Inter with Asochukwu (DRC) 3

Google‘s Driveless Car 11

PULHHEEMS 13

Driving & Vision 20

Checklist for driving test 23

Many More

Inside this issue:

Insight newsletter– August 2011 Edi-

GOOGLE‘S DRIVELESS CAR

Publisher: Osita Chidoka

Corps Marshal/Chief Executive

Editor–In–Chief:OC Oladele (DCC)

Editor: KD Alegieuno (ARC)

Members:

VO Ogunnupebi (ACC)

AR Obagbemiro (SRC)

CB Nwokolo ARC)

DO Enakireru (ARC)

0I Ikoku (ARC)

EDITORIAL BOARD

Insight

FRSC N iger i a : s t rong l y comm i t ted to the UN Decade of Act i o n

...Knowing a little about everything

Volume 1, Issue 8

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU (DRC)

The PULHHEEMS is a

system of grading

physical and mental

fitness used by British

Armed Forces.

2

Have you ever

wondered where

the Chameleon ‗s

48 inches tongue,

which measures

twice as the

length of a cha-

meleon resides in

the animal?.

God craftically

created the cha-

meleon's tongue

to coil inside its

mouth in the

shape of a cata-

pult similar to

the French‘s

lesson ,the FRSC of

the future that

wants to perform

optimally, can learn

from the speed of

the chameleon‘s

tongue.

Steve Jobs the re-

tiring CEO of Apple

Inc, USA, manufac-

turer of iPad learnt

this lesson. We con-

tinued in this edition

the inspiring story

of how Apple Inc

that was almost

bankrupt 20 yrs ago

has now through

iPad becomes the

world‘s most valu-

able company.

Grossing nearly

$1trillion, Apple has

valued more than

companies like

Exxon Mobil,

trebuchet.

The Chameleon's

tongue extends

faster than the hu-

man eyes can follow,

at about 26 body

lengths per second

and can hit the prey

at about 30 thou-

sandths of a second.

Although created

without a natural

eye, apart from its

capacity to change

seamlessly to the

colour of the envi-

ronment, the chame-

leon's speed in

catching a prey is

amazingly said to

be faster than the

take off speed of a

rocket.

There is certainly a

Insight newsletter- August Edition

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

3

Chevron, Hallibur-

ton and Microsoft.

You can also read

in this edition

goggle‘s story on

why you may not

need a driver

again to drive a

car. If you are

still wondering

about the possi-

bility of such

‗‘crazy idea‘‘, you

will find out in

this edition how

the designers of

the car have com-

menced lobbying

the US Senate to

make legislation

on allowing the

use of the car on

American high-

ways .

Have you ever

failed drivers

QUOTABLE QUOTES ON

ROAD SAFETY

Accidents hurt - safety

doesn't.

The door to safety swings

on the hinges of common

sense.

Know safety, no

crash. No safety, know

crash.

Prepare and prevent,

don't repair and repent

Road sense is the off-

spring of courtesy and

the parent of safety.

Maud van Buren

Safety is as simple as

ABC - Always Be Careful.

We now have unshakable

conviction that accident

causes are man-made and

that a manmade problem

can be solved by men and

women of proven integ-

rity. ~W.H. Cameron

Chance takers are acci-

dent makers.

License test be-

fore?. Do not

worry as you pre-

pare to attend

the next drivers

examination for

obtaining a driv-

ers license, this

edition will guide

you into the se-

crets of what the

examiner would

assess you on.

PULHHEEMS ,

that term you al-

ways find in your

APER form, filled

by the medical of-

ficer, is explained

in detail in this

edition, and sev-

eral other inter-

esting stories.

Happy reading.

Insight newsletter- August Edition

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

4

Insight newsletter- August Edition

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH

Information Technology is a fundamen-

tal factor to rapid organisational

growth and development in our society

today. In a bid to become a world class

organisation, FRSC has embraced the

use of information technology as one

of the key elements to achieving its

mission. Recently, Insight crew had an

interview with one of the officers who

works in the ICT Unit of the Corps, a

young man with unparalleled computer

based knowledge. He obliged the inter-

view as he was about jetting to China

as part of Nigeria's delegation on cy-

ber security. Here is the excerpt of

the interview.

I.N: May we meet you?

AD: My name is Asochukwu Damian

from Ihiala in Anambra State

I.N: Tell us about your educational

background including your professional

qualification?

AD: I have a Bachelor and Masters de-

grees in Computer Science from the

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.

I have System Administrator, and Mi-

crosoft Professional certificates from

NIIT. I also have Oracle SQL certifi-

cate from Digital Bridge Institute .

IN: we understand that you are an ex-

pert in IT, what is your area of exper-

tise?

AD: I am into System Administration

using Microsoft platforms; I do appli-

cation development; I do hardware

maintenance and repairs

I.N: What is your role in ICT?

AD: I am part of some of the teams in

ITC like: software development, main-

tenance, system administration. I also

work with other teams if need arises.

I.N: What are the effects of ICT to

the overall goal of the Corps?

AD: ITC is the arm of the Corps that

practices ICT (Information and Com-

munication Technology). ITC is natu-

rally a support arm of the Corps in

terms of ICT, it enhances and makes

more efficient the jobs of all the op-

erational arms of the Corps. The

Corps has as one of its goals to be a

world-class organisation and that is

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU DAMIAN (DRC)

5

Insight newsletter– August Edition

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH

why it is going with standards set by

ISO. You can agree with me that only

ICT can drive us to that point. Today

one can check if his driver‘s licence is

genuine or not by simply going to FRSC

official website; he can also apply right

there for renewal, and so on simply be-

cause of ICT. The effects are every-

where.

IN: what training have you attended?

AD: I was part of the team that was

trained in US by L1 Secure Credential-

ing of USA to man the new drivers‘ li-

cence scheme

IN: We heard that you developed some

applications for the Corps, what are

these applications?

AD: I was part of the software team

that developed an application to assist

the Driving School Standardization

Programme. The application helps to

capture and store data from regis-

tered driving schools in the country. I

was also involved in the application cur-

rently in use by the Special Marshals

and Partnership Department in gath-

ering and storing the records of Spe-

cial Marshals. I was also involved in

the application used by the Store Unit

to help track, store inventory and

control.

IN; Since the Corps is at the verge of

becoming a world class organisation

that is technology driven, what advise

do you have for the Corps?

AD: ICT is a practice that has not

been taken very seriously before the

year 2007. It came with full force

from middle part of 2007, some mem-

bers of the Corps are yet to appreci-

ate the real concept. They see it like

it has come to take their schedules,

but alas, it is only meant to enhance

our productivity. I will in my humble

opinion advise that any part of the

Corps that is yet to welcome ICT

should wake up now, embrace it so

they will reap the benefits that come

with it. However, that‘s the only way

we can achieve the dream of a world-

class organisation

IN: One of the Corps‘ 2011 strategic

goals is to improve the use of technol-

ogy platform, What can be done to

achieve this by all dept and corps of-

fices?

AD: The Corps has various departments

and corps offices that do one thing or

the other; everyone of them requires mi-

grating its activities to a supporting

technological platform,

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU DAMIAN (DRC)

6

Insight newsletter– August Edition

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH

but the members of the offices may

not be that technologically inclined to

know what platform to migrate to. I

advise that these offices should draw

closer to the ICT group so they will be

guided more appropriately so we can

get there .

I.N: How do you feel when you have to

come to work especially during public

holidays and weekends?

AD: It is not an easy experience but

we don‘t have choices but to come. It

will be appreciated if the management

of the Corps will see this the way you

see it and make the experience more

enjoyable

I.N: What are the challenges you face

in your job?

AD: You just asked how we feel coming

to work at odd days and hours, that‘s

part of it. ICT related issues are not

like ‗this is the way it is, go get it done‘

a task you envisage will take an hour

could keep you for days with complica-

tions coming as a result of your trying

to solve an issue. Your boss does not

need to know your challenges; he wants

good and positive results which you

must provide whether you work late or

during weekends

I.N: Where again have you worked be-

fore coming to ITC?

AD: I worked briefly in CPEO, then

PRS

I.N: Who is your role model?

AD: My role model is the present

Corps Marshal and Chief Executive

(Osita Chidoka) I see with him an

achievement that is uncommon in this

part of the world. He is a bundle of

intelligence, vigour and great drive

which is what every young man should

emulate

I.N: How will you want to see the

Corps in the next 100 years from

now?

AD: An organisation that is a refer-

ence point, that others will look for-

ward to emulating

I.N: What advice do you have for up-

coming programmers?

AD: It is a worthwhile endeavour.

Though it is brain-tasking but it is

good

I.N: Are you married?

AD: Yes

I.N: What are your hobbies?

AD: I love to read, teach, play foot-

ball and other games that promote

physical fitness

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ASO CHUKWU DAMIAN (DRC)

7

Cont. from last month’s edition

European-built cars are generally

more fuel-efficient than American ve-

hicles. While Europe has many higher

efficiency diesel cars, European gaso-

line vehicles are on average also more

efficient than gasoline-powered vehi-

cles in the USA. Most European vehi-

cles cited in the CSI study run on die-

sel engines, which tend to achieve

greater fuel efficiency than gas en-

gines. Selling those cars in the United

States is difficult because of emis-

sion standards, notes Walter

McManus, a fuel economy expert at

the University of Michigan Transpor-

tation Research Institute. ―For the

most part, European diesels don‘t

meet U.S. emission standards,‖

McManus said in 2007. Another rea-

son why many European models are

not marketed in the United States is

that labor unions object to having the

big 3 import any new foreign built

models regardless of fuel economy

while laying off workers at home.

An interesting example of European

cars' capabilities of fuel economy is

the microcar Smart Fortwo cdi, which

can achieve up to 3.4 l/100 km (69.2

mpg US) using a turbocharged three-

cylinder 41 bhp (30 kW) Diesel engine.

The two is produced by Daimler AG

and is currently only sold by one com-

pany in the United States. Further-

more, the current (and to date already

10 year old) world record in fuel econ-

omy of production cars is held by the

Volkswagen Group, with special produc-

tion models (labeled "3L") of the Volks-

wagen Lupo and the Audi A2, consuming

(NEDC ratified) as little as 2.99 litres

of diesel fuel per 100 kilometres (78

miles per US gallon or 94 miles per Im-

perial gallon).

Diesel engines generally achieve

greater fuel efficiency than petrol

(gasoline) engines. Passenger car diesel

engines have energy efficiency of up to

41% but more typically 30%, and petrol

engines of up to 37.3%, but more typi-

cally 20%. That is one of the reasons

why diesels have better fuel efficiency

than equivalent petrol cars. A common

margin is 25% more miles per gallon for

an efficient turbodiesel. For example,

the current model Skoda Octavia, using

Volkswagen engines, has a combined

European fuel efficiency of 41.3 mpg

for the 105 bhp (78 kW) petrol engine

and 52.3 mpg for the 105 bhp (78 kW)

— and heavier — diesel engine. The

higher compression ratio is helpful in

raising the energy efficiency, but die-

sel fuel also contains approximately

Insight newsletter- August Edition

FUEL EFFICIENCY 0I Ikoku (ARC)

8

10% more energy per unit volume than

gasoline which contributes to the re-

duced fuel consumption for a given

power output.

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

FUEL EFFICIENCY IN TRANSPOR-

TATION

Fuel efficiency directly affects emis-

sions causing pollution by affecting the

amount of fuel used. However, it also

depends on the fuel source used to

drive the vehicle concerned. Cars can,

for example, run on a number of fuel

types other than gasoline, such as

natural gas, LPG or biofuel or electric-

ity which creates various quantities of

atmospheric pollution.

A kilogram of carbon, whether con-

tained in petrol, diesel, kerosene, or

any other hydrocarbon fuel in a vehi-

cle, leads to approximately 3.63 kg of

CO2 emissions. Due to the carbon con-

tent of gasoline, its combustion emits

2.32 kg/L (19.4 lb/US gal); since diesel

fuel is more energy dense per unit vol-

ume, diesel emits 2.66 kg/L (22.2 lb/

US gal). This figure is only the CO2

emissions of the final fuel product and

does not include additional CO2 emis-

sions created during the drilling, pump-

ing, transportation and refining steps

required to produce the fuel. Addi-

tional measures to reduce overall emis-

sion includes improvements to the effi-

ciency of air conditioners, lights and

tires.

D R I V I N G T E C H -

N I Q U E

Many tips are available from various

government and local sources to help

drivers improve their fuel efficiency.

There is a growing community of en-

thusiasts known as hypermilers who

develop and practice driving techniques

to increase fuel efficiency and reduce

consumption. Hypermilers have broken

records of fuel efficiency, for exam-

ple, achieving 109 miles per gallon in a

Prius. In non-hybrid vehicles these

techniques are also beneficial. Hyper-

miler Wayne Gerdes can get 59 MPG in

a Honda Accord and 30 MPG in an

Acura MDX.

The most efficient machines for con-

verting energy to rotary motion are

electric motors, as used in electric ve-

hicles. However, electricity is not a

primary energy source so the effi-

ciency of the electricity production

has also to be taken into account. Cur-

rently railway trains can be powered

using electricity, delivered through an

additional running rail, overhead cate-

nary system or by on-board generators

used in diesel-electric locomotives as

common on the UK rail network. Pollu-

tion produced from centralised genera-

tion of electricity is emitted at a dis-

tant power station, rather than "on

site". Some railways, such as the

French SNCF and Swiss federal rail-

ways derive most, if not 100% of their

power, from hydroelectric or nuclear

power stations, therefore atmospheric

pollution from their rail networks is

very low. This was reflected in a study

by AEA Technology between a Euro-

star train and airline journeys between

Insight newsletter– August Edition

FUEL EFFICIENCY 0I Ikoku (ARC)

9

London and Paris, which showed the

trains on average emitting 10 times

less CO2, per passenger, than planes,

helped in part by French nuclear gen-

eration. This can be changed using

more renewable sources for electric

generation.

In the future hydrogen cars may be

commercially available. Powered either

through chemical reactions in a fuel

cell that create electricity to drive

very efficient electrical motors or by

directly burning hydrogen in a combus-

tion engine (near identically to a natu-

ral gas vehicle, and similarly compatible

with both natural gas and gasoline);

these vehicles promise to have near

zero pollution from the tailpipe

(exhaust pipe). Potentially the atmos-

pheric pollution could be minimal, pro-

vided the hydrogen is made by elec-

trolysis using electricity from non-

polluting sources such as solar, wind, or

hydroelectricity.

In any process, it is vitally important

to account for all of the energy used

throughout the process. Thus, in addi-

tion to the energy cost of the electric-

ity or hydrogen production, we must

also account for transmission and/or

storage losses to support large-scale

use of such vehicles. For this reason

the use of the idea "zero pollution"

should be avoided.

Cont. from last month’s edition

These are helmets specifically designed for

South Asian and South-East Asian countries

with extremely hot and humid climates.

They are actually half-head helmets with

ventilation holes to provide a maximum flow

of air so as to reduce the heat. Their ex-

treme lightness of weight is achieved by us-

ing semi-rigid vacuum-forming PVC material.

Helmet use is effective at reducing head

injuries

Wearing a helmet is the single most effec-

tive way of reducing head injuries and fa-

talities resulting from motorcycle and bicy-

cle crashes. Motorcyclists who do not wear

helmets are at a much higher risk of sus-

taining head injuries and from dying from

these injuries. In addition, riders who do

not wear helmets place additional costs on

hospitals, while the disability that results

from these head injuries incurs costs at an

individual, family (or carer) and societal

level.

Systematic reviews have been published ex-

amining the effectiveness of both motorcy-

cle helmets and bicycle helmets. The review

on motorcycle helmets included 53 studies,

and summarized the current available evi-

dence on helmets and their impact on mor-

tality, as well as on head, face and neck in-

juries, following motorcycle crashes. Table

below provides a summary of the main re-

sults of this review.

Insight newsletter– August Edition

FUEL EFFICIENCY 0I Ikoku

MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD

DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-

SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS

NEEDED? BY CB NWOKOLO ARC

10

Insight newsletter– August Edition

MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-

SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS NEEDED?

Summary of systematic review of effectiveness of motorcycle Helmets

Not wearing a Helmet Wearing a Helmet

Increases the risk of sustaining a head

injury

Decreases the risk and severity of in-

juries by about 71%

Increases the severity of head injuries

Increases the time spent in hospital Decreases the cost of health care as-

sociated with crashes

Increases the likelihood of dying from

a head injury

Decreases the likelihood of death by

up to 39%, with the probability de-

pending on the speed of the motorcy-

cle involved

Source: Liu B et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. The Coch-

rane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005(4).

The following are the main conclusions of this research:

Motorcycle helmets reduce the risk of mortality and head injury in motorcycle

riders who crash, although the effect on death may be modified by other

factors surrounding the crash, such as the speed which the motorcyclist

was travelling as at when the crash occurred. Crashes at higher speeds may

result in multiple injuries likely to cause death, regardless of how well the

head is protected.

There was not enough evidence to determine the effect of motorcycle helmets

on face or neck injuries, although some studies suggest that helmets have

no effect on the risk of neck injuries but are protective for face injuries.

There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate whether differences in helmet

types (full-face versus open-face) confer more or less advantage in injury

reduction. Further research should be conducted to determine the effec-

tiveness (and cost effectiveness) of different helmet types – especially

those used in low-income and middle-income countries – on mortality and on

head, neck and face injuries.

11

Insight newsletter– August Edition

MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-

SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS NEEDED?

Increasing motorcycle helmet use in

countries where such use has been

low is likely to dramatically reduce

head injury and death. Policy-makers

would do well to consider measures

to increase helmet use, such as legis-

lation for compulsory helmet use and

its enforcement, along with commu-

nity education campaigns.

Summary

The risk of being injured or killed in

a traffic collision is much higher for

motorcycle users than for users of

four-wheeled vehicles.

Motorcycle users make up a high pro-

portion of overall traffic injuries and

death, particularly in low-income and

middle-income countries, where mo-

torcycle ownership is high.

Injuries to the head and neck are

the main causes of death, severe

injury and disability among users

of motorcycles and bicycles. In

some countries head injuries are

estimated to account for up to

88% of such fatalities.

Helmets aim to reduce the risk of

serious head and brain injuries by re-

ducing the impact of a force or colli-

sion to the head.

The correct use of a helmet consid-

erably decreases the risk and sever-

ity of head injuries.

Programmes that set and enforce

mandatory helmet legislation are ef-

fective increasing helmet-wearing

rates and thus reducing head injuries

and fatalities.

There is strong international support

for helmet-wearing programmes.

References 1. Peden M et al, eds. World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World Health

Organization, 2004 (www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/en/,

accessed 4 July 2006).

2. Koornstra M et al. Sunflower: a comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Leidschendam, SWOV (Institute for Road Safety

Research), 2003.

3. Mohan D. Traffic safety and health in Indian cities. Journal of Transport and Infrastructure, 2002,

9:79–94.

4. Traffic Safety Facts. Motorcycle helmet laws. Washington, D.C., National Highway Traffic Safety

Administration, 2004 (www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/New-fact-sheet03/MotorcycleHelmet.

pdf, accessed 4 July 2006). Turn to page 23

12

Imagine that you find yourself in

your car on a pleasurable ride down a

busy road. You alone. Only that this

time you are not on the wheel! In

fact, you are on the passenger‘s seat

watching a documentary on your ipad

while the car is cruising at 60km/

hr? Hard to believe? Google is say-

ing it is no longer imagination but

soon to be reality as it has already

extensively tested driver-less cars.

Google is nearly ready to introduce

the driver-less, remotely controlled

cars into the market. Google de-

clares that with the fuel efficient

driver-less cars there would be

fewer accidents. Further these cars

are always controlled remotely by a

human operator.

After conducting field tests for

140,000 miles, Google, in Nevada,

U.S.A, is lobbying for a legislation

that permits it to run driverless-

cars. The Assembly has allowed the

bill with a couple of amend-

ments. The first which permits

testing and licensing of such cars has

been passed. The second which is to

permit the person in the driver‘s

seat to text or use his phone is in

debate.

Sebastian Thrun, a Professor of

Computer Science and Electrical En-

gineering at Stanford University

helped build Google's amazing driver-

less car, powered by a very personal

quest to save lives and

reduce traffic accidents. Sebastian who is

also the Director of the Stanford AI Lab is a

researcher whose research focuses on ro-

botics and artificial intelligence.

Innovators are unhappy,‖ he said. ―They feel

the pain of an unsolved problem and ask what

can I do about it? And what can I get other

people to do about it?‖

―Sebastian‘s pain is personal: When he was

growing up in Germany, a car accident Killed a

childhood friend, and last November, another

accident claimed the life of a co-worker.

―Both crashes were avoidable,‖ the scientist

said.

Insight newsletter– August Edition

GOOGLE‘S DRIVELESS CAR

Google driveless car

Google driveless car

13

Insight newsletter– August Edition

GOOGLE‘S DRIVELESS CAR

These have necessitated him to de-

velop unmanned robotic cars that drive

more safely. "I'm in service of human-

ity," he said.

In 2005, Sebastian Thrun, led the win-

ning team in the government's $2 mil-

lion DARPA challenge. His vehicle drove

itself across the 132-mile desert race-

course.

Afterward, he hired two of his com-

petitors to join him at Google and take

their work to the street. So far, their

unmanned vehicles have driven more

than 140,000 miles, along California's

coast, through highway construction

zones, local traffic, and even on San

Francisco's famed Lombard Street.

Each car is equipped with sensors that

gather millions of data points per sec-

ond about the surroundings and differ-

entiate cars, pedestrians, birds etc.

Since there are computers known to

land planes when pilots don't have

enough visibility there is no doubt that

Google‘s drive-less car will make it.

You are not here merely to make a

living. You are here in order to enable

the world to live more amply, with

greater vision, with a finer spirit of

hope and achievement. You are here to

enrich the world, and you impoverish

yourself if you forget the errand."

Woodrow Wilson

"Confidence is a habit that can be

developed by acting as if you already

had the confidence you desire to have."

Brian Tracy

"How committed are you? There is a

remarkable difference between a

commitment of 99% and 100%."

Vic Conant

"You'll seldom experience regret for

anything that you've done. It is what

you haven't done that will torment you.

The message, therefore, is clear. Do it!

Develop an appreciation for the present

moment. Seize every second of your life

and savour it. Value your present

moments. Using them up in any self

defeating ways means you've lost them

forever."

Dr Wayne Dyer

"A life lived with integrity even if it

lacks the trappings of fame and fortune

is a shining star in whose light others

may follow in the years to come."

Denis Waitley

It is our attitude at the beginning of a

difficult task which, more than anything

else, will affect its successful

outcome."

William James

BE INSPIRED!

Prof. Sebastian Thrun

14

Insight newsletter– August Edition

PULHHEEMS DR AIYUDU,DI (CRC)

The PULHHEEMS is a system of grading

physical and mental fitness used by Brit-

ish Armed Forces. PULHHEEMS is tri-

service, which is to say that it is used by

the British Army, the Royal Navy and

the Royal Air Force. Its purpose is to

determine the suitability of its employ-

ees for posting into military zones. It is

not a fitness test as such; rather, it is a

test of suitability for purpose.

The PULHHEEMS system, or variations

of it, is also used by several members of

the British Commonwealth, including Sin-

gapore, Canada, Australia and New Zea-

land. The USA uses a system called PUL-

HES. In civilian life, there is a similar

system called PULSES, which is used to

grade levels of disability; it differs from

the PULHHEEMS in that it also exam-

ines the digestive system, something

which the PULHHEEMS does not.

For new recruits it is part of the first

step into the armed forces, whilst for es-

tablished service people it is a require-

ment of ongoing employment. Although a

PULHHEEMS is carried out on new re-

cruits, it is not itself an entrance exami-

nation, the attributes of which depend on

the unit conducting the examination.

The examination is carried out on re-

cruits, and five-yearly after a serviceman

or woman reaches the age of 30. After

the age of 50, people in service are ex-

amined every two years. All Generals of

any persuasion must be examined yearly.

Furthermore, service personnel under the

age of 30 are required to undergo a

PULHHEEMS in order to attend certain

courses, whether occupational or promo-

tional, and also if medically downgraded.

A PULHHEEMS is also carried out prior

to leaving the armed forces, in part be-

cause many former servicemen remain as

reserves.

The PULHHEEMS examination can result

in medical downgrading if fitness stan-

dards do not reach required levels,

whether as a consequence of injury, ne-

glect, pregnancy, or old age. Downgrading

can reduce a serviceman's pay, and pre-

vent him or her from attending courses,

which in turn can prevent the serviceman

from being promoted. Ultimately a seri-

ous, permanent medical downgrade can

result in discharge from the armed

forces on medical grounds.

PULHHEEMS is an abbreviation for the

factors it is intended to test.

15

Insight newsletter– August Edition

PULHHEEMS

These include:

Physique

Upper limbs

Lower limbs (or 'Locomotion', as this in-

cludes the back)

Hearing (left)

Hearing (right)

Eyesight left (corrected / uncorrected)

Eyesight right (corrected / uncorrected)

Mental function

Stability (emotional)

SCORING

The attributes examined in PULHHEEMS

receive a score from 1 to 8, with 1 being

excellent and 8 being unfit for service.

Although in theory, all attributes can be

scored from 1 to 8, in practice only eye-

sight and hearing can be graded 1. Al-

though there is provision for grading a

serviceman's physical measurements as

P1, the examination required would be im-

possible within the constraints of the

PULHHEEMS system.

The Mental and Stability measurements

are not exhaustive psychological examina-

tions. The former is a test of the ability

to form coherent thought processes,

whilst the latter is a measurement of the

serviceman's stress level.

PES/MES

Once a person in service has undergone a

PULHHEEMS, they receive a score. In

the Royal Air Force (RAF), the score is

the MES, which stands for "Medical

Employment Status." In the other

branches, the score is the PES, which

stands for "PULHHEEMS Employment

Status". This PES is used to determine

whether the soldier is "employable in full

combatant duties (in any area) in any

part of the world" or if they must re-

main away from the combat area, or

within a specific geographic limitation.

Sometimes it may be used in determining

whether they are unfit for all duties. A

PES grade of P2 is excellent, that of P7

is very poor, and P8 is unfit for duty.

MES encapsulates the suitability of per-

sonnel for posting in the air, on the

ground, and in different climates. Thus,

a fully-fit RAF serviceman will be graded

A1G1Z1 rather than P2. Conversely the

Royal Navy, which includes the Royal Ma-

rines, makes no distinction between

postings at sea or on land.

HISTORY

The PULHHEEMS system dates from

WWII, although before 1983 it was sim-

ply PULHEEMS with one H. It replaced

an earlier, simpler system which dated

from before WWI in which soldiers

were graded from A1 to D3 in four

bands of three ratings.

16

Many drivers take drugs or medicine at some time in their life. Few realise how they

can affect their driving.

Drugs may be taken for many reasons. Some medical; drugs, such as mild painkillers

taken for headaches, are unlikely to affect most drivers seriously. Others, such as an-

tihistamines taken from hay fever, can cause drowsiness and are therefore dangerous

if taken before driving.

Drugs prescribed for serious medical conditions may have side effect while driving. So

check with your doctor and follow his advice.

Non– medical drugs (such as cannabis, cocaine or heroin) or medical drugs taken for

non-medical reasons (such as amphetamines to stay awake) are illegal in many countries

and dangerous to ALL drivers

REMEMBER: Never drive after taking drugs unless they have been declared safe by a

doctor.

CULLED FROM:

THE AFRICAN HIGHWAY CODE

A GUIDE FOR DRIVERS OF HIGHWAY GOODS VEHICLE (VERSION FOR DRIVING

ON THE RIGHT)

Insight newsletter- August Edition

FITNESS TO DRIVE – DRUG

17

Everyone knows the signs of fatigue such as yawning or aches and pains in the back

eyes. There are simple ways to prevent tiredness.

YOU

Obey National Laws regarding driving time. As a general rule, don‘t drive for more than

four hours without break. In any period of 24 hours, don‘t drive for a total of more

than 10 hours. When you have a break, get out of the cab and go for a short walk.

Eat carefully before and during a journey. A large meal can make you fell drowsy. Eat-

ing nothing at all is equally bad.

NEVER take drugs or medicines to help keep you awake.

AT NIGHT

Night driving can be particularly dangerous if you are not used to it. Both driving in

heavy traffic and driving along straight roads at night can be specially tiring.

The worst time is the early morning when your body normally wants to sleep. If you

feel sleepy, have a break.

REMEMBER: Avoid driving for more than 4 hours without a break

CULLED FROM:

THE AFRICAN HIGHWAY CODE

A GUIDE FOR DRIVERS OF HIGHWAY GOODS VEHICLE (VERSION FOR DRIVING

ON THE RIGHT)

Insight newsletter– August Edition

FITNESS TO DRIVE – FATIGUE

18

CAUTION

One day a lady licked the envelopes and postage stamps instead of using a sponge /

Gum.

That very day the lady found a cut on her tongue.

A week later, she noticed an abnormal swelling on her tongue..

She went to the doctor, and they found nothing wrong. Her tongue was not sore or

anything.

A couple of days later, her tongue started to swell more, and it began to get really

sore, so sore, that she could not eat..

She went back to the hospital, and demanded something to be done. The doctor took

an x-ray of her tongue and noticed a lump.

He prepared her for minor surgery.. When the doctor cut her tongue open,

a live cockroach crawled out!!!!

There were cockroach eggs on the seal of the envelope. The egg was able to hatch

inside of her tongue, because of her saliva. It was warm and moist.

Andy Hume wrote:

Hey, I used to work in an envelope factory.. You wouldn't believe the things that

float around in those gum applicator trays.

I haven't licked an envelope for years. I used to work for a print shop (32 years ago)

and we were told NEVER to lick the envelopes.

I never understood why until I had to go into storage and pull out 2500 envelopes

that were already printed and saw several squads of cockroaches roaming around in-

side a couple of boxes with eggs everywhere.

They eat the glue on the envelopes.

Insight newsletter- August Edition

FROM MY MAIL BOX

19

Insight newsletter- August Edition

COMACE POWER POINT PRESENTATION AT THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY

COMMISSION ON 14 APRIL, 2011 CONT FROM MAY EDITION

Restoring the integrity of the National Uniform Licensing Scheme (NULS)

13

• Improvement of the national drivers‘ license

• The process is up and running in the 36

states and the Federal Capital Territory

Abuja.

• New number plate design approved by The

Federal Executive Council

• Built two additional number-plate

manufacturing plants in Gwagwalada and Awka

to complement Lagos plant

Improved funding

14

• Capital vote has increased from N670

million in 2007 to N6.5 billion in 2010

• Total appropriation has increased from

N12 billion in 2007 to N22.1 billion in

2010

• Budget performance has been at 98%

since 2007

• Attracted World Bank funding of $10

million

Budgetary appropriation (2006 – 2010)

15

Total Appropriation (N)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1,504,500,000.00 12,078,275,730.00 16,453,032,834.00 14,500,919,005.10 22,130,677,802.33

Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011

Building internal human capacity

16

Creation of new departments and Units such as:

• Safety Engineering Department (SED)

• Investigates causes of road crashes involving 6+ fatalities.• Carries out road audit for planning and advisory purposes

• Training Standards and Certification Department (TSC)• The department is in charge of staff training• Sports and Physical Education

• Corps planning Office (CPL)• The Corps Office is in charge of strategic planning for the Corps

• Project Implementation Office (PIO)• In charge of project implementation for the Corps

• Planning Advisory Unit (PAU)• In charge of data collation and conversion to intelligence for management decision

making

• Staff housing estate with 546 units

• FRSC academy nearing completion at Udi, Enugu State

• Establishment of microfinance bank (Safeline Micro bank)

• Increase in number of courses and number of staff attending local and international courses

(48 foreign and 3,387 local)

Building internal human capacity (II)

17

• Promotion of 417 officers and 1784

marshals to the next rank

• Renovation of offices

• Introduction of fleet management

system for managing our fleet of

vehicles

• Motivation of staff that performed well

at work

• Three additional office space rented as

a headquarters annex to provide

additional office space

• Upgraded the staff uniform :

• The use of uniforms numbers 1-6

as it is obtainable in the military

and paramilitary setting

Building internal human capacity (III)

18

New FRSC Academy, Udi

Building internal human capacity (IV)

19

FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)

Before After

Building internal human capacity (IV)

20

FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)

Before After

20

Insight newsletter- August Edition

COMACE POWER POINT PRESENTATION AT THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY

COMMISSION ON 14 APRIL, 2011 CONT FROM MAY EDITION

Building internal human capacity (IV)

21

FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)

Before After

Building internal human capacity (IV)

22

FRSC National Headquarters, Abuja (Renovations)

Before After

Building internal human capacity (V)

23

FRSC Uniform Licensing Scheme Plant

FRSC dress protocol

24

Dress no 1 Dress no 1Dress no 2Dress no 2

Dress no 4

Dress no 3

Dress no 6Dress no 5 Dress no 5 + cardigan

The FRSC dashboard [2010 Cumulative (week 1 – 52, 2010)]

26Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011

COMPARATIVE CUMULATIVE FOR MVA, OPS, CMRS, CTSO & TSC 2009 AND 2010 (WEEK 1 - 52)S/N DEPARTMENTS & CORPS OFFICES (ACTIVITIES) INCREASE/DECREASE

2009 2010 %

1 MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATION

NVIS 1,038,535 615,044 (423,491) -40.78

NDL 301,521 394,373 92,852 30.79

2 OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT

OFFENDERS 492,660 550,560 57,900 11.75

OFFENCES 492,628 610,315 117,687 23.89

3 CORPS MEDICAL AND RESCUE SERVICES (CMRS)

RTCs 8,875 5,330 (3,545) -39.94

VEHICLES INVOLVED 12,832 8,677 (4,155) -32.38

CASUALTIES

KILLED 5,654 4,065 (1,589) -28.10

INJURED 25,046 18,094 (6,952) -27.76

TOTAL INVOLVED 38,672

4 CORPS TRANSPORT STANDARDIZATION OFFICE

FLEET OPERATORS REGISTRATION (WK 52 2009/10) 2,058 605 (1,453) -70.60

FLEET OPERATORS REGISTRATION TILL DATE 2,721

PASSENGERS TRAVELLED (WK 52 2009/10) 47,269,086 63,231,933 15,962,847 33.77

VEHICLES TRAVELLED (WK 52 2009/10) 5,856,378 5,066,156 (790,222) -13.49

VEHICLE KILOMETRE COVERAGE 601,453,669 2,348,466,359 1,747,012,690 290.47

5 TRAINING, STANDARDS & CERTIFICATION

NUMBER OF DRIVERS TRAINED 1,811 1,728 -83 -4.58

DRIVING SCH. REG. 485 70 -415 -85.57

DRIVING SCH. MONITORING (BY FIELD CMD) 81

DRIVING SCH. INSPECTION & CERTIFICATION 228 208 -20 -8.77

CUMULATIVE

FRSC‘s Road Traffic Crash analysis for week 13, 2011

27Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011

Creating a robust regulatory environment

29

• Driving School Standardization Program (DSSP)

• Program launched to restore Drivers training through Driving Schools

• 343 Driving schools registered

• 208 Driving Schools certified

• Road Transport Safety Standardization Scheme

• Prescribes minimum standards for all fleets with more than 5 Vehicles

• 2,721 fleet registered

• 927 fleet certified

• 307 Safety Managers trained

• 1,459 Drivers trained

• School Bus Program

• Draft policy and standards in place

• Meeting with Major stakeholders is on-going

• Sensitization of all other stakeholders is on going

26Source: FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis, 2011

21

The importance of good vision when

driving cannot be overlooked. Before a

person can have a driving licence, the

applicant will be required to complete a

vision screening. The condition of the

eyes affects the individual‘s ability to

operate a vehicle safely. Visual Acuity,

binocular vision and colour vision must

be explicit.

Vision test is practised in the following

countries; USA, South Africa, Canada,

and Australia as a standard for global

best practices.

To obtain a regular driver‘s license in

Australia, the applicant must pass a vis-

ual test, that is;

1.You must be able to see AT LEAST

the ―6/12‖ line on the eye chart

2.Your horizontal visual field must be

more than 120 degrees

The applicant will not be granted a li-

cense if he has one of the following ail-

ments:

I. Double vision when looking straight

ahead

II. Loss of vision in one eye

III. Should not drive for three months

after loss

IV. Eye infections

It should be noted that Visual Stan-

dards for a commercial vehicle license

are more rigorous

Reasons for decreased vision include;

I. Refractive error - short-sightedness,

long-sightedness or astigmatism

I Ocular disease - cataract, glaucoma,

age-related macular degeneration

III. Injury to the eye

DISEASES OF THE EYES

The eyes should have a normal focus.

However some diseases can cause eye

defects. They include the following:

-Short sightedness (myopia) distance

vision blur

-Long sightedness (Hyperopia) diffi-

culty seeing clearly comfortably up

close objects

The eyes may require a correction of

Insight newsletter- July Edition

DRIVING AND VISION DO ENAKIRERU (ARC)

22

.refractive error by the use of pre-

scribed eye glasses by an Optometrist.

A tint may be useful

-Especially important at night or in wet

conditions

-Some people who pass the test will still

feel more comfortable with glasses

CATARACT

-Mostly caused by ageing

-Cloudy lens inside eye

-Gradual loss of vision

-Difficulty with glare

DIABETES

-Commonly affects eyes

-Severity of condition depends on the

amount of time diabetic and control of

blood sugar level.

GLAUCOMA

-Disease of optic nerve

-Affects peripheral vision first

-Difficult to detect in early stages

-Early treatment is best

COLOUR VISION DEFECT

-Most commonly red/green

-8% of males, 0.5 % of females

-Varies in severity

-Can affect brightness of traffic lights

and brake lights

Having a colour vision defect is not a

restriction to getting a normal license;

however it may prevent you from ob-

taining a license for a commercial motor

vehicle.Regular eye checks are highly

recommended. Every two years every-

one needs these regular checks espe-

cially over 40years of age and if you

wear glasses already.

In order to pass the driving test, visual

acuity should be at 6/10 level (Snellen)

when corrected by glasses, contact

lenses, etc., and have reasonable visual

fields.

A person should be able to clearly see

the letter on a car number plate (3.5

inches, or 79.4 mm high) with corrected

vision (or normal vision) from 25 yards

(20.5 metres). This is approximately

equivalent to 6/10 (or 0.6 metric.)

Monocular (one- eyed) vision is allowed,

provided the field is greater than 120

degrees.

A person is allowed to drive, with a col-

our defect, also with double vision, as

long as the double vision can be cor-

rected with prismatic spectacles or an

eye patch on one eye worn, while driving.

A monocular person can have a normal

(Group 1) driving licence, provided the

visual acuity requirement is met, and

that there is one good normal field of

vision.

If a person has had a stroke or other

brain or ocular damage such that they

are unaware of or ignore one part of

their visual field or part of their body

they must not drive.

Insight newsletter- July Edition

) DRIVING AND VISION DO ENAKIRERU (ARC)

23

An Optometrist provides a comprehensive visual examination, analyse and treat coordi-

nated problems, prescribe, supply and repair spectacles and contact lenses.

Your safety on the road includes having a clear vision to read road signs, see traffic

light, and brake light .You do not need to be told to go for regular checks, because

your safety is in your hands. It begins with you.

Sources:

www.dwp.gov.uk/publications

www.vicoptom.asm.au

Insight newsletter- July Edition

DRIVING AND VISION DO ENAKIRERU (ARC)

5. Suriyawongpaisal P, Kanchanusut S. Road traffic injuries in Thailand: trends, selected underlying

determinants and status of intervention. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2003, 10:95–104.

6. Umar R. Helmet initiatives in Malaysia. In: Proceedings of the 2nd World Engineering Congress.

Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, Institution of Engineers, July 2002.

7. Zhang J et al. Motorcycle ownership and injury in China. Injury Control & Safety Promotion,

2004, 11:159–163.

8. Motorcycle safety helmets. COST 327. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities, 2001.

9. Blincoe L et al. The economic impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2000. Washington, D.C., National

Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2002 (DOT HS-809-446).

10. Kulanthayan S et al. Compliance of proper safety helmet usage in motorcyclists. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 2000, 55:40–44.

11. Wells S et al. Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study. British Medical Journal, 2004, 328:857.

12. Brandt M et al. Hospital cost is reduced by motorcycle helmet use. Journal of Trauma, Infection and Critical Care, 2002, 53:469–471.

13. Liu B et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005 (4).

MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD DIE IN MOTORCYCLE COLLI-

SIONS....WHY ARE HELMETS NEEDED? Cont from pg 11

24

4. Gear changing

Fails to change when required

Clashes gear excessively

Jerks vehicle

5. When driving

Rest elbow on window

Fails to keep both hands in correct posi-

tion on wheel

Rides the clutch

Safe distance from preceeding vehicle

6. Cornering

Fails to take correct course

Fails to adopt safe speed

Crosses white line unnecessarily and

climbs round wheel

7. Turning to right/left

Fails to take correct course

Fails to look in mirror

Fails to give adequate signs

Fails to engage appropriate gear

Fails to adopt safe speed

Obstructs traffic

8.Stopping and parking

Fails to take correct course

Fails to look in mirror

Fails to give adequate signal (s) Brakes

violently

Labours or stalls engine

Fails to apply handbrake

Fails to put gears in neutral when on

level

Fails to stop in position indicate

Insight newsletter- July Edition

CHECK– LIST FOR DRIVING TEST

.1. When first entering vehicle

Fails to check handbrake on

Fails to check gears in neutral

Fails to check driving position for comfort

Fails to check driving mirror (s)

2. Starting up

Fails to switch on ignition

Fails to depress clutch

Excessive use of Starter motor

3. Moving off

Fails to look in mirror

Fails to give adequate signal

Fails to release handbrake

Excessive/insufficient revs

Obstructs traffic

25

A S T O R Y : L I S T E N A N D L I V E

Insight newsletter- July Edition

Moves at excessive speed

Fails to enter opening indicated

14. Emergency stop

Inadequate control of vehicle

15. Traffic signs

Fails to obey mandatory prohibitory signs

Fails to obey traffic controller

Fails to obey traffic light

Disregards warning signs

16. Vision

Fails to read a distance of twenty five

yards in good daylight, a motor vehicle

identification mark, containing six letters

and figures

17. General

Drives at excessive speed

Drives dangerously

Fails to concentrate

Indecisive/overconfidence

Fails to act on signals other road users

Uses horn incorrectly

Accelerator control jerk

.Fails to park in safe place

9. Overtaking

Fails to look in mirror

Fails to give adequate signal (s)

Fails to change gear when required

Fails to take correct course

Obstruct traffic

Cuts in

Overtakes in a dangerous place

10. Being overtaken

Fails to take correct course

Accelerates

11. Moving off uphill

Fails to look in mirror

Fails to give adequate signal

Fails to release handbrake

Excessive/insufficient revs

Obstructs traffic

Moves backwards

12. Turning round in a road

Fails to look in mirror

Fails to give adequate signal

Fails to adopt correct course

Fails to engage appropriate gear

Fails to reverse when stationary

Moves in wrong direction

Obstruct traffic unnecessarily

13. Reversing

Fails to check clear road behind

Fails to correct course

26

A S T O R Y : L I S T E N A N D L I V E

Insight newsletter- July Edition

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT

IPAD AND ANDROID Part 2

The iPad is the first Apple product to

employ the A4, a new processor devel-

oped by Apple. The iPad's processor

runs at 1 Ghz. It includes an optional al-

ways-on cellular Internet connection

through AT&T.

Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is

controlled by a multitouch display—a

departure from most previous tablet

computers, which used a pressure-

triggered stylus—as well as a virtual on-

screen keyboard in lieu of a physical

keyboard. The iPad uses a wireless local

area network ("Wi-Fi") connection to ac-

cess local area networks and the Inter-

net. Some models also have a 3G wire-

less network interface which can con-

nect to HSPA or EV-DO data networks

and on to the Internet. The device is

managed and synced by iTunes running

on a personal computer via USB cable.

Apple's first tablet computer was the

Newton MessagePad 100, introduced in

1993, which led to the creation of the

ARM6 processor core with Acorn Com-

puters. Apple also developed a proto-

type PowerBook Duo-based tablet, the

PenLite, but decided not to sell it in or-

der to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.

Apple released several more Newton-

based PDAs; the final one, the Mes-

sagePad 2100, was discontinued in 1998.

Apple re-entered the mobile-computing

markets in 2007 with the iPhone.

Smaller than the iPad but featuring a

camera and mobile phone, it pioneered

the multitouch finger-sensitive touch-

screen interface of Apple's iOS mobile

operating system. By late 2009, the

iPad's release had been rumored for

several years. Such speculation mostly

talked about "Apple's tablet"; specific

names included iTablet and iSlate. The

eventual name is reportedly a homage to

the Star Trek PADD, a fictional device

very similar in appearance to the iPad.

The iPad was announced on January 27,

2010, by Steve Jobs at an Apple press

conference at the Yerba Buena Center

for the Arts in San Francisco.

Jobs later said that Apple began devel-

oping the iPad before the iPhone, but

temporarily shelved the effort upon re-

alizing that its ideas would work just as

well in a mobile phone. The iPad's inter-

nal codename was K48, which was re-

vealed in the court case surrounding

leaking of iPad information before

launch.

TO BE CONT’D IN THE NEXT EDI-TION

27

A S T O R Y : L I S T E N A N D L I V E

Insight newsletter- July Edition

Steve Jobs: A story of great inspi-

ration aesthetic. His LSD trips as a young man ex-

panded his mind and helped breed Apple's

counterculture.

During a commencement speech in 2005 at

the Stanford University, US he told the

graduates that, "You can't connect the dots

looking forward; you can only connect them

looking backwards. So you have to trust

that the dots will somehow connect in your

future. You have to trust in something --

your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.

This approach has never let me down, and it

has made all the difference in my life."

Steve Jobs was born February 24, 1955. In

his early stage, he showed an early interest

in electronics. As a teenager, he phoned

William Hewlett, president of Hewlett-

Packard, to request parts for a school pro-

ject. He got them, along with a summer job

offer at HP....

To be continued in the next edition

One of the great innovators of our

time, Steve Jobs stepped down as

CEO of apple leaving indelible marks

on the sand of time. He stepped

down as a result of his illness.

Somehow, he has proved a point that

anyone can be what he wants to be no

matter his condition or background.

As long as you stick to your goal, you

will achieve it. According to him,

"The only way to be truly satisfied is

to do what you believe is great

work". It was said that Steve Jobs

dropped out of college after one se-

mester and quit one of his first jobs

to backpack in India. Today, he has

made a tremendous impact on how

the world consumes digital content.

His early experiences in life shaped

his creative ingenuity; the graceful

brush strokes of the calligraphy

class influenced his elegant Apple

28

-

Converting data into intelligence for making evidence

based decision

-Conducting global monitoring and benchmarking

-Conducting surveys and internal consulting for depart-

ments and Corps offices

-Offering technical assistance and coaching to depart-

ments and Corps offices

P L A N N I N G A D V I S O R Y U N I T

Federal Road Safety Corps

RSHQ,

Wuse Zone 7, Abuja, Nigeria

Abuja

Phone:

+234 8077201236,

+234 7036136152

E-mail: insight@frsc.gov.ng

pau@frsc.gov.ng

For Advert Placement,

Please Contact The Editor

Insight newsletter- July Edition