SOMEHIGHLIGHTS OF S.R.I. RESEARCH
IN INDONESIA
Iswandi Anas, D. K. Kalsim, Budi I. Setiawan, Yanuar and Sam Herodian -- Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture,
Jakarta, June 13, 2008
CONTRIBUTORS FOR S.R.I. IN INDONESIA
REMARKS:
• S.R.I. IS A WORK IN PROGRESS NEEDING RESEARCH AND PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS
• S.R.I IS NOT EVERYTHING, BUT SURELY IT IS A GOOD ALTERNATIVE
• NO INTENTION TO ADOPT S.R.I. TECHNOLOGY IN ALL INDONESIAN RICE FIELDS
• S.R.I. CAN BE : INORGANIC, ORGANIC , OR MIXED – IT IS NOT NECESSARILY OR ALWAYS ‘ORGANIC’
S.R.I. IN INDONESIA• MANY RICE PRODUCING TECHNOLOGIES ARE AVAILABLE: PTT (INTEGRATED
CROP MANAGEMENT)• S.R.I IS ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE FOR INDONESIAN FARMERS
• INTRODUCED IN 1997 TO MOA BY PROF. DR NORMAN UPHOFF (CRIFC, BOGOR, WEST JAVA)
• MOA PLAYs IMPORTANT ROLE IN DISSEMINATION OF S.R.I . -- DIR-GEN / LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT (PLA) SUPPORTS TRAINING FOR 1,300 HA OF ORGANIC S.R.I . IN PROJECT IN TASIKMALAYA (APRIL 2008)
DIT. GEN . FOOD CROPS IS BEING INVOLVED IN S.R.I.
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
INSTITUTIONS AND UNIVERSITIES
DISIMP /NIPPON KOEI (SATO-SAN) IN EASTERN INDONESIA (NTT, NTB, BALI) SINCE 2002
UNIVERSITIES: BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (DEPTS. of SOIL, AGRONOMY, IRRIGATION WATER AT IPB); ITB, UNPAD, UNAND, AND OTHERS
PRIVATE COMPANIES SUCH AS MEDCO, SAMPOERNA
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
RICE YIELDS
.
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
FIELD REPORT (DISIMP, 2006)
YIELD INCREASEFROM DIFFERENT PLACES
8 PROVINCES:• >13,000 FARMERS
• 9,000 HA
• >70% YIELD INCREASE
A
Yield
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
100 % NPK Straw + 25 %NPK
Straw + 50 %NPK
Straw
Conventional
SRI+Straw
Productive Tiller
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
100 % NPK Straw + 25 %NPK
Straw + 50 %NPK
Straw
Conventional
Part of SRI
Sugiyanta , 2008 (IPB)
CONVENTIONAL 5.0 T/HA
S.R.I. 7.5 T/HA
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
Number of tillers
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
TILLER NUMBER: S.R.I EXPERIMENT AT SAMPOERNA ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING CENTER, PANDAAN,
EAST JAVA, 2008 (Herodian, et al .2008)
AGE (DAT) NON-S.R.I. S.R.I SRI GUNTING
30 X 30 CM
S.R.I. GUNTING
ORGANIC S.R.I
0 9 1 1 1
10 9 1 2 2
20 13 2 4 4
30 25 6 15 11
40 26 12 31 20
50 21 17 44 36
60 17 29 56 73
70 13 32 54 77
S.R.I EXPERIMENT AT SAMPOERNA ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING CENTER,
PANDAAN, EAST JAVA, 2008 (Herodian, et al .2008)
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
PARAMETERS NON-S.R.I. S.R.I SRIGUNTING(30 X 30 )
S.R.I.GUNTING
ORGAN-IC
S.R.I
NO. PRODUCTIVE TILLERS 23 15 19 54NO. GRAINS PER PANICLE 33 166 154 215WEIGHT 1,000 GRAINS (g) 25.0 27.5 29.7 31.7YIELD AT HARVESTING (T/HA)
5.7 9.3 8.3 10.8
YIELD (DRY GRAIN AT 14% WATER CONTENT) (T/HA)
5.5 8.9 8.0 10.5
UNIVERSITY OF ANDALAS, PADANG(Musliar Kasim et al., 2007-2008)
• S.R.I average of 9.67 T/ha
• Titonia as source of organic fertilizer
• Variety Sirandah Kuning, 11 T/ha (Rozen, 2008)
• YIELD INCREASES REPORTED FROM EAST, MIDDLE AND WEST
IRRIGATION WATER
SETIAWAN AND GARDJITO (2008);KALSIM (2007)
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
INTERMITTENT IRRIGATION SAVES WATER BY 30%
SHIN AND LEE (2006)
S.R.I. PRACTICE SAVES WATER BY 40%
KALSIM ET AL., (2007)SETIAWAN ET AL., (2008) (IPB)
S.R.I SAVES MORE IRRIGATION WATER
KEY POINTS: SUCCESS OF P.T.T. (INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT) AND S.R.I BOTH DEPEND ON MANAGABLE IRRIGATION WATER
RA0_ Solar radiation RA1_ Air temperature RA2_ Humidity RA3_ Soil moisture
SOPHISTICATED FIELD SERVER MONITORING AGENT: S.R.I. EXPERIMENT (SETIAWAN AND MIZOGUCHI 2008)
SOIL BIOTA
NARASWARI AND ISWANDI (2008))
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
S.R.I IS RELATED TO SOIL BIOTA
S.R.I IS RELATED TO GHG EMISSION
S.R.I IS RELATED TO RICE YIELD
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
SRI EXPERIMENT AT NAGRAK ORGANIC S.R.I TRAINING CENTER
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
ENVIRONMENT
GREENHOUSE GASESSOIL AND WATER POLUTION??
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
GHG- AGRICULTURAL SECTOR.JAPAN & KOREA: << CHINA, INDIA, INDONESIA, THAILAND >> CH4 EMITTING COUNTRIES =26 – 35% TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS OF THE COUNTRY)
NO MITIGATION OPTIONS APPLIED BY FARMER
NO ENCOURAGEMENT FROM THE GOVERNMENT
Japan (2004)1,355 MtCO2
Korea (1990)289 MtCO2
China (1994)4,058 MtCO2
Indonesia (1994)323 MtCO2
India (1994)1,214 MtCO2
Thailand (1994)224 MtCO2
Energy
Industrial Processes
Waste
Agriculture
2% 15%4%
28%26% 35%
GHG INVENTORIES IN SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES
YAGI (2006)Data source:
UNFCCC Report
GHG EMISSION RELATED TO WATER MANAGEMENT
LITERATURE
SATURATED VS FLOODED: REDUCE CH4 EMISSION BY 24%
MORE N2O EMISSION BY 99%,
MORE RICE YIELD BY 12%
SUPRIHATI AND ISWANDI (2007)
MID-SEASON DRAINAGE REDUCED GHG EMISSION 26%
MULTIPLE DRAINAGE REDUCED GHG EMISSION BY 34%
WASSMANN ET AL. (2000) - IRRI
CHIDTHAISONG (2006) - THAILAND
FARMER INCOME
S.R.I. VS NON-S.R.I.
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
No. DISTRICT S.R.I. NON-S.R.I.1 MANGGARAI BARAT 6,710 1,8752 MANGGARAI 6,395 1,7273 NAGEKEO 7,727 2,8924 EMDE 7,343 1,5305 SUMBA TIMUR 6,757 1,9276 TTS 1,906 47
AVERAGE 6,140 1,670
FARMER NET INCOME (NIPPON KOEI/ BUDIHARTO, 2007) (000 rupiah/ha)
Presented at workshop on S.R.I at Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, June 13, 2008
IN THE FUTURE
SRI IS WORK IN PROGRESSA LOT OF RESEARCH IS
NEEDED, SUCH AS ON:AGRONOMY AND SOIL; PESTS AND DISEASES; WEED CONTROL; RICE VARIETIES; ORGANIC FERTILIZERS; ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS; WEEDING TOOLS; IRRIGATION AND WATER EFFICIENCY
PRODUCTION IS NOT EVERYTHINGNEED RESEARCH ALSO ON: • FARMER INCOME• SOCIOLOGY AND GENDER,• ANTHROPOLOGY
NEED ALSO:• COLLABORATION AMONG
DIVERSE STAKEHOLDERS
NAGRAK S.R.I (ORGANIC) TRAINING CENTER, SUKABUMI
EXPERIENCED TRAINERS, EXCELLENT FACILITIES, PRIMA SERVICES
ORGANIC RICE, ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Contact :AHMAD [email protected]
HP: 0818 0718 5508
ORGANIC S.R.I:
FERTISMART (KUJANG AMANAH TANI)
ORGANIC FERTILIZER(DR Z. SUDJAIS)
COMMUNICATION FORUM: [email protected]@indo.net.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMETS
1. MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE DR. ANTON APRIYANTONO2. DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FOOD CROPS AND STAFF3. PROF. DR. NORMAN UPHOFF AND MR. S. SATO4. SUPPORT FROM: PT PUPUK KUJANG, PT KUJANG AMANAH TANI, DISIMP (MR S. SATO/VICTOR LEE),
RAHMAN SUBANDI, MAPORINA (DR Z. SOEDJAIS), Ina-SRI, 5. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE (DIRECTOR OF PLANT PROTECTION AND STAFF)