人教修订版高中一年级 ( 下 )
Unit 19
Integrating Skills
Warming up
farming
大棚种菜
彩椒
香蕉园
keeping sheep
keeping cows
keeping fish
Pre-reading
Who is the man in the picture?
He’s Jia Sixie.
What do you know about him?
Jia Sixie, author of China’s first agri
cultural encyclopedia ( 百科全书 ), w
as one of the leading agronomists in
Chinese history. In the late years of t
he Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534),
he wrote Qimin Yaoshu (Essential
Skills for the Common People). It is
the earliest and most complete agri
cultural encyclopedia still in existe
nce in China.
Reading
What advice does Jia Sixie give farmers?
1. Farmers should do things at the right
time of the year.
2. Farmers should examine the soil caref
ully.
3. If the conditions of the soil is not good,
farmers should improve it.
4. Before sowing or planting crops,
farmers should clean rough ground
and remove weed.
5. Farmers should let sheep or cattle
(cows) walk on the land before
sowing or planting crops.
6. Farmers should plough the land, so
weeds are destroyed.
7. When ploughing the land, farmers sho
uld plough deep the first time and less
deep the second time.
8. Farmers will get the best results if they
change crops in their fields.
9. If farmers plant rice in a field one year,
and wheat in that field the following y
ear, they will harvest good crops.
10. If farmers plant wheat close
together, they will have better
results than when they plant wheat
leaving space between the plants.
11. It is good to grow different plants
next to each other in the same field.
Post-reading
Imagine you have a vegetable
garden and you want to grow beans,
cabbages, onions, tomatoes and
sunflowers. Write a plan for your
vegetable garden. What will you do in
each month of the year?
Month What will be done
November
It’s in November when we h
ave to plough the land for th
e first time. The ploughing h
as to be done deep. Spread
manure and old leaves on th
e land and plough them und
er.
Month What will be done
December
It’s in December when we
should make a plan for our
vegetable garden for next
year. Check the seeds left over
from last year. Repair tools
and make a list of new tools to
buy.
Month What will be done
January
It’s in January when we should buy enough seed to plant for two or three crops. Check the condition of the soil. If the soil is not good, you should improve it. Put manure and dead leaves on the land if you did not do this in November. You can also use fertilisers to the soil. Get the seedbeds or seed boxes ready for growing plants such as tomato, pepper and eggplant.
Month What will be done
February
It’s in February when you should plant the seedbeds. Prepare the land for planting. Let sheep or cows walk on the land. Their manure will improve the soil and they will destroy weeds or eat them. Also prepare seeds for planting in April.
Month What will be done
March
It’s in March when you should
give some attention to the early-
planted crops. Add a little fertili
ser to young crops. Thin the yo
ung plants to give them more ro
om to grow. Plough the land a s
econd time to prepare it for the
warm-season vegetables.
Month What will be done
April
It’s in April when you
should plant beans, corn,
eggplant, peas, peppers,
tomatoes and watermelons.
Remove weeds and grass.
Month What will be done
May
It’s in May when you have to
watch out for insects. Fight
insects and disease when you
see them. Water the plants
when needed. Build a frame of
wood or bamboo for beans to
climb on.
Month What will be done
June
It’s in June that you have to
harvest vegetables such as beans
and peas, onions and potatoes.
Store onions and potatoes dry
and cool. Prepare the land for
planting new crops. Take care
of irrigation.
Month What will be done
July
It’s in July when you should make a plan for the crops you want to plant in autumn. Fight drought with enough irrigation of the land. Remove weeds. Plant second crops for tomatoes, corn and beans. In July it’s also the time to plant big pumpkins for Halloween!
Month What will be done
August
It’s in August when we
have to plant broccoli,
cabbage, carrots and
onions. Make sure to water
the plants enough. Harvest
ripe fruit and vegetables.
Month What will be done
September
It’s in September when we
harvest green peppers and
tomatoes before the cold of
winter comes. Water and
weed the crops that were
planted in August.
Month What will be done
October
It’s in October when the last cro
ps are harvested. Put dead plant
s, old leaves and other materials
together. Store animal manure f
or use as fertiliser next year. Sta
rt thinking about your garden pl
ans for next year.
ExplanationExplanation
1. Much of the wisdom discovered by
early Chinese scientists is still useful
for farmers and gardeners today.
中国古代科学家所发现的大量知识和经验 , 对于今天的农民和艺工仍然有用。
此处 discovered by early Chinese scient
ists 是过去分词短语作后置定语 , 相当于 much of the wisdom which was disco
vered by … 。又如:
The man injured by the bullet was tak
en to the hospital.
=The man who was injured by the bul
let was taken to the hospital.
被子弹打伤的那个人被送往了医院。
One of the houses wrecked by the storm
belonged to my grandfather.
=One of the houses that had been wreck
ed by the storm belonged to my grandfa
ther.
被暴风雨袭击的其中一间房子是我祖父的。
2. He spent his time on research into agric
ulture. 他专心研究农业。
research 在此处为名词 , 意为“研究 ,
探讨 ; 调查” , 后常跟介词 into 或 on 。如 :
a starting piece of research into the caus
es of cancer
研究致癌的一项惊人成果
3. But if you go against nature and do thi
ngs at the wrong time of year, you will
have to do more work and the results
will not be so good.
如果违背自然规律 , 不按时耕作 , 就会事倍功半。
go against 意为“反对或违反某事 ;
与某事冲突”。如 :
His thinking goes against all logic.
他的思维完全不符合逻辑。此外 , go against 还有“对某人不利 ;
抵抗或反对某人”的意思。如:The war is going against us.
这场战争对我们很不利。
Don’t go against your parents’ wishes.
不要违背父母的意愿。He went against the advice of his colle
agues and resigned.
他不顾同事的劝告辞了职。
5. condition
a state of being of general health
状态 , 健康状况The astronauts soon got used to the
condition of weightlessness.
4. guide to sth.
英语入门 a guide to English
中国旅行指南 a guide to China
out of condition 身体不好 in good condition 情况良好in poor condition 情况不好
(pl.) the state of affairs at a particular pl
ace or time 环境 , 情况 常用复数housing conditions 住房条件
6. deep/deeply
deep 用于具体的深度 , 包括时间和空间They dived deep in the sea.
They talked deep into the night.deeply 用语抽象的 , 比喻的意义We were deeply moved by this film.
deeply 可以修饰形容词和过去分词。
7. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide to
farming.
贾思勰的书是实用的农耕指南。 practical 意为“实用的 , 有用的” , 此
外它还意为“实际的 ; 功利的 ; 事实上的 ; 实质上的”。
He made practical use of his knowledge
of English.
他实际使用他的英语知识。practical advice 有用的忠告practical wisdom 生活的智慧He is the practical president of this com
pany.
他是这家公司实际的总经理。
8. Before sowing or planting crops, roug
h ground must be cleaned and weeds
removed.
在播种、插苗之前必须平整高低不平的田地 , 除掉杂草。
before 意为“在……之前” , 作介词用。此句可以改写成: before you so
w or plant crops (before 是连词 )
After you finish your homework, you
can help me with the farm work.
完成作业后 , 你可以帮我干些农活。 这句话也可以说成:After finishing your homework, you
can help me with the farm work.
Farmers’ proverbs and sayings
No weather is ill, if the wind be still.
Yellow sky at sunset, wind in the
morrow.
Rain before seven, clear by eleven.
April showers bring May flowers.
Tips
Deeds are fruits, words are but
leaves.
The best ground bears weeds as
well as flowers.
Never cackle unless you lay.
Look at the pictures below. Put
them in the right order and write
two sentences for each to describe
what you can see in the picture and
what will happen.
Reading on P111
The correct order of the pictures: 3-4-1-2
Sample sentences
1. The hills surrounding the villages are
green and covered with trees and
grasslands. Farmers use the land, but
also take care of the environment.
2. The trees are cut down in large
numbers. The whole forest has
disappeared, and no new trees are
planted.
3. When it rains, the soil is washed
away. The barren hills cannot be
used for agriculture.
4. Local people start to repair the
damage that was done to the
environment. By planting trees, the
barren hills will be turned green
again.
Write down five possible rules of
what people should and should
not do in the woods.
1. WALK on the paths or roads.
2. PLANT new trees when cutting
down any.
3. PROTECT young trees from being
eaten by deer or rabbits.
Five rules of what people should
do in the woods.
4. WATER young trees and give l
eft-over fertiliser to trees near t
he village.
5. RESPECT nature and care for
the trees.
Five rules of what people should not
do in the woods.
1. DON’T make any fires in the wood.
2. DON’T throw away any cigarettes.
3. DON’T damage or cut down young
trees.
4. DON’T throw away any rubbish.
5. DON’T kill birds or other animals
in the wood.
1. Trees grow everywhere ___ all the hills
______ the village.
2. _______________ , there may be
problems, such as floods, sand storms
or droughts.
3. The time has ____ to repair the damage
____ was done to the environment.
Do the following exercises.
on
around
As a result of this
come
that
4. That does not always have to be
difficult __ expensive.
5. After about three years, her work
planting trees __________ barren land
green again.
6. To the villagers’ great joy, the tree and
tea crops are also __________ money
to them.
or
had turned
bringing in
Homework
Go over the texts after class and tr
y to preview Writing on Page 112.