PREFACEFirst of all, thanks to Allah SWT who has been giving

opportunity and healthy to the writer, so that the writer

can complete the paper to fulfill the exam that given by

the lecturer with the subject is Environmental Law

entitled Waste Management (Liquid Waste). This paper is

an effort to provide an understanding of waste management

for avoiding the environmental damage.

As the writer realize that this paper is far from

perfect, therefore criticism and suggestions from

everyone that built the perfection of this paper is

always hoped. Finally, I say thank you to everyone, May

Allah SWT be pleased with all the effort we continually.

Amin.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface..........................................

................................... 1

Table of

Contents.........................................

................... 2Chapter 1 Introduction

A. Background................................

........ 3

B. Problem

Formulation.......................... 4

Chapter 2

Discussion.......................................

................ 5

2

Chapter 3

Conclusion............................................

................ 14

References.......................................

................................ 15

CHAPTER 1

3

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Earth is composed largely of water because the land

area is smaller than the vast ocean. Where water is also

a basic requirement of all living things. Almost all the

poses of life that occurred on Earth, need water. It is

no exaggeration if we then say that, there is no life if

there is no water.

Once the importance of water, so particular attention

to the substance of this one needs to be improved. In

urban areas, for example, the water used for bathing,

washing, transportation, and drinking of course. Water in

rural areas increased function as a source of livelihood

as fishermen and agricultural irrigation. Industrial

world also tend to use water in the process, such as

water boiler turbine propulsion, power plants etc.

However, human activity has made the reduction of

water quality, even make water-quality up to point

pollution of water, so the water can no longer be used

because it is dangerous to health. It starts from the

decision-discharge large amounts of water that can

disrupt ecosystems of water, until the water treatment

industry and housing that produces various kinds of

waste.

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Liquid waste or waste water is water that is not used

anymore, which is a result of human daily activities. By

increasing and increasing numbers of people with all

their activities, the amount of waste water also

increased. In general, liquid waste discharged into the

soil, rivers, lakes and the sea. If the amount of

wastewater that is discharged exceeds the natural ability

to accept or contain it, there will be damage to the

environment.

Various cases of environmental pollution and the

deterioration of public health is the case today due to

wastewater from industrial activities, hospitals,

markets, restaurants to households. This is due to the

handling and processing of waste is not getting serious

attention. Actually, the presence of liquid waste can

provide a negative value for an industrial activity.

However, handling and processing costs are sufficiently

high that received less attention from the industry,

especially among small and medium industries.

One example of environmental pollution by PT. Nagamas

to dispose of liquid waste into the sea company that

disrupts marine ecosystems, damage the environment and so

forth. This is done in the absence of good waste

management system which is owned by PT. Nagamas resulting

waste collected directly discharged into the environment

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seem to think about the impact that would occur with

indiscriminate waste disposal. Though already clearly

regulated under Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and

Management of the Environment regarding prohibited from

doing acts that result in pollution and / or destruction

of the environment. Therefore, we need a way to overcome

the problems faced by PT. Nagamas1.

Wastewater treatment technologies is key in

maintaining environmental sustainability. Whatever kinds

of domestic waste water treatment technology and industry

are built must be operated and maintained by the local

community. So processing technology chosen should be

appropriate to the technological capabilities of the

community.

To be able to choose the right technology, one must

know the general idea of the methods of wastewater

treatment there, both on the working principles of the

application of these methods, advantages and

disadvantages, and also the cost factor. It is important

in industrial wastewater treatment concept is an attempt

to prevent or suppress the pollution load to a minimum,

namely through the control of the production process

itself. Only in the next stage is generated wastewater

1 http://riauterkini.com/lingkungan.php?arr=60592 (Accessed on January 3rd 2015, 19:48 PM)

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treatment so as not to pollute water bodies (rivers,

sewers, etc.) or in other words, that waste water from

industry according to the quality standards that have

been determined.

B. Statement of Problems

1. What is waste?

2. What is liquid waste?

3. What is the type of liquid waste?

4. How liquid waste management process?

5. How liquid management methods?

6. How to analyze the case of PT. Nagamas which has

damage the environment by discard the liquid waste

to environment and what is the solution to overcome

the problem which has faced by PT. Nagamas?

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CHAPTER 2

CASE ANALYSIS

A. Definition of waste

In general, the so-called waste is waste material

resulting from an activity and production process, either

at household, industry, mining, etc. The presence of

waste at a specific time and place unwanted environment

because it has no economic value.

Therefore, the public is less concerned with the

coming of waste. There is a study that suggests that the

location of the septic tank, pit latrine (pond), and

landfills adjacent to groundwater sources, will lead to

declining water quality. Of the 636 samples, 285 samples

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of point sources of groundwater has been contaminated

with bacteria coli. Chemically, 75% of the source does

not meet drinking water quality standard parameters

assessed from elements of nitrate, nitrite, iron, and

manganese.

While in Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and

Management of the Environment, waste is residue of a

business and / or activity2. Meanwhile, according to

Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001, the wastewater is

the residue of a business or activity in liquid form.

Based on the sources of liquid waste can be derived from

the infiltration of waste, industrial waste, domestic

waste (household)

B. Definition of liquid waste

Methods and stages of wastewater treatment processes

have been developed very diverse. Liquid waste containing

different pollutants will likely require different

processing. The meaning of the liquid waste is the rest

of the results of operations and activities in a liquid

state or discharged to the environment and could be

expected to degrade the quality of the environment.

Meanwhile, according Sugiharto (1987) sewage (waste2 Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment Article 1 (20).

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water) is dirt from the community, household and also

from industry, groundwater, surface water, as well as

other waste3.

Metcalf & Eddy Likewise (2003) defines waste by a

point source as a combination of domestic liquid waste

products (residential), the agency firms, shops, and

industry with ground water, surface water, and rainwater.

Wastewater management in the production process is

intended to minimize the waste that occurs, with minimal

waste volume and toxicity concentrations were also

minimal.

According to Ehless and Steel, wastewater or sewage is

discharged residual water from households, industry and

other public places, and in general contain ingredients

or substances that may be harmful to human health and the

environment interfere . Another limitation says that

wastewater is a combination of liquid and liquid waste

from residential areas, commercial, office and industry,

together with groundwater, residential water and rain

water that may exist4.

From these limits can be concluded that the waste

water is water that remains of human activity, either3 Sugiharto (1987). Dasar- dasar Pengelolaan Air Limbah. Cetakan Pertama.

Jakarta: UI Press. P.204 Kusnoputranto, Haryoto.1985. Kesehatan Lingkungan. FKM UI. Jakarta.

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domestic activities or other activities such as

industrial, hospitality, and so forth. Although the

residual water, but the volume is big, because

approximately 80% of the water used for activities of

everyday people are thrown again into a form that is

dirty (polluted). Furthermore, this waste water will

eventually return to the river and the sea and will be

used by humans again. Therefore, this waste water must be

managed and or processed properly.

While the management of liquid waste after the

production process is intended to eliminate or reduce

levels of pollutants contained therein so that the liquid

waste to be disposed qualify. Thus in the treatment of

wastewater to obtain an effective and efficient results

necessary management measures are implemented in an

integrated manner by starting with the minimization of

waste (waste minimization), waste management, to the

production of waste disposal.

C. Types of liquid waste

Waste water comes from two sources, namely household

wastewater and industrial wastewater. In general in

household waste contained no harmful substances, while in

the industrial waste must be distinguished between waste

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containing hazardous substances and to do special

handling early stage so that its contents can be

minimized before discharged into sewage plant, because

the substance or substances that could be harmful micro-

organisms function incase work outlines the compounds in

wastewater, even harmful substances if it is applied to

plant sewage just pass without significant change, such

as heavy metals. Handling the early stages of industrial

waste is usually done chemically by adding chemical

substances that can eliminate dirt that is common and or

hazardous substances.

D. Liquid waste management methods and processes

The process of waste management can be applied as a

whole, a combination of several processes or just one.

The treatment process can also be modified according to

the needs or financial factors5.

1. Primary Treatment

Primary treatment stage effluent is largely in the form

of treatment processes in physics.

a. Screening 5 http://herisuhaeri13008.blog.teknikindustri.ft.mercubuana.ac.id/?p=394 (Accessed on January 3rd 2015, 20:32 PM)

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First, waste flowing through the sewer grate filtered

using a filter. This method is called filtering.

Filtering method is an efficient and inexpensive way to

eliminate solids from wastewater large.

b. Early treatment (pretreatment)

Second, waste that has been filtered and then piped

into a tank or tub that serves to separate the suspended

sand and other solid particles are relatively big. This

tank in English is called grit chamber and the way it

works is by slowing the waste stream so that particles -

sand particles fall to the bottom of the tank while waste

water continuously flowed to the next process.

c. Precipitation

After going through the initial processing stage,

liquid waste will be channeled to a tank or

precipitation. Deposition method is the main processing

methods and the most widely used in the primary

processing of liquid waste. In settling tanks, wastewater

be allowed to particles - solid particles suspended in

the waste water can settle to the bottom of the tank.

Deposition of these particles will form a sludge which

will then be separated from the waste water channel to

another for further processing. In addition to the

deposition method, also known as flotation method.

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d. Flotation

This method effectively used to remove pollutants such

as oils or fats. Flotation process is done by using a

tool that can generate air bubbles are small (± 30-120

microns). The air bubbles will bring oil and grease

particles to the surface so that the waste water can then

be removed.

When wastewater containing pollutants that have only

can be removed through the primary treatment process, the

wastewater that has undergone primary treatment process

can be immediately discarded into the environment (the

waters). However, if these wastes also contain other

pollutants are hard to break through the process, such as

disease-causing agents and inorganic or organic compounds

dissolved, then the waste needs to be channeled to the

subsequent processing.

2. Secondary Treatment

Secondary treatment stage is a biological treatment

process, i.e. involving microorganisms that can parse /

degrade organic matter. Microorganisms are used generally

aerobic bacteria.

There are three methods of biological treatment is

commonly used screening method with droplets (trickling

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filter), activated sludge method (activated sludge), and

methods of treatment ponds (treatment ponds / lagoons).

a. Trickling Filter Method

In this method, aerobic bacteria used to degrade

organic material attached to and grow on a medium layer

of course, usually in the form of flakes of stone or

plastic, with a thickness of ± 1-3 m. liquid waste then

sprayed onto the surface of the media and allowed to seep

through the media. During the process of permeation,

organic matter contained in the effluent would be

degraded by aerobic bacteria. After seeping through to

the bottom layer of the media, waste will drip into a

container vessel and then channeled to the settling tank.

In the settling tank, waste re-experience the

deposition process for separating suspended solid

particles and microorganisms from wastewater. The

precipitate that is formed will undergo further

processing waste, while waste water will be discharged

into the environment or distributed to the subsequent

processing if needed.

b. Activated Sludge Method

In the activated sludge method or activated sludge,

wastewater is channeled into a tank and mixed with waste

sludge in it rich in aerobic bacteria. Degradation

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processes take place in the tank for a few hours,

assisted with the provision of air bubble aeration

(oxygen delivery). Aeration can accelerate the work of

bacteria to degrade waste. Furthermore, waste is

channeled to the settling tank to experience the

deposition process, while sludge containing bacteria are

transmitted back to the aeration tank. As the trickling

filter method, waste that has been through this process

can be discharged into the environment or processed

further if still need.

c. Treatment Ponds / Lagoons Methods

Methods of treatment ponds / lagoons or ponds

treatment is inexpensive method but the process is

relatively slow. In this method, liquid waste is placed

in open ponds. Algae that grow on the surface of the pool

will photosynthesize produce oxygen. Oxygen is then used

by aero bacterial decomposition process / degradation of

organic matter in the waste. In this method, sometimes

also aerated pond. During the process of degradation in

the pool, waste will undergo deposition process. After

degradable waste and formed the bottom of the pond

sediment, waste water can be piped to discharge to the

environment or processed further.

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3. Tertiary Treatment

Tertiary treatment is done if after the primary and

secondary processing, there are still certain substances

in wastewater that can be harmful to the environment or

society. Tertiary treatment is specific, means that

treatment is tailored to the remaining substances in the

wastewater / sewage. Generally a substance that cannot be

eliminated entirely through the primary and secondary

treatment processes are dissolved inorganic substances,

such as nitrate, phosphate, and salts.

Tertiary treatment is often referred to as advanced

treatment (advanced treatment). This processing includes

various series of chemical and physical processes.

Examples of tertiary treatment methods that can be used

is a sand filter method, multimedia filter, precoal

filter, micro staining, vacuum filter, activated carbon

absorption, reduction of iron and manganese, and osmosis

back and forth.

Tertiary treatment methods are rarely applied to the

wastewater treatment facility. This is due to the costs

required to perform tertiary treatment processes tend to

be high so it is not economical.

4. Disinfection

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Disinfection or germ homicide aims to kill or reduce

pathogenic microorganisms present in the wastewater.

Mechanisms explored chemical disinfection can be done by

adding the compound/ substance, or by physical treatment.

In determining the compound to kill microorganisms, there

are some things that need to be addressed:

a. The toxicity of substances;

b. Contact time required;

c. Effectiveness of substance;

d. Dose levels used;

e. Should not be toxic to humans and animals;

f. Resistant to water, and;

g. Low fees

The examples of the wastewater disinfection mechanism

is the addition of chlorine (chlorination), irradiation

with ultraviolet (UV), or with ozone (Oз).

Disinfection process in wastewater is usually done

after the sewage treatment process is completed, i.e.

after primary treatment, secondary or tertiary, before

waste discharged into the environment.

5. Sludge Treatment

Each stage of wastewater treatment, whether primary,

secondary, or tertiary, will result in deposition of

pollutants in the form of mud. The sludge cannot be

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disposed of directly, but further processed bullet. waste

sludge processing results will usually be processed by

means of disassembly / digested aerobically (anaerobic

digestion), then distributed to several alternatives,

namely dumped into the sea or land disposal (landfill),

used as compost, or burned (incinerated).

E. Analyze case of PT. Nagamas on liquid waste

PT. Nagamas in cases in Riau is a fatal mistake made

by the company itself because it has dumped wastewater

into the environment resulting in damage to natural

ecosystems. Besides, the presence of sewage seepage owned

by PT. Nagamas is evidence of indifference to the

environment which has been regulated by law No. 32 of

2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment.

In this case, the authors conclude that the absence of

good waste management of PT. Nagamas is a serious problem

as faced by other companies. Therefore, the presence of

good waste management technology is the key to overcome

the problems faced by the company which engaged in

industrial company specially PT. Nagamas on good waste

management procedures before it is released into the

environment. If the waste management technology as

mentioned above by the author, the problems faced by PT.

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Nagamas will not happen and the preservation of the

environment will be maintained.

CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

Based on discussion above, the writer can conclude,

the water is very important in life of human. With a

growing world and the increasing number of population

causing the increasing volume of water use too. Water is

20

need in every single activity of human being, hence cause

a decline in water quality even make water-quality up to

point pollution of water, so the water can no longer be

used because it is dangerous to health. It starts from

the decision-discharge large amounts of water that can

disrupt ecosystems of water, until the water treatment

industry and housing that produces various kinds of

waste.

Therefore waste management is needed to maintain the

environment from damage especially liquid waste. This

waste can be managed so it does not pollute the

environment by some ways or processes, as follows:

1. Preliminary Treatment

2. Secondary Treatment

3. Tertiary Treatment

4. Disinfection, and;

5. Sludge Treatment

By using the process of waste management above, the

writer believe that the problem of waste which is faced

by people in around of environment can be overcome and

avoid the environmental damage.

B. Suggestion

For all the community waste management is done in the

early is a very good measure for the future. We have good

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environment we will feel healthy in vice versa we will

get suffer when we have polluted environment. So, keep

our environment for our life and for coming generation.

References

Books

Sugiharto (1987). Dasar- dasar Pengelolaan Air Limbah. Cetakan

Pertama. Jakarta: UI Press.

Kusnoputranto, Haryoto.1985. Kesehatan Lingkungan. FKM UI.

Jakarta.

Law No 32 of 2009 concerning on Protection and Management

of the Environment.

Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 concerning on

Management of Water Quality.

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on January 3rd 2015, 19:48 PM)

http://

herisuhaeri13008.blog.teknikindustri.ft.mercubuana.ac.id/

?p=394 (Accessed on January 3rd 2015, 20:32 PM)

http://carapedia.com/penanganan_limbah_cair_info3658.html

(Accessed on January 3rd 2015, 20:43 PM).

22

http://makalahariesbudiono.blogspot.com/2012/03/

manajemen-pengelolaan-limbah-padat-cair.html (Accessed on

January 3rd 2015, 20:57 PM).

http://www.indonesian-publichealth.com/2013/08/peraturan-

pengelolaan-limbah.html Acessed on January 3rd 2015,

21:24 PM)

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