dover chemicals - additives

HIGH PERFORMANCE ADDITIVES

Dover Chemical CorporationDover Chemical CorporationDover Chemical CorporationDover Chemical CorporationDover Chemical Corporation

Dover Chemical Corporation (www.doverchem.com) is the leadingproducer of both solid and liquid chlorinated paraffins in the UnitedStates. After being acquired in 1975 by ICC Industries Inc., we havesteadily expanded our product line to include organophosphites,antioxidants, flame retardants, lubricant additives, functional additives,brominated compounds, metallic stearates and alkyl phenols, includingpara- and di-nonylphenol, and para- and di-cumylphenol.

Dover Chemical’s campus is located along Interstate 77 in east centralOhio. This location provides easy access for shipping to customers allover the world. Domestically we use our own fleet of trucks,supplemented when necessary by common carriers and rail service.

We are proud to have earned ISO 9001 certification in recognition ofour ongoing commitment to uncompromising quality. We join othermembers of the American Chemistry Council in our dedication to theprinciples of Responsible Care, including product stewardship,emergency response and community awareness, pollution prevention,process safety, distribution safety, and employee health and safety.

As a wholly-owned subsidiary of ICC Industries, Dover Chemical enjoys theresources associated with ICC’s position as a global leader in themanufacturing, marketing and trading of chemical, plastic andpharmaceutical products. Originated as a trading enterprise, ICC hasexpanded its line of business to include manufacturing companieslocated in 23 locations throughout the United States, Europe, Israel,Russia, China and Turkey.

Chairman’s StatementChairman’s StatementChairman’s StatementChairman’s StatementChairman’s Statement

ICC Industries Inc. is a global leader in the manufacturing, marketing and trading ofchemical, plastic, and pharmaceutical products. ICC originated as a trading enterprise in1952, and over the years, expanded its line of business to include manufacturingcompanies. ICC now has manufacturing facilities in twenty-three locations throughout theUnited States, Europe, Israel, Russia, China and Turkey.

ICC is committed to the continued growth of its manufacturing and trading operations,actively pursuing investment programs and new acquisitions.

ICC is engaged in seven major areas of business:

International and domestic trading and marketing of chemicals, plastics,pharmaceuticals and natural gas;

Extrusion of plastic resin into custom sheet;

Compounding of plastic resin and master batch, and production of colorconcentrates;

Production of specialty chemicals including chlorinated paraffins,organophosphites, flame retardants, and plastic and lubricant additives;

Production of PVC, caustic soda, chlorine, EDC, VCM and downstreamproducts;

Production of flavors, fragrances, aroma chemicals, botanical extracts, gumsand raw materials for the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries;

Production of over-the-counter generic pharmaceuticals.

ICC places high priority on developing new products, and has created the ICC NewProduct Development Group, with state-of-the-art laboratories, to coordinate and supportthe research and development efforts of its manufacturing subsidiaries.

ICC’s paramount goal is to remain at the forefront of its field, both through technologicalinnovation and the forging of strategic alliances worldwide. To this end, ICC brings anexperienced international trading network, cutting-edge technology, and worldwideproduction capabilities.

Dr. John J. FarberChairman of the BoardICC Industries Inc.

• Dover Chemical patented molecule based on pentaerythritol diphosphite

• Extremely clean toxicological profile; FDA and EU-SCF approved*

• Free flowing solid with low volatility and high melting point

• High molecular weight and phosphorous content

• Unsurpassed hydrolytic and thermal stability

• Excellent color and process stabilizer for resins processed at any temperature

• Superior secondary antioxidant in combination with hindered phenols

• Stabilizer for non-olefinic polymers including PET, PBT, PC and Nylons

* Please contact a Dover Chemical representative for current informationon the global regulatory status of Doverphos S-9228.

Doverphos S-9228 is a free-flowing, solidphosphite antioxidant developed byDover Chemical Corporation.Doverphos S-9228 has excellenthydrolytic stability in addition to

excellent in polymer melt flow and colorstability. Because of its high meltingpoint, Doverphos S-9228 can be utilizedin applications that require processingat elevated temperatures.

Bis (2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphiteCAS Registry Number 154862-43-8

U.S. Patent No’s. 5,364,895 and 5,438,086

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Doverphos S-9228’s high molecular weight, low volatility and highphosphorous content provide superior thermal stability, giving yououtstanding processing protection against discoloration and thermaldegradation. Extremely good hydrolytic stability prevents theformation of black specks and keeps blends uniform.

Dovernox D-Blends are available in a variety of compositionscontaining antioxidants, phosphites and processing aids. Our exclusiveblends employ Doverphos S-9228, and we also offer many blendscomprised of standard industry formulations. Powder is the standardphysical form, but blends can be special ordered as granular products.

Dovernox D-Blend ratios and applications are listed in our productbrochure. If you don’t see what you need, we can developproprietary blends to meet your requirements.

Dover also offers specially blended Add*Packs based on calciumstearate and waxes for PVC applications.

When PolymersWhen PolymersWhen PolymersWhen PolymersWhen Polymersneed to take the heat...need to take the heat...need to take the heat...need to take the heat...need to take the heat...

... THE DOVER DIFFERENCE IS CLEAR... THE DOVER DIFFERENCE IS CLEAR... THE DOVER DIFFERENCE IS CLEAR... THE DOVER DIFFERENCE IS CLEAR... THE DOVER DIFFERENCE IS CLEAR

Doverphos® S-9228compared to variouscommercialphosphites afterheating at 280° C for120 minutes

DoverphosS-9228Bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphiteCAS Registry No.154862-43-8U.S. Patent No.5,364,895 and5,438,086

Bis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphite

DoverphosHiPure 4Trisnonylphenylphosphite

Phosphorustrichloride,reactionproducts with1,1’-biphenyland 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol

Tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite

Bis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-4-methyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphite

Get improved color in your polymer and more precise additive ratiosGet improved color in your polymer and more precise additive ratiosGet improved color in your polymer and more precise additive ratiosGet improved color in your polymer and more precise additive ratiosGet improved color in your polymer and more precise additive ratioswith Dovernoxwith Dovernoxwith Dovernoxwith Dovernoxwith Dovernox®®®®® D D D D D-Blends using our patented Doverphos S-9228 phosphite-Blends using our patented Doverphos S-9228 phosphite-Blends using our patented Doverphos S-9228 phosphite-Blends using our patented Doverphos S-9228 phosphite-Blends using our patented Doverphos S-9228 phosphite

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Dover Chemical has grown into aleading producer of organo-phosphites by continuing to identifyand meet market needs of productconsistency, high purity, and fastresponse time. Our ability tocontinually develop innovativeproducts and our commitment toworking closely with customers havecontributed to our success with theseproducts.

Dover Chemical offers a line of solidantioxidants for use in a wide rangeof polymers. Dover also hasintroduced a line of hindered phenolantioxidants to further broaden ourproduct range.

Doverphos® S-9228 prevents yellowing andloss in physical properties during long termheat aging. This is shown in Plaque A whichcontains a competitive phosphite, versusPlaque B which contains Doverphos® S-9228.

PLAQUE A PLAQUE B

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LUBRICANTSLUBRICANTSLUBRICANTSLUBRICANTSLUBRICANTS

Lubricant AdditivesLubricant AdditivesLubricant AdditivesLubricant AdditivesLubricant Additivesfor Straight Oils,for Straight Oils,for Straight Oils,for Straight Oils,for Straight Oils,Soluble Oils andSoluble Oils andSoluble Oils andSoluble Oils andSoluble Oils and

Synthetic CoolantsSynthetic CoolantsSynthetic CoolantsSynthetic CoolantsSynthetic Coolants

Photo courtesy of Master Chemical Corp.

Dover Chemical’s commitment toquality and technologicalsuperiority is evident in the lubricantadditive product line. Our 300Series chlorinated paraffins offeradvanced corrosion control. Ouradditives for water-basedmetalworking fluids are designedfor easy use, environmentalfriendliness, and high performance.

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SPECIALSPECIALSPECIALSPECIALSPECIALTY ADDITIVESTY ADDITIVESTY ADDITIVESTY ADDITIVESTY ADDITIVES

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Dover Chemical produces a complete line of non-ionic surfactants, phosphate esters, and polyol esters.These products have a very wide range of applications and are used in a variety of formulations.

Milidin GX-3 was formulated for use in varioussystems as an additive for emulsions andaqueous solutions where control of pH iscritical. It prolongs the useful life of aqueoussolutions and emulsions by stabilizing the pH at8 - 9. It does this by acting as a buffer duringthe changes in chemistry that take place in asolution or emulsion over time. These changesinclude the effects of oxidation and additivedepletion as well as reduced pH. GX-3’s highreserve alkalinity acts to minimize these effectsby ensuring the system maintains or stays closeto its original pH. This ensures the system will

Milidin GX-3Milidin GX-3Milidin GX-3Milidin GX-3Milidin GX-3continue to function as it was designed,reduces degradation, and improves long-termstability. Milidin GX-3 is compatible with otheradditives that are stable under alkalineconditions. It does not contain any phenol orphenolic derivatives, heavy metals, nitrates,nitrites or nitroso-amines. It is a low toxicityproduct.

Milidin GX-3 can be added to water-basedsolutions or emulsions so that theconcentration in the finished material is 1000 -2000 ppm, a level sufficient for pH control.

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Milidin GXMilidin GXMilidin GXMilidin GXMilidin GX-3 in water-3 in water-3 in water-3 in water-3 in water-based systems:-based systems:-based systems:-based systems:-based systems:• Neutralizes waterborne resins• Improves associative thickener performance• Controls pH and viscosity stability• Is effective in low-odor systems• Decreases formulation costs

Typical Properties Milidin GXTypical Properties Milidin GXTypical Properties Milidin GXTypical Properties Milidin GXTypical Properties Milidin GX-3-3-3-3-3

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SURFACTANTS: The largest industrial use foralkylphenol is in the manufacture ofnonionic surfactants. These ethoxylatedalkylphenol surfactants have goodchemical stability and excellent wetting,emulsifying and detergent properties.

TNPP: Nonylphenol is reacted withphosphorus trichloride to producetrisnonylphenyl phosphite (TNPP), acommon antioxidant for a wide range ofpolymer systems.

PHENOLIC RESINS: Nonylphenol reacts withaldehydes to yield phenolic resins. Whenused with other phenols, even in smallquantities, it makes the phenolic resins morewater resistant, more soluble in oil, andimproves electrical properties.

RUBBER CHEMISTRY: Nonylphenol sulfide hasbeen used as a reclaiming agent for synthetic rubber.

PVC: A variety of alkylphenol derivatives haveuses as polyvinyl chloride plasticizer intermediates.These intermediates include nonylphenol benzoate,nonylphenol alkanesulfonates andnonylcyclohexanol.

EPOXY RESINS: Nonylphenol can be used in anepoxy resin hardener.

MISCELLANEOUS: Other applications foralkylphenols include pharmaceuticals, corrosioninhibitors, dyestuffs, ore flotation agents, insecticides,bactericides, chemical stabilizers, and the leatherindustry. The overbased calcium salt of nonylphenolcan be used as a dispersant in hydraulic fluids andmotor oil.

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Alkylphenol ApplicationsAlkylphenol ApplicationsAlkylphenol ApplicationsAlkylphenol ApplicationsAlkylphenol Applications

In 1996, Dover Chemical built a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility to produce alkyl-phenol products. After several expansionsand updates, today’s facility is totally auto-mated, assuring our customers of consistentquality para- and di-nonylphenol and para-and di-cumylphenol. This plant represents amajor investment in Dover’s strategy tobecome a global supplier to the polymerindustry.

Typical Properties of Di-Nonylphenol (DNP)

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Hordaresin and Chlorez are the brand names for DoverChemical’s line of resinous chlorinated paraffins. Theseproducts are tasteless and odorless chlorinated paraffinresins especially soluble in aromatic and chlorinatedsolvents. They have limited or no solubility in loweralcohols, glycols, glycerines, and water. They providelow-cost flame retardancy for a wide variety ofapplications.

Hordaresin and Chlorez are compatible with mostcommonly used resins, rubbers, plasticizers, waxes, anddrying oils. Because of their very high active halogencontent and low cost, these products find wide usageas flame retardant additives in coatings, inks, plastics,foams, adhesives, paper and fabrics.

DOVERGUARDDOVERGUARDDOVERGUARDDOVERGUARDDOVERGUARDDover Chemical Corporation has developed a groupof products based on the bromination and chlorinationof a variety of olefins. Each has been developed tomeet specific end-use needs. These products also canbe compounded into a variety of polymer systems toprovide efficient use of synergists.

DODODODODOVEVEVEVEVERRRRRSPSPSPSPSPEEEEERRRRRSSSSSEEEEEBoth Doversperse A-1 and Doversperse 3 typicallycontain 45% available chlorine for maximum flameretardant efficiency. Because of their non-ionic basethey find application in both cationic and anionicemulsion systems. In addition to their flame retardantcontribution they improve adhesion, impact chemicaland water resistance and allow the user to formulateaqueous systems rather than solvent systems.

Doversperse A-1 is recommended if increased hardnessis required. Use Doversperse 3 for plasticizing andtackifying. Application areas include adhesives, rubbercoatings, inks, carpet backings, paper and fabriccoatings.

Lab testswith and withoutflame retardant

additives prove theireffectiveness.

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METMETMETMETMETALLIC STEARAALLIC STEARAALLIC STEARAALLIC STEARAALLIC STEARATESTESTESTESTES

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Dover Chemical has expanded its alreadyimpressive presence in the polymer additivemarket with the addition of Doverlube®

Metallic Stearates. These metal soaps are usedwidely in the polymer industry as internallubricants, acid scavengers, co-stabilizers andfusion promoters. Manufacturers of styrenics,polyolefins, urethanes, polyesters and mostnotably PVC, use Metallic Stearates in theirformulations. Other markets and applicationsusing Metallic Stearates include paints andcoatings, inks, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals andpetroleum products.

Dover Chemical has developed andcommercialized a new, proprietary line of tri-basic calcium stearates called DoverlubeTri*Cal. This new family of products providesthe polymer industry, PVC Compounders andfabricators in particular, with enhancedperformance over commonly-used, over-based calcium stearates, including:

• improved early color and early color hold• improved early color and early color hold• improved early color and early color hold• improved early color and early color hold• improved early color and early color hold• lower static charge build-up• lower static charge build-up• lower static charge build-up• lower static charge build-up• lower static charge build-up• improved weathering• improved weathering• improved weathering• improved weathering• improved weathering• lower odor during processing from• lower odor during processing from• lower odor during processing from• lower odor during processing from• lower odor during processing from

tin stabilizer systemstin stabilizer systemstin stabilizer systemstin stabilizer systemstin stabilizer systems• ability to reduce tin stabilizer• ability to reduce tin stabilizer• ability to reduce tin stabilizer• ability to reduce tin stabilizer• ability to reduce tin stabilizer

addition rates, thus yieldingaddition rates, thus yieldingaddition rates, thus yieldingaddition rates, thus yieldingaddition rates, thus yieldinglower cost compoundslower cost compoundslower cost compoundslower cost compoundslower cost compounds

The chart above shows the relative thermalperformance of Doverlube Tri*Cal versus standardover-based calcium stearate.

Dover Chemical also offers Add*Packs, which areblends of metallic stearate and other polymeradditives produced by Dover Chemical:Doverphos®, Dovernox® and paraffin or oxidizedpolyethylene waxes.

DoverlubeDoverlubeDoverlubeDoverlubeDoverlube®®®®® Performance Comparison Performance Comparison Performance Comparison Performance Comparison Performance Comparisonusing Rohm & Haas TM-181 Tusing Rohm & Haas TM-181 Tusing Rohm & Haas TM-181 Tusing Rohm & Haas TM-181 Tusing Rohm & Haas TM-181 Tin Stabilizerin Stabilizerin Stabilizerin Stabilizerin Stabilizer

Samples were milled for 5 minutes at 180° C and then pressed into 2” plaques

Tin Stabilizer Level0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75

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The PhosBooster AdvantageThe PhosBooster AdvantageThe PhosBooster AdvantageThe PhosBooster AdvantageThe PhosBooster Advantage

••••• Improved heat stability Improved heat stability Improved heat stability Improved heat stability Improved heat stability

••••• Improved early color Improved early color Improved early color Improved early color Improved early color

••••• Improved clarity Improved clarity Improved clarity Improved clarity Improved clarity

••••• Improved moisture resistance Improved moisture resistance Improved moisture resistance Improved moisture resistance Improved moisture resistance

••••• Reduced plate out Reduced plate out Reduced plate out Reduced plate out Reduced plate out

••••• No heavy metals No heavy metals No heavy metals No heavy metals No heavy metals

••••• No solvents No solvents No solvents No solvents No solvents

••••• Reduced volatiles Reduced volatiles Reduced volatiles Reduced volatiles Reduced volatiles

••••• Reduced stabilization costs Reduced stabilization costs Reduced stabilization costs Reduced stabilization costs Reduced stabilization costs

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Add performance and cut flexible PVC processing costsAdd performance and cut flexible PVC processing costsAdd performance and cut flexible PVC processing costsAdd performance and cut flexible PVC processing costsAdd performance and cut flexible PVC processing costswith no heavy metals or solventswith no heavy metals or solventswith no heavy metals or solventswith no heavy metals or solventswith no heavy metals or solvents

DOVER PhosBoostersDOVER PhosBoostersDOVER PhosBoostersDOVER PhosBoostersDOVER PhosBoosters®®®®®

AdvancedAdvancedAdvancedAdvancedAdvancedPhosphite EsterPhosphite EsterPhosphite EsterPhosphite EsterPhosphite Ester

TTTTTechnologyechnologyechnologyechnologyechnologySM

Dover PhosBooster productsoffer a whole new approachto processing flexible PVCcompounds. Dover’s patent-pending complex phosphiteester mixtures improve bothperformance and cost. Usedas partial or full replacements ofconventional mixed metalstabilizers, PhosBoostersreduce or eliminate heavymetals and VOC’s.

PhosBooster’s clarity, initialcolor, plate out reduction andlong-term heat stability areshown above. Thesecharacteristics let you use lesspigment, cut clean-out timeand run hotter and faster.

DynamicHeatStability

BrabenderTemperature: 190° C

RPM: 80

Sample Weight: 60g

Formulation:

Dover PhosBooster710 (DPB)

100 phr Resin38 phr DOP5 phr ESO0.4 phr Stearic Acid3.0 phr Ba/Zn Stabilizer

Minutes Ba/Zn DPB(100%)

DPB(70% rep.)

DPB(50% rep,)

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

25 min.

30 min.

35 min.

40 min.

45 min.

50 min.

55 min.

60 min.

Clarity

PhosBooster Ba/Zn

Initial Color

PhosBoosterBa/Zn Ba/Cd

Plate Out

PhosBoosterBa/Zn

TECHNICAL ASTECHNICAL ASTECHNICAL ASTECHNICAL ASTECHNICAL ASSISTSISTSISTSISTSISTANCEANCEANCEANCEANCE

ANALANALANALANALANALYTICALYTICALYTICALYTICALYTICALFTIR - Fourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyDSC - Differential Scanning CalorimetryTGA - Thermal Gravimetric AnalysisGC - Gas ChromatographyGC / MS - Gas Chromatography / Mass SpectrometryGPC - Gel Permeation ChromatographyHPLC - High Pressure Liquid ChromatographyColorimetryX-Ray Fluorescence - Elemental AnalysisICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy

PHYSICAL PROPERTY ANALPHYSICAL PROPERTY ANALPHYSICAL PROPERTY ANALPHYSICAL PROPERTY ANALPHYSICAL PROPERTY ANALYSISYSISYSISYSISYSISAcid numberColor determinationViscosity measurementChlorine contentPhosphorus contentSoftening point - Ring & Ball MethodSpecific GravityParticle sizeStability testVolatility testFlash PointCorrosion TestAsh contentIron content

PROCESSINGPROCESSINGPROCESSINGPROCESSINGPROCESSING2 Roll MillsBanbury MixerBoy Injection MolderBattenfield Injection MolderKillion 1½” Single Screw ExtruderLeistritz - 27mm, Co-Rotating, 40 L/D Twin Screw ExtruderBrabenders • Dynamic Heat & Shear Stability

• ¾” ExtruderSheet & Pellet ExtrusionRC-1 Mettler Reactor Calorimeter

PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, FLAMMABILITYPHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, FLAMMABILITYPHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, FLAMMABILITYPHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, FLAMMABILITYPHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, FLAMMABILITYInstron - flex and tensileIzod Impact TesterFalling Dart Impact TesterVicat Softening PointHeat DeflectionQUV - Weathering TestOxygen Index TesterUL-94 Flammability CabinetPolymer Melt FlowFalex Pin & V-Block Friction and Wear TesterMicrotap Tapping Torque

Dover Chemical has new state-of-the-art research and quality controllaboratories. This facilitates thedevelopment of new products andenables us to prove a product’s abilityto perform as required. These modernfacilities, complemented by our ISO9001 Certification, assure consistent andcontinuing conformance to everchanging needs. The following is asampling of the capabilities of ourtechnical and quality controldepartments.

Dover Chemical Corporation is uniquelyequipped to provide timely solutions toyour needs for chlorinated paraffins,organophosphites, brominatedcompounds, flame retardants,antioxidants, lubricant additives andalkylphenols.

Total Quality is assured from productdevelopment through actual produc-tion. Our research center, with state-of-the-art equipment, is able to developnew products to perform to your specifi-cations. This modern facility, comple-mented by our ISO 9001 certification,means consistent, continuing conform-ance to your ever-changing needs.

Demanding “Just-in-Time” deliveryschedules are not a problem with DoverChemical. We are the only producer ofthese products with our own truck fleet.We are dedicated to anytime delivery -days, nights, weekends, whenever youneed our products - allowing you toeliminate costly inventory warehousingwhile still meeting your own productionrequirements.

The bottom line of our customer serviceadvantage is our people. People withthe knowledge and flexibility to makesure you obtain the timely chemicalsolutions you need.

FocusingFocusingFocusingFocusingFocusingExtraordinaryExtraordinaryExtraordinaryExtraordinaryExtraordinary

ResourcesResourcesResourcesResourcesResourceson Customer Needson Customer Needson Customer Needson Customer Needson Customer Needs

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Order Hot Line:Order Hot Line:Order Hot Line:Order Hot Line:Order Hot Line:1-800-75-DOVER1-800-75-DOVER1-800-75-DOVER1-800-75-DOVER1-800-75-DOVER

(1-800-753-6837)(1-800-753-6837)(1-800-753-6837)(1-800-753-6837)(1-800-753-6837)

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