urban freight consolidation centres - eclf.bike
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URBAN FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION CENTRES –TRENDS, CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS
Milena Janjevic, QalincaLabs, Université Libre de BruxellesEuropean Cycle Logistics Conference, San Sebastian, 15th October 2015
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Urban freight transport is essential for the city’s economy and liveability but is also a source of important externalities….
PEOPLE(Social Sustainability)
PROFIT(Economic Sustainability)
PLANET(Environmental Sustainability)
• Safety• Noise (add 5dB to the passenger traffic)
• Congestion contribution (double parking)
• Congestion contribution (10-15% of travelled miles)
• Critical to support consuming market: last mile accounts for 40% of the total transportation costs
• 1/3 of transport Nox emissions• ½ of particulate matter emissions from transport
• 21% of CO2 emissions
Sources: Janjevic, Lebeau, 2013. Strategy for the implementation of sustainable logistic concepts for the Brussels Capital Region ( No. Activityreport of 18 month of research). ULB, VUB, Innoviris, Brussels.
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Illustration: the urban link accounts for 1% of distance and 25% of logistical costs
1 - Champs de coton2 - Stockage de la matière première3 - Filature et tissage4 - Confection et lavage5 - Entreposage6 - Port d’expédition7 - Port de transbordement8 - Port de réception9 - Plateforme logistique10 - Distributeurs,détaillants, clients
Example: textile industry supply chain China-Europe
Source: CERTU, 2013. Transport de marchandises en ville : quels enjeux pour les collectivités ?
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Urban consolidation centres aim in rationalizing the last mile deliveries and decreasing the total vehicles*km relevant to urban freight transport
Transport flows before and afterthe implementation of the UCC
Source: Bruxelles Mobilité, 2012, ADEME, 2010
Number of deliveries and trips for Brussels
45%
10%
10%
10%
45%
80%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Deliveries Trips
Occasional
Branches procurementConsolidation
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Urban consolidation centres are also an opportunity to adopt the vehicles used for the last leg of distribution to the urban environment
ELCIDIS, La Rochelle Binnestadservice, Nijmengen
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There is a large number of implementation cases of urban consolidation centres (mostly in Europe)
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1970-1975 1976-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010
Start date of the UCCs
Source: Allen, J., Browne, M., Woodburn, A., Leonardi, J., 2012. The Role of UrbanConsolidation Centres in Sustainable Freight Transport. Transport Reviews 32, 473–490. doi:10.1080/01441647.2012.688074
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There are many variations of the UCC concepts… (1/2)
Examples: Construction material UCCs in Heathrow and Stockholm
Construction project UCCs
Examples: La Rochelle, Nijmegen, Bristol
UCCs serving a town/city
Examples: Meadowhall (Yorkshire), Heathrow retail UCC
UCCs on single site
Source: Allen, J., Browne, M., Woodburn, A., Leonardi, J., 2012. The Role of UrbanConsolidation Centres in Sustainable Freight Transport. Transport Reviews 32, 473–490. doi:10.1080/01441647.2012.688074
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There are many variations of the UCC concepts… (2/2)
UCC Surface of the UCC (m2)
Micro-Consolidation centre London 160
Motomachi UCC, Yokohama 330
Ecologis Brescia 400
Broadmead UCC, Bristom 465
The Green Link 750
La Rochelle UCC 800
Lucca 810
City Depot Brussels 1000
Padova UCC 1000
Monaco 1300
Leiden 1500
Beaugrenelle urban Logistics Space 2900
Source: own elaboration based on litterature review
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However, despite the significant interest from both the public and the private sector, their long-term viability is difficult to reach
Source: Lebeau et. al, 2015, Investigating support for UrbanConsolidation Center in Brussels
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Challenge 1: Commercial feasibility (i.e. sufficient market for UCC)
Example: urban consolidation centre in Leiden Some figures
• Leiden: 117 000 inhabitants
• UCC surface: 1300 m2
• Expected impact: a daily reduction of the number of commercial vehicles from 24,000 to 5,000 (-80% !)
• Break-even: 600 shipments/day
• Maximum throughput reached: 90 shipments/day
Source: BESTUFS
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Challenge 2: Additional cost of transhipment
Source – urban distribution service PriceUCC1* • 2,5-5 euros/parcel
• 10-20 euros/palletBoudouin, 2006 • 3 euros/parcel
UCC La Rochelle • 3,80 euros/parcel
UCC Monaco • 4,90 euros/100kg
La Petite Reine • 2,50-5 euros/delivery
Source: Ownelaboration based on litterature review;; Browne, M., Woodburn, A., Allen, J., 2007. Evaluating the potential for urban consolidation centres.
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Challenge 3: Allocation of costs and benefits
+/- Change in cost of deliveries- Loss of customer contact
+/- Change in cost of deliveries- Monopolistic situation
+ Receiver-oriented services
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Challenge 4: Lack of stakeholder support (1/2)
Brussels International Logistics Centre: the project…
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Challenge 4: Lack of stakeholder support (2/2)
Brussels International Logistics Centre: the reaction…
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Recently, there has been a regain of interest in the UCC concept and some new concepts have emerged…
Ecologic, Brescia Citydepot, Brussels
Cityporto, Padova Binnenstadservice, Netherlands
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Concept 1: Downscaling the scope of the consolidation
Micro-consolidation centre, London La Petite Reine, Paris
Source: Browne, M., Allen, J., Leonardi, J., 2011. Evaluating the use of an urban consolidation centre and electric vehicles in central London. IATSS Research 35, 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.iatssr.2011.06.002
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Concept 2: Reducing the necessary infrastructure
Example: Mobile depot by TNT Express in Brussels
Source: STRAIGHTSOL project, 2015
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Concept 3: Receiver-based consolidation centres
Binnenstadservice, Netherlands Citydepot, Hasselt, Belgium
Some advantages for retailers participating in the UCC scheme
• Remote storage (potential to increase the sales surface in the shop)• Single delivery for several suppliers (reduction of the time necessary to receiver the goods)• Possibility to choose the delivery hours (potential to move them to off-peak shopping periods)• Public recognition (“green logistics”)• Other services (e.g. home delivery)• Management of the return logistics
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Concept 4: Better supply chain integration
• Labelling, packaging, pre-retailing, tracking and tracing, quality control, etc.
Value-added services
• Consolidation of goods• Transhipment towards more adapted vehicles
• Fast turnover of goods in the consolidation centre
Transhipment point
• Remote stock of goods available at request
• Increase in the sales area• Better reactivity of the supply chain
Remote storage
SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION
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Concept 5: Night and off-hour deliveries to the UCC
• Decreased travel time• Decreased service time
Carriers
Receivers
• Increased reliability of the deliveries• No need to extend the reception hours as in the
case of regular off-hour deliveries
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Conclusion
Reduction of time per journey
Improved loading factor
Off-hour deliveries
Improved delivery reliability
Decreased congestion
Improved service quality
Decreased cost of operations
Decreased CO2 and pollutant emissions
Competitive local economy
CITY PERSPECTIVE
SUPPLY CHAINPERSPECTIVE
Value added-services