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1. RF operation2. Beam operation and results
3. SRFQ for high I linacs
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Injector 1: Tandem (A < 120, 1÷10 pnA))
Injector 2: PIAVE - all ion species, 20÷200 pnAECRIS - 2 SRFQs and 8 QWRs
ALPI: a boosterfor Tandem andPIAVE
ECRIS
LEBT 3H-BSRFQs
QWRsB
Commissioning of PIAVE with pilot beam 16O3+
has been completed (June 05)
July 6, 05
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• Crioline con SRFQsfoto e loro tabella
SRFQ1 SRFQ2
Frequency 80 80 MHz
Length 1,41 0,8 m
Diameter 0,81 0,81 m
Weight 280 170 Kg
∆V_interelectrode 148 280 kVModulated cells 41 13Es,p 25,5 25,5 MV/mEs,p/Ea 10 7.33Bs,p 0,025 0.03 TStored Energy 2,1 3,6 JPdiss (set) 10 10 WQ 1x108 2x108
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Focusing ⇐ main quadrupolar ETAcceleration ⇐ small effective EL
modulation of 4 vanes(synchronous with beam bunches)
one modulation period = βλ
NORMAL CONDUCTING∆U ~ 100 kV, Q ~ 104, d.c. < 20%with a few remarkable exceptions
(LEDA: 2.2.MW rf, 100 mA-beam)
SUPERCONDUCTING∆U~ 300 kV, Q~109, d.c. = 100%Motivated by lower rf power (and µA beam) + expertise in cryogenics
(kr)coskz]IAcos2θr[A2Vz)θ,U(r, 010
201 +=
Ideal for β=v/c < 0.05Typically NC, 50-400 MHz
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
Radio-Frequency Quadrupoles
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1. To reach spec Ea @ Pcav ≤ 10 W): Q vs Ea curve2. To keep frequency locking to M.O. vs slow volume changes (drifts of the
liquid He P) and fast vibrations
SLOW PHe DRIFTS
Mechanical tuner coping with the ∆f/∆t, induced by ∆PHe/∆tCryo-plant operation minimizes ∆PHe/∆t
MICROPHONICS EXCITATIONS
3. Setup for beam acceleration (“classical” RFQ is split into 2, with ext. bunching)4. RFQ alignment on beam axis (better than ± 0.2 mm for good beam transmission)
Rigid mechanical designUse of VCX fast tuners (ANL)Gentle cryo-plant operation
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
The main issues of S-RFQs
![Page 6: 1. RF operation 2. Beam operation and results...Injector 1: Tandem (A < 120, 1÷10 pnA))Injector 2: PIAVE-all ion species, 20÷200 pnAECRIS - 2 SRFQs and 8 QWRs ALPI: a booster for](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070213/610b699e2eaa232b98316da9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1,E+07
1,E+08
1,E+09
0 1 2 3 4 5
Eacc [MV/m]
Q
SRFQ1SRFQ2Es,p/Eacc = 10 , 7.33
No VCX fast tuners in the test cryostatSRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
1. Off-line Q-curves in a test cryostat
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1,E+07
1,E+08
1,E+09
0 1 2 3 4 5
Eacc [MV/m]
Q
SRFQ1SRFQ2
Frequency window controlled by VCXs: 80 Hz (SRFQ1), 200 Hz (SRFQ2)
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
1. On-line Q-curves (loaded by VCX)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
13:08:15 13:09:42 13:11:08 13:12:35 13:14:01Time of the day
Phas
e a
nd a
mpl
itude
err
or [V
]
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
6024 s 8 s, 5 s
6 s
∆P
/ ∆t [
mba
r/min
]
80% of nominal field
SRFQ1 with VCX
Mechanical tuners react at 2 Hz/s(corresponding to ∆P/∆t =2.5÷3 mb/min)SPECS – 5 mb/min
June
2004
, a 6
min
sam
ple
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
2. Phase locking difficult before optimizingthe cryo-plant parameters
2°
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200
220
240
260
280
9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00Time of the day
He
pres
sure
[mb]
up to30 mb/min
June 2004
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
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200
220
240
260
280
9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00
Time of the day
He
pres
sure
[mb]
< 1÷2 mb/min
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
2. P changes smaller in range and speedafter optimizing the cryo-plant parameters
Careful setup of the P.I.D. parameters controllingcryostat valves opening (continuous filling mode)Control of additional heating or increased production rate of liquid He vs cavity rf power.
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234
235
236
237
238
239
13.15 13.30 13.45 14.00 14.15 14.30
Time of the day
He
pres
sure
[mb]
0,00
0,50
1,00
Phas
e-A
mpl
itude
err
or [V
]
June
2005
, a 6
0 m
insa
mpl
e
SRFQ2 VCX fast tuner window 200 Hz (specs)SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
2. ϕ & A errors on SRFQ2 after optimizationof the cryo-plant parameters
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231
232
233
234
235
236
13.15 13.30 13.45 14.00 14.15 14.30
Time of the day
He
pres
sure
[mb]
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Phas
e - A
mpl
itude
err
or [V
]
June
2005
, a 6
0 m
insa
mpl
e
SRFQ1 VCX fast tuner window 80 Hz (specs 200 Hz)SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
2. ϕ & A errors on SRFQ1 after optimizationof the cryo-plant parameters
Vibrations induced bythe slowly tuned end-plates
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B SRFQ1 SRFQ2Lens Lens
Si
FC
3. Setup for beam acceleration(“classical” RFQ is here split in 2, with ext. bunching)
4. RFQ alignment on beam axis (better than ± 0.2 mm for good beam transmission)
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
SRFQs: beam-related aspects
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0
2
4
6
8
10
-180 -90 0 90 180
φSRFQ2 - φSRFQ1
Bea
m E
nerg
y [M
eV]
0
10
20
30
40
T [%
]
B SRFQ1 SRFQ2Lens Lens SiFC
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
3. Setup of the relative phasebetween the SRFQs
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05
101520253035404550
3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0Energia [MeV]
Yiel
d
02040506070
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0Energia [MeV]
Yiel
d
160170180190200220
B SRFQ1 SRFQ2Lens Lens
Si FC
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
3. Energy plots at varyingϕSRFQ2 - ϕ SRFQ1
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0123456789
10
0 90 180 270 360
φSRFQ2-φSRFQ1
Theo
retic
al a
nd m
easu
red
out
put e
nerg
y [M
eV]
∆φ = 137°(theoretical 0°)
T ~ 30 %, as expected from the theoryT ~ 30 → 68% (expected : 70%) after switching on the 3H-buncher
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
3. ϕSRFQ2 is scanned, while ϕSRFQ1 = k
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Specs: ± 0.2 mm between SRFQ1 and SRFQ2 and between SRFQsand injection line for good T
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
-2 -1 0 1 2
y - misalignment [mm]Tr
ansm
issi
on [%
]
The quad in front of SRFQsis moved vertically and horizontally around theSRFQs’ axis
4. Control of alignment tolerances
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ECRIS
LEBT 3H-BSRFQs
QWRsB
to ALPI
booster
Emittance box
1.
2. 3. 4.
Longitudinal emittanceHor & Ver emittances
E
t
1. 2. 0.08÷0.1 mm mrad3. 0.1÷0.2 mm mradth. 0.1 mm mrad
3. 2.3 keV ns /A(th. 0.5 keV ns /A)
Transmission1.► 2. 90% 2. ► 3. 68%3. ► 4. 85%
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
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July 6, 05
SRFQ1&2 so far accelerated beams for~ 600 hours (since Nov 04)July, 05: first injection into ALPI boosterOct, 05 – Jan, 06: beam tests on bothPIAVE +ALPI with heavier beams (131Xe18+)Goal: PIAVE+ALPI operation with approved NP experiments from Feb, 06
ALPI
PIAVE
July 18-20, 05
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
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• 5 mA of d & p to 40 MeV cw (SPES)• Operate at subharm. of 352 MHz
(EURISOL) – 88 MHzεx,y, RMS,n= 0.1 mm mradεl,RMS = 0.1 deg MeV/AE = 1.3 MeV/A
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛=
02 Rmc
eVB λ
• V (between vanes) ~ 280 kV (3 times higher than NC), large λ
• R0 can be increased, transmissiongreatly improves and contrsuctiontolerances are relaxed
• Higher EA, compact structure
2
02 ⎟⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛=
RmceVB λ
2mceVkNλε = βλ
eVAkEA =
Pros of the SRFQ option
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
A SRFQ for a high current linac
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kW13Beam loadingGauss0±0 ,25B within ±1 mm from joint
%± 2Voltage flatness
Gauss300Bs,p
MV/m20,7Es,p
MHz94,2Dipole mode
MHz88Frequency
1.3 m
SRF05 – Cornell – July 11, 2005
HFSS
A 88 MHz PIAVE-likeSRFQ
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SRFQs work and accelerate beams!