Temperature is….› How much heat something has or does not

have.› Measure of the average amount of kinetic

energy in the molecules of a substance› Kinetic energy = movement = heat› The higher the temp. the faster the molecules

move.

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy in molecules› Kinetic = energy of motion› Potential = energy stored in bonds

Increases when:› Number of bonds or molecules increase› Motion of molecules increase› Space decreases

Almost all substance will expand when heated and contract when cooled.

Why? Gases expand more than liquids and

liquids expand more than solids. Marshmallow in microwave

Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin

H2O freezes

H2O boils

0° 100 °

32 ° 212 °

273 373

Fahrenheit to Celsius› (° F – 32) * 5/9

Celsius to Fahrenheit› (° C * 9/5) + 32

Celsius to Kelvin› K = ° C + 273

Fahrenheit to Celsius: 32 212 80 55 72 Celsius to Fahrenheit: 0 100 14 27 33 Convert to Kelvin: 0c 100c 44c 72F 11F

Convert 31° F to Kelvin

Convert 250 K to Celsius.

Convert 320 K to Fahrenheit.

Kinetic energy that is transferred from the molecules of one object to another.

+ =

Conduction› Heat transfer by direct contact› Kinetic energy of molecules transfers from

moving particles to slower moving particles Hot chocolate on your tongue Ice cube in your hand Egg in a skillet.

Radiation› Heat is transferred electromagnetic waves› Waves carry energy

How the sun heats the earth. Heat you feel from a camp fire. How food is heated in a microWAVE.

Convection› Heat is transferred by molecules moving

from one area to another in a gas or liquid

› When boiling water for Mac and Cheese. Turn stove on and burner transfers heat to

pot through conduction. Heat transfers from pot to first water

molecules through conduction. Water molecules on the bottom that have

heat move to the top and the entire pot of water is heated by convection.

Macaroni is heated through conduction.

Swimming pools and lakes. › Warmer water is always on top.

Wind› Created by cool dense air pushing it’s way

toward warmer less dense air.› Why the ocean is a great place to fly a kite.

Any material that easily transfers heat.› Can you name a few?

Metals Gold Copper Iron Titanium

A material that heat does not flow easily. Used to handle hot objects or insulate

houses and buildings.› Wood› Fiberglass› Plastic› Rubber› Air

Different materials absorb heat at different rates.› On a hot summer day would you rather

stand barefoot for an hour on a paved parking lot surface or on the grass?

› Parking lot absorbs and retains heat.

The increase in the overall temperature of a body of water due to warm water inflow.› Plants and factories that sit on the banks of a

river use the water to cool their machines and then release the warmed water back into the natural environment.

Effects =› warm water can retain less oxygen than cool

water. Aquatic life needs oxygen.

Find an article on thermal pollution caused by human activity. › Write a short paragraph explaining the

impacts on the environment and how we as humans could fix the problem.

Design an energy efficient house. Label all areas where radiation, conduction, and convection will take place. Make sure to put a (+) beside those areas that are good for energy use and a (-) beside areas where the heat transfer is bad.