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Temperature is….› How much heat something has or does not
have.› Measure of the average amount of kinetic
energy in the molecules of a substance› Kinetic energy = movement = heat› The higher the temp. the faster the molecules
move.
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The sum of the kinetic and potential energy in molecules› Kinetic = energy of motion› Potential = energy stored in bonds
Increases when:› Number of bonds or molecules increase› Motion of molecules increase› Space decreases
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Almost all substance will expand when heated and contract when cooled.
Why? Gases expand more than liquids and
liquids expand more than solids. Marshmallow in microwave
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Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin
H2O freezes
H2O boils
0° 100 °
32 ° 212 °
273 373
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Fahrenheit to Celsius› (° F – 32) * 5/9
Celsius to Fahrenheit› (° C * 9/5) + 32
Celsius to Kelvin› K = ° C + 273
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Fahrenheit to Celsius: 32 212 80 55 72 Celsius to Fahrenheit: 0 100 14 27 33 Convert to Kelvin: 0c 100c 44c 72F 11F
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Convert 31° F to Kelvin
Convert 250 K to Celsius.
Convert 320 K to Fahrenheit.
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Kinetic energy that is transferred from the molecules of one object to another.
+ =
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Conduction› Heat transfer by direct contact› Kinetic energy of molecules transfers from
moving particles to slower moving particles Hot chocolate on your tongue Ice cube in your hand Egg in a skillet.
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Radiation› Heat is transferred electromagnetic waves› Waves carry energy
How the sun heats the earth. Heat you feel from a camp fire. How food is heated in a microWAVE.
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Convection› Heat is transferred by molecules moving
from one area to another in a gas or liquid
› When boiling water for Mac and Cheese. Turn stove on and burner transfers heat to
pot through conduction. Heat transfers from pot to first water
molecules through conduction. Water molecules on the bottom that have
heat move to the top and the entire pot of water is heated by convection.
Macaroni is heated through conduction.
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Swimming pools and lakes. › Warmer water is always on top.
Wind› Created by cool dense air pushing it’s way
toward warmer less dense air.› Why the ocean is a great place to fly a kite.
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Any material that easily transfers heat.› Can you name a few?
Metals Gold Copper Iron Titanium
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A material that heat does not flow easily. Used to handle hot objects or insulate
houses and buildings.› Wood› Fiberglass› Plastic› Rubber› Air
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Different materials absorb heat at different rates.› On a hot summer day would you rather
stand barefoot for an hour on a paved parking lot surface or on the grass?
› Parking lot absorbs and retains heat.
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The increase in the overall temperature of a body of water due to warm water inflow.› Plants and factories that sit on the banks of a
river use the water to cool their machines and then release the warmed water back into the natural environment.
Effects =› warm water can retain less oxygen than cool
water. Aquatic life needs oxygen.
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Find an article on thermal pollution caused by human activity. › Write a short paragraph explaining the
impacts on the environment and how we as humans could fix the problem.
Design an energy efficient house. Label all areas where radiation, conduction, and convection will take place. Make sure to put a (+) beside those areas that are good for energy use and a (-) beside areas where the heat transfer is bad.