1 SUPERJONINĖS KERAMIKOS IR JŲ TECHNOLOGIJOS11 SUPERJONINIŲ KRISTALŲ STRUKTŪROS -Retoji jonų sanglauda Ag+ superjonikų kristalinėse struktūrose - Kristalinės VO
Na+ H+ superjonikų struktūros
- Netvarkios Li+ superjonikų struktūros- Superjoninių keramikų gamybos technologiniai ypatumai12 JONINIS SUPERJONIKŲ LAIDUMAS IR POLIARIZACINIAI REIŠKINIAI13 DINAMINĖS SUPERJONIKŲ SAVYBĖS- Dielektrinės skvarbos ir elektrinio joninių ir superjoninių kristalų laidumo priklausomybių nuo elektrinio lauko dažnio
aprašas- Relaksacinė superjonikų joninio laidumo dispersija- Relaksacinė ir rezonansinė ir dispersijos Li+ superjonikuose14 SUPERJONINIŲ JUNGINIŲ TAIKYMAS- Superjoniniai akumuliatoriai- Kuro gardelės- Deguonies dujų jutikliai- Anglies monoksido dujų jutikliai- Jonistoriai
Pagrindinė literatūra
1Tetsuichi Kudo and Kazuo Fueki ldquoSolid State Ionicsrdquo Kadansha 1990
2 MB Salamon ldquoPhysics of Superionic Conductorsrdquo Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1979
3 V Grivickas AFOrliukas A Žindulis S Tamulevičius Medžiagų mokslas Progretus Vilnius 2008
4 AF Orliukas ldquoSuperjoniniai laidininkairdquo Vilnius VUL 2004
5 VVKharton bdquoSolid State Electrochemistry Ildquo Fundamentals Materials and their Applications Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbHampCo KGaA2009
6 John OlsquoM Bockris Amulys K N Reddy Maria Gambos- Aldeco Modern Electrochemistry (Fundamentals of electrodics) (Kluwer academic publishers New York Boston Doldrecht London Moscow 2002)
7 Anthony R West bdquo Solid State Chemistry and its Applicationsldquo John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Reprinted 1990
8 AK Jonscher bdquoDielectric relaxation in solidsldquo Chelsea Dielectrcs Press London 1996
9 F A Karamov bdquoSuperionic Conductors Cambidge International Science Publishing2008
10 JKawamura S Yoshikado T sakuma Y Michihiro M Aniya Y Ito bdquoSuperionic Conductor PhysicsldquoWorld Scientific 2007
10 K Funke Science and Technology of Advanced Materials14 (2013) 043502 (50 pp)
Paruošė prof AFOrliukas
MEDŽIAGŲ INŽINERIJA DOKTORANTAMS SUPERJONIKŲ SANDAS
Chemical state
changes
Secondary (rechargeable) battery-electric power
Primary or full cell-electric power
Electric power-photo cell
light
Electric signal-chemical sensors
massColoration-
electrochromic display (ECD)
Electric signal
Electrolysis (electric power Chemical
species
Electrochemical devices agree T Kudo K Fueki SSI 1990
1833 Faradays Law
1897 ZrO2 glower (Nernst)
1920 High ionic conduction in -AgI
1933 Diffusion theory of lattice defects
1934 Ion transport mechanism for -AgI
1943 Ionic conduction theory for ZrO2
1962 High temperature fuel cell using ZrO2
1967 -alumina Rb Ag4I5
1969 Electro-chromism in WO3
1970 Electric double-layer capacitors (ionistor)
1970 Electrochemical memory devices
1972 Solid state Li battery memoriode
1976 NASICON secondary battery using TiS2
intercalation1979 High Cu+ conductor
Organic polymer solid-electrolyte1981 Plastic battery
1983 Commercial ECD
Future prospects of SSI Neuron fiber Bio-computer system
a
bc
x
yz
Ag
J
ndashAgJ structure
ndashAgJ lattice
J d h b
In the lattice of -AgI are d-12 b-6 and h-24 energy positions for diffusion of 2 Ag ions
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
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- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Chemical state
changes
Secondary (rechargeable) battery-electric power
Primary or full cell-electric power
Electric power-photo cell
light
Electric signal-chemical sensors
massColoration-
electrochromic display (ECD)
Electric signal
Electrolysis (electric power Chemical
species
Electrochemical devices agree T Kudo K Fueki SSI 1990
1833 Faradays Law
1897 ZrO2 glower (Nernst)
1920 High ionic conduction in -AgI
1933 Diffusion theory of lattice defects
1934 Ion transport mechanism for -AgI
1943 Ionic conduction theory for ZrO2
1962 High temperature fuel cell using ZrO2
1967 -alumina Rb Ag4I5
1969 Electro-chromism in WO3
1970 Electric double-layer capacitors (ionistor)
1970 Electrochemical memory devices
1972 Solid state Li battery memoriode
1976 NASICON secondary battery using TiS2
intercalation1979 High Cu+ conductor
Organic polymer solid-electrolyte1981 Plastic battery
1983 Commercial ECD
Future prospects of SSI Neuron fiber Bio-computer system
a
bc
x
yz
Ag
J
ndashAgJ structure
ndashAgJ lattice
J d h b
In the lattice of -AgI are d-12 b-6 and h-24 energy positions for diffusion of 2 Ag ions
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
1833 Faradays Law
1897 ZrO2 glower (Nernst)
1920 High ionic conduction in -AgI
1933 Diffusion theory of lattice defects
1934 Ion transport mechanism for -AgI
1943 Ionic conduction theory for ZrO2
1962 High temperature fuel cell using ZrO2
1967 -alumina Rb Ag4I5
1969 Electro-chromism in WO3
1970 Electric double-layer capacitors (ionistor)
1970 Electrochemical memory devices
1972 Solid state Li battery memoriode
1976 NASICON secondary battery using TiS2
intercalation1979 High Cu+ conductor
Organic polymer solid-electrolyte1981 Plastic battery
1983 Commercial ECD
Future prospects of SSI Neuron fiber Bio-computer system
a
bc
x
yz
Ag
J
ndashAgJ structure
ndashAgJ lattice
J d h b
In the lattice of -AgI are d-12 b-6 and h-24 energy positions for diffusion of 2 Ag ions
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
a
bc
x
yz
Ag
J
ndashAgJ structure
ndashAgJ lattice
J d h b
In the lattice of -AgI are d-12 b-6 and h-24 energy positions for diffusion of 2 Ag ions
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
ndashAgJ lattice
J d h b
In the lattice of -AgI are d-12 b-6 and h-24 energy positions for diffusion of 2 Ag ions
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
In the lattice of -AgI are d-12 b-6 and h-24 energy positions for diffusion of 2 Ag ions
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
YSZ
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
(UO2 PO4)n
-H+ ryšiai
-PO4 kompleksai
-H3O+
-H2O
HUP structure
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
) -Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+ ion map on the (010) plane b) oxygen window in phase on the (001) plane c) - Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Li+
ion map on the (010) plane
T=450K
T=523K fazė-monoklininė (P2n)
fazė-rombinė (Pcan)
fazė -metastabili
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
1
1
1
1
Ideal lattice Point Frenkel ndashtype defects
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
The energy relief of of ions in the lattice with the point Frenkel ndashtype defects
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
NF-concentrof pFrenkel def
F-free energy of lattice
GF-Gibbs energy
S-entrophy S=QT
HF-enthalpy H=TS+pV
P1P2-probabilities
N
Nrsquo-jtarpmazgiuose
N-jmazguose
P1-jpasiskirstimo tikimybe
P2-vakansiju pasiskirstymo tikimybe
SF=QT HF=U+pV
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
1
1
1
1
Point Schottky-type defects
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
F-free energy of the lattice
Nš-concentr of pSchottky defects
N-concentration of the ions inttice
T-temperature
P-probability
Gš-Gibbs energy
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
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- Slide 41
- Slide 42
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- Slide 44
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- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Synthesis conditions of the Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) compounds by a solid phase reaction
Li2CO3
(purity 99999)Extra pure
NH4H2PO4TiO2
M2O3
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and
milled in a planetary mill during 8 h
The stoichiometric mixture was
heated at T=773K during 24 h
The mixture was placed in the ethyl alcohol and milled
during 12 h
The mixtures with Al Fe Y were heated at T=1173K during 1h and mixture with Sc was heated 1h at
T=1153K
The powders with Al Fe Y were
heated at T=1273Kduring 2 h
Cooling down to room temperatureMilling of the each
powder in the ethyl alcohol during 10 h
Drying the powder at
T=393K during 24 h
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Uniaxialy pressing of the powder at 300MPa
Heating of the pressed samples up to T=673K with
the velocity of 5degmin
Annealing of the samples at T=673K during 1 h
Heating of the samples of the system with Sc up toT=1543K with Al up to
T=1383K with Fe up to T=1283K with Y up to
T= 1293K with the velocity of
5degmin
The sintering of the ceramics at the
sintering temperaturewas conducted in air
for 1 h
Cooling down to T=300K with the
velocity of 5degmin
Sintering of the Li1+xMx Ti2-x(PO4)3 (where M=Sc Al Fe Y x=03) ceramics
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Commercial YSZ GDC and SDC powder with different surface area SBET from company
Fuel Cell Materials were used for the sintering of the ceramics
The powder was uniaxially cold-pressed at 150 MPa The sintering of the ceramic samples was conducted in air at
temperature T = 1773 K The sintering duration of the ceramics was 1 h The composition SBET of the powder and relative density of the ceramics are presented in
Table
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
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- Slide 14
- Slide 15
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- Slide 17
- Slide 18
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- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
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- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
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- Slide 41
- Slide 42
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- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
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- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
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- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
About BETBET theory is rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for measurement of the specific surface area of a material In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published article about the BET theory in journal J Am Chem Soc 60 (1938) 309 and for he first time ldquo BET ldquoconsists of the first initials of their family names
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
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- Slide 22
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- Slide 33
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- Slide 41
- Slide 42
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- Slide 44
- Slide 45
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- Slide 47
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- Slide 49
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- Slide 51
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- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
YSZ GDC SDC composition SBET of the powder theoretical and relative densities of the ceramics
Composition SBET m2g Dtheoretical gcm3 d
Gd02Ce08O19 220 724[3] 950
Sm02Ce08O19 212 715[1] 940
Sm015Ce085O2 195 722[5] 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 203 - 940
Sm015Ce085O1925 8 - 920
Gd01Ce09O195 644 721[2] 970
Gd01Ce09O2 201 - 950
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 167 596[4] 970
92 mol ZrO2 8 molY2O3 124 - 950
1 HBLi et alActa Mater54(2006)721 2 KHuang et alJAmerCeramSoc81(1998)3573GChiadeli et alSolState Ioncs 176(2005)1505 4 HLiu et alMat And Design 31(2010)2972 5 CJiang et al Power Sources 165(2007)134
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
SEM images of Ce09Gd01O195 ceramics sintered from powder with SBET = 15803 m2g (a) and
SBET = 644 m2g (b)
a) b)
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
tgjj RCa
r
1
C
R
a
R C
b
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
jr
jUR
UC
ja Ua
U
a) b)
tguu
RCR
C
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
) )
021
m j
)
j
m j
1 2
Debaye formula
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Moving of ionic charge carriers in in the superionic lattice
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010-3
10-2
10-1
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
Sm
f Hz
T=680K
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
0 100 200 300 400 5000
100
200
300
400
500
Z middotm
Z middotm
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g
T=680K
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
12 14 16 18 20 2210-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
103T K
tot
Sm 15SDC S
BET=203m2g E
tot=083eV
15SDC SBET
=8m2g Etot
=119eV
10GDC SBET
=644m2g Etot
=122eV
20GDC SBET
=220m2g Etot
=112eV
8YSZ SBET
=167m2g Etot
=098eV
8YSZ SBET
=124m2g Etot
=103eV
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Total ionic conductivities (tot) and their activation
energies (Etot of GDC SDC 8YSZ ceramics at 700 K
Composition SBET m2g tot Sm Etot eV
20GDC 220 0094 112
10GDC 644 019 122
15SDC 8 0056 119
15SDC 203 0041 083
8YSZ 167 0004 098
8YSZ 124 0019 103
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
14 16 18 2010-3
10-2
10-1
100
15SDC BET = 8 15SDC BET = 203 10GDC BET = 201 10GDC BET = 644
b Sm
1000T K -1
8YSZ
BET = 167 BET = 124
800 700 600 500T K
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
kT
Eff f
R exp0
f0 = 278 1011 Hz
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
In the terahertz frequency range an oscillator law described the complex electrical conductivity dispersion
i
22
0
020
0~
where γ is the damping of the oscillator Δε is oscillator strength and ε is the high frequency permittivity originating from the electronic polarization and from the phonons above 3 THZ
8
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Frequency dependences of real part of complex electric conductivity of LLTO ceramics in THz frequency range at different temperatures
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
CO2 dujų jutiklio struktūrinė schema
Li13Al015Y015 Ti17(PO4)3
Solid electrolytePtPt
Al2O3
Li2 CO3
V
The glue
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
EMF mV 003CO2+N2
01CO2+N2
10CO2+N2
300
200
100
300 400 500 t0 C
10CO2+N2
CO2 dujų jutiklio E-P-T charakteristikos
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
Uc
Katodas
Oras
U
Elektrodai
AnodasKuras
L
UR UA
YSZd
Kietojo elektrolito kuro gardelės struktūrinė schema
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
H2O garų išėjimo kanalasSOFC tuščiaviduriai cilindrai
H2O garų išėjimo kanalo išorinė sienelė
Vidinė izoliacija
Kuro įvedimo anga
Oro įvedimoanga
Šiluminė izoliacija
Vėsinimo kanalas
Cilindrinės formos SOFC modulis
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
U
V
250 750 1250
200
400
800
W m
Wc
m2
00
04
08
12
j mAcm2
Storasluoksnio SOFC U ndash j ndash W charakteristikos
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
5kW SOFC modulis pagal SPS Badwal ir K Foger
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
-
50 100 150 2000
2
4
6W
kW
IA
SOFC W ndash I charakteristika 1203 K temperatūroje
W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
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W is about (300-400) Ahkg
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
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-
E = CU2 2 J
P = U2 4R W
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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-
Ag4RbI5 AgC
Ag+
Ag+
Ag+
-----
d
Ionistor Cc = ᵋᵋ 0S d
Ag+ + e-
Ag0
In 1938 Stefan Brunauer Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal for the first time ldquoBETrdquo consists of the first initials of their family names [BET (m2g)]
CBET about 200m2 g
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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- Slide 62
-
AČIŪ
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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