Download - 08 insight august 11
Inter with Asochukwu (DRC) 3
Google‘s Driveless Car 11
PULHHEEMS 13
Driving & Vision 20
Checklist for driving test 23
Many More
Inside this issue:
Insight newsletter– August 2011 Edi-
GOOGLE‘S DRIVELESS CAR
Publisher: Osita Chidoka
Corps Marshal/Chief Executive
Editor–In–Chief:OC Oladele (DCC)
Editor: KD Alegieuno (ARC)
Members:
VO Ogunnupebi (ACC)
AR Obagbemiro (SRC)
CB Nwokolo ARC)
DO Enakireru (ARC)
0I Ikoku (ARC)
EDITORIAL BOARD
Insight
FRSC N iger i a : s t rong l y comm i t ted to the UN Decade of Act i o n
...Knowing a little about everything
Volume 1, Issue 8
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU (DRC)
The PULHHEEMS is a
system of grading
physical and mental
fitness used by British
Armed Forces.
2
Have you ever
wondered where
the Chameleon ‗s
48 inches tongue,
which measures
twice as the
length of a cha-
meleon resides in
the animal?.
God craftically
created the cha-
meleon's tongue
to coil inside its
mouth in the
shape of a cata-
pult similar to
the French‘s
lesson ,the FRSC of
the future that
wants to perform
optimally, can learn
from the speed of
the chameleon‘s
tongue.
Steve Jobs the re-
tiring CEO of Apple
Inc, USA, manufac-
turer of iPad learnt
this lesson. We con-
tinued in this edition
the inspiring story
of how Apple Inc
that was almost
bankrupt 20 yrs ago
has now through
iPad becomes the
world‘s most valu-
able company.
Grossing nearly
$1trillion, Apple has
valued more than
companies like
Exxon Mobil,
trebuchet.
The Chameleon's
tongue extends
faster than the hu-
man eyes can follow,
at about 26 body
lengths per second
and can hit the prey
at about 30 thou-
sandths of a second.
Although created
without a natural
eye, apart from its
capacity to change
seamlessly to the
colour of the envi-
ronment, the chame-
leon's speed in
catching a prey is
amazingly said to
be faster than the
take off speed of a
rocket.
There is certainly a
Insight newsletter- August Edition
FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
3
Chevron, Hallibur-
ton and Microsoft.
You can also read
in this edition
goggle‘s story on
why you may not
need a driver
again to drive a
car. If you are
still wondering
about the possi-
bility of such
‗‘crazy idea‘‘, you
will find out in
this edition how
the designers of
the car have com-
menced lobbying
the US Senate to
make legislation
on allowing the
use of the car on
American high-
ways .
Have you ever
failed drivers
QUOTABLE QUOTES ON
ROAD SAFETY
Accidents hurt - safety
doesn't.
The door to safety swings
on the hinges of common
sense.
Know safety, no
crash. No safety, know
crash.
Prepare and prevent,
don't repair and repent
Road sense is the off-
spring of courtesy and
the parent of safety.
Maud van Buren
Safety is as simple as
ABC - Always Be Careful.
We now have unshakable
conviction that accident
causes are man-made and
that a manmade problem
can be solved by men and
women of proven integ-
rity. ~W.H. Cameron
Chance takers are acci-
dent makers.
License test be-
fore?. Do not
worry as you pre-
pare to attend
the next drivers
examination for
obtaining a driv-
ers license, this
edition will guide
you into the se-
crets of what the
examiner would
assess you on.
PULHHEEMS ,
that term you al-
ways find in your
APER form, filled
by the medical of-
ficer, is explained
in detail in this
edition, and sev-
eral other inter-
esting stories.
Happy reading.
Insight newsletter- August Edition
FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
4
Insight newsletter- August Edition
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH
Information Technology is a fundamen-
tal factor to rapid organisational
growth and development in our society
today. In a bid to become a world class
organisation, FRSC has embraced the
use of information technology as one
of the key elements to achieving its
mission. Recently, Insight crew had an
interview with one of the officers who
works in the ICT Unit of the Corps, a
young man with unparalleled computer
based knowledge. He obliged the inter-
view as he was about jetting to China
as part of Nigeria's delegation on cy-
ber security. Here is the excerpt of
the interview.
I.N: May we meet you?
AD: My name is Asochukwu Damian
from Ihiala in Anambra State
I.N: Tell us about your educational
background including your professional
qualification?
AD: I have a Bachelor and Masters de-
grees in Computer Science from the
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
I have System Administrator, and Mi-
crosoft Professional certificates from
NIIT. I also have Oracle SQL certifi-
cate from Digital Bridge Institute .
IN: we understand that you are an ex-
pert in IT, what is your area of exper-
tise?
AD: I am into System Administration
using Microsoft platforms; I do appli-
cation development; I do hardware
maintenance and repairs
I.N: What is your role in ICT?
AD: I am part of some of the teams in
ITC like: software development, main-
tenance, system administration. I also
work with other teams if need arises.
I.N: What are the effects of ICT to
the overall goal of the Corps?
AD: ITC is the arm of the Corps that
practices ICT (Information and Com-
munication Technology). ITC is natu-
rally a support arm of the Corps in
terms of ICT, it enhances and makes
more efficient the jobs of all the op-
erational arms of the Corps. The
Corps has as one of its goals to be a
world-class organisation and that is
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU DAMIAN (DRC)
5
Insight newsletter– August Edition
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH
why it is going with standards set by
ISO. You can agree with me that only
ICT can drive us to that point. Today
one can check if his driver‘s licence is
genuine or not by simply going to FRSC
official website; he can also apply right
there for renewal, and so on simply be-
cause of ICT. The effects are every-
where.
IN: what training have you attended?
AD: I was part of the team that was
trained in US by L1 Secure Credential-
ing of USA to man the new drivers‘ li-
cence scheme
IN: We heard that you developed some
applications for the Corps, what are
these applications?
AD: I was part of the software team
that developed an application to assist
the Driving School Standardization
Programme. The application helps to
capture and store data from regis-
tered driving schools in the country. I
was also involved in the application cur-
rently in use by the Special Marshals
and Partnership Department in gath-
ering and storing the records of Spe-
cial Marshals. I was also involved in
the application used by the Store Unit
to help track, store inventory and
control.
IN; Since the Corps is at the verge of
becoming a world class organisation
that is technology driven, what advise
do you have for the Corps?
AD: ICT is a practice that has not
been taken very seriously before the
year 2007. It came with full force
from middle part of 2007, some mem-
bers of the Corps are yet to appreci-
ate the real concept. They see it like
it has come to take their schedules,
but alas, it is only meant to enhance
our productivity. I will in my humble
opinion advise that any part of the
Corps that is yet to welcome ICT
should wake up now, embrace it so
they will reap the benefits that come
with it. However, that‘s the only way
we can achieve the dream of a world-
class organisation
IN: One of the Corps‘ 2011 strategic
goals is to improve the use of technol-
ogy platform, What can be done to
achieve this by all dept and corps of-
fices?
AD: The Corps has various departments
and corps offices that do one thing or
the other; everyone of them requires mi-
grating its activities to a supporting
technological platform,
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU DAMIAN (DRC)
6
Insight newsletter– August Edition
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH
but the members of the offices may
not be that technologically inclined to
know what platform to migrate to. I
advise that these offices should draw
closer to the ICT group so they will be
guided more appropriately so we can
get there .
I.N: How do you feel when you have to
come to work especially during public
holidays and weekends?
AD: It is not an easy experience but
we don‘t have choices but to come. It
will be appreciated if the management
of the Corps will see this the way you
see it and make the experience more
enjoyable
I.N: What are the challenges you face
in your job?
AD: You just asked how we feel coming
to work at odd days and hours, that‘s
part of it. ICT related issues are not
like ‗this is the way it is, go get it done‘
a task you envisage will take an hour
could keep you for days with complica-
tions coming as a result of your trying
to solve an issue. Your boss does not
need to know your challenges; he wants
good and positive results which you
must provide whether you work late or
during weekends
I.N: Where again have you worked be-
fore coming to ITC?
AD: I worked briefly in CPEO, then
PRS
I.N: Who is your role model?
AD: My role model is the present
Corps Marshal and Chief Executive
(Osita Chidoka) I see with him an
achievement that is uncommon in this
part of the world. He is a bundle of
intelligence, vigour and great drive
which is what every young man should
emulate
I.N: How will you want to see the
Corps in the next 100 years from
now?
AD: An organisation that is a refer-
ence point, that others will look for-
ward to emulating
I.N: What advice do you have for up-
coming programmers?
AD: It is a worthwhile endeavour.
Though it is brain-tasking but it is
good
I.N: Are you married?
AD: Yes
I.N: What are your hobbies?
AD: I love to read, teach, play foot-
ball and other games that promote
physical fitness
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU DAMIAN (DRC)
7
Cont. from last month’s edition
European-built cars are generally
more fuel-efficient than American ve-
hicles. While Europe has many higher
efficiency diesel cars, European gaso-
line vehicles are on average also more
efficient than gasoline-powered vehi-
cles in the USA. Most European vehi-
cles cited in the CSI study run on die-
sel engines, which tend to achieve
greater fuel efficiency than gas en-
gines. Selling those cars in the United
States is difficult because of emis-
sion standards, notes Walter
McManus, a fuel economy expert at
the University of Michigan Transpor-
tation Research Institute. ―For the
most part, European diesels don‘t
meet U.S. emission standards,‖
McManus said in 2007. Another rea-
son why many European models are
not marketed in the United States is
that labor unions object to having the
big 3 import any new foreign built
models regardless of fuel economy
while laying off workers at home.
An interesting example of European
cars' capabilities of fuel economy is
the microcar Smart Fortwo cdi, which
can achieve up to 3.4 l/100 km (69.2
mpg US) using a turbocharged three-
cylinder 41 bhp (30 kW) Diesel engine.
The two is produced by Daimler AG
and is currently only sold by one com-
pany in the United States. Further-
more, the current (and to date already
10 year old) world record in fuel econ-
omy of production cars is held by the
Volkswagen Group, with special produc-
tion models (labeled "3L") of the Volks-
wagen Lupo and the Audi A2, consuming
(NEDC ratified) as little as 2.99 litres
of diesel fuel per 100 kilometres (78
miles per US gallon or 94 miles per Im-
perial gallon).
Diesel engines generally achieve
greater fuel efficiency than petrol
(gasoline) engines. Passenger car diesel
engines have energy efficiency of up to
41% but more typically 30%, and petrol
engines of up to 37.3%, but more typi-
cally 20%. That is one of the reasons
why diesels have better fuel efficiency
than equivalent petrol cars. A common
margin is 25% more miles per gallon for
an efficient turbodiesel. For example,
the current model Skoda Octavia, using
Volkswagen engines, has a combined
European fuel efficiency of 41.3 mpg
for the 105 bhp (78 kW) petrol engine
and 52.3 mpg for the 105 bhp (78 kW)
— and heavier — diesel engine. The
higher compression ratio is helpful in
raising the energy efficiency, but die-
sel fuel also contains approximately
Insight newsletter- August Edition
FUEL EFFICIENCY 0I Ikoku (ARC)
8
10% more energy per unit volume than
gasoline which contributes to the re-
duced fuel consumption for a given
power output.
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N
FUEL EFFICIENCY IN TRANSPOR-
TATION
Fuel efficiency directly affects emis-
sions causing pollution by affecting the
amount of fuel used. However, it also
depends on the fuel source used to
drive the vehicle concerned. Cars can,
for example, run on a number of fuel
types other than gasoline, such as
natural gas, LPG or biofuel or electric-
ity which creates various quantities of
atmospheric pollution.
A kilogram of carbon, whether con-
tained in petrol, diesel, kerosene, or
any other hydrocarbon fuel in a vehi-
cle, leads to approximately 3.63 kg of
CO2 emissions. Due to the carbon con-
tent of gasoline, its combustion emits
2.32 kg/L (19.4 lb/US gal); since diesel
fuel is more energy dense per unit vol-
ume, diesel emits 2.66 kg/L (22.2 lb/
US gal). This figure is only the CO2
emissions of the final fuel product and
does not include additional CO2 emis-
sions created during the drilling, pump-
ing, transportation and refining steps
required to produce the fuel. Addi-
tional measures to reduce overall emis-
sion includes improvements to the effi-
ciency of air conditioners, lights and
tires.
D R I V I N G T E C H -
N I Q U E
Many tips are available from various
government and local sources to help
drivers improve their fuel efficiency.
There is a growing community of en-
thusiasts known as hypermilers who
develop and practice driving techniques
to increase fuel efficiency and reduce
consumption. Hypermilers have broken
records of fuel efficiency, for exam-
ple, achieving 109 miles per gallon in a
Prius. In non-hybrid vehicles these
techniques are also beneficial. Hyper-
miler Wayne Gerdes can get 59 MPG in
a Honda Accord and 30 MPG in an
Acura MDX.
The most efficient machines for con-
verting energy to rotary motion are
electric motors, as used in electric ve-
hicles. However, electricity is not a
primary energy source so the effi-
ciency of the electricity production
has also to be taken into account. Cur-
rently railway trains can be powered
using electricity, delivered through an
additional running rail, overhead cate-
nary system or by on-board generators
used in diesel-electric locomotives as
common on the UK rail network. Pollu-
tion produced from centralised genera-
tion of electricity is emitted at a dis-
tant power station, rather than "on
site". Some railways, such as the
French SNCF and Swiss federal rail-
ways derive most, if not 100% of their
power, from hydroelectric or nuclear
power stations, therefore atmospheric
pollution from their rail networks is
very low. This was reflected in a study
by AEA Technology between a Euro-
star train and airline journeys between
Insight newsletter– August Edition
FUEL EFFICIENCY 0I Ikoku (ARC)
9
London and Paris, which showed the
trains on average emitting 10 times
less CO2, per passenger, than planes,
helped in part by French nuclear gen-
eration. This can be changed using
more renewable sources for electric
generation.
In the future hydrogen cars may be
commercially available. Powered either
through chemical reactions in a fuel
cell that create electricity to drive
very efficient electrical motors or by
directly burning hydrogen in a combus-
tion engine (near identically to a natu-
ral gas vehicle, and similarly compatible
with both natural gas and gasoline);
these vehicles promise to have near
zero pollution from the tailpipe
(exhaust pipe). Potentially the atmos-
pheric pollution could be minimal, pro-
vided the hydrogen is made by elec-
trolysis using electricity from non-
polluting sources such as solar, wind, or
hydroelectricity.
In any process, it is vitally important
to account for all of the energy used
throughout the process. Thus, in addi-
tion to the energy cost of the electric-
ity or hydrogen production, we must
also account for transmission and/or
storage losses to support large-scale
use of such vehicles. For this reason
the use of the idea "zero pollution"
should be avoided.
Cont. from last month’s edition
These are helmets specifically designed for
South Asian and South-East Asian countries
with extremely hot and humid climates.
They are actually half-head helmets with
ventilation holes to provide a maximum flow
of air so as to reduce the heat. Their ex-
treme lightness of weight is achieved by us-
ing semi-rigid vacuum-forming PVC material.
Helmet use is effective at reducing head
injuries
Wearing a helmet is the single most effec-
tive way of reducing head injuries and fa-
talities resulting from motorcycle and bicy-
cle crashes. Motorcyclists who do not wear
helmets are at a much higher risk of sus-
taining head injuries and from dying from
these injuries. In addition, riders who do
not wear helmets place additional costs on
hospitals, while the disability that results
from these head injuries incurs costs at an
individual, family (or carer) and societal
level.
Systematic reviews have been published ex-
amining the effectiveness of both motorcy-
cle helmets and bicycle helmets. The review
on motorcycle helmets included 53 studies,
and summarized the current available evi-
dence on helmets and their impact on mor-
tality, as well as on head, face and neck in-
juries, following motorcycle crashes. Table
below provides a summary of the main re-
sults of this review.
Insight newsletter– August Edition
FUEL EFFICIENCY 0I Ikoku
MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD
DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-
SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS
NEEDED? BY CB NWOKOLO ARC
10
Insight newsletter– August Edition
MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-
SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS NEEDED?
Summary of systematic review of effectiveness of motorcycle Helmets
Not wearing a Helmet Wearing a Helmet
Increases the risk of sustaining a head
injury
Decreases the risk and severity of in-
juries by about 71%
Increases the severity of head injuries
Increases the time spent in hospital Decreases the cost of health care as-
sociated with crashes
Increases the likelihood of dying from
a head injury
Decreases the likelihood of death by
up to 39%, with the probability de-
pending on the speed of the motorcy-
cle involved
Source: Liu B et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. The Coch-
rane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005(4).
The following are the main conclusions of this research:
Motorcycle helmets reduce the risk of mortality and head injury in motorcycle
riders who crash, although the effect on death may be modified by other
factors surrounding the crash, such as the speed which the motorcyclist
was travelling as at when the crash occurred. Crashes at higher speeds may
result in multiple injuries likely to cause death, regardless of how well the
head is protected.
There was not enough evidence to determine the effect of motorcycle helmets
on face or neck injuries, although some studies suggest that helmets have
no effect on the risk of neck injuries but are protective for face injuries.
There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate whether differences in helmet
types (full-face versus open-face) confer more or less advantage in injury
reduction. Further research should be conducted to determine the effec-
tiveness (and cost effectiveness) of different helmet types – especially
those used in low-income and middle-income countries – on mortality and on
head, neck and face injuries.
11
Insight newsletter– August Edition
MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-
SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS NEEDED?
Increasing motorcycle helmet use in
countries where such use has been
low is likely to dramatically reduce
head injury and death. Policy-makers
would do well to consider measures
to increase helmet use, such as legis-
lation for compulsory helmet use and
its enforcement, along with commu-
nity education campaigns.
Summary
The risk of being injured or killed in
a traffic collision is much higher for
motorcycle users than for users of
four-wheeled vehicles.
Motorcycle users make up a high pro-
portion of overall traffic injuries and
death, particularly in low-income and
middle-income countries, where mo-
torcycle ownership is high.
Injuries to the head and neck are
the main causes of death, severe
injury and disability among users
of motorcycles and bicycles. In
some countries head injuries are
estimated to account for up to
88% of such fatalities.
Helmets aim to reduce the risk of
serious head and brain injuries by re-
ducing the impact of a force or colli-
sion to the head.
The correct use of a helmet consid-
erably decreases the risk and sever-
ity of head injuries.
Programmes that set and enforce
mandatory helmet legislation are ef-
fective increasing helmet-wearing
rates and thus reducing head injuries
and fatalities.
There is strong international support
for helmet-wearing programmes.
References 1. Peden M et al, eds. World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World Health
Organization, 2004 (www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/en/,
accessed 4 July 2006).
2. Koornstra M et al. Sunflower: a comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Leidschendam, SWOV (Institute for Road Safety
Research), 2003.
3. Mohan D. Traffic safety and health in Indian cities. Journal of Transport and Infrastructure, 2002,
9:79–94.
4. Traffic Safety Facts. Motorcycle helmet laws. Washington, D.C., National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration, 2004 (www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/New-fact-sheet03/MotorcycleHelmet.
pdf, accessed 4 July 2006). Turn to page 23
12
Imagine that you find yourself in
your car on a pleasurable ride down a
busy road. You alone. Only that this
time you are not on the wheel! In
fact, you are on the passenger‘s seat
watching a documentary on your ipad
while the car is cruising at 60km/
hr? Hard to believe? Google is say-
ing it is no longer imagination but
soon to be reality as it has already
extensively tested driver-less cars.
Google is nearly ready to introduce
the driver-less, remotely controlled
cars into the market. Google de-
clares that with the fuel efficient
driver-less cars there would be
fewer accidents. Further these cars
are always controlled remotely by a
human operator.
After conducting field tests for
140,000 miles, Google, in Nevada,
U.S.A, is lobbying for a legislation
that permits it to run driverless-
cars. The Assembly has allowed the
bill with a couple of amend-
ments. The first which permits
testing and licensing of such cars has
been passed. The second which is to
permit the person in the driver‘s
seat to text or use his phone is in
debate.
Sebastian Thrun, a Professor of
Computer Science and Electrical En-
gineering at Stanford University
helped build Google's amazing driver-
less car, powered by a very personal
quest to save lives and
reduce traffic accidents. Sebastian who is
also the Director of the Stanford AI Lab is a
researcher whose research focuses on ro-
botics and artificial intelligence.
Innovators are unhappy,‖ he said. ―They feel
the pain of an unsolved problem and ask what
can I do about it? And what can I get other
people to do about it?‖
―Sebastian‘s pain is personal: When he was
growing up in Germany, a car accident Killed a
childhood friend, and last November, another
accident claimed the life of a co-worker.
―Both crashes were avoidable,‖ the scientist
said.
Insight newsletter– August Edition
GOOGLE‘S DRIVELESS CAR
Google driveless car
Google driveless car
13
Insight newsletter– August Edition
GOOGLE‘S DRIVELESS CAR
These have necessitated him to de-
velop unmanned robotic cars that drive
more safely. "I'm in service of human-
ity," he said.
In 2005, Sebastian Thrun, led the win-
ning team in the government's $2 mil-
lion DARPA challenge. His vehicle drove
itself across the 132-mile desert race-
course.
Afterward, he hired two of his com-
petitors to join him at Google and take
their work to the street. So far, their
unmanned vehicles have driven more
than 140,000 miles, along California's
coast, through highway construction
zones, local traffic, and even on San
Francisco's famed Lombard Street.
Each car is equipped with sensors that
gather millions of data points per sec-
ond about the surroundings and differ-
entiate cars, pedestrians, birds etc.
Since there are computers known to
land planes when pilots don't have
enough visibility there is no doubt that
Google‘s drive-less car will make it.
You are not here merely to make a
living. You are here in order to enable
the world to live more amply, with
greater vision, with a finer spirit of
hope and achievement. You are here to
enrich the world, and you impoverish
yourself if you forget the errand."
Woodrow Wilson
"Confidence is a habit that can be
developed by acting as if you already
had the confidence you desire to have."
Brian Tracy
"How committed are you? There is a
remarkable difference between a
commitment of 99% and 100%."
Vic Conant
"You'll seldom experience regret for
anything that you've done. It is what
you haven't done that will torment you.
The message, therefore, is clear. Do it!
Develop an appreciation for the present
moment. Seize every second of your life
and savour it. Value your present
moments. Using them up in any self
defeating ways means you've lost them
forever."
Dr Wayne Dyer
"A life lived with integrity even if it
lacks the trappings of fame and fortune
is a shining star in whose light others
may follow in the years to come."
Denis Waitley
It is our attitude at the beginning of a
difficult task which, more than anything
else, will affect its successful
outcome."
William James
BE INSPIRED!
Prof. Sebastian Thrun
14
Insight newsletter– August Edition
PULHHEEMS DR AIYUDU,DI (CRC)
The PULHHEEMS is a system of grading
physical and mental fitness used by Brit-
ish Armed Forces. PULHHEEMS is tri-
service, which is to say that it is used by
the British Army, the Royal Navy and
the Royal Air Force. Its purpose is to
determine the suitability of its employ-
ees for posting into military zones. It is
not a fitness test as such; rather, it is a
test of suitability for purpose.
The PULHHEEMS system, or variations
of it, is also used by several members of
the British Commonwealth, including Sin-
gapore, Canada, Australia and New Zea-
land. The USA uses a system called PUL-
HES. In civilian life, there is a similar
system called PULSES, which is used to
grade levels of disability; it differs from
the PULHHEEMS in that it also exam-
ines the digestive system, something
which the PULHHEEMS does not.
For new recruits it is part of the first
step into the armed forces, whilst for es-
tablished service people it is a require-
ment of ongoing employment. Although a
PULHHEEMS is carried out on new re-
cruits, it is not itself an entrance exami-
nation, the attributes of which depend on
the unit conducting the examination.
The examination is carried out on re-
cruits, and five-yearly after a serviceman
or woman reaches the age of 30. After
the age of 50, people in service are ex-
amined every two years. All Generals of
any persuasion must be examined yearly.
Furthermore, service personnel under the
age of 30 are required to undergo a
PULHHEEMS in order to attend certain
courses, whether occupational or promo-
tional, and also if medically downgraded.
A PULHHEEMS is also carried out prior
to leaving the armed forces, in part be-
cause many former servicemen remain as
reserves.
The PULHHEEMS examination can result
in medical downgrading if fitness stan-
dards do not reach required levels,
whether as a consequence of injury, ne-
glect, pregnancy, or old age. Downgrading
can reduce a serviceman's pay, and pre-
vent him or her from attending courses,
which in turn can prevent the serviceman
from being promoted. Ultimately a seri-
ous, permanent medical downgrade can
result in discharge from the armed
forces on medical grounds.
PULHHEEMS is an abbreviation for the
factors it is intended to test.
15
Insight newsletter– August Edition
PULHHEEMS
These include:
Physique
Upper limbs
Lower limbs (or 'Locomotion', as this in-
cludes the back)
Hearing (left)
Hearing (right)
Eyesight left (corrected / uncorrected)
Eyesight right (corrected / uncorrected)
Mental function
Stability (emotional)
SCORING
The attributes examined in PULHHEEMS
receive a score from 1 to 8, with 1 being
excellent and 8 being unfit for service.
Although in theory, all attributes can be
scored from 1 to 8, in practice only eye-
sight and hearing can be graded 1. Al-
though there is provision for grading a
serviceman's physical measurements as
P1, the examination required would be im-
possible within the constraints of the
PULHHEEMS system.
The Mental and Stability measurements
are not exhaustive psychological examina-
tions. The former is a test of the ability
to form coherent thought processes,
whilst the latter is a measurement of the
serviceman's stress level.
PES/MES
Once a person in service has undergone a
PULHHEEMS, they receive a score. In
the Royal Air Force (RAF), the score is
the MES, which stands for "Medical
Employment Status." In the other
branches, the score is the PES, which
stands for "PULHHEEMS Employment
Status". This PES is used to determine
whether the soldier is "employable in full
combatant duties (in any area) in any
part of the world" or if they must re-
main away from the combat area, or
within a specific geographic limitation.
Sometimes it may be used in determining
whether they are unfit for all duties. A
PES grade of P2 is excellent, that of P7
is very poor, and P8 is unfit for duty.
MES encapsulates the suitability of per-
sonnel for posting in the air, on the
ground, and in different climates. Thus,
a fully-fit RAF serviceman will be graded
A1G1Z1 rather than P2. Conversely the
Royal Navy, which includes the Royal Ma-
rines, makes no distinction between
postings at sea or on land.
HISTORY
The PULHHEEMS system dates from
WWII, although before 1983 it was sim-
ply PULHEEMS with one H. It replaced
an earlier, simpler system which dated
from before WWI in which soldiers
were graded from A1 to D3 in four
bands of three ratings.
16
Many drivers take drugs or medicine at some time in their life. Few realise how they
can affect their driving.
Drugs may be taken for many reasons. Some medical; drugs, such as mild painkillers
taken for headaches, are unlikely to affect most drivers seriously. Others, such as an-
tihistamines taken from hay fever, can cause drowsiness and are therefore dangerous
if taken before driving.
Drugs prescribed for serious medical conditions may have side effect while driving. So
check with your doctor and follow his advice.
Non– medical drugs (such as cannabis, cocaine or heroin) or medical drugs taken for
non-medical reasons (such as amphetamines to stay awake) are illegal in many countries
and dangerous to ALL drivers
REMEMBER: Never drive after taking drugs unless they have been declared safe by a
doctor.
CULLED FROM:
THE AFRICAN HIGHWAY CODE
A GUIDE FOR DRIVERS OF HIGHWAY GOODS VEHICLE (VERSION FOR DRIVING
ON THE RIGHT)
Insight newsletter- August Edition
FITNESS TO DRIVE – DRUG
17
Everyone knows the signs of fatigue such as yawning or aches and pains in the back
eyes. There are simple ways to prevent tiredness.
YOU
Obey National Laws regarding driving time. As a general rule, don‘t drive for more than
four hours without break. In any period of 24 hours, don‘t drive for a total of more
than 10 hours. When you have a break, get out of the cab and go for a short walk.
Eat carefully before and during a journey. A large meal can make you fell drowsy. Eat-
ing nothing at all is equally bad.
NEVER take drugs or medicines to help keep you awake.
AT NIGHT
Night driving can be particularly dangerous if you are not used to it. Both driving in
heavy traffic and driving along straight roads at night can be specially tiring.
The worst time is the early morning when your body normally wants to sleep. If you
feel sleepy, have a break.
REMEMBER: Avoid driving for more than 4 hours without a break
CULLED FROM:
THE AFRICAN HIGHWAY CODE
A GUIDE FOR DRIVERS OF HIGHWAY GOODS VEHICLE (VERSION FOR DRIVING
ON THE RIGHT)
Insight newsletter– August Edition
FITNESS TO DRIVE – FATIGUE
18
CAUTION
One day a lady licked the envelopes and postage stamps instead of using a sponge /
Gum.
That very day the lady found a cut on her tongue.
A week later, she noticed an abnormal swelling on her tongue..
She went to the doctor, and they found nothing wrong. Her tongue was not sore or
anything.
A couple of days later, her tongue started to swell more, and it began to get really
sore, so sore, that she could not eat..
She went back to the hospital, and demanded something to be done. The doctor took
an x-ray of her tongue and noticed a lump.
He prepared her for minor surgery.. When the doctor cut her tongue open,
a live cockroach crawled out!!!!
There were cockroach eggs on the seal of the envelope. The egg was able to hatch
inside of her tongue, because of her saliva. It was warm and moist.
Andy Hume wrote:
Hey, I used to work in an envelope factory.. You wouldn't believe the things that
float around in those gum applicator trays.
I haven't licked an envelope for years. I used to work for a print shop (32 years ago)
and we were told NEVER to lick the envelopes.
I never understood why until I had to go into storage and pull out 2500 envelopes
that were already printed and saw several squads of cockroaches roaming around in-
side a couple of boxes with eggs everywhere.
They eat the glue on the envelopes.
Insight newsletter- August Edition
FROM MY MAIL BOX
19
Insight newsletter- August Edition
COMACE POWER POINT PRESENTATION AT THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY
COMMISSION ON 14 APRIL, 2011 CONT FROM MAY EDITION
Restoring the integrity of the National Uniform Licensing Scheme (NULS)
13
• Improvement of the national drivers‘ license
• The process is up and running in the 36
states and the Federal Capital Territory
Abuja.
• New number plate design approved by The
Federal Executive Council
• Built two additional number-plate
manufacturing plants in Gwagwalada and Awka
to complement Lagos plant
Improved funding
14
• Capital vote has increased from N670
million in 2007 to N6.5 billion in 2010
• Total appropriation has increased from
N12 billion in 2007 to N22.1 billion in
2010
• Budget performance has been at 98%
since 2007
• Attracted World Bank funding of $10
million
Budgetary appropriation (2006 – 2010)
15
Total Appropriation (N)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1,504,500,000.00 12,078,275,730.00 16,453,032,834.00 14,500,919,005.10 22,130,677,802.33
Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011
Building internal human capacity
16
Creation of new departments and Units such as:
• Safety Engineering Department (SED)
• Investigates causes of road crashes involving 6+ fatalities.• Carries out road audit for planning and advisory purposes
• Training Standards and Certification Department (TSC)• The department is in charge of staff training• Sports and Physical Education
• Corps planning Office (CPL)• The Corps Office is in charge of strategic planning for the Corps
• Project Implementation Office (PIO)• In charge of project implementation for the Corps
• Planning Advisory Unit (PAU)• In charge of data collation and conversion to intelligence for management decision
making
• Staff housing estate with 546 units
• FRSC academy nearing completion at Udi, Enugu State
• Establishment of microfinance bank (Safeline Micro bank)
• Increase in number of courses and number of staff attending local and international courses
(48 foreign and 3,387 local)
Building internal human capacity (II)
17
• Promotion of 417 officers and 1784
marshals to the next rank
• Renovation of offices
• Introduction of fleet management
system for managing our fleet of
vehicles
• Motivation of staff that performed well
at work
• Three additional office space rented as
a headquarters annex to provide
additional office space
• Upgraded the staff uniform :
• The use of uniforms numbers 1-6
as it is obtainable in the military
and paramilitary setting
Building internal human capacity (III)
18
New FRSC Academy, Udi
Building internal human capacity (IV)
19
FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)
Before After
Building internal human capacity (IV)
20
FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)
Before After
20
Insight newsletter- August Edition
COMACE POWER POINT PRESENTATION AT THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY
COMMISSION ON 14 APRIL, 2011 CONT FROM MAY EDITION
Building internal human capacity (IV)
21
FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)
Before After
Building internal human capacity (IV)
22
FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)
Before After
Building internal human capacity (V)
23
FRSC Uniform Licensing Scheme Plant
FRSC dress protocol
24
Dress no 1 Dress no 1Dress no 2Dress no 2
Dress no 4
Dress no 3
Dress no 6Dress no 5 Dress no 5 + cardigan
The FRSC dashboard [2010 Cumulative (week 1 – 52, 2010)]
26Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011
COMPARATIVE CUMULATIVE FOR MVA, OPS, CMRS, CTSO & TSC 2009 AND 2010 (WEEK 1 - 52)S/N DEPARTMENTS & CORPS OFFICES (ACTIVITIES) INCREASE/DECREASE
2009 2010 %
1 MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATION
NVIS 1,038,535 615,044 (423,491) -40.78
NDL 301,521 394,373 92,852 30.79
2 OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
OFFENDERS 492,660 550,560 57,900 11.75
OFFENCES 492,628 610,315 117,687 23.89
3 CORPS MEDICAL AND RESCUE SERVICES (CMRS)
RTCs 8,875 5,330 (3,545) -39.94
VEHICLES INVOLVED 12,832 8,677 (4,155) -32.38
CASUALTIES
KILLED 5,654 4,065 (1,589) -28.10
INJURED 25,046 18,094 (6,952) -27.76
TOTAL INVOLVED 38,672
4 CORPS TRANSPORT STANDARDIZATION OFFICE
FLEET OPERATORS REGISTRATION (WK 52 2009/10) 2,058 605 (1,453) -70.60
FLEET OPERATORS REGISTRATION TILL DATE 2,721
PASSENGERS TRAVELLED (WK 52 2009/10) 47,269,086 63,231,933 15,962,847 33.77
VEHICLES TRAVELLED (WK 52 2009/10) 5,856,378 5,066,156 (790,222) -13.49
VEHICLE KILOMETRE COVERAGE 601,453,669 2,348,466,359 1,747,012,690 290.47
5 TRAINING, STANDARDS & CERTIFICATION
NUMBER OF DRIVERS TRAINED 1,811 1,728 -83 -4.58
DRIVING SCH. REG. 485 70 -415 -85.57
DRIVING SCH. MONITORING (BY FIELD CMD) 81
DRIVING SCH. INSPECTION & CERTIFICATION 228 208 -20 -8.77
CUMULATIVE
FRSC‘s Road Traffic Crash analysis for week 13, 2011
27Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011
Creating a robust regulatory environment
29
• Driving School Standardization Program (DSSP)
• Program launched to restore Drivers training through Driving Schools
• 343 Driving schools registered
• 208 Driving Schools certified
• Road Transport Safety Standardization Scheme
• Prescribes minimum standards for all fleets with more than 5 Vehicles
• 2,721 fleet registered
• 927 fleet certified
• 307 Safety Managers trained
• 1,459 Drivers trained
• School Bus Program
• Draft policy and standards in place
• Meeting with Major stakeholders is on-going
• Sensitization of all other stakeholders is on going
26Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011
21
The importance of good vision when
driving cannot be overlooked. Before a
person can have a driving licence, the
applicant will be required to complete a
vision screening. The condition of the
eyes affects the individual‘s ability to
operate a vehicle safely. Visual Acuity,
binocular vision and colour vision must
be explicit.
Vision test is practised in the following
countries; USA, South Africa, Canada,
and Australia as a standard for global
best practices.
To obtain a regular driver‘s license in
Australia, the applicant must pass a vis-
ual test, that is;
1.You must be able to see AT LEAST
the ―6/12‖ line on the eye chart
2.Your horizontal visual field must be
more than 120 degrees
The applicant will not be granted a li-
cense if he has one of the following ail-
ments:
I. Double vision when looking straight
ahead
II. Loss of vision in one eye
III. Should not drive for three months
after loss
IV. Eye infections
It should be noted that Visual Stan-
dards for a commercial vehicle license
are more rigorous
Reasons for decreased vision include;
I. Refractive error - short-sightedness,
long-sightedness or astigmatism
I Ocular disease - cataract, glaucoma,
age-related macular degeneration
III. Injury to the eye
DISEASES OF THE EYES
The eyes should have a normal focus.
However some diseases can cause eye
defects. They include the following:
-Short sightedness (myopia) distance
vision blur
-Long sightedness (Hyperopia) diffi-
culty seeing clearly comfortably up
close objects
The eyes may require a correction of
Insight newsletter- July Edition
DRIVING AND VISION DO ENAKIRERU (ARC)
22
.refractive error by the use of pre-
scribed eye glasses by an Optometrist.
A tint may be useful
-Especially important at night or in wet
conditions
-Some people who pass the test will still
feel more comfortable with glasses
CATARACT
-Mostly caused by ageing
-Cloudy lens inside eye
-Gradual loss of vision
-Difficulty with glare
DIABETES
-Commonly affects eyes
-Severity of condition depends on the
amount of time diabetic and control of
blood sugar level.
GLAUCOMA
-Disease of optic nerve
-Affects peripheral vision first
-Difficult to detect in early stages
-Early treatment is best
COLOUR VISION DEFECT
-Most commonly red/green
-8% of males, 0.5 % of females
-Varies in severity
-Can affect brightness of traffic lights
and brake lights
Having a colour vision defect is not a
restriction to getting a normal license;
however it may prevent you from ob-
taining a license for a commercial motor
vehicle.Regular eye checks are highly
recommended. Every two years every-
one needs these regular checks espe-
cially over 40years of age and if you
wear glasses already.
In order to pass the driving test, visual
acuity should be at 6/10 level (Snellen)
when corrected by glasses, contact
lenses, etc., and have reasonable visual
fields.
A person should be able to clearly see
the letter on a car number plate (3.5
inches, or 79.4 mm high) with corrected
vision (or normal vision) from 25 yards
(20.5 metres). This is approximately
equivalent to 6/10 (or 0.6 metric.)
Monocular (one- eyed) vision is allowed,
provided the field is greater than 120
degrees.
A person is allowed to drive, with a col-
our defect, also with double vision, as
long as the double vision can be cor-
rected with prismatic spectacles or an
eye patch on one eye worn, while driving.
A monocular person can have a normal
(Group 1) driving licence, provided the
visual acuity requirement is met, and
that there is one good normal field of
vision.
If a person has had a stroke or other
brain or ocular damage such that they
are unaware of or ignore one part of
their visual field or part of their body
they must not drive.
Insight newsletter- July Edition
) DRIVING AND VISION DO ENAKIRERU (ARC)
23
An Optometrist provides a comprehensive visual examination, analyse and treat coordi-
nated problems, prescribe, supply and repair spectacles and contact lenses.
Your safety on the road includes having a clear vision to read road signs, see traffic
light, and brake light .You do not need to be told to go for regular checks, because
your safety is in your hands. It begins with you.
Sources:
www.dwp.gov.uk/publications
www.vicoptom.asm.au
Insight newsletter- July Edition
DRIVING AND VISION DO ENAKIRERU (ARC)
5. Suriyawongpaisal P, Kanchanusut S. Road traffic injuries in Thailand: trends, selected underlying
determinants and status of intervention. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2003, 10:95–104.
6. Umar R. Helmet initiatives in Malaysia. In: Proceedings of the 2nd World Engineering Congress.
Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, Institution of Engineers, July 2002.
7. Zhang J et al. Motorcycle ownership and injury in China. Injury Control & Safety Promotion,
2004, 11:159–163.
8. Motorcycle safety helmets. COST 327. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities, 2001.
9. Blincoe L et al. The economic impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2000. Washington, D.C., National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2002 (DOT HS-809-446).
10. Kulanthayan S et al. Compliance of proper safety helmet usage in motorcyclists. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 2000, 55:40–44.
11. Wells S et al. Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study. British Medical Journal, 2004, 328:857.
12. Brandt M et al. Hospital cost is reduced by motorcycle helmet use. Journal of Trauma, Infection and Critical Care, 2002, 53:469–471.
13. Liu B et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005 (4).
MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-
SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS NEEDED? Cont from pg 11
24
4. Gear changing
Fails to change when required
Clashes gear excessively
Jerks vehicle
5. When driving
Rest elbow on window
Fails to keep both hands in correct posi-
tion on wheel
Rides the clutch
Safe distance from preceeding vehicle
6. Cornering
Fails to take correct course
Fails to adopt safe speed
Crosses white line unnecessarily and
climbs round wheel
7. Turning to right/left
Fails to take correct course
Fails to look in mirror
Fails to give adequate signs
Fails to engage appropriate gear
Fails to adopt safe speed
Obstructs traffic
8.Stopping and parking
Fails to take correct course
Fails to look in mirror
Fails to give adequate signal (s) Brakes
violently
Labours or stalls engine
Fails to apply handbrake
Fails to put gears in neutral when on
level
Fails to stop in position indicate
Insight newsletter- July Edition
CHECK– LIST FOR DRIVING TEST
.1. When first entering vehicle
Fails to check handbrake on
Fails to check gears in neutral
Fails to check driving position for comfort
Fails to check driving mirror (s)
2. Starting up
Fails to switch on ignition
Fails to depress clutch
Excessive use of Starter motor
3. Moving off
Fails to look in mirror
Fails to give adequate signal
Fails to release handbrake
Excessive/insufficient revs
Obstructs traffic
25
A S T O R Y : L I S T E N A N D L I V E
Insight newsletter- July Edition
Moves at excessive speed
Fails to enter opening indicated
14. Emergency stop
Inadequate control of vehicle
15. Traffic signs
Fails to obey mandatory prohibitory signs
Fails to obey traffic controller
Fails to obey traffic light
Disregards warning signs
16. Vision
Fails to read a distance of twenty five
yards in good daylight, a motor vehicle
identification mark, containing six letters
and figures
17. General
Drives at excessive speed
Drives dangerously
Fails to concentrate
Indecisive/overconfidence
Fails to act on signals other road users
Uses horn incorrectly
Accelerator control jerk
.Fails to park in safe place
9. Overtaking
Fails to look in mirror
Fails to give adequate signal (s)
Fails to change gear when required
Fails to take correct course
Obstruct traffic
Cuts in
Overtakes in a dangerous place
10. Being overtaken
Fails to take correct course
Accelerates
11. Moving off uphill
Fails to look in mirror
Fails to give adequate signal
Fails to release handbrake
Excessive/insufficient revs
Obstructs traffic
Moves backwards
12. Turning round in a road
Fails to look in mirror
Fails to give adequate signal
Fails to adopt correct course
Fails to engage appropriate gear
Fails to reverse when stationary
Moves in wrong direction
Obstruct traffic unnecessarily
13. Reversing
Fails to check clear road behind
Fails to correct course
26
A S T O R Y : L I S T E N A N D L I V E
Insight newsletter- July Edition
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
IPAD AND ANDROID Part 2
The iPad is the first Apple product to
employ the A4, a new processor devel-
oped by Apple. The iPad's processor
runs at 1 Ghz. It includes an optional al-
ways-on cellular Internet connection
through AT&T.
Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is
controlled by a multitouch display—a
departure from most previous tablet
computers, which used a pressure-
triggered stylus—as well as a virtual on-
screen keyboard in lieu of a physical
keyboard. The iPad uses a wireless local
area network ("Wi-Fi") connection to ac-
cess local area networks and the Inter-
net. Some models also have a 3G wire-
less network interface which can con-
nect to HSPA or EV-DO data networks
and on to the Internet. The device is
managed and synced by iTunes running
on a personal computer via USB cable.
Apple's first tablet computer was the
Newton MessagePad 100, introduced in
1993, which led to the creation of the
ARM6 processor core with Acorn Com-
puters. Apple also developed a proto-
type PowerBook Duo-based tablet, the
PenLite, but decided not to sell it in or-
der to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.
Apple released several more Newton-
based PDAs; the final one, the Mes-
sagePad 2100, was discontinued in 1998.
Apple re-entered the mobile-computing
markets in 2007 with the iPhone.
Smaller than the iPad but featuring a
camera and mobile phone, it pioneered
the multitouch finger-sensitive touch-
screen interface of Apple's iOS mobile
operating system. By late 2009, the
iPad's release had been rumored for
several years. Such speculation mostly
talked about "Apple's tablet"; specific
names included iTablet and iSlate. The
eventual name is reportedly a homage to
the Star Trek PADD, a fictional device
very similar in appearance to the iPad.
The iPad was announced on January 27,
2010, by Steve Jobs at an Apple press
conference at the Yerba Buena Center
for the Arts in San Francisco.
Jobs later said that Apple began devel-
oping the iPad before the iPhone, but
temporarily shelved the effort upon re-
alizing that its ideas would work just as
well in a mobile phone. The iPad's inter-
nal codename was K48, which was re-
vealed in the court case surrounding
leaking of iPad information before
launch.
TO BE CONT’D IN THE NEXT EDI-TION
27
A S T O R Y : L I S T E N A N D L I V E
Insight newsletter- July Edition
Steve Jobs: A story of great inspi-
ration aesthetic. His LSD trips as a young man ex-
panded his mind and helped breed Apple's
counterculture.
During a commencement speech in 2005 at
the Stanford University, US he told the
graduates that, "You can't connect the dots
looking forward; you can only connect them
looking backwards. So you have to trust
that the dots will somehow connect in your
future. You have to trust in something --
your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.
This approach has never let me down, and it
has made all the difference in my life."
Steve Jobs was born February 24, 1955. In
his early stage, he showed an early interest
in electronics. As a teenager, he phoned
William Hewlett, president of Hewlett-
Packard, to request parts for a school pro-
ject. He got them, along with a summer job
offer at HP....
To be continued in the next edition
One of the great innovators of our
time, Steve Jobs stepped down as
CEO of apple leaving indelible marks
on the sand of time. He stepped
down as a result of his illness.
Somehow, he has proved a point that
anyone can be what he wants to be no
matter his condition or background.
As long as you stick to your goal, you
will achieve it. According to him,
"The only way to be truly satisfied is
to do what you believe is great
work". It was said that Steve Jobs
dropped out of college after one se-
mester and quit one of his first jobs
to backpack in India. Today, he has
made a tremendous impact on how
the world consumes digital content.
His early experiences in life shaped
his creative ingenuity; the graceful
brush strokes of the calligraphy
class influenced his elegant Apple
28
-
Converting data into intelligence for making evidence
based decision
-Conducting global monitoring and benchmarking
-Conducting surveys and internal consulting for depart-
ments and Corps offices
-Offering technical assistance and coaching to depart-
ments and Corps offices
P L A N N I N G A D V I S O R Y U N I T
Federal Road Safety Corps
RSHQ,
Wuse Zone 7, Abuja, Nigeria
Abuja
Phone:
+234 8077201236,
+234 7036136152
E-mail: [email protected]
For Advert Placement,
Please Contact The Editor
Insight newsletter- July Edition