2007-1
DESCRIPTION
A N LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICS COMPANY FIRST QUARTER 2007 A SSOCIATE E DITOR Jeff Rhodes A DDRESS A ND P HONE N UMBERS P ERSONAL S UBSCRIPTIONS R ESTRICTION N OTICE M ANAGING E DITOR Catherine Blades A RT D IRECTOR Stan Baggett E DITOR Eric Hehs Left to right: Eric Hehs, John Rossino, and Jeff Rhodes Send name, address, and $20 for a one-year subscription (four issues) to PO Box 5189, Brentwood, TN 37024-5189. Foreign subscriptions are $30 (US). Some back issues are available. Enjoy, EditorTRANSCRIPT
A N A I R P O W E R M A G A Z I N ELOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICS COMPANY FIRST QUARTER 2007
EDITOREric Hehs
MANAGING EDITORCatherine Blades
ASSOCIATE EDITORJeff Rhodes
ART DIRECTORStan Baggett
VICE PRESIDENT, COMMUNICATIONSMary Jo Polidore
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT,LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATIONPRESIDENT, AERONAUTICS COMPANYRalph D. Heath
PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTIONSSend name, address, and $20 for a one-year subscription (four issues) to PO Box 5189, Brentwood, TN 37024-5189.Foreign subscriptions are $30 (US).Some back issues are available.
ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERSSend correspondence to Code One Magazine,Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company,PO Box 748, Mail Zone 1503, Fort Worth, TX 76101Editorial office phone number: 817-777-5542E-mail: [email protected] address: www.codeonemagazine.comFax: 817-777-8655Distribution information: 888-883-3780
RESTRICTION NOTICEThis publication is intended for information only.Its contents neither replace nor revise anymaterial in official manuals or publications.Copyright © 2007 Lockheed Martin Corporation.All rights reserved. Permission to reprint articles orphotographs must be requested in writing from theeditor. Code One is a registered trademark ofLockheed Martin Corporation. Code One is publishedquarterly by Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company.ISSN 1071-3816 A06-18724
A N A I R P O W E R M A G A Z I N E
VOLUME 22 NUMBER 1
FIRST QUARTER 2007WWW.CODEONEMAGAZINE.COM
Code One Magazine starts its twenty-second year of production this year. It began as a customer support publication in 1986 and remains true to those origins today. As editor, I can think of no better way to celebrate those beginnings, those first twenty-one years, and those customers than with an issue devoted to cockpits of aircraf t designed and built by Lockheed Martin and its heritage companies. Pilots, after all, constitute a large, important portion of our readership.
The exclusive photo of the F-35 Lightning II cockpit on the cover of our second quarter 2006 issue inspired us to compile this collection. The ar t ic le accompanying that photo noted how the F-35 cockpit starkly illustrates advances in combat f ighter aircraf t. The observation holds true for other aircraft types as well. Every cockpit shown here represents the state of the ar t for its time.
The first and second aircraf t featured, the F-35 and t he pos t-Wo r l d Wa r I M B-2 bomber, bookend this collection. Subsequent pages show a w ide a r r a y o f f i g h t e r s , bombers, and transport aircraft produced between these two extremes. We finish the collection with another exclusive image—the first released photo of an operational F-22 with the displays energized. The pilot in this particular cockpit holds the high ground in terms of air dominance, so concluding with the Raptor is fitting.
Where we could, we tried to show advances within a single aircraf t type by placing cockpit images on opposing pages. The switches and analog gauges of the YF-16 look oddly primitive bes ide t he f la t pane l co lor d isp lays of t he Block 60 F-16E. But the two share the advances that made the F-16 ahead of its t ime: sidestick con t ro l l e r, head-up d i sp lay, t h i r t y-degree seatback angle, and frameless bubble canopy. The Block 60 takes these advances to new levels of pilot-vehicle integration with additional features, inc luding n ight v is ion-compat ib le light ing, helmet-mounted displays, and head-steered sensors.
Similarly, the C-130J Super Hercules cockpit features flat panel color displays that provide much more information than its predecessors. Night vision-compatible lighting and two head-up displays as primary flight instruments are two of many other improvements that increase the capability of this latest version of the C-130.
Many of the photos in this collection were taken specifically for this special issue of Code One. Photojournalist John Rossino, Associate Editor Jeff Rhodes, and I were given special access to get these pilot’s-eye perspectives. I had the unique pleasure of climbing into the belly of a Consolidated PBY Catalina hanging from the ceil ing of the Nat iona l Museum of Nava l Av iat ion to t ake the photo on page six. Squeezing through the
innards of the B-24 Liberator and the B-36 Peacemaker to get to their cockpits was memorable as well.
With these memories in mind, the Code One s t a f f sends a spec ia l thank you to the volun-teers and s taf f at the N a t i o n a l M u s e u m o f
the US Air Force at Wright-Pat terson AFB in Dayton, Ohio, and at the National Museum of Naval Aviat ion on NAS Pensacola, Flor ida, for their assistance in capturing many of these images. We encourage readers to visit these great institu-tions to view these aircraf t—from the outside, anyway—in person. Thanks also to Vinny Devino, whose career designing aircraft cockpits spanned more than forty years, and to Ken Thomas, who served as the F-22 cockpit integrated product team manager. They provided insight into the design behind the historic cockpits.
We also invite readers to provide addit ional photos and insights on Lockheed Martin legacy cockpits. We plan to post additional images on www.codeonemagazine.com.
Enjoy,
Editor
Left to right: Eric Hehs, John Rossino, and Jeff Rhodes
1First Quarter 2007
The F-35 Lightning II is a
multinational, multiservice,
single-pilot fighter designed
with first-day-of-the-war,
precision all-weather strike
capability. This highly
survivable fighter will be
built in three variants—
conventional takeoff and
landing, short takeoff/
vertical landing, and carrier-
based. Overall, the F-35
cockpit is a generation
beyond preceding aircraft,
as large liquid crystal touch-
screen displays feature
color-coded symbology,
pictographs, and digital
information. Also, the
head-up display has been
replaced by a helmet-
mounted display as the
primary flight reference.
The complexity of missions,
sensors used, and weapons
employed make this
fifth–generation cockpit
necessary. Advanced
technology makes it possible.
F-35L I G H T N I N G I IFIFTH-GENERATION FIGHTER
2 Code One
MB-2The MB-2 was the first US-designed bomber to be procured in quantity. Gen. William (Billy) Mitchell used the MB-2 in
July 1921 to sink three ships in tests off the Virginia Capes. The trials, which included sinking the captured German
battleship Ostfriesland and the former USS Alabama, demonstrated the concept of aerial bombardment and highlighted
the vulnerability of naval vessels to attack from the air. The cockpit reflected early 1920s technology. The large control
wheel was the result of the completely manual, unboosted cable and pushrod control systems of the era. The open
cockpit had no windscreen.
3First Quarter 2007
F-111The F-111 Aardvark fighter-bomber is the world’s first operational aircraft with variable geometry, or swing, wings.
Born in controversy, the F-111 proved to be one of the best all-weather interdiction aircraft ever built. On 15 April 1986,
this F-111 led the US Air Force portion of Operation El Dorado Canyon, the retaliatory raid against Libya in response to
that country’s state-sponsored terrorism. The crew module escape system, in which the entire cockpit is ejected, led
to the side-by-side crew arrangement. The weapons systems officer in the right seat has a control stick, but limited
flight instruments.
A A R D V A R K
4 Code One
749The Constellation was a highly versatile commercial airliner and military transport aircraft, regarded by many
aviation enthusiasts as one of the most beautiful aircraft ever built. The Model 749, the fifth major Constellation
variant, was specifically designed for transoceanic airline operations. It served as the basic airframe design for
President Dwight Eisenhower’s VC-121B and the Navy’s two PO-1Ws, the first airborne early warning aircraft. The cockpit
reflects technology typical for military and civilian transports of the period with dedicated displays and indicators and
a center console dominated by engine controls. The large elevator trim wheel indicated unboosted cable controls.
C O N S T E L L A T I O N
MODEL
5First Quarter 2007
C-5MThe C-5M Super Galaxy is the product of two major C-5 modification programs: the Avionics Modernization Program, or
AMP, and the Reliability Enhancement and Re-engining Program, or RERP. The complementary modifications to the C-5
are expected to extend the life of the fleet until 2040 and save the US government more than $49 billion in operations
and sustainment costs over the remaining life of the aircraft. The AMP modification replaces the earlier analog avionics
in the Galaxy with a commercially available digital suite along with an integrated architecture that allows for upgrades.
The RERP modification includes new engines and more than seventy other system and aircraft upgrades.
S U P E R G A L A X Y
6 Code One
PBYC A T A L I N A
The PBY Catalina was the primary flying boat operated by Allied forces in World War II, serving on all fronts around
the world. It was used for long-range scouting and anti-submarine patrols, convoy escort, search and rescue missions,
and bombing operations. It is the world’s most produced and most widely used seaplane. This Catalina is the only
non-amphibious PBY-5 known to exist. Mission durations of up to twenty hours were routine and could be extended
to twenty-four hours and were limited only by crew fatigue. Engine and propeller controls were mounted overhead to
provide the shortest cable routing to the engines.
7First Quarter 2007
P-3Two variants of the P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft are flown by US Customs and Border Protection, the nation’s
first line of defense in the war on illegal drug trafficking. The agency’s airborne warning and control and long-range
tracker aircraft detect drug smugglers and coordinate with other assets. They act as the on-scene commanders when
a smuggler is stopped and arrested. Both types of Customs P-3s have digital cockpit instrumentation similar to a
737-800 commercial airliner. The pilot has a monitor that repeats images from radar scopes monitored by sensor
operators stationed aft of the cockpit.
O R I O N
8 Code One
P-38The P-38 Lightning was
a twin-engine, high-
performance fighter flown by
US Army Air Corps pilots in
every theater in World War II.
With its unusual twin tail
booms and counter-rotating
propellers, the P-38 is one
of the most well-known and
recognized aircraft in history.
The Germans nicknamed it
der Gabelschwanz Teufel, or
“the fork-tailed devil.” The
top two American aces of
all time, Majs. Dick Bong
(forty victories) and Thomas
McGuire (thirty-eight
victories), both flew P-38s
in the Southwest Pacific. An
unusual feature is the pilot’s
control yoke, which was not
typical in other US fighters
of the period.
L I G H T N I N G
9First Quarter 2007
F-104S T A R F I G H T E R
The F-104 Starfighter was
the first operational fighter
capable of sustained speeds
above Mach 2. Known as
“the missile with a man in
it,” the Starfighter was also
the first aircraft to hold
simultaneous world records
for speed, altitude, and time
to climb. Most Starfighters
built were flown by thirteen
Allied countries. This aircraft
was used to win the 1962
William Tell fighter weapons
meet held at Tyndall AFB,
Florida. Early versions of the
F-104 had side-opening
canopies and downward-
firing ejection seats, which
were thought to be required
to avoid the aircraft’s vertical
T-tail during an ejection.
10 Code One
KC-130FThe US Marine Corps evaluated the C-130 as a tanker in 1957, just three years after the Hercules was first flown.
In 1963, this KC-130F was used to make twenty-nine touch-and-go landings and twenty-one full-stop landings on the
USS Forrestal (CVA-59) without arresting gear to test the feasibility of a large carrier onboard delivery aircraft. After
a forty-two year career, including service in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq, it was retired in 2005. The cockpit layout
is typical for the late 1950s, with the center of the instrument panel dominated by engine instruments and controls,
although this cockpit shows that it was modified over its service career.
H E R C U L E S
11First Quarter 2007
C-130JS U P E R H E R C U L E S
The infusion of technology in the flight deck of the C-130J Super Hercules airlifter reduces crew and operations costs
and increases reliability and performance. The Super Hercules features dual head-up displays; a 1553B data bus
architecture; digital avionics; four color multifunction liquid crystal displays compatible with night vision imaging
systems; autothrottles and dual autopilots; dual mission computers; an integrated diagnostics system; an integrated
communications/navigation system with dual GPS and inertial navigation systems; color weather/ground mapping radar;
and a color, digital moving map display. Newer technology allows a cleaner cockpit than earlier C-130s.
12 Code One
A-12The A-12 was the secret, Mach 3+, high-altitude, long-range follow-on to the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. It was
developed for the CIA under the code name Oxcart. The A-12 was a technological leap—in aerodynamics, engines,
cameras that worked at altitudes above 90,000 feet, fuels, pilot life-support systems, materials, and manufacturing.
The radar scope at the top of the instrument panel required a hood so the single pilot could view the reconnaissance
imagery in daylight. The physical limitations of the pilot’s full pressure suit and helmet account for the placement of
the attitude indicator high on the panel.
13First Quarter 2007
S-3V I K I N G
Although designed as the US Navy’s last dedicated carrier-based anti-submarine warfare aircraft, the S-3 Viking
became a jack-of-all-trades platform, taking on carrier onboard delivery, fleet tanker, electronic surveillance,
and precision attack roles. On 1 May 2003, this Viking served as the first-ever Navy One, being used to fly
President George W. Bush to the USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) for a televised speech. The overall external visibility
afforded the crew was excellent and provided the basis for subsequent military standards (MIL-STD-850) for this class
of aircraft. The Viking picked up the nickname “Hoover” for the unique sound of its engines when taxiing.
14 Code One
UAVD E S E R T H A W K
Desert Hawk is the flying
portion of the Force
Protection Airborne
Reconnaissance System.
It has a fifty-two inch
wingspan and carries
one-pound payloads aloft
for extended periods.
The aircraft, powered by
an electric motor, acts
as a flying sentry, quietly
surveying large areas with
three internally mounted
video cameras and an
infrared imaging system.
It is linked real-time to
a ground station. Flight
paths are set through
a laptop computer, but
the aircraft navigates
autonomously. An
“orbit here now” button
immediately sends
Desert Hawk into a
circular flight pattern and
simultaneously trains
the cameras to the center
of the orbit.
15First Quarter 2007
T-50G O L D E N E A G L E
The T-50 Golden Eagle is
the supersonic advanced
jet trainer now in service
with the Republic of Korea
Air Force. The Golden Eagle
was developed through a
partnership between the
South Korean government,
Korea Aerospace Industries,
and Lockheed Martin.
The aircraft is the first new
dedicated supersonic
trainer in more than two
decades. The cockpit
features hands-on throttle
and sidestick, electronic
flight instruments and color
multifunction displays,
head-up display, GPS/INS
navigation, embedded
training capabilities,
in-flight recording and a
post-mission debriefing
capability. All of these
features combine to ease
the transition from trainer
to modern fighters, such as
the F-16 or F-22.
16 Code One
AM-1M A U L E R
The AM-1 Mauler was one
of the first aircraft designs
for the US Navy to combine
the two mission roles of
scout/dive bomber and
torpedo bomber after
World War II. The Mauler,
powered by a 3,000 hp
engine, lived up to its
nickname by carrying four
20 mm cannons and having
fifteen hardpoints under
the wings and fuselage for
munitions. Often referred
to as “Able Mabel” from
the type’s designation, the
Mauler featured a relatively
standard cockpit for the
period. The AM-1 was
difficult to land and kept
even the most experienced
pilots on their toes.
17First Quarter 2007
F-117N I G H T H A W K
The F-117 is the world’s first operational stealth aircraft. Through a combination of faceted surfaces, advanced materials,
and other technologies, the Nighthawk is virtually undetectable to radar. With precision weapons, the F-117 can destroy
heavily defended, high-value targets with impunity. Essentially designed by electrical engineers, the F-117 is inherently
unstable and stays airborne through a sophisticated flight control system. The original cockpit design used many off-
the-shelf components, such as F/A-18 displays. A complete set of standby flight instruments is included as a backup.
Plastic glareshield extensions are used to minimize instrument reflections on the flat canopy side panes.
18 Code One
F-102D E L T A D A G G E R
The F-102 Delta Dagger was
the world’s first supersonic
all-weather interceptor,
the US Air Force’s first
operational delta wing
aircraft, and the first fighter
with air-to-air missiles as
its primary armament. At
peak deployment in the mid
1950s, more than twenty-
five squadrons operated the
F-102. This particular Delta
Dagger was among the first
Air Force aircraft to intercept
a Soviet Tu-20 “Bear”
bomber over the Arctic
Ocean. The basic cockpit
layout is dominated by the
radar display that required
the pilot to lean forward
and place his head against
the rubber boot to read. A
unique feature of this design
was the double-headed
stick grip.
19First Quarter 2007
F-106D E L T A D A R T
The F-106 Delta Dart was
the US Air Force’s last
dedicated interceptor.
The ground-based
semiautomatic ground
environment defense system
allowed the Delta Dart to
be flown automatically from
wheels up on takeoff to
landing flareout. In 1970,
this aircraft entered an
uncontrollable flat spin over
Montana during which the
pilot ejected. The aircraft
amazingly recovered, circled,
and made a gentle belly
landing. It was repaired and
flown again. With a relatively
roomy cockpit, the F-106
was the first US Air Force
fighter to employ vertical
scale flight instruments. The
sensor display was relocated
lower on the instrument
panel in later versions.
20 Code One
U-2AThe original U-2 was a reconnaissance aircraft designed to operate in the thin atmosphere above 55,000 feet where
it could obtain hard intelligence into Soviet activities by penetrating Soviet airspace with impunity. It was designed
and built in complete secrecy at the height of the Cold War. U-2 pilots provided undeniable proof that no missile and
bomber gap existed between the United States and the USSR. The yoke-configured cockpit, while unusual for a
single-seat aircraft, was needed to allow the pilot easy reach while wearing a full pressure suit. Early U-2s had no
ejection seat.
21First Quarter 2007
U-2SD R A G O N L A D Y
The second-generation U-2, originally designated U-2R, is based on the original U-2 design but is approximately
one-third larger. After a gap of twelve years, the production line was reopened in 1980 for a second production run.
Updated continuously over its career, the U-2Rs received new engines, a new electrical generation system, and a digital
autopilot in the late 1990s and were redesignated U-2S. The current Reconnaissance Avionics Maintainability Program,
or RAMP, replaces the 1960s-vintage cockpit design with three multifunction displays, an upfront control and display
unit, and an independent secondary flight display system, showing how technology can unclutter a cockpit.
22 Code One
B-26M A R A U D E R
The B-26 Marauder medium bomber was ordered directly off the drawing board in 1939. Despite troubled
development, the B-26 went on to a stellar career in World War II, primarily in Europe and the Mediterranean. It had
the lowest loss rate of any Allied bomber, less than one-half of one percent. Marauder crews flew more than 110,000
sorties and dropped more than 150,000 pounds of bombs. The absence of an instrument panel for the co-pilot,
along with a side-mounted yoke, provided access to the forward compartment for the nose gunner and bombardier.
The displays were centrally mounted so the co-pilot could see them.
23First Quarter 2007
B-58H U S T L E R
The B-58 Hustler was the
first supersonic bomber put
into production and the first
bomber capable of reaching
Mach 2. On 5 March 1962,
this Hustler won the twenty-
first and last Bendix Trophy
transcontinental race. Called
Operation Heatrise, the
aircraft was flown from
Los Angeles to New York in
two hours and fifty-six
seconds at an average
speed of more than 1,200
mph. The three-man crew
sat in tandem. The pilot’s
instrument grouping was
constrained by the
aircraft’s narrow fuselage.
The B-58 featured a unique
ejection system that
encapsulated the individual
crew member prior to
ejection in an emergency.
24 Code One
YF-16L I G H T W E I G H T F I G H T E R
The YF-16 was the precursor to today’s F-16 multirole fighter. It originated in the US Air Force’s Lightweight Fighter
technology demonstration program of the mid 1970s that emphasized low cost and high performance. Two YF-16
prototypes were flown. The aircraft won the Air Combat Fighter competition over the YF-17 in 1975. While the cockpit
instrumentation is basic and analog, the YF-16 introduced the head-up display, reclined ejection seat to improve
pilot g-tolerance, and sidestick controller. It also featured a hands-on throttle and stick philosophy that allows pilots
to focus their attention on the tactical situation outside the aircraft instead of on switches inside the aircraft.
25First Quarter 2007
F-16F I G H T I N G F A L C O N
Over its career, the F-16 Fighting Falcon—or Viper, as it is more commonly known—has been continuously updated.
Nowhere are those changes more evident than in the cockpits of the latest generation of F-16s, the Block 50/52+, and
particularly the Block 60 version shown here. The latest F-16 cockpits feature color multifunction displays and lighting
compatible with night vision systems. Onboard computers process information from sensors and off-aircraft sources and
present information to the pilot with straightforward graphics. Still, the cockpit retains many features that made the F-16
revolutionary from the beginning, including a frameless bubble canopy, hands-on throttle and sidestick switch controls,
a thirty-degree seatback angle for increased g tolerance, and a head-up display.
26 Code One
TV-2S H O O T I N G S T A R
The TV-2 Shooting Star was
the US Navy’s two-seat
training version of the P-80
Shooting Star fighter. The
need for a trainer became
apparent early in the P-80’s
development. Known first as
the TP-80 and then as the
T-33 in Air Force service,
this aircraft was used to
train thousands of pilots
in the US and for more
than twenty international
operators. The T-33 was
manufactured in the United
States, Canada, and Japan.
The TV-2s were adequate for
jet familiarization, but were
not suitable for operational
training aboard carriers.
TV-2s later served in
several utility roles.
Typical for a trainer, the
cockpit instrumentation
is straightforward and
designed to teach students
the basics of flying.
27First Quarter 2007
NT-33S H O O T I N G S T A R
The NT-33 was a T-33
trainer modified as an
inflight simulator. It used a
three-degree-of-freedom,
response-feedback flight
control stability system
to mimic the handling
characteristics of other
aircraft. Over its forty-year
career, the NT-33 was used
to perform flying qualities,
cockpit display, control stick,
and flight control design
tests for a number of
aircraft, including the X-15,
X-24, A-10, F-15, YF-16,
YF-17, F/A-18, F-117,
and the YF-22. The
systems in the NT-33
were continually updated,
progressing from vacuum
tubes and analog
electronics to digital
processors and a
programmable head-up
display. The cockpit is a
hybrid of every generation
of jet cockpits.
28 Code One
B-24L I B E R A T O R
The B-24 Liberator was a long-range heavy bomber that saw service in every theater of World War II. The Liberator was
more widely used, had longer range, and carried a larger bomb load than the more well known B-17. In six years, more
B-24 bombers were built than any other American combat aircraft in history. In addition, the B-24 offered more cockpit
room than the B-17. The unusual through-the-panel control yoke imposed limits on instrument placement. This B-24D,
nicknamed Strawberry Bitch, was flown on fifty-nine combat missions from Libya and Tunisia in 1943 to 1944 with the
512th Bombardment Squadron.
29First Quarter 2007
B-36“P E A C E M A K E R”
The B-36 was the world’s first true intercontinental bomber. Designed in 1941 to strike European targets from
North America when it seemed Britain might fall to Germany, the B-36 could carry an 86,000-pound payload and had
an 8,800-mile range. The unofficially nicknamed “Peacemaker” served as America’s airborne nuclear deterrent through
the 1950s. This B-36J made the type’s last flight on 30 April 1959. The expansive paneled canopy provided excellent
exterior visibility. The flight engineer was tasked primarily with monitoring the “six turning and four burning” engines,
that is, six radial engines turning pusher propellers and four underwing jet engines.
30 Code One
F-80S H O O T I N G S T A R
The F-80 was the first US
Air Force aircraft to exceed
500 mph in level flight
and the first American jet
built in quantity. Originally
designated P-80, the
nomenclature was changed
in 1948 when the P-for-
pursuit designation was
dropped. The Shooting Star
was the victor in the world’s
first all-jet air battle when
Lt. Russell Brown shot down
a MiG-15 on 8 November
1950. This aircraft is one of
the few remaining Shooting
Stars to see combat in
Korea. The bubble canopy
provided excellent visibility
to the pilot, though the
forward view was dominated
by the optical sight.
31First Quarter 2007
C-141S T A R L I F T E R
The C-141 StarLifter was the world’s first turbofan-powered transport. StarLifter crews participated in every military
and nearly every humanitarian operation on every continent for four decades. On 12 February 1973, this aircraft, then
a C-141A, was flown to Hanoi, North Vietnam, in the first mission of Operation Homecoming, the repatriation of former
American prisoners of war. Most of the C-141s were stretched to carry more cargo and redesignated C-141B. Starting in
1997, sixty-three aircraft, including this one, received an autopilot and cockpit upgrade, which included glass cockpit
instrumentation, a GPS-enhanced navigation system, and an all-weather flight control system. These upgraded aircraft
were then redesignated C-141Cs.
32 Code One
F-22The F-22 is quite simply the most sophisticated fighter built. By every measure, the Raptor, the world’s first fifth-
generation fighter, represents breakthroughs in maneuverability, stealth, and sensor fusion. The aircraft’s design is a
balance of increased speed and range, enhanced offensive and defensive avionics, and greatly reduced observability.
The F-22 will provide air dominance for the US and its allies for the next forty years. This cockpit is the first true
glass cockpit with no standby mechanical gauges and only minimal dedicated controls on the console panels.
Superior external visibility is provided by a canopy that is the largest piece of formed polycarbonate ever made.
R A P T O RFIFTH-GENERATION FIGHTER
Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman/ BAE Systems F-35 Lightning II
Type: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: Service entry expected in 2012Photographer/Location: Tom Harvey/Lockheed Martin, Fort Worth, Texas
Martin MB-2Type: Bomber (Heavy)In Service: 1921–1928Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
General Dynamics F-111 AardvarkType: Fighter (Long-Range Interdiction)In Service: 1967–1996Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Lockheed Model 749 ConstellationType: Airliner/TransportIn Service: 1947–1967 (Individual Connies are still being flown today.)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Burbank, California
Lockheed Martin C-5M Super GalaxyType: Transport (Strategic)In Service: Scheduled for 2008 (C-5M)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/Marietta, Georgia
Consolidated PBY CatalinaType: Maritime Patrol/RescueIn Service: 1936–1957 (Individual Catalinas are still being flown today.)Photographer/Location: Eric Hehs/National Museum of Naval Aviation
Lockheed P-3 (US Customs and Border Protection Airborne Early Warning)
Type: Maritime Patrol/Drug InterdictionIn Service: 1984–Present (US Customs and Border Protection)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/Greenville, South Carolina
Lockheed P-38 LightningType: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: 1941–1949Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Lockheed F-104 StarfighterType: Fighter (Interceptor, Primarily)In Service: 1958–2004 (US Air National Guard service ended in 1975; Italy operated the Starfighter from 1964–2004.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force)
Lockheed KC-130F HerculesType: Tanker/Transport (Tactical)In Service: 1960–Present (KC-130F)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super HerculesType: Transport (Tactical)In Service: 1999–PresentPhotographer/Location: John Rossino/Marietta, Georgia
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RESTRICTION NOTICEThis publication is intended for information only.Its contents neither replace nor revise anymaterial in official manuals or publications.Copyright © 2007 Lockheed Martin Corporation.All rights reserved. Permission to reprint articles orphotographs must be requested in writing from theeditor. Code One is a registered trademark ofLockheed Martin Corporation. Code One is publishedquarterly by Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company.ISSN 1071-3816 A06-18724
Lockheed A-12Type: Reconnaissance (Strategic)In Service: 1964–1968 (Declared operational in late 1964; actual career spanned 1967-68)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Burbank, California
Lockheed S-3 VikingType: Carrier-Based Multimission (ASW/Tanker/Surface and Precision Attack)In Service: 1974–Present (Expected US Navy retirement date in 2009)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation
Lockheed Martin Desert HawkType: Reconnaissance Unmanned Aerial VehicleIn Service: 2002–PresentPhotographer/Location: Doug Clement/Eagan, Minnesota
Korean Aerospace Industries T-50 Golden Eagle
Type: Trainer (Supersonic)In Service: 2005–PresentPhotographer/Location: KAI/Sacheon, South Korea
Martin AM-1 MaulerType: Attack (Carrier-Based Torpedo Bomber)In Service: 1948–1953Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation
Lockheed F-117 NighthawkType: Attack In Service: 1983–PresentPhotographer/Location: Denny Lombard/Palmdale, California
Convair F-102 Delta DaggerType: Fighter (Interceptor)In Service: 1956–1979 (US Air National Guard service ended in 1977; Turkey’s last aircraft was retired in 1979.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Convair F-106 Delta DartType: Fighter (Interceptor)In Service: 1959–1988Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Lockheed U-2AType: High-Altitude ReconnaissanceIn Service: 1956–1989 (The last early-model aircraft, a U-2C was flown by NASA for many years; US Air Force/ CIA use ended in 1968.)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Burbank or Oildale, California
Lockheed U-2S Dragon LadyType: High-Altitude ReconnaissanceIn Service: 1969–PresentPhotographer/Location: Denny Lombard/Palmdale, California
Martin B-26 MarauderType: Bomber (Medium)In Service: 1942–1948Photographer/Location: Eric Hehs/National Museum of the US Air Force
Convair B-58 HustlerType: Bomber (Medium)In Service: 1960–1970Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
General Dynamics YF-16 Lightweight Fighter
Type: Fighter Technology DemonstratorIn Service: 1978–Present (F-16)Photographer/Location: Lockheed Martin Archives/Fort Worth, Texas
Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting FalconType: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: 2005–Present (F-16E/F)Photographer/Location: Tom Harvey/Fort Worth, Texas
Lockheed TV-2 Shooting StarType: Trainer In Service: 1948–1987 (The last Air National Guard aircraft was retired in 1987; some international operators are still flying T-33s in a limited role.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of Naval Aviation
Lockheed NT-33 Type: Research and DevelopmentIn Service: 1957–1997Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Consolidated B-24 LiberatorType: Bomber (Heavy)In Service: 1941–1968 (USAAF service ended in 1945, although a limited number of aircraft saw service with the Indian Air Force until 1968.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Consolidated B-36 “Peacemaker”Type: Bomber (Strategic)In Service: 1948–1959Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Lockheed F-80 Shooting StarType: Fighter (Multirole)In Service: 1945–1975 (US Air National Guard service ended in 1961; Uruguay operated its last F-80s until 1975.)Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Lockheed C-141 StarLifterType: Transport (Strategic)In Service: 1965–2006Photographer/Location: John Rossino/National Museum of the US Air Force
Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 RaptorType: Fighter (Air Dominance)In Service: 2005–PresentPhotographer/Location: John Rossino/Marietta, Georgia
For additional information on these aircraft, go to www.codeonemagazine.com
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