year subscription (four issues) to PO Box 5189, Brentwood, TN 37024-5189.Foreign subscriptions are $30 (US).Some back issues are available.

ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERSSend correspondence to Code One Magazine,Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company,PO Box 748, Mail Zone 1503, Fort Worth, TX 76101Editorial office phone number: 817-777-5542E-mail: [email protected] address: www.codeonemagazine.comFax: 817-777-8655Distribution information: 888-883-3780

RESTRICTION NOTICEThis publication is intended for information only.Its contents neither replace nor revise anymaterial in official manuals or publications.Copyright © 2007 Lockheed Martin Corporation.All rights reserved. Permission to reprint articles orphotographs must be requested in writing from theeditor. Code One is a registered trademark ofLockheed Martin Corporation. Code One is publishedquarterly by Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company.ISSN 1071-3816 A06-18724

Lockheed A-12Type: Reconnaissance (Strategic)In Service: 1964–1968 (Declared operational in late 1964; actual career spanned 1967-68)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Burbank, California

Lockheed S-3 VikingType: Carrier-Based Multimission (ASW/Tanker/Surface and Precision Attack)In Service: 1974–Present (Expected US Navy retirement date in 2009)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation

Lockheed Martin Desert HawkType: Reconnaissance Unmanned Aerial VehicleIn Service: 2002–PresentPhotographer/Location: Doug Clement/Eagan, Minnesota

Korean Aerospace Industries T-50 Golden Eagle

Type: Trainer (Supersonic)In Service: 2005–PresentPhotographer/Location: KAI/Sacheon, South Korea

Martin AM-1 MaulerType: Attack (Carrier-Based Torpedo Bomber)In Service: 1948–1953Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation

Lockheed F-117 NighthawkType: Attack In Service: 1983–PresentPhotographer/Location: Denny Lombard/Palmdale, California

Convair F-102 Delta DaggerType: Fighter (Interceptor)In Service: 1956–1979 (US Air National Guard service ended in 1977; Turkey’s last aircraft was retired in 1979.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Convair F-106 Delta DartType: Fighter (Interceptor)In Service: 1959–1988Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Lockheed U-2AType: High-Altitude ReconnaissanceIn Service: 1956–1989 (The last early-model aircraft, a U-2C was flown by NASA for many years; US Air Force/ CIA use ended in 1968.)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Burbank or Oildale, California

Lockheed U-2S Dragon LadyType: High-Altitude ReconnaissanceIn Service: 1969–PresentPhotographer/Location: Denny Lombard/Palmdale, California

Martin B-26 MarauderType: Bomber (Medium)In Service: 1942–1948Photographer/Location: Eric Hehs/National Museum of the US Air Force

Convair B-58 HustlerType: Bomber (Medium)In Service: 1960–1970Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

General Dynamics YF-16 Lightweight Fighter

Type: Fighter Technology DemonstratorIn Service: 1978–Present (F-16)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Fort Worth, Texas

Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting FalconType: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: 2005–Present (F-16E/F)Photographer/Location: Tom Harvey/Fort Worth, Texas

Lockheed TV-2 Shooting StarType: Trainer In Service: 1948–1987 (The last Air National Guard aircraft was retired in 1987; some international operators are still flying T-33s in a limited role.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation

Lockheed NT-33 Type: Research and DevelopmentIn Service: 1957–1997Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Consolidated B-24 LiberatorType: Bomber (Heavy)In Service: 1941–1968 (USAAF service ended in 1945, although a limited number of aircraft saw service with the Indian Air Force until 1968.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Consolidated B-36 “Peacemaker”Type: Bomber (Strategic)In Service: 1948–1959Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Lockheed F-80 Shooting StarType: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: 1945–1975 (US Air National Guard service ended in 1961; Uruguay operated its last F-80s until 1975.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Lockheed C-141 StarLifterType: Transport (Strategic)In Service: 1965–2006Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force

Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 RaptorType: Fighter (Air Dominance)In Service: 2005–PresentPhotographer/Location: John Rossino/Marietta, Georgia

For additional information on these aircraft, go to www.codeonemagazine.com

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