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 Book of Abstracts

 

Complete  Edition    

   

 André  Thibault,  Ph.D.  

Editor    

 

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     Copyright  ©  2014  by  the  World  Leisure  Organization  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa  50614,  USA  All  rights  reserved  Produced  in  Canada  and  the  United-­‐States    This  book  of  abstracts  may  not  be  reproduced,  in  whole  or  in  part,  in  any  form    beyond  that  copying  permitted  by  Section  107  and  108  of  the  U.S.  Copyright  Law    and  except  by  reviewers  for  the  public  press  without  permission  from  the  publishers.    Designed  by  Andre  Thibault  Print  produced  in  Canada  and  the  United-­‐States  Library  of  Congress  Cataloging  in  Publication  Data    Thibault,  Andre  O.  E.,  1946    ISBN-­‐1-881516-10-5  

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Introduction and Content  

For  five  spectacular  days  in  September  2014,  the  international  leisure  community  convened  its  biennial  World  Leisure  Congress  in  Mobile,  Alabama,  the  first  time  this  travelling  global  event  was  held  in  the  U.S.  Professionals  and  academics  from  dozens  of  countries  attended  lectures  and  presentations  by  their  peers,  toured  local  facilities,  spent  a  memorable  day  on  the  University  of  South  Alabama  campus  and  enjoyed  the  amazing  hospitality  of  the  Mobile  Bay  area.  

Kudos  to  the  Mobile  Bay  Convention  and  Visitors  Bureau  for  showcasing  the  city's  many  attributes  and  to  the  Congress  Organizing  Committee,  who,  along  with  exhibitors,  sponsors  and  event  planner  MC2,  made  this  year's  Congress  a  success.  The  next  World  Leisure  Congress  will  be  held  in  Durban,  South  Africa  in  2016.  Visit  worldleisure.org  for  more  information  on  this  event  and  world-­‐renowned  organization  

The  theme  of  the  Congress  was  “Leisure:  Enhancing  the  Human  Condition”  with  daily  subthemes  including:  health  and  wellness;  economic  development;  environmental  stewardship;  emerging  technologies;  arts  culture,  sports  and  leisure;  and  building  the  livable  city.    

The  World  Leisure  Organization  Commissions,  Chapters  and  Centers  of  excellence  were  also  involved  as  there  own  themes  were  offered  as  tracts  under  which  authors  were  invited  to  present  a  paper.  

A  call  for  paper  invited  scientists,  practitioners,  students  and  decision  makers  to  submit  two  types  of  presentations  under  these  Congress  or  Commissions  subthemes.  

1. Professional  presentations  based  on  a  policy,  an  experience,  best  practices,  a  strategy,  a  program,  a  change  or  a  development  of  space  or  equipment  which  brought  about  an  improvement  in  the  user’s  leisure  experience  and  the  set  up  of  conditions  for  its  accomplishment.  Such  presentations  answered  the  following  questions:  why,  what,  how  and  must  include  the  achieved  results  and  effects.    

2. Scientific  presentations  based  on  a  research  approach  were  also  included.  Such  presentations  were  required  to  bring  forward  a  problem  situation,  a  research  issue,  a  reference  framework,  methodology,  findings  and  discussions  or  propositions  resulting  from  these  findings.    

All  submissions  were  reviewed  and  ranked  by  at  least  two  peers  who  used  the  following  list  of  criteria.  

Scientific  presentations     40%:  Internal  quality  (coherence,  methodology)     30%:  Relevance  with  Congress  theme  and  sub-­‐themes.     20%:  Contribution  to  the  knowledge  development.  Professional  presentations  

40%:  Internal  quality  (coherence,  process)     30%:  Relevance  with  Congress  theme  and  sub-­‐themes.     20%:  Contribution  to  the  knowledge  development.  

 

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Reviewed  and  ranked  abstracts  presented  at  the  XIII  World  Leisure  Congress  are  included  in  this  document  and  presented  by  themes.    All  abstracts  are  printed  as  written  by  their  authors.  A  total  of  220  abstracts  are  included  in  this  Book  of  Abstracts.  The  user  will  certainly  discover  how  international  is  a  World  Leisure  Organization  Congress  and  how  teams  of  presenters  are  as  well  international.    Thanks  to  all  reviewers  from  Commissions  and  Centres  of  Excellence  of  the  WLO  and  from  Mobile  Bay  Program  Committee  and  University  of  South  Alabama  and  to  my  colleague  Dr.  Marc-­‐André  Lavigne  who  assisted  me  in  coordinating  this  review  process.    A  special  thank  to  Dr.  Richard  Hayes  and  his  team  from  University  of  South  Alabama  who  had  to  schedule  all  presentations  in  a  very  volatile  environment.    This  full  document  is  available  on  World  Leisure  Organization  Website  at  http://www.worldleisure.org.  The  Scientific  Program  Committee  was  impressed  by  the  general  quality  of  papers  presented  and  wish  to  thank  all  those  who  presented  their  work  at  this  XIII  World  Leisure  Congress.      

 André  Thibault,  Ph.D.  Professor  Emeritus  Scientific  Committee  Co-­‐Chair  Mobile  Bay,  Albama,  USA,  September  2014      

     Reviewers:  Dr.  Ellen  Broach  and  Dr.  Erwei  Dong,  South  Alabama  University,  USA;  Dr.  Moniek  Hover,  Breda  University,  Netherlands;  Dr.  Joanne  Schroeder,  Vancouver  Island  University,    World  Leisure  Center  of  Excellence,  Canada;  Dr.  Marc-­‐André  Lavigne,  University  of  Quebec  in  Trois-­‐Rivieres,  Canada;  Dr.  Teresa  Penbrooke,  NC  State  University,  GP  RED,  and  GreenPlay,  USA,  WLO  Commission  on  Leisure  Management;  Dr.  Berdychevsky  Kustanovich  Yelyzaveta,  University  of  Illinois,  USA  ;  Dr.  Linda  Caldwell,  Penn  State  University,  WLO  Commission  Children  and  Youth,    Dr.  Alison  Link,  Brandeis  University  and  The  Leisure  Link,  Inc  ,  WLO  Commission  on  Leisure  Education  ;  Dr.  Stephen  Wearing,  University  of  Technology  Sydney,  Australia,    Dr.  Charlene  Shannon-­‐McCallum  University  of  New  Brunswick,  Canada,  Dr  Valeria  Freysinger,  University  of  Wisconsin-­‐Madison  .  

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Authors  and  title  of  presentations  by  tract  

INTRODUCTION  AND  CONTENT  .......................................................................................................  3  HILLEL  RUSKIN  LECTURE  ................................................................................................................  13  ADRIANA  ESTHER  ESTRADA-­‐GONZÁLEZ  ...........................................................................................................  13  Rethinking  Leisure  Education  in  Later  Life:  a  Mexican  Experience  ............................................  13  

ACCESS  AND  INCLUSION  ...................................................................................................................  14  AUTRY,  CARI;  BEAVER,  RANDALL  .......................................................................................................................  14  "Now  watch  this  very  carefully"Using  Visual  Research  to  Improve  Learning  with  Student  Generated  Videos  in  an  Online  Inclusive  Recreation  Course  ..........................................................  14  

AZZINI,  EDUARDO  ..................................................................................................................................................  14  Public  spaces  and  equipment  for  sporting  leisure:  the  access  for  people  with  disabilities  –  the  case  of  Piracicaba  ......................................................................................................................................  14  

CANTIN,  ROGER;  BOUCHER,  NORMAND  ............................................................................................................  14  Factors  influencing  leisure  participation  among  adults  with  physical  disabilities  .............  14  

COLE,  SHU  ...............................................................................................................................................................  15  Travelers  with  Mobility  Impairments:  Profile,  Motivation  and  Experience  ............................  15  

CRIPPS,  DOUGLAS  ..................................................................................................................................................  15  Interprofessional  Collaboration  and  Education:  The  Role  of  Therapeutic  Recreation  and  its  Impact  on  Access  and  Inclusion  ............................................................................................................  15  

GREEN,  FREDERICK;  GEARITY,  BRIAN  ...............................................................................................................  15  Leisure,  Inclusion,  and  a  Diverse  Community  .......................................................................................  15  

HOPPER,  TRISTAN  D.;  SINGLETON.,  JEROME.  ...................................................................................................  16  The  Study  of  Subjective  Mental  Health  and  Leisure  Time  Engagement:  Preliminary  Findings  and  Implications  .............................................................................................................................  16  

JONES,  SHAWN  S.  ....................................................................................................................................................  16  A  Place  at  the  Park-­‐Morgan's  Wonderland  ...........................................................................................  16  

LIMA  DA  SILVA,  JANAÍNA  ......................................................................................................................................  16  World  Leisure  Congress  in  Brazil:  discussions  about  leisure  in  globalized  society  ..............  16  

MISCHE  LAWSON,  LISA  .........................................................................................................................................  17  Sensory  Supported  Swimming  for  Children  for  Autism  Spectrum  Disorders  ..........................  17  

NAGATA,  SHINICHI;  DAVISON,  AMY  ...................................................................................................................  17  Psychological  impact  of  wheelchair  rugby  and  cross-­‐cultural  difference  between  American  and  Japanese  players  ..................................................................................................................  17  

PALACIOS  CASTILLO,  SIGRID  YANARA  ...............................................................................................................  17  Inclusion,  vindication  and  Afro-­‐Colombian  visibility  through  the  Pacific  Music  Festival  “Petronio  Alvarez”  in  Cali  (Colombia)  ......................................................................................................  17  

RHOADES,  MICHELLE;  DAVISON,  AMY  ...............................................................................................................  18  

A  comparative  study  of  community  recreation  constraints  of  current  Special  Olympic  athletes  in  the  state  of  Iowa  ..........................................................................................................................  18  

SINGLETON,  JEROME;  HOPPER,  TRISTAN  ..........................................................................................................  18  Access  and  Inclusion:  Economics  .................................................................................................................  18  

ARTS,  CULTURE,  SPORTS  AND  RECREATION  .....................................................................................  19  CAO,  WEI;  SU,  YING  ...............................................................................................................................................  19  Case  Study  on  the  Social  Functions  and  Ripple  Effects  of  Associated  Activities  of  Coastal  Sporting  Events  ...................................................................................................................................................  19  

CHO,  HEETAE;  HYUN-­‐WOO  LEE  .........................................................................................................................  19  Effect  of  environment  factors  on  sport  spectator  behavior  in  Korean  .......................................  19  

CHOI,  HONG;  LIANG,  YATING  ...............................................................................................................................  19  Personal  values  and  self-­‐described  behaviors  among  attendees  at  an  alternative  cultural  event  .........................................................................................................................................................................  19  

FERREIRA,  ROSANA  ALMEIDA;  TEREZANI,  GIOVANA  BOTTENE  ...................................................................  20  The  Importance  of  Leisure  Equipment  in  Town:  Sesc  Piracicaba  Unit  and  Its  Goers  ..........  20  

GALANTE,  REGIANE  ...............................................................................................................................................  20  Sesc  Summer  Project  -­‐  Culture,  Sport  and  Leisure  for  All  ................................................................  20  Recreation  Movement  in  Occupied  Japan  ................................................................................................  20  

HORITA,  TETSUICHIRO  .........................................................................................................................................  21  A  Study  on  the  Character  Attributes  of  Therapeutic  Recreation  Professionals  and  People  Concerned  in  Their  Level  of  Preparation  in  USA.  .................................................................................  21  

JAMIESON,  LYNN  ....................................................................................................................................................  21  Prevalence  factors  leading  to  prevention  of  sport  violence  in  the  leisure  industry:  A  study  of  mitigation  requirements  ............................................................................................................................  21  

KAYA,  SABRI  ...........................................................................................................................................................  21  Leisure  Is  In  Turkish  Men:  Coffeehouses  Example  Of  Culture  Eskisehir.  ....................................  21  

KONDO,  KATSUYUKI  ..............................................................................................................................................  22  The  recognition  degree  of  disability  sports  in  university  students  in  Tokyo  ...........................  22  

LEDFORD,  ANITA;  BRICKER,  MICHAEL  ..............................................................................................................  22  Understanding  how  interpretive  design  influences  the  visitor  experience  and  contributes  to  a  real  world  connection  to  place.  ...........................................................................................................  22  

LIANG,  YATING  .......................................................................................................................................................  22  Global  Citizenship  in  Practice:  Entrepreneurial  Internships  in  Panama  ...................................  22  

LIU,  HUNG-­‐LING  (STELLA)  ;  BRADLEY  ..............................................................................................................  22  An  investigation  of  serious  leisure  and  leisure  identity  of  female  roller  derby  participants  in  the  United-­‐States  ...........................................................................................................................................  22  

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MANGUM,  JASON  ....................................................................................................................................................  23  How  an  Oasis  for  the  Arts  Spurs  Cultural  Development  in  a  Detroit  Suburb  ..........................  23  

MEHDIPOUR,  ABDOLRAHMAN  .............................................................................................................................  23  Designing  and  codification  of  public  sport  strategies  (case  study:  Khuzestan  province  of  Iran)  ........................................................................................................................................................................  23  

NDOH  ELOMBA,  MARIE;  LEE,  KANGWON-­‐DO  ...................................................................................................  23  Implication  and  Relationship  between  Branding  and  Leisure:  Issue  of  Leisure  Involvement,  Brand  Personality  and  Brand  Preference.  ..................................................................  23  

ROLFE  DAVID;  MOISEICHIK,  MERRY  L.  .............................................................................................................  24  A  Qualitative  Analysis  of  the  National  Football  League’s  “Together  We  Make  Football”  contest  submissions  ..........................................................................................................................................  24  

SAWAMUR,  HIROSHI;  HORIGOME,  TOMOY;  .......................................................................................................  24  Martial  Arts  under  the  US  Occupation  of  Japan  ..................................................................................  24  

SCHROEDER,  JOANNE  ............................................................................................................................................  24  Who  Speaks  for  Recreation...we  do.    That  is  the  problem!  ..............................................................  24  

TIAN,  HUI  ................................................................................................................................................................  25  Investigation  of  Recreational  Sports  in  China  ......................................................................................  25  

USHER,  LINDSAY  ....................................................................................................................................................  25  Regulating  the  self-­‐regulated:  Surfers’  attitudes  towards  municipal  surfing  regulations  25  

VAUGEOIS,  NICOLE;  SHORE,  MONICA  .................................................................................................................  25  Labour  of  love:  Insights  on  the  Traditional  Craft  Trades  Sector  in  Canada  ............................  25  

VITULLI,  PAIGE  .......................................................................................................................................................  26  Community  Museum  Experiences  for  Learning  and  Leisure  ..........................................................  26  

VOLKERING  CARLILE,  CATHRYN  .........................................................................................................................  26  City  of  Richmond's  Planning  and  Delivery  of  Physical  Literacy  Programs  and  Promotion  to  the  Community.  .............................................................................................................................................  26  

BUILDING  A  LIVABLE  CITY  .....................................................................................................................  27  ERNST,  OLAF  ...........................................................................................................................................................  27  Leisure  networks  of  expat  communities  in  the  city  of  Eindhoven:  strong  connections  or  isolated  entities?  ................................................................................................................................................  27  

FLACK,  THOMAS;  FLEMING,  KRISTINE  ...............................................................................................................  27  Walkability  ...........................................................................................................................................................  27  

GOMEZ,  EDWIN  .......................................................................................................................................................  28  Social  Capital  in  Dog  Parks  and  Its  Role  in  Neighborhood  Social  Cohesion  ............................  28  

HEATH,  CINDY  ........................................................................................................................................................  28  A  Holistic  Approach  to  Community  Connectivity  ................................................................................  28  

HENDERSON,  JOHN  ................................................................................................................................................  29  Why  Leisure  Organizations  Fail  to  Seize  Organizational  Development  Opportunities  .....  29  

ORTEGA  NUERE,  CRISTINA;  JOSE  RAMÓN,  BUENO  ..........................................................................................  29  Between  dependency  and  autonomy:  youth´s  leisure  as  a  right  to  live  the  city  healthily  ..  29  

PECHENIK  MAUSOLF,  ANNA;  BEASON,  KIM  .....................................................................................................  29  Their  population  doubled  in  a  decade:  Determining  priorities  and  meeting  a  fast-­‐growing  community’s  leisure  needs.  The  Hernando,  Mississippi  case  study.  .............................................  29  

RAPP,  JOHN  .............................................................................................................................................................  30  Building  strategic  partnerships  ...................................................................................................................  30  

REDPATH,  MIKE  .....................................................................................................................................................  30  Create  Garden  City  Lands  Legacy  Landscape  Plan,  City  of  Richmond,  British  Columbia,  Canada.  ...................................................................................................................................................................  30  

TSAI,  CHIUNG-­‐TZU  LUCETTA  ...............................................................................................................................  30  Enjoying  Water:  The  Development  of  Waterskiing  in  Taiwan  ......................................................  30  

VAN  BOOM,  NIENKE  ..............................................................................................................................................  31  Leisure  amenities  as  contexts  for  meaningful  social  practices.  .....................................................  31  

CENTERS  OF  EXCELLENCE  .....................................................................................................................  32  ANDERECK,  KATHLEEN  ........................................................................................................................................  32  Community-­‐based  tourism  and  participatory  planning  ...................................................................  32  

KLERKS,  YVONNE  ...................................................................................................................................................  32  Presentation  of  the  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence  .................................................................  32  

BARGEMAN,  BERTINE  ...........................................................................................................................................  32  Introduction  WLCE  NHTV  Breda  University  (the  Netherlands)  ....................................................  32  

VAUGEOIS,  NICOLE;  SCHROEDER,  JOANNE  ........................................................................................................  32  Rethinking  Innovation  and  Sustainability  ..............................................................................................  32  

HARDORFF,  AREND  ...............................................................................................................................................  33  Trends  and  developments  in  educating  Leisure  (Management)  professionals;  World  Leisure  Centres  of  Excellence  Panel  Discussion  ....................................................................................  33  

CHILDREN  AND  YOUTH  .........................................................................................................................  34  BANHIDI,  MIKLOS;  BROACH,  ELLEN;  KLERKS,YVONNE;MARQUES,  LENIA;  NAIDOO,  MALIGA;  TSAI,  CHIUNG-­‐TZU  LUCETTA  .........................................................................................................................................  34  Preliminary  findings  from  an  international  youth  survey  on  leisure  ..........................................  34  

BARNETT,  LYNN  .....................................................................................................................................................  34  Effects  of  Playground  Type  on  Increasing  Physically  Active  and  Sustained  Play  ..................  34  

BETZER,  SHANNON  ................................................................................................................................................  34  Total  Quality  Program  Planning:  A  Case  Study  of  its  Applications  to  the  Camp  Adventure™  Child  &  Youth  Services  Program  ........................................................................................  34  

GLOVER,  TROY  ........................................................................................................................................................  35  

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Landscapes  of  Embodied  Social  Capital  in  Newcomer  Youth  Settlement:  The  Interplay  of  Leisure,  Place,  and  Social  Ties  .....................................................................................................................  35  

PEBWORTH,  KATHERINE  ......................................................................................................................................  35  The  Physical  Activity  of  Geocaching  with  6  million  of  your  best  friends.  ..................................  35  

PESTANA,  JOSE  V;  CODINA,  NURIA  .....................................................................................................................  35  The  leisure  time  of  Spanish  young:  norm  or  deviation?  First  approaches  ...............................  35  

RASMUSSEN,  JACOB  ...............................................................................................................................................  35  An  Analysis  of  Aquatic  Policies:  Implications  for  Children  and  Youth  .......................................  35  

TANNER,  TIM;  HANNA,  JANICE;  SEDLAK,  KELLY  .............................................................................................  36  Outdoor  vs.  Indoor:    What  Activities  Will  Convince  Today’s  Youth  to  Get  Outside?  .............  36  

TRUSSELL,  DAWN;  NEWMEYER,  TRENT;  HILL,  TERESA  ................................................................................  36  Examining  the  Intersection  of  Gender  and  Sexuality  in  Organized  Youth  Sport  for  Families  of  Same-­‐Sex  Parents  ......................................................................................................................  36  

WARREN,  ANGELA  ;  TANIGUCHI,  STACY;  WIDMER,  MARK;  CARMEN,  PALMERO;  GLORIA,  PÉREZ;PONCE  DE  LEÓN,  ANA.  ........................................................................................................................................................  36  The  School-­‐Based  Family:  Coaches  and  Teachers  as  Parental  Figures  for  Orphans  and  Vulnerable  Children  in  Ugandan  Schools  ...............................................................................................  36  

ECONOMIC  DEVELOPMENT  .................................................................................................................  37  FLEMING,  KRISTINE  ...............................................................................................................................................  37  Health  benefits  of  cycling:  Strategies  to  calculate  potential  cost  savings  ................................  37  

KUMAR,  SREYA  .......................................................................................................................................................  37  Attracting  Lifestyle  Entrepreneurs  to  Amenity-­‐Rich  Rural  Communities  ................................  37  

NDOH  ELOMBA,  MARIE;  LEE,  KANGWON-­‐DO  ...................................................................................................  37  Serious  Leisure  Based  On  Outdoor  Activities:  Catalyst  for  Community  Development  and  Economic  Growth.  .............................................................................................................................................  37  

NGANDU,  STEWART;GWENHURE;  VANDUDZAI  ................................................................................................  38  The  Economic  Impact  assessment  of  the  2014  Marula  Cultural  Festival,  in  Ba-­‐Phalaborwa,  Limpopo  Province,  South  Africa  ......................................................................................  38  

PEEL,  NICOLE  ..........................................................................................................................................................  38  Can  leisure  raise  aspirations  to  higher  educaton  for  children  in  care  .......................................  38  

PESATI,  PRANAV  ....................................................................................................................................................  38  Facilitating,  Supporting  and  Retaining  lifestyle  entrepreneurship  in  amenity  rich  rural  regions  ....................................................................................................................................................................  38  

SOLTANI,  TANNAZ;CANEDAY,  LOWELL  .............................................................................................................  38  Economic  Impact  of  Recreational  Use  along  the  McClellan-­‐Kerr  Arkansas  River  Navigation  System  ............................................................................................................................................  38  

EMERGING  TECHNOLOGIES  .................................................................................................................  39  

HAYES,  RICHARD,  CHAIR  OF  THE  PANEL  ............................................................................................................  39  A  panel  on:  The  roles  technology  plays  in  twenty-­‐first  century  leisure:  ....................................  39  

BENJAMIN  HICKERSON  .........................................................................................................................................  39  The  use  of  videogames  to  support  other  leisure  activities  ...............................................................  39  

GLOVERTROY;  PARRY,  DIANA  C  .........................................................................................................................  39  The  More  We  Get  Together:  Online  Social  Networking  and  Access  to  Social  Capital  ..........  39  

NIMROD,GALIT;  ,  ....................................................................................................................................................  40  Understanding  the  roles  of  technology  in  contemporary  leisure:  A  conceptual  framework  ....................................................................................................................................................................................  40  

MINTON,  DAVID  .....................................................................................................................................................  40  Disruptive  Sports  Technology  .......................................................................................................................  40  

SMITH,  TRAVIS  .......................................................................................................................................................  40  PRORAGIS:  Improving  Parks  and  Recreation  Efficiency  ...................................................................  40  

VIÑALS,  ANA;  CUENA,  MANUEL;  CUENCA,  JAIME  ............................................................................................  40  E-­‐leisure  of  the  Spanish  Youth:  Enhancing  Human  Development?  ..............................................  40  

WU,  I-­‐CHUN  NICKY;  CANEDAY,  LOWELL;  HAWTHORNE,  DOUG;  CHANG,  GRACE.  ....................................  41  Spatial  Inventory  for  Managing  a  State  Park  System  ........................................................................  41  

ENVIRONMENTAL  STEWARDSHIP  ......................................................................................................  41  COATES,  TOM  ..........................................................................................................................................................  41  Preparing  Students  to  be  Future  National  Park  Advocates  ............................................................  41  

GREAVES,  GINGER;  CORDES,  KATHY  ;  ROMERO,  GUY;  BELL,  CAROLE  .........................................................  41  "No  Child  Left  Inside  -­‐  Empowering  Today's  Youth  to  Become  the  Next  Generation  of  Envrionrmental  Stewards  ..............................................................................................................................  41  

PARKER,  PETE  ........................................................................................................................................................  42  Management  Preferences  Of  Mount  Royal  Park  Users  In  The  Context  Of  Visitor  Motivations,  Environmental  Value  Orientations,  And  Recreation  Specialization  .................  42  

HEALTH  AND  WELLNESS  .......................................................................................................................  43  ALBRECHTSEN,  STEVEN  ........................................................................................................................................  43  Achieving  Active  Leisure  and  Healthy  Lifestyles  through  Interdisciplinary  Strategies  ......  43  

BANKS,  AARON;  REIMANN,  KATHY  ....................................................................................................................  43  Wellbeing  &  the  Undergraduate:  An  oxymoron  or  reality?  .............................................................  43  

BARAK,  KAREN  .......................................................................................................................................................  44  Promoting  Healthy  Lifestyles  through  Geocaching:  Let’s  Play  Hide  and  Seek!  ......................  44  

BARGEMA,  BERTINE  ..............................................................................................................................................  44  Vacation  in  a  care  hotel:  a  social  practice  approach.  ........................................................................  44  

BERDYCHEVSKY,  LIZA;  GIBSON,  HEATHER  .......................................................................................................  44  

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Health,  Risk,  and  Sexual  Behavior:  Facilitating  and  Inhibiting  Factors  of  Young  Women’s  Sexual  Risk-­‐Taking  in  Tourism  ....................................................................................................................  44  

BRUNET,  ISABELLE  ................................................................................................................................................  45  Cancer  and  leisure’s  role  on  family  resilience:  a  scoping  review  ..................................................  45  

CHEN,  HSIN-­‐YU;  YARNAL,  CAREEN  ....................................................................................................................  45  Exploring  U.S.  college  students’  perceptions  of  health-­‐related  lifestyles  ..................................  45  

CHO,  DONGWOOK;  VELASCO,  PEDRO  .................................................................................................................  45  Leisure  Constraints  in  Corporate  Recreation:  Participation  of  College  Students  in  Competitive  Intramural  Activities  .............................................................................................................  45  

DARABOS,  FERENC;  IVANCSÓ-­‐HORVÁTH,  ZSUZSANNA;  CHAROMAR  JOÃO  ANTÓNIO.  ..............................  46  The  trends  of  wellness  tourism  and  its  current  challenges  in  Hungary  ....................................  46  

DE  GRAAF,  JOHN;  O'KEEFE,  CATHY  ....................................................................................................................  46  The  Great  Vacation  Squeeze:  Film  Screening  And  Conversation  .................................................  46  

DONG  ERWEI;  ARAKAWA,  MASASHI  ..................................................................................................................  46  A  Cross-­‐cultural  Study  on  Leisure  Lifestyle  and  Health-­‐Evidence  from  Okinawa,  Japan  ..  46  

FLEMING,  KRISTINE  ...............................................................................................................................................  47  Establishing  healthy,  sustainable  communities:  The  health  benefits  of  social  capital  .......  47  

KAMPER,  DESPINA  .................................................................................................................................................  47  Mobile  Phone  Use  And  Autonomic  Dysfunction  ...................................................................................  47  

KIM,  AMY;  KIM,  MINJUNG  ....................................................................................................................................  47  Youth  sport  leagues  and  social  well-­‐being  at  community  level:  Network  formation  patterns  of  community  members  through  youth  sport  leagues  ...................................................  47  

KIM,  JUN;  KIM,  JUNHYOUNG  .................................................................................................................................  48  The  benefits  of  in-­‐group  contact  through  physical  activity  involvement  for  health  and  well-­‐being  among  Korean  immigrants  ....................................................................................................  48  

LIN,  CHUNG-­‐HSIEN;  LIN,CHUNG-­‐HSIEN  ............................................................................................................  48  Predictors  Of  Hot  Springs  Visitors’  Intentions  To  Revisit:  The  Case  Of  Taiwan  .....................  48  

MABERRY,  STEVEN;  BAKER,  BIRGITTA  ..............................................................................................................  48  Goal  Orientation,  Risky  Sexual  Behaviors,  and  Sport  Identities  ...................................................  48  

MICHEL,  MARIE-­‐EDITH;  YOUNG,  MIKE  .............................................................................................................  49  Leveraging  Parks  and  Recreation  Expertise  to  Bring  Hope  and  Developmental/Restorative  Healing  to  Victims  of  Natural  and  Economic  Disasters  .........  49  

MILNER,  VAUGHN  ;  TREMBLAY,  JACK-­‐SHELLY;  BROACH,  ELLEN;  NORRELL  PHILLIP  ..............................  49  Daily  Flow  State  and  Math  Performance  during  an  Early  Entrance  Exercise  and  Math  Program  for  Underskilled  First-­‐Time  College  Freshmen  .................................................................  49  

OLIVEIRA,  WALTER;  UVINHA,  RICARDO  ...........................................................................................................  49  Leisure  and  Health:  Framing  Quality  of  Life  .........................................................................................  49  

PENBROOKE,  TERESA  ............................................................................................................................................  50  

Reducing  Obesity  One  Community  at  a  Time  .........................................................................................  50  ROSABAL,  NIDRA  ...................................................................................................................................................  50  Tree  Therapy  Technique    Workshop  .........................................................................................................  50  

ROSABAL,  NIDRA;  MEJÍAS,  IVANIA  .....................................................................................................................  50  Promoting  Recreational  Activities  in  Tourists  to  Improve  Human  Integral  Development  through  the  Diplomate  of  Tourist  Recreation,  Universidad  Nacional,  Costa  Rica  ................  50  

ROSS,  SUSAN  ...........................................................................................................................................................  51  A  Life-­‐Changing  Experience  Is  More  Than  an  Event:  Using  The  13  Phases  Of  Transformation  Intentionally  .......................................................................................................................  51  

SALLE,  DEE  DEE  .....................................................................................................................................................  51  Fat  to  Fit  TV:    Reality  in  the  obesity  management  algorythms  in  Malaysia  (Asia's  fattest  developing  country)  versus  urban  Singapore.  .......................................................................................  51  

LAW  AND  POLICY  ...................................................................................................................................  52  ELLIS,  CALEIGH  ......................................................................................................................................................  52  Examining  the  inequities  of  recreation  accessibility  policies  between  communities  in  British  Columbia:  Working  toward  a  guiding  Provincial  framework  ........................................  52  

JAMIESON,  LYNN  ....................................................................................................................................................  52  Sport  and  leisure  policy  implications  for  quality  of  life:    Governmental  guidance  and  effectiveness  ..........................................................................................................................................................  52  

LAVIGNE,  MARC-­‐ANDRÉ  .......................................................................................................................................  52  Leisure  as  a  Public  Issue:  How  the  Media  Construct  Sports-­‐  and  Recreation-­‐Related  Injuries  ....................................................................................................................................................................  52  

SILVA  GUTIERREZ,  CLAUDIO  AUGUSTO  .............................................................................................................  53  Regional  Centers  for  Sports  Development  ,  a  strategy  to  democratize  access  to  sport  policies  in  southern  Brazil  ..............................................................................................................................  53  

LEISURE  EDUCATION  .............................................................................................................................  54  BERTHIAUME,  RACHEL;  HOUDE,  JUDITH;  GAGNON,  MATHIEU.  ....................................................................  54  Cooper'action  Leisure,  a  tool  to  change  a  community  ......................................................................  54  

CHEN,  HSIN-­‐YU;  YARNAL,  CAREEN  ....................................................................................................................  54  “What  do  college  students  think  about  leisure?”:  Leisure  education  and  college  students’  perceptions  of  leisure.  ......................................................................................................................................  54  

FILIPPIS,  ANDRÉ;  AZZINI,  EDUARDO  ..................................................................................................................  55  Lessons  Of  Physical  Education  In  Schools:  Educating  For  Leisure  And  Quality  Of  Life  .......  55  

FILIPPIS,  ANDRÉ;  AZZINI,  EDUARDO  ..................................................................................................................  55  Professional  training  in  leisure  on  Physical  Education  courses,  in  the  state  of  São  Paulo  55  

HEBBLETHWAITE,  SHANNON  ..............................................................................................................................  55  Re-­‐visioning  Leisure  Education  Using  PAR  &  Arts-­‐Based  Methods  ..............................................  55  

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KESHOCK,  CHRISTOPHER;  FORESTER,  BROOKE  ...............................................................................................  55  The  USAbilites  Facility  Project:  Student  Service  Learning  and  the  WLO  Legacy  Initiative.  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  55  

NARDA  ROBAYO  FIQUE;  ERIKA  LILIANA  PAEZ  FRANCO.  ................................................................................  56  Recreation  and  Physical  Activity  in  the  Natural  Environment,  "Eco-­‐tourism  in  National  Parks  of  Colombia"  ...........................................................................................................................................  56  

PARR,  MARY  ............................................................................................................................................................  56  From  Recreation  to  Leisure  –  and  Back  Again:  A  Reflection  of  Identity  ...................................  56  

PLUNKETT,  DANIEL  ...............................................................................................................................................  57  Examining  Students’  Perceptions  of  Using  Discussion  Board  vs.  Facebook  for  Online  Class  Discussions  ...........................................................................................................................................................  57  

NARDA  ROBAYO  FIQUE,  ERIKA  LILIANA  PAEZ  FRANCO  .................................................................................  57  Recreation  and  Physical  Activity  in  the  Natural  Environment,  "Eco-­‐tourism  in  National  Parks  of  Colombia"  ...........................................................................................................................................  57  

RODRIGUES,  CAE;  GOMES  DE  ASSIS  PIMENTEL,  GIULIANO  ............................................................................  57  Phenomenological  deconstruction  in  education  for  leisure  ...........................................................  57  

RYU,  JUNGSU;  HEO,  JINMOO  .................................................................................................................................  58  The  benefits  of  service  learing  activities  among  event  management  students  ......................  58  

TANGSUJJAPOJ,  SUVIMOL  ......................................................................................................................................  58  The  Development  of  Leisure  Program  for  Enhancing  Human  Condition  in  Universities  of  Thailand  ................................................................................................................................................................  58  

LEISURE  IN  LATER  LIFE  ..........................................................................................................................  59  CUENCA,  JAIME  .......................................................................................................................................................  59  Incidence  of  rural  and  urban  context  in  leisure  of  Spanish  older  adults.  A  comparative  exploratory  analysis  .........................................................................................................................................  59  

GALLANT,  KAREN;  HUTCHINSON,  SUSAN  ..........................................................................................................  59  Client  or  citizen?:  Perceptions  of  power  within  a  membership-­‐based  seniors’  centre  ........  59  

HAN,  AREUM;  KIM  JUNHYOUNG;  CHUN,  SANGHEE;  HEO,  JINMOO  ...............................................................  59  Contribution  of  Leisure-­‐Time  Physical  Activity  on  Psychological  Benefits    among  Elderly  Immigrants  ..........................................................................................................................................................  59  

HEBBLETHWAITE,  SHANNON  ..............................................................................................................................  60  Understanding  Ambivalence  in  Family  Leisure  Among  Three-­‐Generation  Families  ...........  60  

JAUMOT-­‐PASCUAL,  NURIA  ....................................................................................................................................  60  “You  won’t  find  me  sitting.”    Gender  differences  in  meaningful  leisure  activity  of  recent  retirees  in  Northern  Spain.  ............................................................................................................................  60  

MENGXIAN,  ZHAO;  ;  SHIHUI,  CHEN  .....................................................................................................................  60  A  Survey  on  Senior/Elderly  Participation  in  Leisure  Activity  in  Hong  Kong  ..........................  60  

NILSSON,  INGEBORG;  HÄGGSTRÖM  LUNDEVALLE,  ERLINGR  .........................................................................  61  

The  role  of  leisure  engagement  in  an  aging  population  –  a  potential  health  promotor?  ..  61  LASAT-­‐UY,  GILDA;    JUSTINIANO,  JOHANN  .........................................................................................................  61  Exploration  Of  Leisure  After  Stroke  From  The  Perspective  Of  Older  Filipino  Stroke  Survivors  ................................................................................................................................................................  61  

VINCENT  NEVEU  ....................................................................................................................................................  62  Research  in  leisure  taste  patterns  of  seniors  in  the  Netherlands.  .................................................  62  

LEISURE  MANAGEMENT  .......................................................................................................................  63  FISHER,  LACEY  .......................................................................................................................................................  63  Networking  World  Leisure:  Utilizing  Social  Media  to  Advance  the  Organization  ................  63  

FORESTER,  BROOKE;  HOLDEN,  SHELLEY;  KESHOCK,  CHRIS  .........................................................................  63  The  Rails-­‐to-­‐Trails  Conservancy  –  Scope,  Impact,  and  Alabama’s  Role  .....................................  63  

HARDORFF,  AREND  ...............................................................................................................................................  64  Trends  and  Developments  in  educating  Leisure  (Management)  professionalsWorld  Leisure  Centre  of  Excellence  Panel  .............................................................................................................  64  

KIM,  MINJUNG;  LOONEY,  V;NEWMAN,  JOSHUA;  IM,  BUMGYU;  KOOIMAN,  WADE  ....................................  64  “Beating  the  Boss”:  A  Comparison  of  Sociocultural  Implications  of  Company  Community  Sport  (CCS)  as  a  Key  to  Work-­‐leisure  Conflict  .......................................................................................  64  

KLIJS,  LIZZY  .............................................................................................................................................................  64  Dark  Tourism,  Understanding  Visitor  Motivations,  Emotions  and  Consequences  of  Visitors  ....................................................................................................................................................................................  64  

LI,  JOHN  S.C.;  TAN,  BRAD  .....................................................................................................................................  65  World  Leisure  Award  Scheme:  An  innovative  tool  for  people  and  enterprises  to  get  leisure  into  practice  .........................................................................................................................................................  65  

MIREHIE,  MON;  BUNING,  RICHARD;  GIBSON,  HEATHER  ;  WEINBERG,  MORGAN;  NAIDOO,  MALIGA;  TSAI,  CHIUNG-­‐TZU  LUCETTA  TSAI  .....................................................................................................................  65  Participation  or  Non-­‐Participation:  The  Case  of  Small-­‐Scale  Sport  Events  .............................  65  

PENBROOKE,  TERESA  ............................................................................................................................................  65  Innovations  in  Community  Planning  Practices  .....................................................................................  65  

PENBROOKE,  TERESA  ............................................................................................................................................  66  Resource  Allocation  and  Core  Services  -­‐  Focusing  Your  Time,  Money,  and  Energy  ..............  66  

PENBROOKE,  TERESA  ............................................................................................................................................  66  Leading  to  Change  and/or  Changing  to  Lead  .......................................................................................  66  

PENBROOKE,  TERESA  ............................................................................................................................................  66  Lessons  from  Leisure  Management  Systems  Around  the  World  ..............................................  66  

RAPP,  JOHN  .............................................................................................................................................................  66  Building  Strategic  Partnerships:  Never  walk  alone!  ..........................................................................  66  

SEVIL,  GUVEN;  KOSE,  HUSEYIN;KAYA,  SABRI;  TOKAY  ARGAN,  MEHPARE  .................................................  67  Project  Based  Leisure:  A  Case  Study  on  Annual  Kite  Festival  .........................................................  67  

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SILVA,  EMERSON;  BITRAN,  ANTONIO  CARLOS  .................................................................................................  67  The  Leisure  -­‐  Actions  and  Related  day  of  challenge  strategies  in  the  region  of  Presidente  Prudente,  SP.  ........................................................................................................................................................  67  

SMITH,  JOHANNA  ....................................................................................................................................................  67  The  World  Leisure  Organization:  Review  of  the  past  decade  ........................................................  67  

TOWER,  JOHN;  MCDONALD,  KATIE;  STEWART,  BOB  ......................................................................................  68  Economic  contribution  of  aquatic  and  recreation  centres  .............................................................  68  

TUBA  YAZICI;  SETTAR  KOCAK  .............................................................................................................................  68  A  Validity  and  Reliability  study  of  the  "Experience  Economy  Scale”  ..........................................  68  

TUBA  YAZICI;  SETTAR  KOCAK  .............................................................................................................................  68  TUBA  YAZICI;  SETTAR  KOCAK  .............................................................................................................................  69  Adaptation  and  Validation  of  the  “Consumption  Satisfaction  Scale”  .........................................  69  

TUBA  YAZICI;  SETTAR  KOCAK;  IRMAK  HURMERIC  ALTUNSOZ.  ....................................................................  69  Proposing  a  Model  to  Examine  the  Effect  of  Experiential  Marketing  on  Satisfaction  and  Behavioral  Intentions  of  Festival  Participants  .....................................................................................  69  

ZIMMERMANN,  JO  AN;  NUNES,  CHRIS  ................................................................................................................  69  A  Pilot  Study  of  Resource  Allocation  Preferences:    Recreation  Administrators  Compared  to  Community  Members  .................................................................................................................................  69  

LEISURE  RESEARCH  ................................................................................................................................  71  ANDERECK,  KATHLEEN  .........................................................................................................................................  71  Introduction  WLCE  Arizona  State  University  .......................................................................................  71  

ARGAN,  METIN;  AKYILDIZ,  MUGE;  TOKAY  ARGAN  ..........................................................................................  71  A  Descriptive  Study  on  Motivations  of  Spring  Festival  as  A  Special  Event  in  Turkey  ..........  71  

CREIGHTON-­‐SMITH,  BELINDA;  JN  BAPTISTE  THEODORA;  FADLALDDIN,  NOHA  .......................................  72  Examining  Linkages  Between  Social  Capital  and  Subjective  Well-­‐Being  .................................  72  

CROW,  ANGELA;  BROACH,  ELLEN  .......................................................................................................................  72  Rights  and  risks  of  recreational  cycling:  a  study  on  experiences  of  cycling  ............................  72  

DIXON,  HARRIET  E.  T.;  DIXON,  ANTHONY  W.  ..................................................................................................  72  Catalyzing  Life  Experiences  As  Intervening  Conditions  Between  Leisure  Being  Constrained  and  Initiation  of  Coping  Process  to  Overcome  Constraints  to  Leisure  ............  72  

DOEPKER,  EDIE  ......................................................................................................................................................  73  Building  a  culture  of  recreation  knowledge  management  and  sharing:  The  Leisure  Information  Network's  National  Recreation  Database  ...................................................................  73  

EHSANI,  MOHAMMAD;  KESHKAR,  SARA  ............................................................................................................  73  Recreational  sport  in  Iran:  An  investigation  of  students’  participation  and  constraints  ..  73  

EHSANI,  MOHAMMAD;  KESHKAR,  SARA  ............................................................................................................  73  Recreational  sport  in  Iran:  An  investigation  of  students’  participation  and  constraints  ..  73  

FINNERTY-­‐MONU,  JESSICA  ...................................................................................................................................  74  

Determining  Motives  to  Exercise  using  the  Exercise  Benefits/Barriers  Scale  .........................  74  GENOE,  REBECCA;  LIECHTY,  TONI;  MARSTON,  HANNAH;  SUTHERLAND,  VICTORIA  ................................  74  Using  online  research  methods  to  understand  the  transition  to  retirement  among  baby  boomers  ..................................................................................................................................................................  74  

GOMES,  CHRISTIANNE  ...........................................................................................................................................  74  LEISURE  CONCEPTS  IN  LATIN  AMERICA:  A  CONCEPTUAL  ANALYSIS  ......................................  74  

HOVER,  MONIEK  ....................................................................................................................................................  74  Introduction  of  Master  Classes  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence  ..........................................  74  

HOVER,  MONIEK  ....................................................................................................................................................  75  Storytelling  and  meaningful  (leisure)  experiences  .............................................................................  75  

HOWARD,  KEITH;  FLOYD,  MYRON;  BOCARRO,  JASON  ....................................................................................  75  Race,  Leisure,  and  Socioeconomic  Status:  A  Review  of  Recent  Literature  ................................  75  

IARMOLENKO,  SVITLANA;  CHICK,  GARRY  ..........................................................................................................  75  Cultural  Consensus  in  Leisure,  Leisure  Constraints,  and  Leisure  Satisfaction  in  Six  Cities  in  China  ........................................................................................................................................................................  75  

KAYA,  SABRI;  GURBUZ,  BULENT  .........................................................................................................................  76  The  Relationship  between  leisure  satisfaction  and  life  satisfaction  in  Turkish  Society  ......  76  

KESHOCK,  CHRISTOPHER  M.;  FORESTER  BROOKE  ;  HOLDEN,  SHELLEY  .....................................................  76  Event  Attendees  and  Sponsorship  Target  Market  Matching:  An  Analysis  of  the  BayFest  Music  Festival  ......................................................................................................................................................  76  

LEE,  CHUNGSUP;  SUNG,  YOONTAE;  KIM  HYUNGMIN;  PAYNE,  LAURA  ........................................................  77  An  exploration  of  the  relationships  among  seriousness  of  leisure,  social  support  and  school  adaptation  among  Korean  college  students  ............................................................................  77  

LI  JING-­‐LIN;  ZHOU,  LI-­‐JUN  ....................................................................................................................................  77  Analysis  on  the  Characteristic  of  Physical  Activity  Participation  in  Leisure  Time  of  University  and  Their  Needs  In  Zhejiang  Providence  ...........................................................................  77  

LI,  JINGLIN;  ZHOU,  LIJUN  ......................................................................................................................................  77  Analysis  on  the  Characteristic  of  Physical  Activity  Participation  in  Leisure  Time  of  University  and  Their  Needs  In  Zhejiang  Providence  ...........................................................................  77  

LIECHT,  TONIY;  WILLFONG,  FLEESHA;  SVEINSON,  KATHERINE;  RIBEIRO,  NUNO  ....................................  77  Tackle  Football  as  Serious  Leisure  for  Women  .....................................................................................  77  

LIM,  JIN  SUN;  KIM,  WOONG  KI;  SUH,  KWANG  PIL;  KIM,  MIN  JUNG  .............................................................  79  The  effect  of  leisure  facilitator  on  leisure  constraint  and  recreation  specialization  in  Korean  leisure  participants.  ..........................................................................................................................  79  

MATSUMOTO,  HIDEO;  SATO,  SHINTARO;  JANELLE,  CHRISTOPHER  M;  CHIASHI,  KOICHI  ........................  79  Recreation  Specialization  and  American  Anglers’  Well-­‐Being  ......................................................  79  

MIDDLETON,  REBEKKAH;  MOXHAM,  LORNA;  PARRISH,  DOMINIQUE  .........................................................  80  

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An  exercise  and  health  promotion  intervention  for  people  with  diabetes:  case  study  of  an  Australian  program  .........................................................................................................................................  80  

SATO,  KEI  ................................................................................................................................................................  80  Identifying  the  potential  sport  participants  based  on  their  leisure  orientations  .................  80  

SCHROEDE,  JOANNE  AR  .........................................................................................................................................  80  Introduction  WLCE  Vancouver  Island  University  ...............................................................................  80  

SIU,  GERTRUDE  PO-­‐KWAN;  SIVAN,  ATARA  .......................................................................................................  81  Serious  Leisure  Experiences  of  Hong  Kong  Adolescents:  Implications  for  Education  .........  81  

SIVAN,  ATARA;  SIU,  GERTRUDE  PO-­‐KWAN  .......................................................................................................  81  Change  and  stability  in  leisure  experiences  of  of  Hong  Kong  Youngsters:  A  Longitudinal  Study  .......................................................................................................................................................................  81  

SUH,  KWANG  PIL;  LEE,  CHUL  WON;  KIM,  MIN  JUNG.  ......................................................................................  81  Leisure  Policies  by  exploring  Leisure  Bensefits  and  Constraints  for  Married  Migrant  Women's  Children  in  South  Korea  .............................................................................................................  81  

TANG,  JIANJUN  ........................................................................................................................................................  83  Comparative  Study  On  Leisure  Between  Chinese  and  American  ..................................................  83  

WU.  TSUNG-­‐CHIUNG  ..............................................................................................................................................  83  Re-­‐examining  Leisure  Participation  –  How  Does  Leisure  Participation  Pattern  Matter?  83  

ZHOU,  LIJUN  ............................................................................................................................................................  83  Research  on  the  Elementary  Structure  of  Sports  Leisure  Behavior  Promotion  for  University  Students:  from  the  Perspective  of  Leisure  Education  ..................................................  83  

LEISURE  THEORY  ....................................................................................................................................  84  BENNETT,  CHARLISE;  PEEL,  NICOLE  ..................................................................................................................  84  Therapeutic  Recreation  in  Australia...Does  it  exist?  ..........................................................................  84  

TOURISM  .................................................................................................................................................  85  BEMIS,  DEVEREAUX;  JOYCELYN  FINLEY-­‐HERVEY;  BRIAN  WHITE  ...............................................................  85  Community  Based  Tourism  Symposium  ..................................................................................................  85  

CHAN,  CHUNG;  SHING;  MARAFA,  LAWAL  ..........................................................................................................  85  Perceptual  Divergence  of  Visitors  and  Local  Residents  for  Green  Resource  Branding  in  Hong  Kong  ............................................................................................................................................................  85  

CONGOLESE  MINISTER  OF  TOURISM  AND  ENVIRONMENT;  PRESENTER:  MRS  PATRICIA  JOACHELINE  TENDELET  ...............................................................................................................................................................  87  Leisure  In  Congo,  The  Congolese  Minister  Of  Tourism  And  Environment  ................................  87  

CONTARDI,  DENISE;  UVINHA,  RICARDO  ............................................................................................................  87  Megaevents  in  Brazil  and  São  Paulo  airport  infrastructure  ..........................................................  87  

DUPONT,  RANDALL  ................................................................................................................................................  88  

The  Impact  of  the  Deepwater  Horizon-­‐BP  Oil  Spill  on  Coastal  and  Inland  Tourist  Attractions  ............................................................................................................................................................  88  

ESTRADA,  ADRIANA  E.  ..........................................................................................................................................  88  Social  Tourism  and  Senior  Citizens:    Providing  valuable  leisure  experiences  .........................  88  

HU,  CHENGMING;  COLE  SHU  ................................................................................................................................  88  The  Analysis  of  Expenditure  Patterns  of  Sport  Tourists  with  Different  Types  of  Fan  Attachment  in  Mega  Sport  Event  ................................................................................................................  88  Cultural  Tourism:  A  Case  Study  of  Heritage  Tourism  in  Mobile,  Alabama  ...............................  89  

KANG,  CHANHO;  HALL,  MICHAEL  .......................................................................................................................  90  Dimensions  of  Brand  Personality  Traits  in  Tourism  ..........................................................................  90  

KANG,  CHANHO;  HALL,  MICHAEL  .......................................................................................................................  90  Dimensions  of  Brand  Personality  Traits  in  Tourism  ..........................................................................  90  

MEHDIZADEH,  ABBAS;  TALEBPOUR,  MAHDI;  FATHI,  MEHRDAD  .................................................................  91  The  study  of  sport  tourism:  case  study  in  IRAN  ....................................................................................  91  

MIREHIE,  MONA;  GIBSON,  HEATHER  .................................................................................................................  91  Examining  Ski  and  Snowboard  Tourists’  Satisfaction  and  Revisit  Intention    An  Exploratory  Study  ..............................................................................................................................................  91  

NYAUPANE,  GYAN  ..................................................................................................................................................  92  Understanding  Rural  Transformations:  Agriculture-­‐based  to  Tourism-­‐based  Economy  ..  92  

PRICE-­‐HOWARD,  KATE;  HOLDNAK,  ANDY;  HOLLADAY,  PATRICK  ...............................................................  92  A  Look  at  the  Economic  Impact  on  the  Florida/Alabama  Gulf  Coast  Following  the  BP  Oil  Spill  of  2010  ..........................................................................................................................................................  92  

ROBINSON,  DERRICK  .............................................................................................................................................  92  An  Analysis  of  Tourists'  Preferences  and  Perceptions  for  Gulf  Coast  Seafood:  Does  Labeling  Matter  ..................................................................................................................................................  92  

TALEBPOUR,  MAHDI;  AGHAE,  MASOUD  I  ;    KHADEMLOU,  ALIREZA;  EBRAHIMI,  ZOHRE  .........................  93  Identification  and  Ranking  of  the  Factors  Affecting  the  Development  of  the  Sport  Tourism  in  Iran  ......................................................................................................................................................................  93  

TANAKA,  NOBUHIKO,  YAMADA,  TAKASHI  .........................................................................................................  93  Geographical  Evaluation  of  Rural  Tourism  Management  –  Analyzing  the  Distribution  of  Tourist  Attractions  and  Accommodations  –  ..........................................................................................  93  

TSAI,  CHIUNG-­‐TZU  LUCETTA  ...............................................................................................................................  93  Research  into  the  Effects  of  Tourism  on  Suburban  Taipei:  Sanshia  and  Yinge  Areas  .........  93  

VAUGEOIS,  NICOLE;  EVERNDEN,  NICHOLA  .......................................................................................................  94  Modernizing  systems  to  provide  enhance  market  intelligence  to  communities  for  tourism  development  decisions  .....................................................................................................................................  94  

WHITE,  BRIAN  ........................................................................................................................................................  94  Garden  Tourism:    Building  a  Garden  Tourism  Sector  in  British  Columbia  ...............................  94  

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WOOTEN,  MARIAN  ................................................................................................................................................  94  A  Case  Study  of  Interpretation  at  the  Lincoln  Log  Cabin  State  Historic  Site  ..........................  94  

WU,  JAMIE;  PAULSEN,  RICHARD;  GARCIA,  LUIS  ...............................................................................................  95  International  Engagement  in  Mexico  (IEM):  An  exemplary  study  abroad  program  model  for  promoting  community  livelihood  and  positive  student  outcomes  ........................................  95  

UNITED  NATIONS  ...................................................................................................................................  96  JALLOH,  ABUBAKARR  ............................................................................................................................................  96  Leisure  and  Tourism:  The  United  Nations  Development  Goals  .....................................................  96  

VOLUNTEERISM  .....................................................................................................................................  96  DILLETTE,  ALANA;  DOUGLAS,  ALECIA  ...............................................................................................................  96  Exploring  and  Comparing  the  Perceptions  of  Bahamian  Family  Islanders  and  Volunteer  Tourists  ..................................................................................................................................................................  96  

GALLANT,  KAREN  ...................................................................................................................................................  97  Volunteering  for  self  and  community:  An  exploration  of  individualism  in  the  context  of  decisions  to  begin  and  end  volunteering  .................................................................................................  97  

MICHEL,  MARIE-­‐EDITH  ........................................................................................................................................  97  How  Parks  and  Recreation  Professionals  Can  Help  Victims  of  Disaster  by  Leveraging  their  Expertise  through  Volunteering  for,  and  Sponsoring  Opportunities  ..........................................  97  

WU,  JAMIE;  PAULSEN,  RICHARD  .........................................................................................................................  97  

Examining  the  impacts  of  participating  in  a  volunteer  tourism-­‐based  study  abroad  program  on  college  students’  sense  of  purpose  in  life  ........................................................................  97  

WOMEN  AND  GENDER  .........................................................................................................................  98  BERDYCHEVSKY,  LIZA;  GIBSON,  HEATHER  .......................................................................................................  98  Technological  Tools  Facilitating  Qualitative  Data  Analysis  ...........................................................  98  

CHEN,  HSIN-­‐YU;  YARNAL,  CAREEN;  CHICK,  GARRY;  JABLONSKI,  NINA  ......................................................  98  “I  don’t  want  to  get  tanned”:  Cultural  perceptions  of  lighter  skin  color  and  East  Asian  women’s  constraints  for  outdoor  activities  ............................................................................................  98  

CODINA,  NURIA;  BALARI,  CRISTINA  ...................................................................................................................  99  Women's  Sport  and  Physical  Activity.  From  the  Zimbardo  and  Boyd’s  Time  Perspective  to  the  strategies  for  psychosocial  intervention  ..........................................................................................  99  

JOHNSON,  COREY  ....................................................................................................................................................  99  Abducting  Masculinity:  Drag  Kings  as  Performative  Leisure  .........................................................  99  

KARIM,  REHNUMA  .................................................................................................................................................  99  Learning  to  Live:  A  Qualitative  Inquiry  on  Leisure  Experiences  by  the  Female  Victims  of  Acid  Attack  in  Bangladesh  .............................................................................................................................  99  

RICHMOND,  LAUREL;  BERBARY,  LISBETH  ......................................................................................................  100  Queer  Reads:  When  Children’s  Literature  does  Gender  “Differently”  ......................................  100  

RICHMOND,  LAUREL;  OAKLEAF,  LINDA  ...........................................................................................................  100  Gender  in  public  recreation  space:  conceptualizations  of  safety  and  identity  for  people  who  are  transgender.  ....................................................................................................................................  100  

 

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Hillel Ruskin lecture The  Hillel  Ruskin  Memorial  Scholar  Lecture  Award  seeks  to  perpetuate  and  recognize  the  contributions  of  the  namesake  of  this  award  by  sponsoring  a  scholarly  lecture  focused  on  advancing  concepts  related  to  leisure,  leisure  education  and  leisure  policy  development.  The  Hillel  Ruskin  Memorial  Scholar  Lecture  Award  is  presented  at  the  biennial  World  Leisure  Congress.  

The  Hillel  Ruskin  Memorial  Scholar  Lecture  Award  was  conceived  at  the  IX  World  Leisure  Regional  Conference  held  in  Malmo,  Sweden  in  2005.  Subsequently,  the  first  award  was  made  at  the  2008  X  World  Leisure  Congress  in  Quebec  City,  Canada.  The  following  abstract  highlight  the  2014  lecture  from  Adriana  Esther  Estrada-­‐González  presented  in  Mobile    World  Leisure  Congress    

Adriana  Esther  Estrada-­‐González  

Rethinking  Leisure  Education  in  Later  Life:  a  Mexican  Experience  

During   the   last   decades,   it   has   been  practiced   the   idea  of   leisure   education   among  different   groups   of   society.     In  Mexico,   there   are  well  developed  leisure  programs  for  children,  youth,  families,  people  at  risk,  to  mention  just  a  few.    However,  senior  citizens  haven’t  got  attention,  neither  by  public,  private  or  social  organizations.  

This   lack   of   interest   to   provide   leisure   education   to   elderly   people   has   left   them  without   opportunities   to   participate   in   leisure   activities,  considered  as  a  group  of  our  population  who  really  has  a   lot  of   time  to  engage   in   leisure.    Community  centers,  senior  residences,   religious  groups,  among  others,  have  offered  some  leisure  provision  for  this  group,  but  we  can  hardly  find  an  institutionalized  way  to  provide  leisure  services  with  a  continuous  effort.  

This  paper  presents  a  model  that  has  been  used  as  a  Training  Program  for  Pre-­‐Retired  people.    But  this  model  has  been  adapted  to  be  used  with   other   groups   of   senior   citizens,   not   only   for   retired   ones.     There   has   been   a   transition,   from   a   time   where   money   constraint   was  perceived  as  an  issue  during  later  life,  to  a  relevant  moment  in  history  where  leisure  education  and  leisure  provision  is  more  important  than  health  or  the  financial  situation  for  senior  citizens.  

Additional  to  the  model  proposed,  the  presentation  will  include  a  successful  experience  provided  by  ISSSTE  (the  Security  and  Social  Services  Institute  for  the  State  Employees).    They  run  a  special  program  where  elderly  can  participate  in  leisure  activities,  but  focusing  not  only  in  the  activities  done,  but  on  the  concept  of  delivering  leisure  education  as  a  whole.  

Scientific  Oral  

Universidad  de  Monterrey,  Mexico  

 

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Access and Inclusion  

Autry,  Cari;  Beaver,  Randall  

"Now  watch  this  very  carefully"Using  Visual  Research  to  Improve  Learning  with  Student  Generated  Videos  in  an  Online  Inclusive  Recreation  Course  

The  collaboration  between  instructional  designer  and  online  teaching  faculty  holds  great  promise  in  developing  better  and  more  meaningful  online  course  environments.  The  presenters  share  the  background  story  and  results  of  a  research  project  that  analyzes  the  use  of  student  generated  video  to  document  a  “simulation”  assignment  in  which  undergraduate  university  students  record  their  real  life  experiences  navigating  various  public  spaces  in  wheelchairs.  The  session  highlights  the  collaborative  steps  the  instructor  and  instructional  designer  have  taken  in  both  the  course  development  and   the   research   process.   Therefore,   the   first   part   of   the   presentation   will   tie   together   elements   from   instructional   design,   online   teaching   and  learning,  simulations,  visual  anthropology,  and  visual  research  in  education.  The  second  part  of  the  presentation  will  focus  more  on  the  results  of  the  student  generated  videos,  reaction  blogs,  and  interviews  surrounding  the  wheelchair  simulation  assignment  as  an  interactive  tool  for  learning  in  an  online  Inclusive  Recreation  Services  course.  In  addition,  this  part  will  be  more  interactive  and  offer  an  opportunity  for  attendees  to  participate  in  the  research  analysis  process  by  viewing  data  and  offering   their  own   input   into  an  ongoing  research  effort.  This  process  of  sharing  will  encourage  an  opportunity  to  share  how  academic  environments  can  think  creatively  and  utilize  online  learning  and  technology-­‐based  tools  to  make  a  difference  for  their  students  and  to  apply  some  of  these  lessons  into  their  own  practice  in  similar  courses.    Professional  Poster  

Florida  International  University,  United-­‐States  

Azzini,  Eduardo  

Public  spaces  and  equipment  for  sporting  leisure:  the  access  for  people  with  disabilities  –  the  case  of  Piracicaba  

Our  goal  with  research  was  to  check  if  public  spaces  and  leisure  facilities  in  the  city  of  Piracicaba  allow  the  access  of  people  with  disabilities  and  if  they  are  in  accordance  with  the  technical  accessibility  standards  provided  by  Law  no.  10,098  and  regulated  by  the  Brazilian  Association  of  Technical  Standards.  The  literature  review  started  with  a  survey  in  the  libraries  of  the  some  Universities  and  in  the  thesis  database  of  the  Coordination  for  the  Improvement   of   Higher   Education   Personnel.   It   also   made   use   of   Google   Scholar   following   our   keywords.   For   a   desk   research   through   content  analysis  we  searched  the  internet  to  access  the  general  laws  governing  accessibility.  For  field  research,  we  made  the  identification  of  public  spaces  and   facilities   for   sports   and   physical   recreation   in   the   city   of   Piracicaba;   the   investigated   spaces   were   chosen   by   non-­‐probability   sampling,  considering   greater   frequency   and   location   in   the   city’s   downtown   or   outskirts.   Data   were   adapted   into   a   semi-­‐structured   guide,   based   on   an  instrument  validated  by   the  Pontifical  Catholic  University  of  Campinas,   through  which  we  sought   to  examine   the   situation  of  disabled  people  and  their  participation  in  physical  sporting  leisure  content  taking  into  account  the  specified  accessibility  standards  outlined  in  NBR  9050.The  guide  was  applied  in  the  selected  areas  and  facilities  through  participant  observation.  We  noticed  a  gap  between  what  is  establish  in  theory  and  law,  and  what  public  leisure  spaces  really  have  to  receive  disabled  people.  We  identified  a  number  of  architectural  barriers  and  failures  in  the  facility’s  adaptation  and  functionality.  All  the  investigated  leisure  areas  were  considered  unsatisfactory  in  terms  of  accessibility.    Scientific  Oral  

UNIMEP,  Brazil  

Cantin,  Roger;  Boucher,  Normand  

Factors  influencing  leisure  participation  among  adults  with  physical  disabilities  

Although   leisure   is   considered   to   be   an   important   factor   that   supports   the   social   participation   of   people   with   disabilities,   only   a   few   of   these  individuals  participate   in   structured   leisure  programs   tailored   to   their  needs.  The   lack  of  knowledge  about   the   factors   that   influence   their   leisure  practices  limits  understanding  of  this  situation.  Objectives:  a)  identify  personal  and  environmental  variables  influencing  the  practice  of  leisure  among  adults  with  physical  disabilities,  b)identify  the  variables  associated  with  the  choice  of  engaging  in  a  form  structured  and  adapted  of  leisure.  Methods:  Within   this   exploratory   study,   37   individual   interviews  were   carried   out   using   questionnaires   and   focus   groups  with   participants   registered   and  unregistered  in  adapted,  structured  and  tailored  leisure  activities.  Results:  Overall,  21  women  and  16  men  agreed  to  participate  in  the  study,  with  22  of  them  registered  in  adapted,  structured  and  tailed  leisure  programs.  Compared  to  participants  in  these  types  of  programs,  non-­‐participants  were  more  often  women,  older  and  had  a  higher  level  of  income.  Compared  to  participants,  non-­‐participants  also  showed  significant  differences  (p<0.05)  related  to  five  variables  measured  by  the  "individual  leisure  profile  ".  In  addition,  there  was  a  significant  difference  between  the  two  groups  (p<0.03)  on  the  perceived  influence  of  services  offered  by  their  local  community  organizations.  Conclusion:  These  results  emphasize  the  importance  of  putting  forward  an  approach  supporting  the  development  of  an  inclusive  environment  characterized  by  a  successful  combination  of  individual  aspirations  of  equality  and  collective  will  to  support  the  societal  inclusion  of  adults  living  with  a  disability.  Scientific  Poster  

Institut  de  réadaptation  en  déficience  physique  de  Québec  (IRDPQ),  Canada  

  15  

Cole,  Shu  

Travelers  with  Mobility  Impairments:  Profile,  Motivation  and  Experience  

Although  there  is  an  emerging  literature  in  tourism  on  the  travel  experience  of  people  with  disabilities,  empirical  research  in  this  area  is  scarce.  The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  describe  the  characteristics  of  travelers  with  mobility  impairments  and  to  understand  their  travel  behavior,  motivation  and  perceived  accessibility  of  travel  services.    The   study   surveyed  people  with  mobility   impairments  who   subscribed   to   a  mobility  magazine   in   2013.  Of   the   288   respondents,   although  82%  reported  “very  low”  to  “moderate”  capability  of  conducting  daily  activities,  96.2%  traveled  for  various  reasons  away  from  home  at  least  once  in  the  past   12   months.   In   addition,   73%   of   the   respondents   traveled   for   leisure   purposes   at   least   once   in   the   past   12   months.   Almost   half   of   the  respondents  had  annual  household  income  less  than  $40,000.  Scales   based  on   the   Self-­‐Determination  Theory  were  used   to  measure   the   various   leisure   travel  motivations.  Respondents   reported   the  highest  score  in  intrinsic  motivation  (M=5  on  a  7-­‐pt  scale,  SD=1.4)  and  the  lowest  in  amotivation  (M=2.5,  SD=1.5)  for  leisure  travel.  On  a  5-­‐point  scale  of  Poor-­‐Excellent,   respondents   rated   the   attitude   of   service   employee   the   highest   as   Good   to   Very   Good   (M=3.5,   SD=.99)   and   accessibility   of  transportation  the  lowest  as  Fair  (M=2.3,  SD=1.0).  A  majority  of  the  respondents  (73.7%)  expressed  a  strong  desire  to  continue  leisure  travel  in  the  future.  Results   of   the   study   show   empirically   that   although   people   with   mobility   impairments   may   experience   mobility,   economical   and   accessibility  barriers,  they  have  strong  motivation  and  intention  for  leisure  travel.  Implications  for  travel  services  are  discussed.    Scientific  Oral  

Indiana  University,  United-­‐States  

Cripps,  Douglas  

Interprofessional  Collaboration  and  Education:  The  Role  of  Therapeutic  Recreation  and  its  Impact  on  Access  and  Inclusion  

Interprofessional   collaboration   and   education   is   critical   to   the   continued   development   and   enhancement   of   the   profession   of   therapeutic  recreation.     This   presentation   will   provide   an   overview   of   the   Canadian   Interprofessional   Competency   framework   and   its   link   to   effective  therapeutic   recreation   treatment   services.     Participants  will   gain   an  understanding  of   the  barriers,   challenges,   and   rewards   of   interprofessional  collaboration   in   health   and   human   services   settings.       Further,   participants   will   recognize   the   inherent   benefits   of   moving   from   an   individual  professional  scope  of  practice  to  a  person-­‐centered  approach  that  requires  support,  care  and  treatment  far  beyond  the  skill  and  competency  in  any  one  profession.    Participants  will  also  be  exposed  to  post-­‐secondary  practices  that  encourage,  support  and  promote  interprofessional  collaboration  through  unique  interprofessional  learning  experiences  designed  to  impact  access  and  inclusion.      

Scientific  Oral  

Faculty  of  Kinesiology  &  Health  Studies,  Canada  

Green,  Frederick;  Gearity,  Brian    

Leisure,  Inclusion,  and  a  Diverse  Community  

Inclusion,  like  leisure,  may  best  be  understood  from  an  individual  perspective.    Students  of  leisure  are  encouraged  to  understand  leisure  as  a  state  of  mind,  recognizing  that  leisure  is  the  product  of  one’s  involvement  and  one’s  personal  interpretation  of  this  involvement.    Likewise,  a  similar  interpretation  of  inclusion  recognizes  individual  differences  and  preferences,  multiple  and  complex  inclusive  environments,  and  the  extent  to  which  one’s  perception  of  inclusion  influences  and  defines  the  quality  of  the  experience.  The  speakers    offered  a  model  of  inclusion  centered  on  leisure.    By  comparing  the  qualities  of  and  constraints  to  leisure  with  the  qualities  and  constraints  to  inclusion,  the  speakers  will  discuss  a  person  centered  approach  to  understanding  inclusion  as  it  relates  to  leisure.      With  the  aid  of  the  model,  the  speakers  will  focus  on  the  needs  of  individuals  with  more  limiting  disabilities  and  programming  steps  for  ensuring  all  individuals  are  “working  towards  inclusion.”  Additionally,  the  speakers  will  discuss  inclusion  as  it  applies  to  multiple  dimensions  of  diversity.    By  comparing  the  constraints  to  inclusion  often  perceived  by  people  with  disabilities  to  the  constraints  to  inclusion  often  perceived  by  other  marginalized  individuals,  best  practices  and  strategies  for  inclusion  that  have  successfully  promoted  the  inclusion  of  people  with  disabilities  will  be  offered  for  promoting  satisfying  leisure  lifestyles  and  a  diverse  community.  Furthermore,  data  will  be  presented  to  demonstrate  the  interaction  between  marginalized  individuals  and  their  peers  in  team  sports,  with  a  focus  on  the  model  of  inclusion.  

Professional  Oral  

Northwest  Missouri  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  16  

Hopper,  Tristan  D.;  Singleton.,  Jerome.  

The  Study  of  Subjective  Mental  Health  and  Leisure  Time  Engagement:  Preliminary  Findings  and  Implications  

Persons  who  have  mental  health  concerns  comprise  20  per  cent  of  the  global  village.  Mental  health  has  traditionally  been  understood  as  the  presence  or  absence  of  disease  –  however,  research  shows  it  is  much  more  than  that  –  a  complete  state  of  wellbeing  that  takes  into  account  people’s  ability  to  flourish  in  all  aspects  of  life.  The  study  of  subjective  mental  health  and  time  use  is  emerging  in  the  literature.    Historically,  the  leisure  literature  has  addressed  the  association  of  leisure  engagement  and  its  potential  benefits  on  one’s  mental  health.  This  presentation  will  explore  preliminary  findings  from  research  that  addresses  the  concept  of  subjective  mental  health  and  how  this  associates  with  the  use  of  leisure  time  engagement.  The  presentation  will  take  participants  through  the  systematic  review  process  used  in  assessing  the  relevant  literature  –  along  with  preliminary  findings  and  implications.  The  current  study  emphasized  that  the  study  of  subjective  mental  health  and  its  association  with  time  use  was  not  currently  addressed  within  the  literature  reviewed.  We  suggest  that  as  the  level  of  subjective  mental  health  continues  to  decline  among  society,  the  study  of  these  two  variables  be  understood  dependently  with  another  i.e.  subjective  mental  health  and  its  association  with  leisure  time  use,  will  allow  for  a  more  concise  representation  of  leisure  time  engagement.  Further,  the  study  of  subjective  mental  health  and  leisure  time  engagement  across  the  life  course  could  have  implications  for  the  practitioners  working  with  people  of  varying  abilities  to  ensure  measureable  and  meaningful  outcomes.  

Scientific  Oral  

Dalhousie  University,  Canada  

Jones,  Shawn  S.  

A  Place  at  the  Park-­‐Morgan's  Wonderland  

Morgan’s  Wonderland,  located  in  San  Antonio,  Texas  is  the  first  amusement  park  in  the  world  fully  accessible  to  individuals  of  various  abilities.    Individuals  with  special  needs  receive  free  admission  to  the  park.    Morgan’s  Wonderland  occupies  25  acres  and  includes  an  8  acre  lake  and  gymnasium.    Morgan’s  Wonderland  is  a  unique  beneficiary  of  sports  philanthropy.    The  North  American  Soccer  League  (NASL)  San  Antonio  Scorpions  is  the  first  team  in  the  history  of  professional  sports  to  be  established  for  the  benefit  of  a  nonprofit  with  the  mission  of  helping  individuals  with  special  needs.    Professionnal  Poster  

Sporting  Chance,  San  Antonio,  United-­‐States  

Lima  da  Silva,  Janaína  

World  Leisure  Congress  in  Brazil:  discussions  about  leisure  in  globalized  society  

This  presentation  aims  at  the  approach  of  aspects  related  to  several  aspects  regarding  the  5th  World  Congress  on  Leisure  in  Brazil  in  1998.  This  conference  was  one  of  the  biggest  and  most  important  events  in  Brazil  related  to  leisure  theme  and  brought  the  participation  of  important  keynote  speakers  and  researchers  from  around  the  world  being  the  first  edition  held  in  Latin  America  .  For  one  week,  the  leisure  community  mobilized  to  explore  the  theme  Leisure  in  Globalized  Society:  Inclusion  or  Exclusion?,  to  celebrate  the  50th  Anniversary  of  the  United  Nation  Declaration  of  Human  Rights,  and  to  enrich  our  understanding  of  the  Latin  American  experience.  An  important  feature  of  the  Congress  was  the  adoption  of  the  Sao  Paulo  Declaration  on  Leisure  and  Globalization  which  establishes  the  importance  of  leisure  diversity.  As  a  methodology,  a  qualitative  analysis  was  performed  in  academic  books,  related  articles,  research  organization’  supplies  and  proceedings  of  the  5th  World  Congress  leisure.  For  data  collection  were  realized  interviews  with  people  who  participated  directly  in  the  organization.  The  main  topics  explored  in  the  field  instrument  were  Leisure  in  Brazil  ,  SESC,  World  Leisure  Organization,  World  Leisure  Congress,  among  others.  With  the  analysis  of  the  results,  it  was  found  the  historical  connection  of  the  SESC  with  leisure,  the  process  of  Brazil  's  candidacy  to  host  the  World  Leisure  Congress  and  the  importance  of  the  congress  for  the  leisure  field  in  South  America.    Scientific  Oral  

University  of  São  Paulo  -­‐  USP,  Brazil  

  17  

Mische  Lawson,  Lisa  

Sensory  Supported  Swimming  for  Children  for  Autism  Spectrum  Disorders  

According  the  American  Academy  of  Pediatrics,  49%  of  parents  of  children  with  ASDs  report  that  their  children  wander  away  from  safe  places,  and  24%  of  children  who  wandered  were  in  danger  of  drowning.  From  2009  to  2011,  accidental  drowning  accounted  for  91%  of  total  U.S.  deaths  in  children  with  ASDs  ages  14  years  and  younger.  To  promote  healthy  lifestyles  and  prevent  drowning,  recreational  and  occupational  therapists  at  the  University  of  Kansas  developed  a  specialized  swim  program  to  promote  physical  activity  and  increase  the  safety  of  children  with  ASDs.  The  Sensory  Supported  Swimming  (SSS)  program  is  a  learn-­‐to-­‐swim  program  for  children  ages  4  to  17  years  with  ASDs.  The  program  was  developed  to  (1)  provide  adaptive  lessons  to  children  with  ASDs,  (2)  teach  children  a  lifelong  recreational/physical  activity,  (3)  teach  children  swimming  so  they  and  their  families  can  enjoy  the  water,  and  (4)  teach  water  safety.  This  sessions  discusses  the  development  of  Sensory  Supported  Swimming  (funding,  staffing,  training,  facilities),  and  collaborations  to  sustain  the  program.  During  the  first  year,  SSS  served  30  children  with  over  50  on  the  wait  list.  Program  evaluation  indicated  that  100%  of  swim  instructors  felt  more  competent  teaching  children  with  ASD  to  swim  (in  pool  modelling  was  most  helpful  for  training),  90%  of  children  were  more  active  as  a  result  of  SSS,  100%  of  parents  felt  safer  with  their  children  in  and  around  water,  and  100%  of  children  improved  their  swim  skills  (90%  improved  at  least  1  swim  level).    

Professional  Oral  

University  of  Kansas  Medical  Center,  United-­‐States  

Nagata,  Shinichi;  Davison,  Amy    

Psychological  impact  of  wheelchair  rugby  and  cross-­‐cultural  difference  between  American  and  Japanese  players  

The  current  study  investigated  the  impact  of  Wheelchair  Rugby  participation  on  life  satisfaction,  self-­‐esteem,  and  athletic  identity,  the  model  surrounding  life  satisfaction  and  self-­‐esteem,  and  cross-­‐cultural  differences  between  American  and  Japanese  Wheelchair  Rugby  players.  Total  of  75  Wheelchair  Rugby  players  (58  US  and  17  Japanese)  responded  to  the  electronic  survey  with  established  instruments.  Retrospective  pretest  method  was  used  for  pretest  posttest  comparison.  The  data  were  analyzed  with  t-­‐test  and  stepwise  regression  analyses.  Wheelchair  Rugby  participation  had  a  positive  impact  on  life  satisfaction  and  athletic  identity.  American  players  also  demonstrated  significant  improvement  in  self-­‐esteem,  but  Japanese  players  did  not.  American  players  scored  significantly  higher  on  life  satisfaction,  health  satisfaction,  self-­‐esteem  and  retrospective  self-­‐esteem  than  Japanese  players.  In  addition,  hypothesized  gain  scores  (posttest  score  minus  pretest  score)  were  higher  for  American  players  in  life  satisfaction  and  self-­‐esteem  than  for  Japanese  players.  Life  satisfaction  was  predicted  by  health  satisfaction,  self-­‐esteem,  and  financial  satisfaction.  Self-­‐esteem  was  predicted  by  country,  health  satisfaction,  financial  satisfaction,  athletic  identity,  and  team  identification.  Overall,  the  positive  impact  of  Wheelchair  Rugby  and  cross-­‐cultural  difference  were  demonstrated.  Further  research  should  be  done  to  clarify  the  cultural  differences  in  variables.  Implications  include  the  need  for  coaches  to  encourage  players  to  become  active  and  remain  active  in  such  activities  when  athletes  may  feel  compelled  to  withdraw  before  they  have  thoroughly  explored  the  sport.    

Scientific  Oral  

Northwest  Missouri  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Palacios  Castillo,  Sigrid  Yanara  

Inclusion,  vindication  and  Afro-­‐Colombian  visibility  through  the  Pacific  Music  Festival  “Petronio  Alvarez”  in  Cali  (Colombia)  

The  first  Pacific  Musical  Festival  “Petronio  Álvarez”  was  held  in  August  1997,  in  Cali,  Colombia.  The  festival  was  born  in  memory  of  Petronio  Alvarez  as  a  result  of  a  thorough  research  about  national  music  carried  out  by  one  anthropologist  who  realized  that  important  information  black  musicians,  among  them  Petronio,  was  missing  in  books  and  Colombian  musical  records.  Since  then,  every  year  all  genres  and  ancestral  musical  practices  from  Pacific  black  communities  have  the  opportunity  to  get  together  in  the  same  scene.However,  Colombian  ethnic  groups  face  different  ways  of  exclusion.  Thus,  its  rich  cultural  afro-­‐Colombian  heritage  has  become  an  opportunity  of  visibility,  inclusion  and  socioeconomic  development  through  this  event  due  to  the  fact  that  every  year  many  traditional  groups  of  Pacific  music,  based  in  different    towns  along  this  region,  travel  to  Cali  with  the  expectation  of  obtaining  an  award  or  being  seen  on  this  important  platform.This  festival  is  currently  positioned  as  the  most  important  festival  of  Colombian  black  folklore.  In  a  way,  it  serves  as  a  window  to  vindicate  traditional  Pacific  music  and  local  development  hub.  Promoting  this  kind  of  music  through  this  festival  has  also  resulted  in  the  configuration  of  productive  organization  around  the  Pacific  music  in  Cali.The  theoretical  mainstream  approaching  cultural-­‐economic  relations  have  been  used  as  a  guide  to  make  evident  the  socio-­‐productive  relationship  linked  to  Pacific  music  sub-­‐sector  in  Cali.  Indeed,  through  academic  research  it  has  been  possible  to  outline  the  productive  chain  of  such  sub-­‐sector,  being  represented  the  actors,  their  interactions  and  the  main  identified  products.    

Scientific  Poster  

Communauté  Valencienne  Spain  

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Rhoades,  Michelle;  Davison,  Amy    

A  comparative  study  of  community  recreation  constraints  of  current  Special  Olympic  athletes  in  the  state  of  Iowa  

Research  will  be  completed  on  the  participation  rates  of  athletes  with  disabilities  that  are  currently  participating  in  Special  Olympics  in  the  state  of  Iowa.  Researchers  question  if  these  athletes  are  participating  in  community  recreation  programs  outside  their  participation  in  Special  Olympics.    discussion  will  include  constraints,  to  participation,  access  and  services  needed.    

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Northern  Iowa,  United-­‐States    

Singleton,  Jerome;  Hopper,  Tristan    

Access  and  Inclusion:  Economics    

Ten  percent  of  the  global  society  have  differing  levels  of  abilities.  Access  and  Inclusion  of  persons  with  various  abilities  have  been  studied  from  a  biomedical  and  a  social  justice  perspective.  Scholars  have  argued  for  access  and  inclusion  of  persons  with  various  abilities  into  leisure  opportunities  to  enhance  their  wellbeing.  Policies  have  been  developed  by  the  World  Health  Organization,  United  Nations  and  national  governments  that  frame  the  rationale  for  inclusion  for  persons  with  various  abilities  into  “leisure  opportunities”.  Instead  of  using  a  biomedical  or  social  justice  argument  for  inclusion  of  citizens  into  “leisure  opportunities”  it  may  be  more  beneficial  to  demonstrate  the  economic  costs  of  excluding  ten  percent  of  the  global  population  and  their  families  from  various  “leisure  opportunities”.  Service  providers  are  not  only  marginalizing  the  person  with  various  abilities  they  are  also  marginalizing  family  members  and  friends  of  ten  percent  of  the  global  society  in  “leisure  opportunities”.  Recent  developments  of  viewing  older  adults  as  economic  generator’s  through  the  Silver  Economy  in  the  European  Union  and  not  as  an  economic  liability,  the  advertisement  of  Alzheimer’s  and  dementia  holidays  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  Autism  on  the  Seas  (Cruises  for  adults  and  families  living  with  Autism  and  other  related  disabilities)  illustrates  a  shift  to  an  economic  rationale  for  inclusion  of  citizens  in  leisure  opportunities.  Is  it  time  for  citizens  to  use  an  economic  justice  rationale  for  inclusion  to  demonstrate  that  by  not  including  citizens  in  opportunities  in  a  society,  it  is  impacting  the  gross  national  product  of  their  community?  

Professional  Oral  

Dalhousie  University,  Canada  

 

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Arts,  Culture,  Sports  and  Recreation  

Cao,  Wei;  Su,  Ying  

Case  Study  on  the  Social  Functions  and  Ripple  Effects  of  Associated  Activities  of  Coastal  Sporting  Events  

The  purpose  of  the  article  is  to  discuss  about  the  social  functions  and  ripple  effects  of  the  Associated  Activities  of  Coastal  Sporting  Events  (AACSE).  A  logical  analysis  and  some  literature  data  have  been  employed  as  research  methods  for  this  study.  The  AACSE  refers  to  the  coastal  sporting  events  tightly  combined  with  festivals  and  other  social  activities  to  produce  better  ripple  effects.  With  the  development  of  modern  sports,  the  functions  of  AACSE  in  China  are  showing  a  diversification  tendency  and  getting  social  functions  and  ripple  effects.  It  can  promote  the  economic  and  social  development  to  hold  the  AACSE  in  coastal  cities.  The  results  show  that  (1)  the  more  the  participants,  the  more  the  benefits  in  the  AACSE;  (2)  AACSE  can  improve  the  improvement  of  sports  facilities,  enhance  the  visibility  of  the  city,  attract  foreign  investment  and  stimulate  the  rapid  economic  growth;  (3)  the  governmental  departments  and  enterprises  of  some  coastal  cities  that  have  not  AACSE  should  explore  actively,  so  that  they  can  study  from  the  domestic  and  foreign  advanced  experience,  size  up  the  situation  promptly  and  grasp  the  opportunity,  build  the  AACSE,  and  dig  deeply  on  the  development  thought  of  comprehensive  leisure  tourism,  coastal  sports  and  entertainment;  (4)  making  use  of  AACSE  can  show  the  regional  characteristics,  highlight  the  city's  features,  enhance  the  city  grade  and  visibility;  (5)  the  AACSE  can  improve  residents  living  environment,  promote  economic  development  and  attract  investment;  (6)  the  AACSE  can  show  rich  social  sports  cultures,  and  strengthen  the  citizens’  social  significance  of  maritime  sense.  Professional  Poster  

Vocation    Technology  and    Education  College  in  Guangdong  Ocean  University  and    The  Center  of  Ocean  Economy  and  Management  Research  in  Guangdong  Ocean  University,China  

Cho,  Heetae;  Hyun-­‐Woo  Lee  

Effect  of  environment  factors  on  sport  spectator  behavior  in  Korean    

Sport   stadium  has   its   own  particular   atmosphere,   and   it   is   significantly   associated  with   sport   consumer  behavior   (Wakefiled  &  Boldgett,   1999).  Wakefield  and  Sloan  (1995)  suggest  sportscape  model  to  explore  how  features  of  stadium  have  an  effect  on  sport  fans  future  behavioral  intentions  to   attend   games.   However,   in  Wakefield   and   Sloan’s   sportscape  model,   the   loyalty   construct   is   not   appropriated  measured   as   a  moderator.   In  addition,  expanding  and  filling  the  gaps  of  Wakefield  and  Sloan’s  (1995)  sportscape  model,  this  study  adds  psychological  features  of  satisfaction  and  analyzes  interaction  between  loyalty  and  environmental  factors  to  explain  the  cognitive-­‐affective  effects  on  revisit  intention.  Compared  to  the  conventional  model,  emphasizing  the  direct  effect  of  desire  to  stay,  results  indicate  that  revisit  intentions  are  rather  influenced  by  the   indirect   effects   via   psychological   predicates   of   loyalty   (?   =   .47,   p   <   .001)   and   satisfaction   (?   =   .25,   p   <   .01).   Further   elaboration   of   latent  interaction  between  stadium  and  loyalty  showed  significant  effects  on  desire  to  stay  (B  =  .12,  S.E.  =  .05,  p  <  .01)  and  revisit  intention  (B  =  .10,  S.E.  =  .04,   p   <   .05).   To   sum   it   up,   the   reconciled  model   of   sportscape—elaborating   how   environmental   factors   and   psychological   predicates   influence  behavioral  responses  of  sport  spectators—was  supported  by  elucidating  the  magnitudes  of  each  effect.  Moreover,  the  expanded  sportscape  model  supported  Mehrabian  and  Russell’s   (1974)  Stimulus-­‐Organism-­‐Response   framework  as  stadium  environment  and   loyalty  significantly   influenced  affective  and  behavioral  responses.   In  conclusion,  environmental  and  psychological   features  of  a  sporting  experience  were  further  scrutinized  by  supporting  evidences.          Scientific  Poster  

Clemson  University  

Florida  State  University  

United-­‐States  

 

Choi,  Hong;  Liang,  Yating  

Personal  values  and  self-­‐described  behaviors  among  attendees  at  an  alternative  cultural  event  

Alternative  cultural  events  represent  non-­‐main  stream  social  values,  practices,  and  activities.  People  participate  in  such  festivals  to  be  part  of  an  experimental  community  to  express  themselves  and  rely  on  themselves  to  a  degree  that  is  not  normally  encountered  in  their  day-­‐to-­‐day  life.  They  dedicate  themselves  to  the  spirit  of  community,  art,  technology,  music,  self-­‐expression,  and  self-­‐reliance.  The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  examine  values  and  self-­‐described  behaviors  among  attendees  at  the  2010  Burning  Man  festival.  The  methodology  for  this  study  included  a  previously  used  questionnaire,  The  Black  Rock  Census,  developed  by  the  management  of  Black  Rock  City,  LLC.  By  utilizing  convenience  sampling,  a  total  of  1,188  questionnaires  was  used  for  data  analysis.  Of  9  personal  values,  attendees  regarded  benevolence  the  most  important,  followed  by  self-­‐direction,  universalism,  stimulation,  security,  achievement,  hedonism,  tradition,  and  power  in  this  order.  Though  the  first-­‐time  visitors  had  less  experience  of  the  festival  than  frequent  visitors,  all  festival  attendees  rated  similar  values  as  important.  To  determine  how  respondents  describe  themselves  on  

Missouri  Western  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  20  

and  off  the  Burning  Man  festival,  independent  t-­‐tests  were  employed,  and  results  indicated  that  some  differences  in  the  degree  of  self-­‐explanation  of  first-­‐time  visitors  and  experienced  visitors  were  statistically  significant.  Although  some  differences  existed  between  first-­‐time  and  experienced  festival  attendees,  it  appears  that  participants  used  “reappraisal”  strategy  more  and  “suppression”  strategy  less.  This  study  provided  insight  for  the  festival  industry  into  means  for  analyzing  participants’  values  and  behaviors  in  response  to  management  perspectives  such  as  marketing  strategies,  consumer  behaviors,  and  volunteer  management.    Scientific    Poster  

Ferreira,  Rosana  Almeida;  Terezani,  Giovana  Bottene  

The  Importance  of  Leisure  Equipment  in  Town:  Sesc  Piracicaba  Unit  and  Its  Goers  

This  study  aims  to  identify  and  analyze  the  meaning  assigned  to  an  outfit  leisure  in  the  city  for  its  goers,  in  this  case  the  SESC  in  Piracicaba.  SESC  -­‐  Social   Service   of   Commerce   is   a   private,   nationwide   institution,   created   in   1946   on   the   initiative   of   the   business   of   trade,  which  maintains   and  administers  it.  Its  purpose  is  to  promote  social  well-­‐being,  improved  quality  of  life  and  cultural  development  of  trade  and  services  for  workers  -­‐  its  primary  audience  -­‐  as  well  as  the  general  community.  We  consider  that  the  space  available  for  leisure  activities  become  places  for  research  as  well,  for  welcoming  goers  that  attribute  a  set  of  meanings  to  the  practices  carried  out.  This  is  a  qualitative  study,  using  semi-­‐structured  interviews  based  on  anthropological  principles  Guertz.  After,  the  analysis  of  the  responses  identified  that  the  majority  of  respondents  goers,  have  SESC  as  a  space  that  makes  part  of  their  lives,  as  an  extension  of  one's  home,  they  are  happy  to  be  in  performing  a  physical  activity,  watching  theater  plays  or  concerts  and  tasting  meals;  the  factor  of  accessibility  related  to  low  prices  was  also  highlighted,  as  well  as  the  quality  of  the  services  offered.  In  this  sense,  it  is   possible   to   assign   the   institution   as   a  place  of   significant   importance   in   the   lives  of   its   goers,   from   the  offering  of   activities   that  make  up   the  diverse  cultural  content  and  leisure  activities,  along  with  the  possibility  to  increase  the  goer’s  levels  of  experiences  and  make  them  be  critical  and  creative.        Professional    Poster  

SESC,  Brazil  

Galante,  Regiane  

Sesc  Summer  Project  -­‐  Culture,  Sport  and  Leisure  for  All  

SESC  -­‐  Social  Service  of  Commerce  is  a  nationwide  private  institution.  Its  purpose  is  to  promote  a  social  welfare,   improvement  of   life  quality  and  worker’s   cultural   development   in   the   trade   of   goods,   services   and   tourism   and   in   the   communities   of   the   surrounding   areas,  which   acts   in   the  spheres   of   Culture,   Sport   and   Leisure.   In   the   institution,   leisure   is   seen   as   a   time/space   appropriate   for   both   rest   and   fun,   and   for   personal  fulfillment.  In  order  to  achieve  its  goals,    SESC  acts  on  multiple  fronts,  including  Sports  Development,  which  encompasses  educational  actions  that  foster  broaden  experiences  related  to  sports  and  physical  practices  autonomously,  having  as  essence  of  the  work  the  concept  of  Sport  for  All,  both  democratic  access  and  the  forms  of  participation,  spreading  values  such  as  integration,  respect  for  diversity  and  social  inclusion.  In  this  sense,  this  work  describes  the  experience  of  the  SESC  Summer  Project,  an  initiative  of  the  sportive  area  held  every  year  in  January  and  February  that  involves  about   two  million  people   in   its  activities.  The  purpose   is   to  make  people  aware  of   the  benefits  of   sports  and  corporal  practices   in  everyday   life,  especially   those  performed  during   leisure   time.  Framed   from  a  reflection  on  a  special   thematic,   the  project  proposes   to  change   the  daily   lives  of  people   regarding   to   the  balance  between  work   time  and   time   conquered   for   leisure  experiences.  Therefore,  we  believe   that   the   participation   in  leisure   activities   favors   knowledge   acquisition,   triggering   welfare,   promoting   citizenship,   collective   education,   personal   development   and,  consequently,  the  improvement  of  social  life.              Professional    Oral  

Social  Service  of  Commerce,  Brazil  

Hiroshi,  Sawamur,  Tomoy  Horigome,  Chiung-­‐Tzu  Lucetta  Tsai,  T’ai-­‐nan  Hsien  

Recreation  Movement  in  Occupied  Japan  

This   is  a  study  of  recreational  activity   in   Japan  under   the  US  occupation;   from  the  Potsdam  Declaration  of  August  14,  1945,   to   the  Treaty  of  San  Francisco  on  September  8,  1951.  The  purpose  of   this  study   is   to  clarify  how  Japan  conducted  recreation  activities  after  WWII  under   the   indirect  government   of   General   Headquarters,   the   Supreme   Commander   for   the   Allied   Powers   (GHQ/SCAP).     In   the   immediate   aftermath   of  WWII,   the  Japanese  government   issued  Educational  Policy   for   the  Construction  of  a  New  Japan,  but   this  was  overridden  by  GHQ/SCAP,  who  did  not  permit  Japan   to   reform   itself   and   instead   issued   its   own   four   basic   orders   on   education.   These   were   aimed   at   eliminating   the   pre-­‐war   militarist   and  extreme  nationalist  elements  from  Japan’s  post-­‐war  democratization;  martial  arts  were  seen  as  symbols  of  militarism  and  severely  restricted.  This  had  a  major  effect  on  martial  arts  as  a  form  of  recreation.  There  were  many  challenges,  including  the  introduction  and  establishment  of  the  concept  of  recreation,  the  reorganization  of  disbanded  groups,  scarce  funds,  and  lack  of  recreational  facilities  and  equipment.In  1946,  Win?eld  P.  Niblo,  Chief  Education   Officer   of   the   Nagasaki  Military   Government   Team,   introduced   square   dancing,   which   quickly   became   a   nationwide   craze.   In   fact,   it  spread  so  quickly  that  it  outpaced  accurate  information,  and  many  people  thought  the  newfangled  term  “recreation”  meant  dancing.  Then,  in  1947,  the  inaugural  National  Recreation  Congress  was  held,  and  included  light  sports  like  badminton,  softball,  as  well  as  dancing,  movies,  musicales,  and  Noh.  As  equipment  became  more  widely  available,  recreation  spread  nationwide.      Professional    Poster  

Nihon  University  Department  of  Physical  Education,  Japan  

National  Taipei  University.  Taipei  

  21  

Horita,  Tetsuichiro  

A  Study  on  the  Character  Attributes  of  Therapeutic  Recreation  Professionals  and  People  Concerned  in  Their  Level  of  Preparation  in  USA.  

 Since   1970's   a   considerable   amount   of   research   has   been   reported   in   America   regarding   therapeutic   recreation   professionals   and   the   people  concerned   in  their   level  of  preparation.   It   is   therefore  possible  to  point  out  the  different  and  common  character  attributes  from  the  respondents  partaking  in  each  research.  The  predominant  character  attributes  were  listed  under  the  following  categories:  gender  -­‐  females;  ethnicity  -­‐  whites  (Caucasians);  age  -­‐  from  20s  to  30s;  educational  level  -­‐  bachelor's  degree,  however  increasing  number  of  respondents  holding  a  master  or  doctorate  degree  in  worth  noting;  job  title  -­‐  therapists:  at  times  recognized  as  equivalent  in  rank  to  directors/managers/administrators  or  supervisors,  there  has  been  a  notable  increase  in  the  number  of  females  holding  their  position;  annual  salary  -­‐  determined  by  job  title,  gender,  and  educational  levels;  region  of  practice  -­‐  the  Great  Lakes  and  Northeast;  years  of  employment  -­‐  6-­‐10;  employment  setting  -­‐  psychiatric/mental  health,  older  adult,  and  hospital;     clients   population   served   -­‐   similar   to   "employment   setting";     job   satisfaction   -­‐   apt   to   be   high,   and   an   increasing   trend   not   to   seek  employment   change.   Lastly,   it   can   be   said   that   the   characters   of   the   people   concerned   in   the   level   of   preparation   were   similar   to   those   of  professionals.  Scientific  Poster  

The  International  University  of  Kagoshima,  Japan  

Jamieson,  Lynn  

Prevalence  factors  leading  to  prevention  of  sport  violence  in  the  leisure  industry:  A  study  of  mitigation  requirements  

Sport  violence  has  been  widely  reported  in  many  countries  around  the  world.  Situations  such  as  assaults,  riots,  intentional  injury,  and  intimidation  issues  have   interrupted  what  should  be  an  enjoyable  experience.    This  study   identifies  key   factors  associated  with   the  pre-­‐existing  conditions   in  place   that   result   in   a   series   of   violent   acts.     Through   an   extensive   review  of   research   and   new   items,   content   analysis  was   performed,   and   key  themes  were  identified.    In  addition,  cross-­‐cultural  analysis  revealed  the  likelihood  that  violent  incident  may  occur  in  some  countries.    Antecedent  behaviors   leading   to   critical   problems   include   the   level   of   organization   of   the   sport   programs,   the   degree   to   which   parents   or   guardians   are  permitted  to  pressure  players,  the  socioeconomic  status  of  the  environment  I.  Which  the  sport  vent  occur,  and  the  level  of  violence  that  apper  to  be  permitted  societally   in  each  country.  The  value  of  this  preliminary  study  was  noted  in  the  identification  of  these  themes  that,  with  further  study,  may  be  helpful  in  plans  to  mitigate  sport  violence.    In  future  studies,  it  is  suggested  that  more  research  be  conducted  to  educate  sport  orgnanizers  about  ways  to  prevent  sport  violence  by  increasing  options  other  than  anger    and  aggression  solutions  often  used  by  those  who  exist  in  the  sport  environment.  Professional  poster  

Indiana  University,  United-­‐States  

Kaya,  Sabri    Leisure  Is  In  Turkish  Men:  Coffeehouses  Example  Of  Culture  Eskisehir.  

In  Turkish  society  coffeehouses   important  roles   in   the  historical  process   is  known  as   the  venues.  Social  problems  are  discussed  and  reached  the  pinnacle  of  communicative  activities  are  referred  to  as  cultural  venues.  (  F.Ü.  Journal  of  Social  Sciences.  2008-­‐18)  Men's  indoor  and  outdoor  recreation  areas  in  the  Turkish  society  as  a  coffeehouse  occupies  an  important  place  in  their  lives.  The  purpose  of  this  study;  Turkish  men  of   leisure  activities,  the  coffeehouse  experience  of  culture  how  to  spend  free  time  today,  giving  them  the  added  value  in  terms  of  how  they  evaluate  their  free  time,  and  are  intended  to  be  examined.  Research  model  was  created  using  the  screening  method.  If  the  population  of  the  study  consisted  of  Eskisehir  coffeehouse.  The  sample  in  selected  regions  of  Eskisehir  showing  socio-­‐cultural  differences  are  classified  according  to  the  neighborhood.  Questionnaire   was   administered   to   the   subjects.   Survey   also   identified   demographic   characteristics   of   persons.   The   coffeehouse   is   to   answer  questions  related  to  the  use.  Scientific  Oral  

Anadolu  University  Faculty  of  Sport  Science  Department  of  Recreation,  Turkey    

  22  

Kondo,  Katsuyuki  

The  recognition  degree  of  disability  sports  in  university  students  in  Tokyo  

This   study   is   to   figure   out   the   recognition   degree   of   disability   sports   in   the   university   students   in   Tokyo.   For   the   purpose,   a   survey   has   been  conducted  in  the  form  of  a  questionnaire.  It  is  still  in  action  and  will  eventually  cover  thousand  student.  The  current  quantity  of  response  for  this  survey   is   two  hundreds   fifty   seven   (257),   of  which   one   hundred   eighty   eight   (188   :   corresponding   73%  of   the   current   total   respondents)   have  answered  that  they  had  heard  the  ward  "disability  sports".  Additionally,  nighty  one  out  of  the  188  people  (corresponding  35%  of  the  respondents)  showed  their  clear  interest  in  it.  However,  it  was  only  16  students  out  of  the  188  that  have  ever  involved  in  such  as  volunteer  of  competitions.  In  my  opinion,   exercise   experiences   have   a   correlation  with   the   recognition  degree   of   disability   sports.   The   important   thing   to   gain   the   recognition   is  having  as  much  opportunity  to  play  sports  as  possible  regardless  of  competitive  or  recreation  sports  level.  The  final  outcome  of  this  study  will  be  made  a  poster  presentation.  Scientific  poster  

Nihon  University,  Japan  

Ledford,  Anita;  Bricker,  Michael  

Understanding  how  interpretive  design  influences  the  visitor  experience  and  contributes  to  a  real  world  connection  to  place.  

Part  of  a  larger  study,  whose  purpose  was  to  apply  an  existing  framework  from  The  Experience  Economy  (Pine  and  Gilmore,  1999)  and  utilized  in  previous  tourism  research  (Hosany  and  Witham,  2010;  Oh,  Fiore,  &  Jeoung,  2007)  at  the  Natural  History  Museum  of  Utah  (NHMU),  the  focus  of  this  part  of  the  study  was  to  examine  the  relationship  between  the  visitor  experience  and  sites  depicted  in  the  NHMU.    The  purposes  of  interpretation  are  to  develop  a  sense  of  place,  enrich  experiences,  produce  marketing  benefits  and  serve  the  client  (Knudson,  Cable  &  Beck,  2003).    The  stated  goal  of  the  interpretive  design  at  the  NHMU  is  to  foster  a  connection  to  places  in  Utah  (Appelbaum  &  Associates,  2008).    For  this  study,  an  instrument  measuring  the  four  experience  economy  realms  (education,  entertainment,  escapism,  and  esthetic)  offered  a  comprehensive  way  to  understand  the  visitor  experience  and  the  effectiveness  of  the  NHMU’s   interpretive  design.    The  open-­‐ended  responses  (n  =  113)  were  analyzed  for  relevance  to  specific  sites  depicted  in  the  NHMU.    The  types  of  visitor  experience  was  related  museum  relevant  sites  in  varying  degrees.    Overwhelmingly,  the  responses   included   the  Past  Worlds  Gallery,  which  contains   the  museum’s  collection  of  dinosaurs.    Within   those  responses,  more   than  one   third  specifically  mentioned   the  Cleveland-­‐Lloyd  Dinosaur  Quarry,  a  small  piece  of  Past  Worlds.  The  overall  effectiveness  of  visitor’s  ability   to  recall  a  specific  piece  of  a  much  larger  exhibit  speaks  to  the  power  of  interpretation.  Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Utah,  United-­‐States  

Liang,  Yating      

Global  Citizenship  in  Practice:  Entrepreneurial  Internships  in  Panama    

Civil   education   and   engagement   is   becoming   a   critical   component   of   college   education   and   has   expanded   beyond   national   boarders   to   a   global  scope.  This  session  will   focus  on  how  Kalu  Yala,  a  Panama-­‐based  internship,  provides  students  opportunities  to  community  engagement  through  experiential   learning   on   an   international   level.   A   variety   of   programs   including   agriculture,   biology,   business   and   architecture,   education   and  community   outreach,   culinary   arts,   health   and  wellness   and  outdoor   recreation,  will   be  discussed   to   explain  how  Kalu  Yala   helps   students   gain  applied  knowledge  in  these  areas  along  with  development  of  cultural  competency.  Entrepreneurial  interns  in  this  program  are  expected  to  enhance  their  leadership,  teamwork,  communication  and  problem  solving  skills  throughout  the  process.  Implications  of  such  internships  will  be  discussed  in  the  end  of  the  session.      Professional  Oral  

Kalu  Yala,  United-­‐States    

Liu,  Hung-­‐Ling  (Stella)  ;  Bradley  

An  investigation  of  serious  leisure  and  leisure  identity  of  female  roller  derby  participants  in  the  United-­‐States    

Roller  derby   is   a   form  of   serious   leisure   and   an   international   phenomenon   for  women   identifying  who   they   are,   as   an   individual,   through   their  leisure  experience  in  modern  society.  The  purpose  of  this  research  study  was  to  twofold:  a)  examine  the  phenomenon  of  roller  derby  on  a  larger  scale  to  better  understand  how  the  varying  demographics  of  female  roller  derby  participants  impact  their  perceptions  of  the  activity  as  a  serious  leisure  experience  and  b)  to  examine  whether  specific  demographic  markers  impact  leisure  identity  development  in  roller  derby  activities.  A  total  of  582  Women’s  Flat  Track  Derby  Association  (WFTDA)  female  participants  completed  the  survey.  The  majority  of  the  female  roller  derby  participants  were  between  the  ages  of  25  and  34,  self-­‐reported  as  white,  with  college  degree,  and  family  annual  income  less  than  $  65,000.  The  results  of  t-­‐test  and  ANOVA  indicated  that  female  participants’  level  of  seriousness  with  roller  derby  activity  varied  only  with  their  annual  income  level  but  not  their  age,  race  or  education,  whereas   leisure  identity   is  not  affected  by  any  of  the  demographic  characteristics.   In  general,   the  more  systematic   leisure  pursuit  roller  derby  female  skaters  committed  to,  the  stronger  and  positive  identity  they  acquired  from  the  sport.        Scientific  Oral  

Oklahoma  State  University  and  Eastern  Kentucky  University,  United-­‐States  

  23  

Mangum,  Jason  

How  an  Oasis  for  the  Arts  Spurs  Cultural  Development  in  a  Detroit  Suburb  

For  thirty-­‐three  years  local  artist  David  Barr  worked  at  converting  four-­‐acres  of  land  in  Novi,  Michigan  into  a  contoured  garden,  home  and  studio  and  where  many  of   his   sculptures   are   displayed.   Laurence  Booth   (a   “Chicago   Seven”   architect)   designed   the  Barr   house  which  was   inspired  by  Palladio’s  villas  and  titled  it  “Villa  Barr”.    David   Barr   is   an   renowned   artist  whose  work   has   appeared   in   galleries   across   the   United-­‐States;   all   of   his  major  work  was   created   as   a   Novi  resident.    His  work   is  of  national  and   international   importance  and  has  art   located  at  Heart  Plaza   in  Detroit,  at  Chrysler’s  world  headquarters   in  Michigan  and  European  headquarters   in  Belgium,  at   the  Town  Hall   in  Pisa,   Italy,  and  public  buildings  and   institutions   thought   the  United-­‐States.  Innovative  city  staff  and  forward-­‐thinking  elected  officials  worked  to  overcome  opposition  and  purchased  the  home  and  property  from  the  retiring  artist  as  a  place  to  highlight  the  visual  arts  in  Novi  through  exhibits,  classes,  and  programs.    The  home  and  two  studios  on  the  property  will  be  used  for   an   artist   in   residence   program   with   a   focus   on   international   artists   which   will   connect   to   the   large   international   population   living   in   the  community.  The  four  well-­‐manicured  acres  provide  a  location  to  enhance  the  cultural  offerings  in  the  city,  including  the  addition  of:    art  trail,  docent  tours,   formal   gardens,   receptions,   photo   park,   or   an   educational   field   trip   destination.     The   addition   of   this   “art   park”   in   the   community   has  increased  support  for  the  arts  among  residents  and  businesses.      Professional  Oral  

City  of  Novi,  United-­‐States  

Mehdipour,  Abdolrahman  

Designing  and  codification  of  public  sport  strategies  (case  study:  Khuzestan  province  of  Iran)  

Background     :  Governments  should  consider  sport  for  all     their   long-­‐term  agenda,  otherwise  we  must  wait  for  the  alarming  illness,  absence  from  work  due   to  diseases   caused  by   lack  of   exercise,   increased  mortality   and  decreased   levels  of  public  health.  The  purpose  of   this   research  was   to  describe  the  current  status  and  present  a  developmental  strategy  for  sport  .  Methodology:     data   was     collected   through   interview   with   staff,   library   search   and   literature   as   well   as   a   questionnaire   that     its   validity   was  confirmed  by  experts  and  its  reliability  was  reported  (86%)  using  Cronbach's    alpha.  The  statistical  sample  of  this  research  consisted  104  physical  education  professors  of  higher  education  institutes,  physical  education  administrative  and  the  heads  of  departments  of  sport  for  all.  The  data  was  analyzed  by  descriptive  statistics  and  Friedman  test.  Results:  The  findings  show  that  only  125,000  people  participated  in  sports  for  all  and  for  every  46  participants,  one  coach  is  involved.  Sport  for  all  in  Khuzestan  has  10  strengths,  14  weaknesses,  10  opportunities,  and,  8  threats  points  and  after  analyses  of  strength  and  weakness,  opportunities,  threat  and  formation  of  rating  matrix   for  every   internal  and  external   factors  of  sport   for  all   in  Khuzestan.  Finally,  according  to  the  exchange  and  discussion  of  research  findings,  strategies  was  developed  for  sport  for  all.  Discussion:  The  main  strategies  for  development  of  sport  for  all   in  Khuzestan:  codify  a  strategic  plan  for  development  of  sport  for  all,  developing  and  promoting  sport  culture  in  society  through  media,  and  Restructuring  sport  for  all.            Scientific  Oral  

Shahid  Chamran  University  of  Ahwaz,  Iran  

Ndoh  Elomba,  Marie;  Lee,  Kangwon-­‐do    

Implication  and  Relationship  between  Branding  and  Leisure:  Issue  of  Leisure  Involvement,  Brand  Personality  and  Brand  Preference.  

Companies  dealing  with  outdoor  brand  are  highly  competing  to  take  advantage  of  the  increasing  outdoor  leisure  pursuit  and  the  dynamic  demand  pattern   of   outdoor   brands.   According   to   marketing   literature   on   branding,   customers   form   their   brand   preference   following   their   individual  personality  trait.  Previous  researchers  suggest  that  individual’s  personality  characteristics  are  used  to  describe  brands,  which  directly  applies  as  a  brand  personality  trait.  Unfortunately,  leisure  studies  still  lack  profound  theoretical  and  empirical  understanding  of  the  implication  of  the  intensity  leisure   involvement   on   brand   personality   trait   and   brand   preference.   The   research   proposes   that   the   implication   of   the   degree   of   leisure  involvement  on  outdoor  brand  preference  should  be  examined  and  how  leisure  involvers  associate  with  outdoor  brands.  This  is  relevant  because  possibly   or   not,   outdoor   brand   consumption   extends   beyond   the   sole   purpose   of   outdoor   leisure;   the   role   of   the   degree   of   outdoor   leisure  involvement  on  brand  preference,  and  how    it  is  associated  with  outdoor  personality  trait,  is  this  present  research  concern.  The  study  will  present  clearly  how  outdoor   leisure   involvers  distinctively   assign  personality   traits   among   ten   top  outdoor  brands.  Three   special   outdoor   leisure   group  would  be  examined;  Golfers,  Mountain  Hikers  and  Fishers  in  Georgia  States  USA.  A  qualified  sample  size  of  300  will  be  collected  with  the  use  of  face-­‐to–face,  open  and  closed  ended  questionnaires.  Independent  t-­‐test  and  regression  analysis  with  SPSS  will  be  used  to  attest  result.          Scientific  Oral  

Kangwon  National  University,  South  Korea  

  24  

Rolfe  David;  Moiseichik,  Merry  L.  

A  Qualitative  Analysis  of  the  National  Football  League’s  “Together  We  Make  Football”  contest  submissions  

In  2013,   the  National  Football   League   (NFL)   announced  an  online   contest   entitled   “Together  We  Make  Football”.    With   five   trips   to   Super  Bowl  XLVIII  (48)  as  grand  prizes,  over  5,000  participants  submitted  online  essays  or  videos  explaining  the  impact  that  football  has  had  on  their  lives.    We  took  a  systematic  random  sample  of  these  submissions  for  the  purposes  of  our  qualitative  study.    Using  the  process  of  Constant  Comparison,  all  data  were  systematically  categorized  and  separated  until  major  themes  could  be  identified.    All  data  were  processed  using  NVIVO  Qualitative  Research  Software.  As  the  data  were  analyzed,  themes  were  identified;  predominately  in  the  form  of  benefits  and  assets  from  football.    Individual  and  familial  benefits  such  as  the  strengthening  of  family  and  overcoming  adversity  were  common.    Community  Capital  Theory  (Green  and  Haines,  2012)  identifies  seven  assets  that  improve  quality  of  life.  These  assets,  human,  social,  physical,  financial,  environmental,  political,  and  cultural  guided  the  study.    Football  is  a  vehicle  for  communities  to  build  human,  social  and  cultural  capital.    In  the  midst  of  suffering,  football  is  used  to  bring  normalcy  to  a  person  or  a  community   in   pain.     Finally,   the  multi-­‐tiered   hierarchy   of   players,   coaches,   parents,   and   spectators   provides   a   fascinating   look   into  meaningful  community-­‐building  and  family  bonding.    Whether  through  mentorship,  community  identity,  overcoming  adversity  or  team  achievement,  football  provides  countless   individual  and  community  benefits  and  assets.    These  were  clearly  present   in  the  data  analyzed  from  the  “Together  We  Make  Football”  submissions.  Scientific  Oral.  

University  of  Arkansas,  United-­‐States  

Sawamur,  Hiroshi;  Horigome,  Tomoy;    

Martial  Arts  under  the  US  Occupation  of  Japan  

This  study  seeks  to  clarify  the  reasons  behind  the  dissolution  of  the  Dai  Nippon  Butoku  Kai  (the  Greater  Japan  Martial  Arts  Association)  by  General  Headquarters,  the  Supreme  Commander  for  the  Allied  Powers  (GHQ/SCAP)  and  what  the  Dai  Nippon  Butoku  Kai’s  various  subordinate  martial  art  organizations  (e.g.,  those  relating  to  judo,  kendo,  karate  and  etc.)  did  to  regroup.  GHQ/SCAP  issued  four  basic  orders  between  October  22  and  December  31,  1945  as  a  means  of  establishing  its  fundamental  education  policy  and  occupation  of  the  Greater  Empire  of  Japan.  These  orders  can  be  broadly  grouped  into  two  categories:  (1)  the  elimination  of  militarism  and  extreme  nationalism;  and  (2)  democratization.  Thus,  GHQ/SCAP  sought  to  democratize  Japan  quickly.  Japan’s  traditional  martial  arts  -­‐  kendo  (fencing  with  wooden  swords),  judo,  and  naginata  (fencing  with  pole  weapons)  in  particular  -­‐  were  eliminated  from  schools  because  of  their  previous  use  by  militarists  to  promote  militarist  and  nationalist  doctrines.  Schools  were  even  required  to  dispose  of  their  martial  arts  equipment.  Eventually,  the  Dai  Nippon  Butoku  Kai  was  dissolved  in  1946.  The  CIE,  a  lower-­‐level  organization  of  GHQ/SCAP,  faced  a  large  number  of  university  students  wanting  to  practice  judo  and  kyudo.  CIE  welcomed  these  youngsters  and  acquiesced  to  their  demands;  GHQ/SCAP  felt  this  was  a  first  step  on  the  road  to  democracy.              Professional  Poster  

Nihon  University  Department  of  Physical  Education,  Japan  

 

Schroeder,  Joanne  

Who  Speaks  for  Recreation...we  do.    That  is  the  problem!  

For  three  days,  in  October  of  2011,  200  respected  leaders  in  recreation  development,  governmental  affairs  and  public  policy  analysis  from  across  Canada  explored  the  challenges  and  opportunities  facing  the  recreation  and  parks  field.    Following  was  three  years  of  work  dedicated  to  a  national  framework  for  recreation  describing  a  bold  re-­‐visioning  of  recreation’s  capacity  for  achieving  well-­‐being.  A  framework  where  well-­‐being  is  defined  by   individuals   with   optimal   mental   and   physical   health,   communities   that   are   inclusive,   resilient   and   sustainable   and   natural   and   built  environments  that  are  appreciated,  nurtured  and  sustained.      With  over  thirty  years  of  shared  practical  and  academic  experiences  the  presenter  will  weave  a  story  of  personal  experiences   that  span  a  career  during  the  benefits  movement  to  a  solutions  based  movement  of  today.  Questions  posed  such  as:  can  we  really  have  an  essential  services  paradigm  shift  in  the  recreation  field  today?    Can  we  be  so  bold  as  to  state  that  recreation  services  ARE  indeed  essential  services  and  therefore  provide  solutions?  Are  the  challenges   in  the   field  today  really   financial  or  rather  political?     In  order   to   answer   those  questions  we  need   to   address   conceptual   alignments   such  as  health   and   recreation,   having   a   tactical   use  of  science   to   support   advocacy   and   utilizing   influential   champions.     These   are   just   some   of   the   strategies   recommended   in   the   repositioning   of  recreation.  The  National  Framework  for  Recreation  in  Canada  has  a  plan,  the  question  is  are  we  ready  to  stop  speaking  for  ourselves  and  willing  to  let  others  do  it  for  us?        Professional  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

  25  

Tian,  Hui  Investigation  of  Recreational  Sports  in  China  

The   purpose   of   this   study   was   to   investigate   the   development   of   recreational   sports   in   China.   Questionnaires   and   interviews   were   used   to  investigate  about  40,000  people  aged  16  and  over  in  10  provinces  of  China.  The  results  showed  that  in  recent  years  China  has  seen  positive  effects  in  recreational  sports  in  terms  of  laws  and  policies,  facilities,  activity  organizations  and  participation  rates.  Since  the  year  when  the  Law  of  the  PRC  on  Physical  Culture  and  Sports  was  issued  by  the  Chinese  government,  recreational  sports  programs  have  entered  a  new  development  era.  With  the  lottery  funds  being  provided,  an  increased  number  of  public  sport  facilities  have  been  constructed,  with  about  76  sport  facilities  for  every  100,000  Chinese  people  .  Although  the  number  of  facilities  is  still  limited  ,  the  year  2010  saw  a  17.46%  increase  in  the  total  number  of  sporting  grounds  and  facilities  compared  with  the  data  in  2003.  The   latest   survey   showed   that   people   participated   in   recreational   sports   for   pursuing   the   goals   of   physical   health(36.60%),   recreation   and   fun  (23.70%),  prevention  of  disease  (14,50%),  weight  control  (9.40%),  stress  reduction  and  tension  release  (8.60%),  and  so  on.  49.20%  of  the  people  surveyed  participated  in  sports  at  least  once  in  the  past  12  months,  of  whom  59.80%  were  from  the  urban  areas  and  38.60%  from  the  rural  areas,  50.20%  were  males  and  48.20%  were  females.  For  sports  or  physical  activities  that  the  Chinese  people  enjoyed  the  most,  the  top  4  categories  were  fitness  walking  (39.80%),  jogging  (13.90%),  racket  sports  (11%),  and  team  sports  (8.20%).    Scientific  Poster  

Beijing  Sport  University,  China  

Usher,  Lindsay  

Regulating  the  self-­‐regulated:  Surfers’  attitudes  towards  municipal  surfing  regulations  

The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  explore  the  attitudes  of  local  resident  surfers  towards  municipal  surfing  regulations.  Surfing  entered  the  mainstream  as  a  popular  activity  in  the  1950s  and  1960s.  It  continues  to  increase  in  popularity  every  year:  in  2012,  there  were  an  estimated  35  million  surfers  worldwide,  up  from  over  10  million  in  2002.  While  the  outdoor  recreation  literature  has  extensively  explored  management  practices  for  different  recreational   user   groups   in   state   and   federal   parks   and   forests,   few   studies   have   examined   surf   break  management   outside   the   context   of   surf  tourism.   Many   quantitative   studies   of   outdoor   recreation   have   also   not   allowed   for   an   in-­‐depth   exploration   of   user   groups’   attitudes   towards  management  practices.  Surfers  have   long  been  known  as  a   self-­‐regulating  user  group   that   imposes   its  own  rules  known  as  surf  etiquette,  which  keep   people   safe   and  maintain   order   in   the   surf   break.   However,   communities   on   the   East   and  West   Coast   of   the   United-­‐States   have   imposed  restrictions   on   surfers   during   the   high   tourist   season   of   summer.   Little   research   has   been   done   about   how   these  management   practices   affect  surfers  and  their  attitudes  towards  the  regulations.  Focus  groups  with  surfers  from  two  different  age  groups  were  conducted  with  resident  surfers  of  Virginia  Beach,  Virginia.  Researchers  analyzed  the  data  using  grounded  theory.  The  results  indicate  that,  while  solving  some  problems  for  beach  goers,   the   regulations  also  created  additional  problems   for   surfers.   Surfers  displayed  mixed  attitudes   towards   the   regulations  and  discussed   the  ways  they  navigated  the  rules  to  continue  using  the  local  surf  resources.                Scientific  Oral    

Old  Dominion  University,  United-­‐States  

Vaugeois,  Nicole;  Shore,  Monica  

Labour  of  love:  Insights  on  the  Traditional  Craft  Trades  Sector  in  Canada  

Across   the  world,   traditional  craft   trades  play  a  critical   role   in  maintaining  cultural  heritage.    Until  now,   there  has  been  a   limited  understanding  about  what  the  Traditional  Craft  Trades  (TCT)  are,  or  the  realities  that  are  faced  by  crafts  people  in  their  effort  to  master  their  craft.    Traditional  Craft  (TC)  is  defined  as    “The  practices,  representations,  expressions,  knowledge,  skills  –  as  well  as  the  instruments,  objects,  artifacts  and  cultural  spaces  associated  therewith  –  that  communities,  groups  and,  in  some  cases,  individuals  recognize  as  part  of  their  cultural  heritage.”  This  session  will  highlight  findings  of  a  knowledge  synthesis  project  conducted  in  Canada  in  2013  to  provide  the  Federal  government  with  a  better  indication  of  the  experience  and  needs  of   this  under  recognized  sector.    The  objectives  of   the  synthesis  project  were   to:  a)  Establish  a  clear  definition  of   the  TCT  sector,  b)  explore  labour  market  needs  for  the  sector;  c)  identify  challenges,  successes  and  possible  ways  to  enhance  training  and  skill  development  for   artisans.   The   synthesis  was   conducted   in   the   fall   of   2013   using   an   in-­‐depth   review   of   academic   and   grey   literature,   the   development   of   an  inventory  of  existing  supports  for  the  TCT  sector  across  Canada,  and  a  Knowledge  Exchange  Forum  on  Vancouver  Island  with  45  artisans,  policy  makers,  academics  and  investors.    The  study  proposes  a  typology  of  the  TCT  sector  and  provides  a  discussion  of  current  labour  market  needs  and  issues.      Scientific  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

  26  

Vitulli,  Paige  

Community  Museum  Experiences  for  Learning  and  Leisure  

Community  museum   experiences   for   learning   and   leisure   have   resulted   in   improved   instructional   quality   in   education   courses   and   leisure   and  learning  experiences   for  our   citizens.  Development  of   innovative  approaches   to   learning  about  our   culture  and  community   is   vital.  The   regional  museums  can  occupy  a  key  role  in  the  community  and  educational  curriculum.  There  are  rich  local  resources  that  are  readily  available  for  students,  educators   and   community   members.   Many   community   members   have   limited   background   and   knowledge   in   the   arts,   thus,   creating   a   specific  learning   need   for   citizens   in   a   diverse   culture.   Museum   collaborations,   artist   visits,   and   interdisciplinary   adventures   have   provided   numerous  students  and  community  members  with  memorable,  authentic  learning  experiences  as  well  as  connecting  them  to  community  resources  where  the  vast  majority  has  been  unaware.Specifically,  utilization  of  community  partners  and  institutions  such  as  The  Mobile  Museum  of  Art,  The  Centre  for  the  Living  Arts,  The  USA  Archaeology  Museum,  community  blind  artist  Ricky  Trione  and  regional,  national,  and  International  artists  through  visits  and   social   media   such   as   George   Rodrigue,   Peter   Reynolds,   and   Ibiyinka   Alao   will   be   shared   in   this   presentation.   As   a   professional   educator,  modeling  and  discussing   the  processes  of  networking  and  establishing  partnerships  with  subject  matter  experts  has  provided  students,   teachers  and  citizens  of  the  community  with  connections  and  skills  they  might  not  have  been  able  to  acquire  on  their  own.    Professional  Poster  

University  of  South  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

Volkering  Carlile,  Cathryn    

City  of  Richmond's  Planning  and  Delivery  of  Physical  Literacy  Programs  and  Promotion  to  the  Community.    

The  City  of  Richmond  located  in  British  Columbia  Canada  adopted  a  Sport  For  Life  Strategy  in  2010  that  includes  Physical  Literacy  as  one  of  its  main  pillars.     From   this   strategy  a  Physical  Literacy  program  has  been  developed   that   is   focused  on  a   series  of  basic  movement   skills   taught   through  games   and   activities   that   engage   and   motivate   children   to   participate   and   build   a   foundation   for   physical   skill   development   and   future   sport  participation.  While  many  local  governments  offer  physical  literacy  programming,  Richmond  is  unique  in  the  planning  and  delivery  of  its  program  in  the  following  ways:  1.  A  physical   literacy   instructional  manual  has  been   created   that  draws  upon   information   from  external   sources   to   create   a  uniquely  Richmond  based  learning  tool.    The  manual  provides  staff  with  the  tools  and  knowledge  to  teach  physical  literacy  programs  to  children.    2.   Along  with   the  more   traditional   fundamental  movement   skills   associated  with   physical   literacy,   dance,   ice   skating   and   swimming   have   been  added  in  the  Richmond  model.      3.  There  are  two  streams  of  training.    Staff  involved  in  the  direct  delivery  of  programming  receive  training  focused  on  fair  play,  safety,  responsibility  and  communication.    Administrative  support  staff  are  receiving  training  in  how  to  educate  clients  about  the  benefits  of  physical  literacy  and  assist  those  clients  in  making  choices  that  will  build  on  individuals  physical  literacy.  4.  The  Richmond  Physical   literacy  program  has  been  branded  with  a  unique   logo  and  marketing  materials   that   reflect   the  Richmond  experience  including  photos  showing  local  residents  participating  in  activities  that  promote  physical  literacy.      Professional  Oral  

Canada  

 

  27  

Building  a  Livable  City  

Ernst,  Olaf  

Leisure  networks  of  expat  communities  in  the  city  of  Eindhoven:  strong  connections  or  isolated  entities?  

In  a  globalized  world  cities  become  more  diverse,  also  demographically.  Especially  places  where  highly  skilled  professionals   from  all  over  the  world  work  transform  into  heterogeneous  and  multi-­‐cultural  environments.  Of  course  this  will  have  an  effect  on  the  daily  life  practices  of  such  cities  –and  therefore  also  in  the  field  of  leisure.  Eindhoven   in  The  Netherlands   is  one  of   those  places:   recently  awarded  as   the   smartest   region   in   the  world,   it   is   a   center  of  high   technology  companies,  a  pioneer  in  industrial  design  and  a  hub  for  initiatives  in  the  Creative  Industries.    This  led  to  further  internationalization  of  the  city  where  many  people  work  and  live  who  originally  come  from  other  countries,  most  of  the  time  called  ‘expats’.  Although  this  group  is  on  the  radar  of  many  parties,   leisure   in  particular   is  an  under   researched  subject:   enough  assistance   is  given   to   international  newcomers  when   they  start  living   and  working   in   Eindhoven.  What   is  missing   at   the  moment   is   the   overview   of   connections   between   different   parties   involved   in   this  process  and  the  way  expats  make  use  of  these  stakeholders.  Additionally,  it  is  unclear  how  they  ‘move’  within  their  specific  leisure  networks  and  the  mutual  relationships.    This  presentation   is   about  empirical   research   conducted  among  different  expat  groups   in  Eindhoven   (based  on  nationality,   interest  or  work  sector)   and  many   other   stakeholders   involved   in   this   process.   Results  will   be   presented   by  means   of   stakeholder   and  network   theories   and  include  recommendations  to  different  responsible  parties  how  to  connect  internationals  more  with  the  city  they  live  in.    Scientific  Oral  

NHTV  Breda  University  of  applied  sciences,  Academy  for  Leisure,  Netherlands  

Flack,  Thomas;  Fleming,  Kristine    

Walkability  

The  reasons  for  the  epidemic  levels  of  obesity  and  overweight  are  numerous  and  varied.    Suburban  sprawl,  technology,  and  stresses  of  daily  life  in  today’s  world  all  contribute  to  the  trend  toward  obesity  and  inactivity.  The  benefits  of  physical  activity  have  been  thoroughly  explored  and  established  as  a  means  to  enhance  the  health  and  well-­‐being  of  individuals.    Further,  physical  activity  is  an  effective  tool  in  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  a  healthy  weight  and  can  provide  some  level  of  protection  from  the  development  of  certain  non-­‐communicable  diseases.  Walking  has   been   identified   as   one   of   the   most   commonly   utilized   forms   of   physical   activity   and   significant   attention   has   been   directed   towards  examining   aspects   of   the   environment   that   promote   walking   for   leisure   and   transport   (Joh,   Nguyen   &   Boarnet   2012).   The   construct   of  walkability  refers  to  the  perception  individuals  hold  regarding  the  design  and  features  of  the  environment  that  facilitate  and  promote  walking  (Litman,  2014).    Just  as  there  are  elements  such  as  social  capital  and  aesthetics  that  may  enhance  walkability,  there  are  factors  that  may  inhibit  walkability  such  as  the  availability  of  walkways  and  proximity  to  destinations.  The  purpose  of  the  present  work  is  to  establish  an  understanding  of  walkability  as  a  component  of  further  study  from  a  leisure  perspective  regarding  the  interrelationship  between  walkability,  social  capital  and  the  built  environment  in  selected  U.S.  communities.      Professional  Poster  

University  of  Northern  Iowa,  United-­‐States  

  28  

Gomez,  Edwin  

Social  Capital  in  Dog  Parks  and  Its  Role  in  Neighborhood  Social  Cohesion  

Dog   parks   are   relatively   new   phenomena   in   urban   park   planning   units.     Although,   the   first   dog   park   was   established   in   1979   with   the  establishment  of  Ohlone  Dog  Park  in  Berkeley,  CA  (Allen,  2007;  Brittain;  2007;  Harnik  &  Bridges,  2006),  dog  parks  did  not  become  prominent  fixtures  of  the  urban  park  landscape  until  the  1990s  (Nowlin,  2006),  and  incorporated  into  city  park  master  plans  in  the  2000s  (Lee,  Shepley,  &  Huang,  2009).  Dog  parks  have  the  potential  to  be  recreation  areas  that  engender  community  benefits  (Gomez,  2013;  Graham  &  Glover,  2014).  The  purpose  of   this  study   is   to  examine  whether  dog  parks,  as  places  providing  bonding  opportunities  with  other  dog  owners,   can  engender  social   cohesion   and,   by   extension,   have   an   impact   on   a   neighborhood/community’s   social   cohesion.   Dog   parks   represent   small-­‐scale   places  where  social  interaction  can  occur  to  improve  the  personal  connections  and  interpersonal  interactions  that  facilitate  neighborhood  livability  and  urban  quality  of   life  (Whyte,  1980).  Some  researchers  have  argued  that  parks  are  more  effective   in  bringing  neighborhood  residents  together  into   a   community   than   any   other   neighborhood   attribute   (DeGraaf&   Jordan,   2003).   Bridging   (BRIDGE)   and   bonding   (BOND)   social   capital  (Putnam,   2000)  were   considered   as   aspects   affecting   neighborhood   social   cohesion   (SOCCOH),   and  we   hypothesized   that   both   BRIDGE   and  BOND  were  precursors  to  SOCCOH.  Our  findings  indicate  that  rather  than  both  being  precursors  (exogenous  variables),  we  found  that  bridging  social   capital   is   a   precursor   to   bonding   social   capital,   and   bonding   social   capital   significantly   impacted   neighborhood   social   cohesion.  Implications  over  our  findings  are  discussed.  Scientific  Oral  

Old  Dominion  University  

Heath,  Cindy  A  Holistic  Approach  to  Community  Connectivity  

The  positive  health   impacts   of   a   built   environment  designed   for   active   transportation   and   recreation  have  been  well   documented.  However,  designing  intentionally  for  connectivity  using  human-­‐powered  travel  to  important  community  destinations  is  often  overlooked  by  public  health  practitioners,  transportation  designers,  and  community  planners.    Research   on   behavior   change   and   user   surveys   conducted   in   community   master   planning   suggest   that   individuals   would   a)   choose   to   be  physically  active   if   the  built  environment  was  designed  to  support  bicycling,  walking,  and  other  modes  of  active  travel,  b)  safe  and  accessible  active  transportation  connections  to  community  destinations  for  work,  play,  and  commerce  are  a  key  feature  of  healthy  communities.    With   the   overwhelming   number   of   assessment   tools,   impact   measurement   systems,   research   initiatives,   programs,   and   design   strategies,  architects  of   change  have  become  specialists,   focusing  on   implementing   the   latest   tools  and  measurements  designed  by   researchers   for   their  particular   niche.   We   have   created   pockets   of   brilliant,   though   disconnected,   advancements   in   this   nascent   movement   known   as   ‘active  transportation’.  The  time  has  come  to  begin  planning  holistically  about  connectivity.  Connecting  community  leaders  to  each  other  to  effect  policy  changes,  connecting  active  transportation  systems  to  desired  community  destinations,  and  most  important,  connecting  people  to  their  choices  for  safe,  convenient,  and  active  transportation.  Where   does   an   advocate   for   active   transportation   and   community   connectivity   begin?   Change   happens   with   patience,   hard   work,   and   one  meaningful  conversation  at  a  time.  An  inclusive,  connected  system  of  transportation  design  requires  innovation  in  public  policy,  a  commitment  to  social  equity,  an  opportunistic  philosophy,  substantial  long  term  investment,  and  energized  leaders.    Professional  Oral  

GP  RED,  United-­‐States  

  29  

Henderson,  John  

Why  Leisure  Organizations  Fail  to  Seize  Organizational  Development  Opportunities    

Two  case  studies  from    The  Maryland-­‐National  Capital  Park  and  Planning  Commission  illustrate  the  difficulty  of  introducing  changes  to  leisure  services    desired  by  the  community.    In  one  case,  the  proposed  change  failed  despite  having  the  full  backing  of  senior  leadership.    In  the  other,  institutionally  sanctioned  change  agents  were  in  place,  but  the  proposals  suggested  by  the  community  failed  to  be  embraced  despite  existence  of  financial  incentives.    Mutual  capacity  to  receive  and  accept  change  in  leisure  service  delivery  is  a  necessary  for  implementing  change.      Trust  and  reliable  communications  are  prerequisites  for  building  capacity.  Often  what  appears  to  be  agreement  is  in  fact  illusory.  Many  of  these  obstacles  have  been  identified  by  organizational  development  and  management  experts.    Essentially,  stakeholders  have  different  conceptual  maps  or  mental  models  and  it  takes  time  and  effort  to  bring    parties  together  in  working  relationships.This  presentation  outlines  methods  that  can  be  used  by  park  and  recreation  professionals  to  build  trust  and  strengthen  communication  among  stakeholders.    Both  case  study  projects  sought  to  improve  low  income  communities  by  affording  improved  access  to  recreation  and  leisure  opportunities.      One  project  tried  to  forge  collaboration  between  local  community  center  staff  and  neighborhood  residents.    The  other    focused  on  improving  access  to  recreation  and  leisure  opportunities  through  identification  and  removal  of  access  barriers.    Both  projects  were  impeded  because  of  inability  to  quickly  establish  patterns  of  mutual  trust  and  communication.      Professional  Oral  

The  Maryland-­‐National  Capital  Park  and  Planning  Commission,  United  States  

Ortega  Nuere,  Cristina;  Jose  Ramón,  Bueno  

Between  dependency  and  autonomy:  youth´s  leisure  as  a  right  to  live  the  city  healthily  

The  paper  focuses  on  youth´  dependency  transition  insights  –  cosmism,  somebody´s  else  decisions,  socioeconomic  and  cultural  conditions,  etc.;  and   autonomy   –capacity   to   take   decisions;   take   the   initiative   in   and   with   liberty,   etc.,   in   a   society   of   networks.   In   this   sense,   and   with   an  alternative   meaning,   the   right   of   a   redeeming   leisure   is   claimed   in   order   to   enable   youth   to   increase   their   protagonist   in   cities´   daily   life,  acknowledging  all  derived  meanings   for  a  more  healthy  and  habitable  coexistence.  Authors  will  approach   this   issue   from  a   trans-­‐disciplinary  approach,   taking   into   consideration   the   diversity   of   their   respective   specialization   areas   of   knowledge:   social   pedagogy,   physical   education;  social  psychology;  social  work:  leisure  and  culture  education,  etc.  This  paper  is  based  on  the  research  project  entitled    De  los  Tiempos  Educativos  a  los  tiempos  sociales:  la  participación  de  los  jóvenes  en  la  creación  y  gobernanza  de  sus  espacios  de  ocio  como  factor  de  desarrollo  personal.  National  Plan  of  Research  +  Development  +  innovation  2008-­‐2011.  Subprogramme  of  projects  of  fundamental  research,  2013-­‐2016.  Scientific  Oral  

Universidad  Santiago  de  Compostela.  Departamento  de  Teoría  de  la  Educación,  Historia  de  la  Educación  y  Pedagogía  Social;  Universidad  de  Valencia,  Spain  

Pechenik  Mausolf,  Anna;  Beason,  Kim    

Their  population  doubled  in  a  decade:  Determining  priorities  and  meeting  a  fast-­‐growing  community’s  leisure  needs.  The  Hernando,  Mississippi  case  study.  

Over  the  past  20  years,  expansive  population  growth  in  the  Southern  United-­‐States  has  presented  city  managers  with  many  complex  challenges.  Among   these,   the  provision  of   leisure   services  has  been  particularly  difficult.   Safe   and   reliable   infrastructure,  while  necessary,   appears   to  be  insufficient  with  residents  demanding  an  array  of  leisure  services  previously  not  supported  by  these  local  governments.  With  limited  resources,  cities  must  develop  strategies  to  prioritize  facility  construction  and  the  delivery  of  leisure  services.  A  commonly  used  approach  for  exploring  the  leisure  needs  of  communities  is  through  the  conduct  of  community  needs  assessments.  In  this  investigation,  we  present  the  findings  of  such  a  needs  assessment  in  Hernando,  Mississippi.  Hernando,  a  town  of  14,000  people  near  Memphis,  Tennessee,  is  experiencing  enormous  growth.  Its  population   grew   nearly   120%   from   1990   to   2000,   and   again   more   than   doubled   between   2000   and   2010.   Although   Hernando   has   been  incorporated  for  more  than  150  years,  it  was  not  until  its  recent  population  growth  that  the  city  government  established  a  municipal  parks  and  recreation  department.  Over  the  months  of  June  and  July,  2011,  a  community  recreation  needs  assessment  was  conducted  for  the  residents  of  Hernando  and   its   immediate  surrounding  area.  Data  collected   from  565  residents  revealed  tremendous  heterogeneity   in  respondents’   leisure  preferences.   We   used   several   segmentation   bases   to   explore   this   variability   with   distinctions   among   community   segments   observed   for  indicators  of  residential  tenure,  socio-­‐demographic  characteristics  (e.g.,  age,   income),  and  residential   locale.  These  findings  provide  insight  on  how  growing  communities  can  assess  and  prioritize  the  delivery  of  leisure  services.        Scientific  Oral  

Texas  A&M  University  and  University  of  Mississippi,  United-­‐States  

  30  

Rapp,  John   Building  strategic  partnerships  

Community  Development  is  defined  as  anything  that  helps  build  a  healthy  community.  Cities  tend  to  approach  this  in  three  distinct  ways,  things  they  do  to  you,  for  you  and  with  you.  Of  the  three  approaches,  things  that  Cities,  or  for  that  matter  community  organizations  do  with  people  have  the  most  profound  and  lasting  effect.  This  is  especially  important  for  those  in  the  recreation  and  social  services  sector,  as  one  of  the  most  critical  factors  in  defining  a  healthy  community  is  the  number  and  diversity  of  people  working  together  to  make  their  neighbourhoods  great  places  to  live,  work  and  play.  This  presentation  makes  both  this  point  with  real  life  examples,  but  also  prescribes  an  approach  and  methodology  of  finding  and   keeping   great     partners   in   doing   your   work   of   community   building.   To   quote   Margaret   Mead,   reknowned   anthropologist,   "never  underestimate  the  power  of  a  small  group  of  determined  individuals  to  change  the  world,  indeed,  it  is  the  only  thing  that  actually  does."  Professional  Oral  

Dovercourt  Recreation  Association,  Canada  

Redpath,  Mike  

Create  Garden  City  Lands  Legacy  Landscape  Plan,  City  of  Richmond,  British  Columbia,  Canada.  

Richmond,  British  Columbia   is  a  growing,  dynamic  urban  center  on   the  Pacific  Rim  with  a  vision   “to  be   the  most  appealing,   livable  and  well-­‐managed   community   in   Canada”.   This   culturally   diverse   community   of   205,000   is   experiencing   growth   and   change   at   a   remarkable   pace,  transforming   from   a   rural   and   suburban   community   to   an   international   city.     The   City   is   ensuring   the   highest   quality   of   life   for   its   citizens  through  strong   leadership,  community  engagement  and  strategic   long   term  planning  of   the  Garden  City  Lands,  an  extraordinary  55.2  hectare  parcel  of  open  space  in  the  heart  of  Richmond.  In  2010,  the  City  took  the  bold  step  to  acquire  the  agricultural  designated  lands  that  were  slated  for  residential  development   from  the  Musqueam  First  Nations  Band  and   the  Government  of  Canada   for  $59.1  million  dollars  and  commit   the  Lands  for  community  use.  Based  on  integrated  planning,  best  practises,  significant  community  engagement,  a  Legacy  Landscape  Plan  was  developed  and  promotes:  -­‐ Urban  Agriculture  -­‐  Innovative  and  sustainable  agro-­‐ecology  practices  within  a  downtown/city  centre  public  park.  -­‐ Natural  Environment  –Preserving  a  biologically  diverse  and  resilient  natural  bog  environment  contributing  to  community  health.  -­‐ Community  Wellness  and  Active  Living  –  An  adaptable,  safe  and  accessible  open  space  that  promotes  healthy   lifestyles  and  community  

cohesiveness  through  unique  programs.  -­‐ Cultural  Landscape/Place-­‐Making  –  A  rich  and  vibrant  place  with  a  distinct  identity  highlighting  unique  agricultural  and  ecological  values.    

Very  few  cities  have  an  opportunity  such  as  this  to  create  a  Vision  and  Legacy  Plan  for  such  a  large  and  unique  space  within  a  City  Centre.  Professional  Oral  

City  of  Richmond,  BC,  Canada  

Tsai,  Chiung-­‐Tzu  Lucetta  

Enjoying  Water:  The  Development  of  Waterskiing  in  Taiwan  

World   Games,   a   big   sport   event  mainly   for   non-­‐Olympic   sports   ,   have   been   held   in   Taiwan   in   2009.   In  many   competitions,  waterskiing   is   a  combination  of   technology,  speed,  courage,  aesthetic,  high  degree  of  exciting  sports  often  attract  attention,  so  many  waterski  competitions   in  sports  channel  broadcast  in  America  and  Europe,  who  transported  one  is  classified  as  a  fashion  sport  in  the  project.  In  addition,  waterskiing  is  also  a  promotion   campaign  as  part  of   the  waters,   such  as  dual  dredging   flood  passage  breeze  Taipei  County  Canal,   in   cases  of   holidays  have  people  engaging  in  waterskiing  can  be  seen  as  a  leisure  activity.  Chinese  Taipei  Waterski  and  Wakeboard  Federation  also  actively  training  for  domestic  players,  participate  in  international  competitions,  with  a  view  to  the  World  Games  has  excellent  performance.  However,  the  people  of  the  country  is  not  enough  for  waterskiing  familiarity,  so  this  study  is  mainly  through  data  collection  and  expert  interviews,  explain  how  origin,  competitive  events  and  waterskiing,  as  well  as  in  Taiwan's  development  status,  so  that  people  can  know  more  about  the  campaign.  Professional  Poster  

National  Taipei  University,  Taiwan  

  31  

van  Boom,  Nienke  

Leisure  amenities  as  contexts  for  meaningful  social  practices.    

This  paper  stems  from  the  increased  attention  by  scholars  and  urban  practitioners  for  leisure  amenities  as  tools  to  lure  human  (creative)  capital  to  place  in  order  to  compete  for  talent.  Although  the  topic  has  been  discussed  in  many  disciplines,  a  deep  analysis  of  what  these  leisure  amenities  are,   how   they  work,   for  whom   and  why,   is   lacking.   This   presentation   draws   attention   to   leisure   amenities   as   contexts   for  meaningful   social  practices,  and  thereby  contexts  for  socio-­‐spatial  attachment  to  occur.  Following  the  work  of  Arai  and  Pedlar  (2003),  Collins  (2004)  and  others,  I  argue  for  a  perspective  on  leisure  practices  as  social  and  focal  or  ritual  practices,  providing  opportunities  for  social  bonds  to  be  built,  maintained  and   strengthened.   This   perspective   requires   a   different   understanding   of   the   role   of   leisure   in   human   capital   attraction.   Especially   in   dense  networked  cities   such  as   those   in  The  Netherlands,   leisure  amenities  might  not  have  much  power   to  distinguish  one   city   from  another.    The  value  of  leisure  spaces  in  relation  to  this  battle  for  talent,  might  lie  in  the  ability  to  foster  social  networks,  resulting  in  a  lower  inclination  to  out-­‐migration.     The   argument   set   forward   will   be   supported   by   preliminary   results   from   a   PhD-­‐research   project,   which   uses   a   multi-­‐method  approach  among  which  a  series  of  focus  group  discussions  with  recent  graduates  on  their  residential  choice.  The  paper  ends  with  the  question  what  these  understandings  imply  for  policy  and  planning.  Scientific  Oral  

NHTV  Academy  for  Leisure  /  Tilburg  University,  Netherlands  

   

  32  

Centers  of  Excellence  

Andereck,  Kathleen  

Community-­‐based  tourism  and  participatory  planning  

This  master  class  is  the  third  of  three  master  classes  by  the  three  World  Leisure  Centres  of  Excellence.  It  will    introduce  the  concept  of  community-­‐based  tourism  and  the  participation  of  community  residents  in  the  tourism  planning  process.  Some  examples  of  community-­‐based  tourism  projects  will  be  provided.  The  presentation  will  include  the  concepts  of  sustainable  community  development  and  the  contribution  of  community-­‐based  tourism  to  that  goal.  

Scientific  Oral  

Arizona  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Klerks,  Yvonne  

Presentation  of  the  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence  

Presentation  of  the  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence  This  short  session  (15  minutes)  is  an  introduction  to  the  presentation  of  the  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence,  accredited  by  the  World  Leisure  Organization.  The  current  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence  are  Vancouver  Island  University  (Canada),  NHTV  Breda  University  (the  Netherlands)  and  Arizona  State  University  (US).        In  this  session  we  give  an  insight  into  the  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence;  -­‐ What  is  a  World  Leisure  Center  of  Excellence?  -­‐  How  to  become  a  World  Leisure  Center  of  Excellence  and  what  are  the  benefits?    -­‐ Who  are  the  current  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence,  what  do  they  offer  and  how  do  they  cooperate?    The  session  is  open  to  all  conference  visitors  and  we  specifically  invite  students/young  professionals  to  join  this  session.  Scientific  Oral  

NHTV  Breda  University,  the  Netherlands  

Bargeman,  Bertine  

Introduction  WLCE  NHTV  Breda  University  (the  Netherlands)  

This  presentation  will  give  an  insight  into  the  Master’s  degree  in  Leisure  Studies  at  NHTV  Breda  and  will  focus  on  the  background  of  the  program  which   is   related   to   the   theme   of   Leisure   in   the  Network   society.   The  Master’s   degree   in   Leisure   Studies   offers   a  multidisciplinary   and   cross-­‐sectoral   approach   to   the   interaction   between   supply   and   demand   in   leisure,   with   particular   attention   paid   to   design   and  meaning   of   leisure  experiences  and  practices.  This  integral  approach  meets  the  increasing  dynamics  between  sectors  of  recreation,  tourism,  hospitality,  retail  trade,  culture   and   arts,   events,   sports,   digital   media   and   entertainment.   In   this   presentation   information   will   be   provided   on   the   set   up   and  characteristics   of   the   course   program,   the   content   of   the   master   courses   and   the   master’s   thesis,   and   the   job   opportunities.  Dr.   ir.  Bertine  Bargeman  is  Education  Director  and  Senior  Lecturer  at  the  Academy  for  Leisure.  In  these  roles  she  co-­‐ordinates  the  (pre)master  Leisure  Studies  and  teaches  subjects  such  as  consumer  (choice)  behavior,  taste  patterns  and  leisure  practice  approaches.  

Scientific  Oral  

NHTV  Breda  University,  Netherlands  

Vaugeois,  Nicole;  Schroeder,  Joanne    

Rethinking  Innovation  and  Sustainability    

This  master  class  is  first  of  three  master  classes  by  the  three  World  Leisure  Centres  of  Excellence.  It  will  highlight  the  need  for  the  leisure  industry  to  become  aware  of  and  engaged  in  addressing  sustainability  issues.  What  is  the  link  between  sustainability  and  leisure?    Is  the  leisure  industry  engaged  in  addressing  sustainability  issues?  If  so,  which  ones,  and  how?    These  core  questions  will  be  explored  and  participants  will  leave  with  a  clearer  understanding  of  the  potential  roles  for  the  leisure  industry  to  advance  sustainability.  The  session  will  also  emphasize  how  to  influence  change  towards  sustainability  in  communities  by  creating  a  culture  of  innovation  where  new  ideas  emerge  and  flourish.  

Scientific  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

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Hardorff,  Arend  

Trends  and  developments  in  educating  Leisure  (Management)  professionals;  World  Leisure  Centres  of  Excellence  Panel  Discussion  

Key  themes  that  came  out  of  that  exercise  were:  •  The  ability  to  design/co-­‐create  meaningful  leisure  experiences  at  a  high  level.  This  consists  of  the  part  of  understanding  consumer  behaviour  in  leisure,  and  the  part  of  experience  design  based  on  this  understanding  and  vision;  •  The  on-­‐going  integration  of  live  and  digital  leisure;  they  don’t  only  compete  with  each  other  but  develop  into  hybrid  processes  of  production  and  consumption;  •  Business  modelling  and  innovation,  especially  in  a  time  where  current  business  models  in  leisure  are  under  pressure;  •  Focus  on  aspects  of  sustainability;  leisure  doesn’t  compete  with  environmental  and  societal  values  but  contributes  to  those.  

Scientific  Oral  

NHTV  University  Breda,  Netherlands  

   

  34  

Children  and  Youth  

Banhidi,  Miklos;  Broach,  Ellen;  Klerks,Yvonne;Marques,  Lenia;  Naidoo,  Maliga;  Tsai,  Chiung-­‐Tzu  Lucetta  

Preliminary  findings  from  an  international  youth  survey  on  leisure  

To   promote   youth   engagement   in   beneficial   leisure-­‐activities,   the   international   youth   project,   “Young   Peoples’   Book   on   Leisure   (YPBOL)”  initiative  was  started  to  examine  similarities  and  differences  in  how  youth  from  different  nations  and  cultures  spend  their  leisure-­‐time  as  well  as  an   examination   of   good   youth   leisure   models   that   other   youth   can   use.   The   findings   will   be   shared   with   agencies   that   deal   with   the   youth  challenges  confronting  all  countries.  A  questionnaire  was  developed,  piloted  and  administered  by  the  young  people  attending  the  youth  camps.  Subsequently,  it  was  distributed  to  26  countries  with  approximately  1,000  questionnaires  being  submitted  for  analysis.  Preliminary  analysis  of  the  data  indicates  that  the  favorite  locations  for  students  around  the  world  are  outdoor  areas  such  as  parks,  mountains,  forests,  beach,  and   lake  sides.   In   these  outdoor  areas,  active  sports  and  exercise  were   the  activities   that  youth  enjoyed   the  most   (43%).  When  asked  what   type  of   benefits   they   gained   from   these   activities  33%  of   respondents   expressed   that   they   chose   the   activity   as   a  way   to   relax  or  decrease  stress.  Further  analysis  will  compare  how  youth  from  different  countries  responded  to  favorite  activity  type  and  perceived  benefits  of  leisure  participation.  This  presentation  will  therefore  share  the  first  conclusions  of  an  ongoing  project  which  aims  to  increase  our  insight  into  the  leisure  scenario  of  today’s  youth.  Professional  Oral  

Hungary,  USA,  South  Africa,  Netherlands,  Taiwan  

Barnett,  Lynn  

Effects  of  Playground  Type  on  Increasing  Physically  Active  and  Sustained  Play    

In   increasingly   younger   populations,   childhood   obesity   is   being   linked   to   increased   risk   for  major   health   problems,   and   overweight   children  endure  ridicule,  torment,  and  prejudice  often  resulting  in  low  self-­‐esteem,  depression,  and  social  anxiety.  It  has  been  documented  that  high  levels  of   physical   activity   reduce   the   likelihood   of   being   overweight,   yet   there   are   steep   declines   in   the   proportion   of   children   meeting   minimum  recommended  levels.  Playgrounds  have  been  identified  as  a  critical  way  of   increasing  children’s  physical  activity.  One  of   the  major   factors  that  influences  whether  a  child  will  use  a  playground  is  its  design,  although  there  is  a  paucity  of  research  to  indicate  what  designs  can  maximally  elicit  physically   active   play.    This  research  study  was  undertaken  to  better  design  children’s  playgrounds  so  that  they  encourage  physically  active  play.  We  reasoned  that  if  we  could  identify  the  salient  parameters  of  playgrounds  that  influence  how  physically  active  children  are  in  their  play,  they  could  be  utilized  as  part  of   the  national  effort   to  combat  childhood  obesity.  The  study  was  conducted  with  7-­‐10  year-­‐old  children  enrolled   in  summer  camps  who  were  transported  to  each  of  three  parks  in  which  different  playgrounds  were  located,  and  provided  with  free  time.  Each  of  the  three  parks  offered  a  different   type   of   playground   that   differed   in   its   design   and   density   (“traditional”,   “modular”,   “loose   parts”)   and   trained   observers   recorded  percentages  of  children’s  physically  active  play  on  each  playground  across  several  sessions.  Results  revealed  significant  benefits  of  the  loose  parts  playground  in  encouraging  children’s  physically  active  play.  Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-­‐Champaign,  United-­‐States  

Betzer,  Shannon  

Total  Quality  Program  Planning:  A  Case  Study  of  its  Applications  to  the  Camp  Adventure™  Child  &  Youth  Services  Program  

Total  Quality  Program  Planning   (TQP)   is   focused  on  providing  quality   services   for   children  and  youth.    The   concept   is   an  outgrowth  of  Camp  Adventure  Child  &  Youth  Services  commitment  to  promoting  quality  and  excellence  in  all  of  its  endeavors.    TQP  is  drawn  from  the  management  concepts  of  Total  Quality  Management  (TQM)  and  Total  Quality  Leadership  (TQL).    TQM  and  TQL  practices  emanated  as  a  result  of  the  work  of  W.  Edwards  Deming  who  is  the  chief  architect  of  promoting  management  quality  control.    TQP  has  adopted  this  strategy  and  has  built  into  its  process  of  programming   for  children  and  youth.    The   following  basic  assumptions  are  major  components  of   the  TQP  process  as   implemented  with   the  Camp   Adventure   Child   &   Youth   Services   program:   1)   exceeding   expectations;   2)   continuous   program   impact   improvement;   3)   continuous  improvement  of  program  process;  4)  benchmarking;  and  5)  statistical  analysis.    The  TQP  model  for  program  planning  includes  three  fundamental  steps:  1)  creating  the  vision;  2)  creating  the  environment;  and  3)  creating  the  connections.    These  processes  and  the  ways  in  which  they  have  been  applied  to  the  Camp  Adventure  Child  &  Youth  Services  program  will  be  offered  in  this  presentation.          Professional  Poster  

Camp  Adventure  -­‐  University  of  Northern  Iowa,  United-­‐States  

  35  

Glover,  Troy  

Landscapes  of  Embodied  Social  Capital  in  Newcomer  Youth  Settlement:  The  Interplay  of  Leisure,  Place,  and  Social  Ties  

This   presentation   explores   the   concept   of   embodied   social   capital   (Holt,   2008),   a   concept   that   underscores   how   the   process   of   becoming   an  embodied  individual  is  inherently  bound  up  with  the  sociospatial  contexts  within  which  people’s  lives  are  lived,  along  with  their  social  networks  and  relationships.  Drawing  on  various  sources  of  data—maps,  dramatic  performances,  and  conversational  interviews—collected  for  the  African  Canadian   Newcomer   Youth   Leadership   Project,   a   research   endeavour   focused   on   the   role   of   leisure   in   the   settlement   of   immigrant   youth   of  African  descent,  the  presentation  examines  what  it  means  to  be  subjectified  as  ethnocultural  newcomers  within  a  sociospatial  context.  In  so  doing,  it   unpacks   how   social   encounters   and   the   social   capital   developed   within   leisure   environments   are   embodied   and   influence   newcomers’  settlement   experiences.   Results   illuminate   the   differential   value   inherent   within   social   relationships   forged   among   newcomers   and   between  newcomers   and   domestic   youth.   Thus,   it   interrogates   the   interplay   of   place,   social   capital,   leisure   to   understand   the   diffuse   power   of  normalization  in  the  settlement  process  and  the  intimate  connection  between  place  and  social  capital.      

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Waterloo,  Canada  

Pebworth,  Katherine  

The  Physical  Activity  of  Geocaching  with  6  million  of  your  best  friends.    

The  sport  of  Geocaching,  where  the  motto  is  “You  are  the  search  engine’,  has  promoted  physical  activity  through  the  use  of  technology  to  give  the  game  of  hide-­‐and-­‐go-­‐seek  an  innovative  twist.  Geocaching  is  a  real-­‐world,  outdoor  treasure  hunt  using  GPS-­‐enabled  devices.    There  are  over  6  million  people  worldwide  that  are  involved  in  Geocaching.  This  sport  has  promoted  physical  activity  for  over  14  years  with  more  than  2,000,000  hidden  caches  worldwide  located  in  about  250  countries.  There  are  caches  located  as  far  south  as  Antarctica  and  as  far  north  as  the  Arctic  Circle  and  as  high  as  Mount  Everest.    Geocaching  takes  you  to  places  in  cities  that  you  would  have  never  thought  to  go  and  can  teach  you  the  history  of  the  area.  For  example:  .3  miles  from  the  Mobile  convention  center  was  the  site  of  the  original  Mardi  Gras  in  the  USA  which  started  in  1703.    Geocaching  can  be  integrated  into  other  disciplines  such  as  writing,  math,  science,  and  history  and  can  be  used  to  motivate  kids  to  be  active  and  learn  while  on  the  hunt.  Geocaching  is  a  great  physical  activity  for  the  whole  family  from  young  kids  to  the  grandparents.    It  gets  everyone  active  and  out  of  the  house.    Professional  Oral  

Lincoln  Memorial  University,  United-­‐States  

Pestana,  Jose  V;  Codina,  Nuria  

The  leisure  time  of  Spanish  young:  norm  or  deviation?  First  approaches  

Youth  leisure  includes  the  realization  of  socially  approved  activities,  as  well  as  transgression  of  social  patterns  -­‐  trends  that  tend  to  account  mass  media.  This  difference  in  perceptions  requires  analysis  and  reflection  aimed  at  shedding  light  on  the  influence  of  leisure  on  the  structuring  of  youth  identity.  Based  on  this,  this  paper  analyzes  two  sets  of  data.  First,  the  first  data  from  the  pilot  test  of  a  questionnaire  developed  to  investigate  the  educational  and  social  times  of  Spain  's  youth;  specifically,  we  consider  the  organization,  company  and  places  of  leisure  activities.  Specifically,  the  information  studied  corresponds  to  a  sample  of  165  young  people  (102  boys  and  63  girls)  aged  between  15  and  24  years  (M  =  17.20,  SD  =  1.27).  Second,  211  images  published  in  217  daily  news  from  El  País,  La  Vanguardia  and  El  Punt  Avui  during  2012,  in  order  to  determine  the  presence  and  content  of  stereotypes  on  youth  leisure  in  these  media.  The  data  were  analyzed  from  two  aspects:  first,  describing  the  activities  described  by  the  young;  and  secondly,  by  comparing  these  activities  with  those  reported  by  the  three  major  newspapers.  Both  sources  are  discussed  from  the  perspective  of  the  essential  role  of  leisure  in  the  process  of  identity  formation.  Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Barcelona,  Department  of  Social  Psychology,  Spain  

Rasmussen,  Jacob  

An  Analysis  of  Aquatic  Policies:  Implications  for  Children  and  Youth  

Aquatic   safety   is   a  major   concern   of   leisure   service   providers   on   a   worldwide   basis.   Incidents   of   drowning   are   one   of   the   leading   causes   of  accidental  deaths  in  countries  throughout  the  world.  In  the  United-­‐States,  the  American  Red  Cross  offers  a  progressive  program  of  learn  to  swim  that  equips  children  and  youth  with  the  necessary  skills  to  be  safe  in  the  aquatic  environment.  However,  throughout  the  world,  there  are  different  strategies  and  approaches  that  are  undertaken  to  promote  aquatic  safety.  Further,  approaches  to  providing  safe  aquatic  environments  through  the   application   of   uniform   life   guarding   procedures   remains   uneven   throughout   the  world.   It   is   evident   that   there   is   a   need   to   compare   and  contrast  policies  throughout  the  world  in  order  to  gain  insights  into  those  that  are  most  effective  in  preventing  accidental  deaths  due  to  drowning.  Case   studies   from   various   countries   on   each   of   the   six   continents   will   be   included,   including   ones   drawn   from   Asia   (Hong   Kong),   Oceania  (Australia),  Europe  (Germany),  Africa  (South  Africa),  North  America  (United-­‐States),  and  South  America  (Brazil).  This  presentation  will  include  a  review  of  national  and  international  aquatic  policies  related  to  children  and  youth  aimed  at  promoting  aquatic  safety.    Scientific    Poster  

University  of  Northern  Iowa,  United-­‐States  

  36  

Tanner,  Tim;  Hanna,  Janice;  Sedlak,  Kelly  

Outdoor  vs.  Indoor:    What  Activities  Will  Convince  Today’s  Youth  to  Get  Outside?  

The  importance  of  getting  youth  outdoors  has  been  well  established  in  the  decade  since  Richard  Louv  published  his  seminal  book  Last  Child  in  the  Woods.    We  now  understand  that  youth  gain  a  variety  of  social,  behavioral,  academic,  and  physical  fitness  benefits  as  they  increase  their  time  in  outdoor   pursuits.     Despite   this   knowledge   and   the   subsequent   push   to   reverse   this   trend   by   formal   and   non-­‐formal   education   groups,   youth  continue  to  spend  the  bulk  of  their  leisure  time  indoors.    Why?  Many  researchers  have  investigated  this  issue  from  the  aspects  of  leisure  expense,  access  and  transportation  barriers,  and  from  the  perspective  of  parental  fear.    A  research  team  with  the  Ohio  State  University  4-­‐H  Youth  Development  Program  expanded  upon  this  field  of  inquiry  by  studying  the  preference  and  non-­‐preference  among  youth  of  a  variety  of  outdoor  activities.    Said  another  way,  what  outdoor  activities  do  youth  enjoy  so  much  that  they  would  forego  participating  in  their  favored  indoor  activity?    Further,  which  outdoor  activities  would  youth  be  willing  to  encourage  their  friends  to  participate  in  as  well?  Leisure   Congress   participants   will   learn   the   results   of   this   research   which   derived   from   surveying   over   400   diverse   youth   (ages   9-­‐13)  participating   in   twelve   commonly   available   outdoor   leisure   activities   and   several   less   common   or   cutting   edge   options.     Implications   for  educators,  program  personnel,  and  policy  makers  will  be  discussed.  Scientific  oral  

Ohio  State  University,  United  States  

Trussell,  Dawn;  Newmeyer,  Trent;  Hill,  Teresa    

Examining  the  Intersection  of  Gender  and  Sexuality  in  Organized  Youth  Sport  for  Families  of  Same-­‐Sex  Parents  

Grounded   in   a  middle-­‐upper   class   value   system  of  post-­‐industrial   societies,   a   culture  of   involved   fathering   and   intensive  mothering  parenting  ideologies  have  emerged  and  may  have  an  important  connection  to  organized  youth  sport.  That  is,  a  parent’s  ‘moral  worth’  may  be  evaluated  by  their   child[ren]’s   successful   participation   in   sport   (Coakley,   2009).   Yet,   intensive  mothering   and   involved   fathering   ideologies   are   rooted   in   a  white,  middle-­‐class  hegemonic   value   system,   and  do  not   reflect   the  diversity   of   family   structures.  As   the   family   is   a   primary   socializing   agent  where   gender   roles   are   learned,   understanding   diverse   perspectives   may   deepen   our   understanding   of   how   gender   ideology   is   contested,  produced,  and  reproduced  in  relation  to  organized  youth  sport  involvement.  Moreover,  research  has  shown  how  organized  sport  has  a  culture  of  homophobia  that  prevents  “gay  men,  lesbians,  and  transgendered  people  from  fully  participating  in  sport”  (Davison  &  Frank,  2007,  p.  178),  but  has   failed   to  examine  how   lesbian-­‐  and  gay-­‐  parents  and   their   children  negotiate   the  youth   sport   landscape.  Drawing  on   insights   from   leisure  studies,   sociology   of   sport,   and   the   broader   social   sciences   literature,   this   paper   aims   to   build   on   existing   LGBTQ   research.  We   argue   that   if  grassroots   sport   and   leisure   activities   are   to   be   a   driver   in   the   integration   and   development   of   communities,   we   need   to   hear   the   thoughts,  insights,  and  advice  of  non-­‐traditional   family  structures.  The  significance  of   ‘cultural  competence’   (Johnson  &  Waldron,  2011)   for  practitioners  and  educators  to  reduce  stigmas,  oppression,  and  heterosexism  in  organized  youth  sport  is  also  emphasized.  Scientific  oral  

Brock  University,  Canada  

Warren,  Angela  ;  Taniguchi,  Stacy;  Widmer,  Mark;  Carmen,  Palmero;  Gloria,  Pérez;Ponce  de  León,  Ana.  

The  School-­‐Based  Family:  Coaches  and  Teachers  as  Parental  Figures  for  Orphans  and  Vulnerable  Children  in  Ugandan  Schools  

The  purpose   of   this   study  was   to   qualitatively   examine   the  possible   formation   of   surrogate   families  within  Ugandan   schools,   especially   among  orphans  who  lack  positive  development  opportunities  typically  provided  by  parents.  The  study  sample  consisted  of  66  Ugandan  secondary  school  students   from   eight   schools   in   the   Mukono   district   of   Uganda.   Findings   suggest   a   potentially   widespread   family   formation   pattern   between  students  and  their  coaches/teachers.  More  than  75%  of  students  interviewed  self-­‐identified  their  teacher  as  family.  Teachers/coaches  were  able  to  offer  orphans  and  vulnerable  children  positive  developmental  assets  and  were  therefore  identified  as  family.    Scientific  Oral  

Brigham  Young  University,  United-­‐States    and  University  of  Burgos,  Spain;  UNED-­‐  Distance  Learning  University,  Spain;  University  of  La  Rioja.,  Spain  

 

  37  

Economic  Development  

Fleming,  Kristine  

Health  benefits  of  cycling:  Strategies  to  calculate  potential  cost  savings    

Cycling   provides   a   convenient   and   accessible  mode   of   transportation   that  will   help   reduce   health   care   expenditures   and   enhance   the   lives   of  individuals  and  communities.  With  participation  in  regular  physical  activity,  non-­‐communicable  diseases  (NCDs)  may  be  prevented  to  help  people  live   healthier   lives.   This   study  demonstrates   strategies   used   to   calculate   the  potential   health   cost   savings   at   the   state   and   city   level   assuming  individuals  meet  physical  activity  requirements.  The  technical  reports,  “Economic  and  Health  Benefits  of  Bicycling  in  Iowa,”  and  “The  Economic  Impact  of  Parks  &  Recreation:  Des  Moines,  IA  2013”  demonstrates  these  strategies  used  to  quantify  the  health  impacts  for  cycling  and  physical  activity   based   on   prevalence   and   estimated   costs   for   NCDs.   These   strategies   include   the   use   of   secondary   data   regarding   participation   in  commuter   cycling   and   physical   activity   along  with   health   care   costs   in   Iowa.   The   ability   to   quantify   the   economic   impact   related   to   potential  health  costs  savings  allows  professionals  to  identify  and  articulate  the  benefits  and  need  for  improved  physical  activity  levels  within  communities.  Professional  Poster    

University  of  Northern  Iowa,  United-­‐States  

Kumar,  Sreya  

Attracting  Lifestyle  Entrepreneurs  to  Amenity-­‐Rich  Rural  Communities  

While  many  rural  communities  are  experiencing  depopulation  and  economic  decline,  others  are  experiencing  rapid  in-­‐migration  and  significant  economic   growth.   Innovation  and  economic  diversification   is  needed   in   times  of   loss  of   human   capital   and   job  opportunities.  This   research   is  focused   on   the   study   of   a   unique   group   of   entrepreneurs   called   lifestyle   entrepreneurs   and   their   motivations   to   migrate   to   rural   isolated  communities.  Lifestyle  entrepreneurs  can  play  a  vital  role  in  rural  economic  transition.  The   purpose   of   this   study   is   to   find   a   link   between   the   various   amenities   of   a   rural   place   and   their   influence   towards   attracting   lifestyle  entrepreneurs  specifically.  This  study  will  define  these  influential  amenities  by  exploring  the  values,  characteristics  and  traits  that  are  common  to  lifestyle   entrepreneurs   in   rural   communities   in   the   sunshine   coast   and   Vancouver   Island   region,   British   Columbia,   Canada.   One   of   the   main  objectives  of  the  research  is  to  what  extent  their  promoted  amenities  influence  the  lifestyle  entrepreneurs  in  migration.  Lastly,  it  is  important  to  showcase  how  these   lifestyle  entrepreneurs  capitalise  on  these  promoted  amenities   to  benefit   themselves  and  the  rural  community.  The  study  will   use   the   case   study   method,   comparing   two   amenity   rich   regions   in   British   Columbia.   In-­‐depth   document   analyses   and   semi-­‐structured  interviews  with  established  lifestyle  entrepreneurs  and  other  bodies  supporting  and  marketing  entrepreneurial  activities  in  the  community  will  be   performed.   This   study   is   aimed   to   help   those   involved   in   rural   development   to   capitalize   on   new   knowledge   gained   about   lifestyle  entrepreneurs  and  the  amenities  that  draw  them  to  place.        Professional  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University  

Ndoh  Elomba,  Marie;  Lee,  Kangwon-­‐do    

Serious  Leisure  Based  On  Outdoor  Activities:  Catalyst  for  Community  Development  and  Economic  Growth.  

Since  early  1990’s  till  recent  date,  the  ‘culture  of  commitment  ‘in  the  leisure  studies  is  been  emphasized  to  explain  the  characteristic  of  serious  leisure,  as  well  as  its  distinction  from  general  outdoor  leisure  perspective.  Likewise  to  a  lesser  extent,  different  serious  leisure  types  have  been  singled   out   by   several   researchers,   to   investigate   ‘culture   of   commitment’   in   relation   to   self-­‐benefits   from   the   serious   leisure   activities   to   the  serious  leisure  activist.  Yet,  serious  leisure  activities  are  still  to  be  investigated  as  a  critical  and  relevant  channel  for  community  development  and  economic  growth.  This  research  thus  proposes  an  extension  of   the  study  of  serious   leisure  as  a  catalyst  towards  community  development;  and  economic  growth.  The  implicit  success  for  serious  leisure  will  be  controlled  by  motivation  factors,  skills,  accessibility  of  its  needed  commodity,  as  well   as  minimizing   the   prevailing   constraints   to   undertake   any   desire   serious   leisure   activity.   Thus   it   is   expected   that,   the   success   of   serious  leisure   involvement  will  have  at   least  75%  significant  contribution  to  the  total  contribution  of  outdoor   leisure  to  community  development  and  hence   an   implicit   economic   growth   effect   to   the   community.   It   may   be   evident   that   this   contribution   may   defer   base   on   varying   activities.  Understanding   the   effective   and   efficient   role   of   serious   leisure   (set   of   29   activities)  will   be   a   relevant   contrivance   planning   for   recreational  facilities.  It  will  also  contribute  to  appropriate  space  provision  for  outdoor  leisure  consumption  while  meeting  the  necessities  for  serious  leisure  activist  within  the  community.    Scientific  Oral  

Kangwon  National  University,  Australia  

  38  

Ngandu,  Stewart;Gwenhure;  Vandudzai  

The  Economic  Impact  assessment  of  the  2014  Marula  Cultural  Festival,  in  Ba-­‐Phalaborwa,  Limpopo  Province,  South  Africa  

In   recent   years   cultural   festivals   have   become   important   tools   for   tourism   promotion   in   small   rural   economies   in   South   Africa,   where   local  authorities   view   these   events   as   important   platforms   for   marketing   the   tourism   assets   of   the   local   economy   as   part   of   their   local   economic  development   strategies.   This   study   assessed   the   economic   impact   of   the   Marula   Cultural   Festival   in,   the   Ba-­‐Phalaborwa   Local   Municipality,  Limpopo   Province.   Most   impact   assessment   studies   generally   use   input-­‐output   or   SAM   multipliers   to   assess   impact.   The   problem   with   this  approach  is  that  such  tables  are  generally  not  readily  available  at  the  small  regional  economy  level  which  is  characterised  by  strong  leakages  due  to  the  absence  of  a  diverse  industrial  base.  Relatively  high  leakage  ratios  dampen  the  impact  of  visitor  spending  in  the  local  economy.  In  order  to  resolve   some  of   these   issues,   this   study   conducted   two   surveys   during   the   February/March  2014  Marula   Cultural   Festival.   A   business   survey  captured  leakage  ratios  together  with  business  perceptions  about  the  impact  of  the  event  and  a  visitor  survey  captured  expenditure  patterns  and  they   perceptions   about   several   aspects   of   the   event.   Besides   computing   the   total   economic   impact   of   the   event,   the   study   also   assessed   the  tourism   inducement  effect  of   the   festival   and   introduces  a   simple  and  novel  way  of   assessing   the  extent   to  which   local  businesses   can   reduce  leakage   from   the   local   economy   by   shifting   the   procurement   of   their   stock   from   outside   the   local   economy   as   a   way   of   enhancing   the   local  economic  impact  of  the  cultural  festival.    Scientific  Oral  

Human  Sciences  Research  Council,  Canada  

Peel,  Nicole  Can  leisure  raise  aspirations  to  higher  educaton  for  children  in  care  

In   2012,   the   Australian   government   implemented  mandatory   schooling   to   year   twelve   or   turning   seventeen   years   of   age   for   all   children.   At  seventeen   years   of   age   families   supporting   children   in   OOHC   cease   to   be   eligible   for   financial   assistance   and   guardianship   arrangements   in  Australia.  When  other  young  Australians  are  looking  at  their  final  years  of  study  in  a  supportive  family  environment  children  in  OOHC  are  looking  to  find  new  homes  and  obtain  employment  to  support  them  in  life.  This   paper   will   explore   briefly   that   widening   participation   in   higher   education   is   essential   for   the   future   economic   and   social   well-­‐being   of  Australia  to  ensure  sustainability  of  its  national  and  commercial  standing  in  the  world,  progress  and  social  justice.    This  presentation  will  explain  what   widening   participation   intends   to   achieve   in   Australia.   It   will   then   overview   how   the   use   of   a   leisure   education   program   is   being  implemented  to  raise  aspirations  to  higher  education  for  children  in  out  of  home  care.  It  will  outline  the  methodology,  framework  and  evaluation  developed  for  the  program  and  findings  of  the  program  currently  being  implemented  for  my  PhD  studies.  Professional  Oral  

UWS,  Australia  

Pesati,  Pranav  

Facilitating,  Supporting  and  Retaining  lifestyle  entrepreneurship  in  amenity  rich  rural  regions  

This   study   explores   established   lifestyle   entrepreneurs   in   rural   and   resort   communities   in   Vancouver   Island   Region   to   understand   their  transitions,   support   networks   and   retention   needs.The   purpose   of   this   study   is   to   understand   the   role   of   amenities   in   fostering   lifestyle  entrepreneurship   and   reveal   strategies   and   practices   that   can   be   applied   in     amenity   rich   rural   areas   to   foster   lifestyle   entrepreneurship   by  supporting  their  survival  and  growth.  The  objectives  include  a)  Describing  the  transitional  experience  into  lifestyle  entrepreneurship  b)  Assess  the   use   of   support   systems   to   facilitate   and   retain   lifestyle   entrepreneurship   and   c)   Identify   promising   factors   for   supporting   and   retaining  lifestyle  entrepreneurship  in  other  locales.  The  study  used  the  case  study  method,  comparing  two  amenity  rich  rural  regions  in  British  Columbia  .  In  depth  interviews  with  a  selection  of   lifestyle  entrepreneurs  and  key  informants   in  supporting  agencies        were  used  to  respond  to  the  study  questions.  This  study  provides  findings  that  are  particularly  useful  for  amenity  rich  rural  regions  that  are  interested  in  facilitating  the  emergence  and  success  of  lifestyle  entrepreneurs.  Scientific  Oral  

Vancouver  island  university  

Soltani,  Tannaz;Caneday,  Lowell  

Economic  Impact  of  Recreational  Use  along  the  McClellan-­‐Kerr  Arkansas  River  Navigation  System  

The   primary   purpose   of   this   study   is   to   estimate   the   expenditures   by   users   of   the   recreation   facilities   on   the  McClellan-­‐Kerr   Arkansas   River  Navigation  System  in  Oklahoma.  Researchers  from  the  Oklahoma  State  University  are  assisting  the  Oklahoma  Department  of  Transportation,  the  U.S.  Army  Corps  of  Engineers,  and   the  Arkansas-­‐Oklahoma  Port  Operators  Association   in  assessing   the  economic   impact  of   the  McClellan-­‐Kerr  Arkansas  River  Navigation  System  (MKARNS).  As  part  of  the  assessment,  it  is  important  to  determine  the  spending  patterns  and  preferences  of  recreation   visitors   and   tourists   along   the   waterway.   The   economic   impact   survey   is   administered   online   using   Qualtrics,   a   professionally  developed  survey  software.  This  survey  provides  additional  insight  into  the  visitors’  spending  patterns  within  five  miles  of  the  river  corridor  and  outside   the   area.   Respondents   are   asked   to   report   their   spending   on   their   recent   visit   to   the  MKARNS   corridor   in  Oklahoma   as  well   as   some  additional  demographic  information.  Conclusions  will  be  made  based  on  the  findings  of  the  study.                Scientific  Oral  

Oklahoma  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  39  

Emerging  Technologies  

Hayes,  Richard,  chair  of  the  panel  

A  panel  on:  The  roles  technology  plays  in  twenty-­‐first  century  leisure:    

As  we  proceed  into  the  twenty-­‐first  century,  people  are  spending  more  and  more  of  their  free  time  using  technology.  They  play,  socialize,  shop,  blog,  read  the  news,  listen  to  music,  watch  videos,  date  and  enjoy  many  other  technology-­‐based  activities.  Furthermore,  they  use  technology  before,  during  and  after  participation  in  various  non-­‐technology  based  leisure  activities  to  gain  information,  plan  and  share  their  experiences  with  others.  These  trends  call  for  an  in-­‐depth  investigation  of  the  various  impacts  of  technology  on  leisure  and  the  specific  roles  leisure  technologies  play.    Technology  may  have  many  positive  impacts  on  leisure.  At  the  same  time,  however,  technology  may  have  negative  effects  on  leisure  participation  and  experience  and  may  also  create  a  social  divide  between  those  who  have  access  to  technology  and  those  who  do  not.  This  panel  aims  to  discuss  the  various  positive  and  negative  roles  technology  plays  in  twenty-­‐first  century  leisure.  Starting  with  a  presentation  of  a  conceptual  framework  for  understanding   the   various   roles   of   technology,   and   continuing  with   two  presentations   discussing   the  most   popular   technology-­‐based   activities  (namely,  using  online  social  networks  and  playing  video  games),  this  panel  aims  to  serve  as  a  springboard  for  scholarly  debate  on  the  topic.    The  panel  will  promote  understanding  among  leisure  scholars  and  practitioners  with  regard  to  the  centrality  of  technology  in  the  field  of  leisure  studies  and   the  essentiality  of   studying   the  various  roles  and   impacts   technology  has  on   individuals  and  communities,  as  well  as  on   the   leisure  sector  and  its  services.  

University  of  South  Alabama,  United-­‐States      

 Benjamin  Hickerson  

The  use  of  videogames  to  support  other  leisure  activities    

Videogames  have  become  a  ubiquitous  form  of  leisure  in  many  civilizations.  In  2012,  consumers  from  the  United-­‐States  spent  over  $20  billion  USD  on  videogames,  accessories,  and  consoles.  As  the  industry  evolves,  videogames  have  left  arcades  and  homes  and  now  travel  with  us  through  laptop  computers  and  mobile  devices.  Portability  allows  virtual  leisure  to  transcend  boundaries  of  time  and  structure,  but  this  can  potentially  supplement  or  constrain  our  experiences.  This  paper  will  discuss  the  use  of  videogames  to  support  other  leisure  activities  (e.g.,  a  virtual  practice  space  for  sports)  and  provide  leisure  in  fragmented  periods  such  as  childcare  and  waiting  patterns.  The  pursuit  of  videogames  as  leisure  will  also  be  discussed.  Researchers  have  found  that  videogames  can  improve  visual  selective  attention,  relieve  stress,  serve  as  a  foundation  for  learning,  promote  prosocial  behaviors,  and  offer  endless  intervention  opportunities.  However,  violent  exposures  through  videogame  play  and  the  potential  of  addictive  play  patterns  must  also  be  considered.  The  collective  time  spent  playing  videogames  illustrates  the  need  for  studying  this  activity.  We  as  researchers  and  practitioners  must  discuss  the  outcomes  of  videogame  play  and  the  implications  for  contemporary  leisure.  Panel  on  The  roles  technology  plays  in  twenty-­‐first  century  leisure  

Pennsylvania  State  University,  United-­‐States    

 GloverTroy;  Parry,  Diana  C  

The  More  We  Get  Together:  Online  Social  Networking  and  Access  to  Social  Capital      

This   contribution   to   the   panel   discussion   on   the   roles   technology   plays   in   Twenty-­‐first   Century   leisure   examines   how   members   of   social  networking   sites   leverage   their   leisure-­‐based   community   networks   to   access   social   capital   for   purposive   actions.   In   so   doing,   it   responds   to  questions   about   the   utility   of   online   interactions   in   building   social   capital.   Drawing   on   data   collected   from  members   of  Momstown.ca,   a   social  networking  site  for  mothers  with  young  children,  the  presentation  will  demonstrate  how  social  networking  sites,  used  in  tandem  with  face-­‐to-­‐face  interactions,  serve  as  a  “sphere  of  sociability”  that  enables  its  members  to  build  meaningful  friendships  through  leisure-­‐oriented  bonding,  bridging,  and  linking  activities.  The  relationships  built  within  these  contexts  assist  network  members  in  getting  by,  getting  ahead,  and  sometimes  getting  left  behind.  In  this  sense,  the  presentation  will  focus  on  both  the  benefits  and  costs  of  social  capital  built  through  online  social  networking  contexts.  It  will   also   underscore   the   role   of   online   social   networking   in   building   durable   social   networks,   something   crucial   to   the   ongoing   accessibility   of  social  capital  within  social  networks  and  a  question  that  persists  about  the  seeming  liminality  of  leisure  and  its  role  in  building  social  capital.                  Panel  on  The  roles  technology  plays  in  twenty-­‐first  century  leisure

University of Waterloo, Canada  

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Nimrod,Galit;  ,    

Understanding  the  roles  of  technology  in  contemporary  leisure:  A  conceptual  framework      

Over   the   past   two   decades,   numerous   studies   have   explored   various   psychological,   sociological   and   cultural   aspects   of   technology-­‐based  activities.  More  general  discussions  of   the  technological   trends   in   leisure,  however,  are  rare.  While  most   leisure  scholars  agree  that  technology  affects  the  amount  of  free  time  that  people  have  and  what  they  do  with  it,  an  in-­‐depth  discussion  of  the  positive  and  negative  effects  of  technology  on  leisure  is  missing  from  our  literature.  This   paper   seeks   to   provide   a   conceptual   framework   for   understanding   the   various   roles   technology   plays   in   twenty-­‐first   century   leisure.   It  contends  that  under  current  technological  realities,  leisure  technologies  can  play  three  different  roles  –  as  an  instrument  supporting  participation  in  leisure  activities  and  deriving  benefit  from  them,  as  an  activity  in  itself  and  –  in  a  somewhat  negative  role  –  as  a  constraint  to  leisure.    The   paper   discusses   each   of   these   roles.   Differentiating   between   “low”   technology   and   “high”   technology   (i.e.,   computer-­‐based),   it   also  demonstrates   the  various   roles  and  underscores   the   rationale   for   referring   to   the   type  of   technology  when   studying   the  associations  between  technology  and  leisure  in  contemporary  realities.  Rather  than  providing  answers,  this  paper  outlines  the  type  of  questions  leisure  researchers  and  practitioners  should  ask  in  an  increasingly  technological  world.  Panel  on  The  roles  technology  plays  in  twenty-­‐first  century  leisure  

Ben-­‐Gurion  University  of  the  Negev,  Israel  

Minton,  David  

Disruptive  Sports  Technology  

Disruptive   technology   has   transformed   the  way  we   think   about   and   consume  music,   publishing,   transport,   accommodation   and   data   storage.  Disruptive  innovation  helps  build  new  markets  and  new  sports  tracking  apps  have  built  a  global  audience  of  over  100  million.  This  session  will  update  the  presentation  given  at  WLC  2012  in  Rimini  on  the  then  fledgling  swimming  app  in  the  UK  which  is  now  on  a  global  roll  out  to  include  160  counties  by  Rio  2016.  The  session  will  also  show  how  WLC  2012  attendees  are  helping  in  this  expansion,  how  swimming  pool,  leisure  centre  and   fitness   centre   operators  moved   from   pdfs   to   live   timetabling   free   of   charge   and   how   the   consumer   use   the   new   technology   to   fit   their  lifestyle.  Wearable  technology  means  the  consumer  takes  control  of  monitoring  their  activity  and  underscores  interest  in  the  'quantified  self'  so  the  opportunity   to  swim  virtually  against  Michael  Phelps   is  now  a  reality.  The  session  will  also  show  how  aggregating  big  data  collected   from  250,000  swimmers  every  week  can  help  planners,  programming,  pricing  policy  and  sponsors.      Professional  Oral  

The  Leisure  Database  Company,  United  Kingdom  

Smith,  Travis  

PRORAGIS:  Improving  Parks  and  Recreation  Efficiency  

The   Park   and   Recreation   Operating   Ratio   &   Geographic   Information   System   (PRORAGIS)   provides   parks   and   recreation   professionals   with   a  powerful   tool   to   analyze   their   agencies   and   programs.     PRORAGIS   captures   parks   and   recreation   benchmarking   data,   allowing   comparative  analysis   to   other   agencies   across   the   country   and   comparison   to   national   aggregate   data.     PRORAGIS   also   offers   powerful   GIS   analysis   tools,  allowing   parks   and   recreation   planners   to   analyze   their   facilities   in   relation   to   current   socioeconomic   data   from   their   communities   to  more  effectively  plan   facilities   and  programming.    As  part   of   PRORAGIS,  NRPA   is   currently  developing   tools   that  will   allow  park   advocates   to  more  accurately  assess   the  value  of   their   facilities.    These   improved  estimates,  which   include  often  neglected  variables  such  as  economic   impacts  of  storm  water  mitigation,   cost   savings  of  public  health   improvement,  and  value  of  youth  crime  reduction,  will   allow  park  advocates  and  elected  officials  to  more  clearly  realize  the  overall  economic  impact  of  a  park  or  recreation  program  beyond  the  assessed  value  of  the  real  estate.    Taken  together,   NRPA’s   PRORAGIS   offers   a   wealth   of   data   that   allows   agencies   to   improve   themselves   based   on   comparative   analysis   and   the  information  needed  to  more  clearly  state  their  importance  to  their  communities.              Professional  Oral  

National  Recreation  and  Park  Association,  United-­‐States  

Viñals,  Ana;  Cuena,  Manuel;  Cuenca,  Jaime    

E-­‐leisure  of  the  Spanish  Youth:  Enhancing  Human  Development?    

The  fast  development  of  ICT  in  general,  and  very  particularly  the  Internet,  in  the  last  decades  has  radically  changed  the  way  in  which  youth  experiences  leisure.  New  leisure  activities  emerge,  and  many  existing  ones  are  going  partially  of  completely  online.  The  main  Internet  use  motivations  for  the  Spanish  youth  are  communicating,  socializing  and  getting  entertained.  Their  e-­‐leisure,  thus,  is  developed  within  a  frame  of  Communication  and  Information  (ICT),  but  ignoring  the  possibilities  of  the  Internet  as  a  space  for  Learning  and  Knowledge  (LKT)  or  as  a  tool  for  enhancing  civic  Empowerment  and  Participation  (EPT).    Basing  on  a  vast  array  of  empirical  studies  on  leisure,  Spanish  youth  and  the  Internet,  this  paper  aims  at  analyzing  e-­‐leisure  activities  of  young  Spaniards  (between  16  and  18)  and  contributing  a  critical  appraisal  of  the  Internet  use  of  this  cohort  in  the  light  of  the  full  potential  of  leisure  in  the  Web.  The  relevance  of  education  for  enhancing  human  development  through  online  leisure  will  be  supported.  This  paper  is  part  of  a  research  project  funded  by  the  Spanish  Government  (EDU2012-­‐39080-­‐C07-­‐03).    Scientific  Oral  

Institute  of  Leisure  Studies,  University  of  Deusto,  Spain  

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Wu,  I-­‐Chun  Nicky;  Caneday,  Lowell;  Hawthorne,  Doug;  Chang,  Grace.  

Spatial  Inventory  for  Managing  a  State  Park  System  

Recent  trends  in  reduced  funding  for  public  recreation  agencies  demand  efficient,  accurate,  and  up-­‐to-­‐date  practice  in  planning  and  management.  In   compliance  with   the  National  Environmental  Policy  Act   (NEPA)  and   to   ensure  public  health   and   safety,   park  managers   seek   to  protect   and  manage  valuable  physical,  biological  and  cultural  resources  while  providing  easy  access  to  a  wide  variety  of  outdoor  recreational  opportunities.  With  these  missions  in  mind,  there  has  been  a  need  for  updated  park  property  inventory  and  effective  tools/models  for  better  management  and  planning  decision-­‐making.  Utilizing  geospatial  technology  (e.g.,  Global  Positioning  System  (GPS),  remote  sensing,  Geographic  Information  System  (GIS),  and  online  mapping),  Oklahoma  Tourism  and  Recreation  Department  (OTRD)  has  developed  a  spatial  inventory  to  efficiently  and  effectively  manage  its  state  park  system  with  accurate  and  up-­‐to-­‐date  property  data.  The  session  introduces  the  concept  and  process  of  its  implementation  and   utilization   including   software   and   hardware/equipment   selection   and   use,   data   dictionary   development,   GPS   crew   training,   field   data  collection,  data  transformation  and  storage,  LiDAR  data  acquisition,  and  data  visualization  and  presentation.  Budgeting  and  executive  timeline  for  this  management  practice  are  also  discussed.  Demonstration  of  the  spatial  inventory  and  problem  solving  exercise  provide  experience  duplicable  at  your  agency.  Professional  Oral  

Oklahoma  State  University,  United-­‐States  and  National  Chiayi  University,  Taiwan.  

Environmental  Stewardship  

Coates,  Tom    

Preparing  Students  to  be  Future  National  Park  Advocates  

The  youth  of   today  are  becoming   increasing  disconnected   from  nature  and  as  a   result   see   less  value   in  natural   setting  and  experiences   in   the  outdoors.      One  of  the  best  known  public  settings  for  outdoor  leisure  experiences  in  the  United-­‐States  is  within  units  of  the  National  Park  Service  yet  even  this  international  recognized  leader  in  natural  preservation  for  public  use  is  faced  with  declining  relevance  in  our  society.    This  decline  in  relevance  is  especially  alarming  because  of  its  appearance  in  our  younger  population.This  presentation  will  provide  attendees  with  information  on  a  university  educational   initiative  which  promotes  student   involvement   in  educational  and  service  experiences  within  units  of   the  National  Park  Service.    Specifically,   this  educational   initiative   is  designed  to   increase  student  awareness  of   the  mission  of   the  National  Park  Service  and  outdoor   leisure   opportunities   provided   by   this   public   land   management   agency.     Presentation   focus   will   be   given   to   program   design   and  implementation,  educational  objectives,  service  projects  completed,  and  program  outcomes  as  reflected  in  student  evaluations.    The  end  result  of  student  participation  in  this  educational  initiative  is  a  better  educated  segment  of  society  who  can  advocate  for  the  National  Park  Service.    

Professional  Oral  

University  of  North  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

Greaves,  Ginger;  Cordes,  Kathy  ;  Romero,  Guy;  Bell,  Carole  

"No  Child  Left  Inside  -­‐  Empowering  Today's  Youth  to  Become  the  Next  Generation  of  Envrionrmental  Stewards    

How   a   local   "nature   education"   non-­‐profit   developed   an   innovative,   collaborative   series   of   education   programs   for   youth   in   grades   3   -­‐   12   to  empower  youth  towards  environmental  stewardship.    Today’s   children   are   the   first   generation   to   grow   up   plugged   into   electronic  media   (average   of   9   hrs/day)   and   isolated   from  nature   and   the  natural  world.  Why  do  we  even  need  to  say  something  that  seems  so  obvious?  In  the  past  20  to  30  years,  without  most  of  us  realizing  what  was  happening,  lifestyle  changes  have  accumulated  with  powerful  and  pervasive  detrimental  effects  on  children,  let  alone  how  tis  isolation  is  affecting  their   attitude   and   experiences   in   the  natural  world.    Obesity,   Attention  Deficit  Disorder,   impaired   social   skills   and   even  what   some,   including  Richard  Louv,  are  calling  a  “culture  of  depression”  are  adding  to  the  stress  levels  and  severely  impacting  our  young.    To  inspire  and  empower  this  generation  to  become  environmental  stewards  and  to  prevent  a  growing  trend  of  what  is  being  described  as  “nature  deficit  disorder”,  it  is  critical  to  reconnect  children  to   the  natural  world,  and  help  them  to   learn  about  nature,  open  space  wildlife,  outdoor  science  and  what   they  can  do  to  make  a  difference,  for  their  own  lives  and  for  the  environment.  Our  presentation  will  reveal  how  we  developed  a  collaborative  multi-­‐year  program  with  open  space  properties  and  agencies,  county  parks,  school  districts   and   university   that   created   an   "environmental   education   pathway"   resulting   in   environmental   literacy,   habitat   restoration,   and  environmental-­‐sector  career  goals  for  our  youth.      Professional  Oral  

The  Nature  Education  Foundation  at  the  Santa  Rosa  Plateau  and  State  Department  of  Fish  and  Game,  United-­‐States  

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Parker,  Pete    

Management  Preferences  Of  Mount  Royal  Park  Users  In  The  Context  Of  Visitor  Motivations,  Environmental  Value  Orientations,  And  Recreation  Specialization  

Urban  parks  provide  a  variety  of  social,  environmental,  and  economic  well-­‐being  benefits  to  the  cities  in  which  they  are  found.  Mount  Royal  Park  is  an  iconic  park  in  the  heart  of  Montreal  that  attracts  over  three  million  visitors  each  year.  Trying  to  satisfy  the  different  types  of  park  users  and  their  various  management  preferences   is  extremely  difficult.  The  objectives  of   this   research  were  1)   to  create  a   typology  of  Mount  Royal  Park  visitors   based   on   motivations   for   visiting,   environmental   value   orientations,   and   levels   of   recreation   specialization   and   2)   to   assess   the  relationships   between   this   visitor   typology   and   their  management   preferences.  On-­‐site   survey   results   indicate   identified   sources   of   park  user  conflicts  in  management  preferences  and  provides  a  baseline  for  future  visitor  preference  research  at  urban  parks  and  more  specifically  at  Mount  Royal  Park.  

Scientific  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

 

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Health  and  Wellness  

Albrechtsen,  Steven  

Achieving  Active  Leisure  and  Healthy  Lifestyles  through  Interdisciplinary  Strategies  

Lifestyles   in   the   new   millennium   are   supported   by   increasingly   powerful   and   prolific   technology.     Physical   activity   in   our   daily   lives   has  diminished,   inactive   forms   of   leisure   have   proliferated,   and   we   are   overwhelmed   by   a   pandemic   of   sedentary   lifestyle   disease.     What   can  recreation  and  leisure  professionals  do  to  promote  active  leisure  and  healthy  lifestyles?    The  problem  is  not  knowledge;  students  learn  in  school  about  the  “Who?”  “What?”  and  “Why?”  of  physical  activity  and  healthy  lifestyles  in  physical  education  and  health  education.    Most  people  know  they  should  exercise,  eat  a  healthy  diet,  not  smoke  cigarettes  or  engage   in  other  unhealthy  behaviors.    Beyond  school,   these  components  of  an  active  and  healthy  lifestyle  involve  leisure  choices.    Our  increasingly  sedentary  lifestyles  cannot  be  overcome  by  physical  education  and/or  health  education  in  isolation  without  leisure  education,  facilities  and  programs.    People  need  to  learn  how  to  make  appropriate  leisure  choices  to  achieve  active   and   healthy   lifestyles.     Leisure   education   needs   to   teach   the   “How?”   –   How   to   include   active   and   healthy   choices   in   leisure   activities.    Recreation  and  leisure  professionals,  in  providing  parks,  recreation  and  leisure  opportunities,  have  an  important  role  to  support  and  encourage  active  leisure  and  healthy  lifestyles.    The  interaction  of  physical  education,  health  education  and  leisure  education  is  physical  activity  to  promote  health  that  we  do  in  our  leisure  time.    Integrating  leisure  education  with  physical  education  and  health  education  will  successfully  facilitate  active  leisure  and  healthy  lifestyles  throughout  the  lifespan  and  around  the  world.  

Professional  oral  

University  of  Wisconsin,  United-­‐States  

Banks,  Aaron;  Reimann,  Kathy    

Wellbeing  &  the  Undergraduate:  An  oxymoron  or  reality?  

Colleges  across   the  country  are   incorporating  wellbeing   into   the  curriculum  because   it  educates  and  empowers   the  community   to  be  balanced  individuals,  equipped  to  thrive  and  meet  the  challenges  they  will  face  in  the  world.  There  is  strong  evidence  to  suggest  that  the  physical  wellbeing  of  college  students  in  the  U.S.  is  in  jeopardy  because  of  sedentary  lifestyles,  obesity,  and  the  fact  that  less  leisure  time  is  provided  for  physically  active  pursuits.  In  addition,  college  students  tend  to  dismiss  eating  the  recommended  amount  of  fruits  and  vegetables  needed  for  a  well  balanced  diet.  Finally,  college  students  are  consumed  with  balancing  proper  sleeping  patterns  with  the  rigors  of  every  day  life.  The  purpose  of  this  research  study  was  to  examine  the  physical  wellbeing  of  undergraduates  through  a  self-­‐assessment  survey.  Specifically,  questions  were  asked  regarding  student’s  leisure  patterns,  physical  activity,  nutrition,  and  sleep  habits,  all  of  which  are  learning  outcomes  for  the  physical  dimension  of  wellbeing.  This  research  project  was  conducted  at  a  private,  liberal  arts  institution  in  the  mid-­‐western  United-­‐States.    An  IRB  approved  23-­‐question  survey  was  developed  that  assessed  physical  activity,  nutrition,  and  sleep  patterns.    620  surveys  were  collected  from  students  enrolled  in  activity  and  fitness   classes  within   the  Basic   Instruction   Program  during   the   spring   semester   of   2013.     Initial   analysis   suggests   that   the   top   three   areas   of  wellbeing  were   physical,   emotional,   and   relational.     Interpretation   of   the   data  will   examine  ways   in  which   leisure   education  may   be   used   to  address  the  needs  of  college  students  in  the  U.S.      

Scientific  Oral  

Gustavus  Adolphus  College,  United-­‐States  

  44  

Barak,  Karen  

Promoting  Healthy  Lifestyles  through  Geocaching:  Let’s  Play  Hide  and  Seek!  

Are  you   looking   for  a  program  that  promotes  activity,  outdoors,   socialization   for   families  and   friends,   requires   few  resources,  and  can  provide  physical  and/or  mental  challenge?  Then  perhaps  geocaching  would  be  the  perfect  program  to  implement!  Described  as  the  world’s  largest  game  of  hide  and  seek,  geocaching  can  be  organized  for  a  wide  spectrum  of  participants  whether  they  be  children,  adults,  seniors,  individuals,  families,  friends,  or  community  groups.  Geocaching  activities  can  be  planned  utilizing  accessible  or  difficult  terrain,  complicated  or  simple  hiding  places,  and  harbor  treasures  or  souvenirs  for  participants.  Participants  can  use  their  existing  smart  phone  and  a  free  app  or  a  handheld  GPS  unit  to  find  hidden  items  called  caches.  Make  use  of  the  millions  of  already  hidden  caches  found  everywhere  or  hide  a  few  of  your  own  if  you  want  something  special.   Come   to   this   session   to   find   out   how   you  might   promote   healthy   outdoor   activity  with   your   groups   through   geocaching!   An   optional  geocaching  excursion  will  be  offered  for  attendees.  

Professional  oral  

University  of  Wisconsin  -­‐  Whitewater,  United-­‐States  

Bargema,  Bertine  

Vacation  in  a  care  hotel:  a  social  practice  approach.  

Care  hotels  offer  an  exceptional  combination  of  privacy,  service  and  hospitality,  with  their  ability  to  provide  24  hour  care.  The  aim  of  this  paper  is  to  identify  successful  and  less  successful  (sub)  practices  in  care  hotels.  As  the  care  sector  has  undergone  a  shift  from  a  supply-­‐led  to  a  demand-­‐led  environment,  care  hotels  need  to  discover  what  their  guests  want  in  order  to  identify  opportunities,  and  make  adjustments  that  can  improve  the  service  they  offer.  The  best  way  to  analyze  the  care  hotel  practice  is  by  investigating  how  supply  and  demand  interact  at  the  point  of  consumption;  during  the  vacation  in  a  care  hotel  where  guest  and  provider  meet  each  other  in  a  specific  context.  The  Social  Practices  Approach  (SPA)  seems  to  offer   added   insights   into   the   operation   of   emerging   hybrid   business   models   such   as   care   hotels   (see   Spaargaren   1997;   Verbeek   2009).    Because  care  hotels  aim  to  attract  guests  by  their  health-­‐care  services  and  leisure  amenities,  this  study  will  focus  on  the  interaction  junctions  in  their  care  and  leisure  (sub)  practices.  To  gain  understanding  of  these  practices  interviews  were  held  with  managers,  guests  and  experts  in  five  care  hotels  in  the  Netherlands.  Based  on  these  qualitative  data  we  will  discuss  successful  and  less  successful  (sub)  practices  of  care  hotels  while  focusing  on  the  interaction  between  guests  and  personnel.  The  paper  concludes  by  providing  recommendations  for  care  hotels  on  the  basis  of  the  results  and  a  reflection  on  the  Social  Practice  Approach  as  theoretical  framework  to  study  these  practices.  

Scientific  Oral  

Tilburg  University  /  Department  of  Leisure  Studies,  Netherlands  

Berdychevsky,  Liza;  Gibson,  Heather  

Health,  Risk,  and  Sexual  Behavior:  Facilitating  and  Inhibiting  Factors  of  Young  Women’s  Sexual  Risk-­‐Taking  in  Tourism  

Tourist  experiences  have  been  explored  as  liminoid,  heterotopic,  contra-­‐normative,  anonymous  contexts  allowing  for  relative  sexual  freedom  and  subdued  sexual  double  standards.  The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  explore  young  women’s  perceptions  of  the  factors  facilitating  and/or  inhibiting  sexual  risk-­‐taking  in  tourism.  A  sequential  qualitative-­‐quantitative  mixed  methods  design  was  implemented.  The  focus  here  is  on  the  quantitative  findings.  The  quantitative  data  were  collected  through  an  online  survey  (N=853,  mean  age–23.5).  Participants  were  presented  with  a  list  of  the  touristic  characteristics  facilitating  and/or  inhibiting  sexual  risk-­‐taking  in  tourism  drawn  from  the  qualitative  phase.  The  highest  rated  facilitators  were  alcohol  consumption,  party  scene,  detachment  from  everyday  norms,  break-­‐loose  mood,  increased  sexual  confidence,  abundant  leisure-­‐time,  and  a  scene  where  revealing  clothing  is  appropriate.  The  most  important  inhibitors  of  sexual  risk-­‐taking  in  tourism  were  having  a  steady  relationship  at  home,  judgmental  trip  partners,  and  being  in  a  country  with  strict  religious  beliefs.  Participants  were  grouped  into  five  clusters  based  on  their  factor  analyzed  perceptions  of,  and  motivations  for,  sexual  risk-­‐taking  in  tourism.  Significant  differences  among  women  in  the  various  clusters  were  found  based  on  their  perceptions  of  each  of  the  aforementioned  facilitating/inhibiting  factors.  These  findings  suggest  different  levels  of  women’s  susceptibility  to  various  factors  facilitating/inhibiting  sexual  risk-­‐taking  in  tourism,  depending  on  their  perceptions  and  motivations.  The  elucidation  of  women’s  sexual  risk-­‐taking  in  tourism  contributes  to  a  theoretical  understanding  of  various  facets  of  leisure  tourist  experiences  and  provides  practical  directions  for  health  programs  and/or  information  campaigns  aimed  at  addressing  sexual  risk  behaviors  in  tourism.  Scientific  Oral  

Department  of  Recreation,  Sport  and  Tourism,  University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-­‐Champaign,  Department  of  Tourism,  Recreation  and  Sport  Management,  University  of  Florida,  United  States  

  45  

Brunet,  Isabelle    

Cancer  and  leisure’s  role  on  family  resilience:  a  scoping  review  

In  Canada,  we  estimate  that  29%  of  men  and  24%  of  women  will  die  from  cancer  and  that  two  Canadians  out  of  five  will  develop  a  type  of  cancer  during  their  life.  Although  treatment  research  has  evolved  in  the  past  decades,  the  diagnosis  of  the  disease  and  the  weeks  or  months  that  follow  this  diagnosis  often  have  a  traumatic  effect  on  patients  and  their  family.  There  are  many  studies  on  the  impacts  of  this  disease  on  the  patients,  their   spouse   and   children,   but   very   little   attention   has   been   devoted   to   the   impacts   of   cancer   on   family   dynamics.   Despite   our   better  understanding  of  the  adverse  effects  of  the  disease  on  a  physical  and  psychological  level,  we  still  know  very  little  on  the  concept  of  resilience  and  how  it  affects  families  when  a  loved  one  suffers  from  cancer.  Resilience,  defined  as  an  individual’s  or  a  group’s  capacity  to  bounce  back  and  grow  due  to  a  shock,  should  however  be  regarded  as  an  important  element   in   the   field   of   oncology   treatment.   Several   researches   in   leisure   studies   have   explored   similar   concepts,   such   as   coping   (e.g.   Iwasaki,  2005).  Yet  very  little  research  seems  to  have  been  made  on  leisure’s  role  in  the  development  of  family  resilience.  The  proposed  presentation  will  act  as  a  scoping  review,  combining  the  fields  of  leisure  studies,  resilience,  family  dynamics  and  oncology  to  determine  if  leisure  can  be  considered  as  a  protective  factor  for  family  resilience  in  cases  of  parental  cancer.  Scientific  Oral  

Université  du  Québec  à  Trois-­‐Rivières,  Canada  

Chen,  Hsin-­‐Yu;  Yarnal,  Careen    

Exploring  U.S.  college  students’  perceptions  of  health-­‐related  lifestyles  

Adopting  a  qualitative  approach,  this  study  explored  health-­‐related  lifestyles  among  a  sample  of  U.S.  college  students.  Data  was  collected  in  2014  from   students’   final   papers   in   a   general   education   class   on   Leisure   and   Human   Behavior   (n=111).    Results  revealed  that  for  the  majority  of  students,  college  life  is  a  transition  not  only  in  living  environment  but  also  towards  emerging  adulthood.  These  major  lifestyle  changes  decrease  the  amount  of  physical  activity  and  increase  unhealthy  diet  habits  and  substance  use.  Decrease  in  physical  activities  resulted  from  no  longer  participating  in  sport  teams,  fees  and  limited  access  to  facilities,  no  friends,  and  involvement  in  other  activities.  Diet  habits  changed  due  to  a  lack  of  time  and  facilities  to  prepare  a  meal,  lack  of  choices,  and  fast-­‐paced  lifestyle.  Increasing  substance  use  was  due  to  the  perceptions  that  substance  use,  particularly  drinking,  is  the  norm  in  college  and  contributes  to  college  experiences.  Some  students  shared  that  drinking  serves  as  a  fun,  pleasurable  leisure  activity,  a  form  of  play,  a  stress  reliever,  a  reward  for  hard  work,  social  development  for  meeting  friends,  and  for  learning  interpersonal  skills.  Others  shared  that  drinking  and  substance  use  is  “borrowing  happiness  from  the  future”  because  you  are  happy  in  the  moment,  but  then  unhappy  due  to  feeling  regret  or  later  health  issues.  Many  students  showed  desire  to  change  their  lifestyles  to  be  healthier  after  completing  the  class.  Findings  can  be  used  for  practical  implications,  such  as  helping  to  encourage  health  lifestyles  and  developing  suitable  health  promotion  programs  for  college  students.  Scientific  Oral  

Department  of  Recreation,  Park  and  Tourism  Management,  The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Cho,  Dongwook;  Velasco,  Pedro  

Leisure  Constraints  in  Corporate  Recreation:  Participation  of  College  Students  in  Competitive  Intramural  Activities  

Within  the  many  different  areas  of  recreation  delivery,  corporate  recreation  in  its  more  specific  form  of  college  intramural  recreation,  deals  with  creating  programs  that  are  all  inclusive.  Higher  education  institutions  are  faced  with  diminishing  healthy  lifestyles  of  their  community  members.  Many   campuses   are   now   instituting   leisure   programs   to   improve   students’   general   quality   of   life.   Among   these   programs,   intramural   sports  activities   have   long   been   part   of   the   organized   recreational   programs.   However,   higher   education   institutions   require   an   understanding   of  elements  that  affect  participation  of  students  in  intramural  activities.  This  research  explores  constraints  faced  by  a  sample  representative  of  the  general   population   of   college   students   at   a   higher   education   institution   in   the   south-­‐central   region   of   the   United-­‐States.   The   study   uses   an  instrument   developed   by   the   researcher   based   on   the   three   major   types   of   leisure   constraints   identified   by   previous   research   in   the   field:  intrapersonal,  interpersonal,  and  structural.  The  results  of  the  study  indicate  the  most  common  constraints  to  student  participation  in  intramural  sports.  Additionally,   the   researchers  discuss  methods   to   improve  participation  based  on   the  observed   constraints   and  propose  other   research  opportunities  that  surfaced  from  the  results.    

Scientific  Oral  

Oklahoma  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  46  

Darabos,  Ferenc;  Ivancsó-­‐Horváth,  Zsuzsanna;  Charomar  João  António.  

The  trends  of  wellness  tourism  and  its  current  challenges  in  Hungary  

The  elements  of  wellness  services  in  tourism  are  the  water-­‐related  aerobic,  fitness  programs,  thermal  waters,  the  supplied  sauna  services  ranging  from  traditional  to  infra-­‐sauna,  various  types  of  massage  and  yoga.  Wellness  treatments  are  very  often  linked  to  one  or  more  sports.  Nowadays  considerable  global  problems  overload  the  functioning  mechanism  of  the  living  globe  and  Hungary  is  not  exempted  from  feeling  the  impact  of  these  problems.  In  the  process  of  our  research  we  were  interested  in  finding  out  under  which  parameters  wellness  can  be  really  pursued  in  a  sustainable  way.  In  the  Hungarian  domestic  tourism  the  weekend  vacations  of  up  to  2-­‐3  days  have  a  significant  role.  The  system  of  vacation  cheques  makes  it  possible  and  encourages  people  to  spend  their  scarce  free  time  within  a  framework  of  practical  regeneration  scheme  with  active  content.  However,  the  health-­‐conscious  behaviour  influences  our  whole  life  and  not  only  the  period  of  our  free-­‐time  activities.  So,  those  whose  life-­‐philosophy  is  to  lead  a  health-­‐conscious  life  cannot  separate  the  behaviour  of  a  tourist  from  that  of  an  ordinary  person.  Our  assumption  is  that  wellness  cannot  be  efficiently  pursued  if  there  is  a  contradiction  between  our  concept  of  life  for  our  everyday  life  and  for  our  free  time.  We  have  asked  our  tourists  about  what  they  think  about  the  hypothesis  above.  We  also  asked  if  they  made  efforts  to  lead  a  healthy  life-­‐style  in  their  everyday  life  and  while  on  vacations  what  kind  of  services  they  demanded  and  why.    Scientific  Poster  

University  of  West  Hungary,  Hungary  

de  Graaf,  John;  O'Keefe,  Cathy    

The  Great  Vacation  Squeeze:  Film  Screening  And  Conversation  

THE  GREAT  VACATION  SQUEEZE  is  a  new  television  documentary  by  John  de  Graaf,  the  director  of  the  acclaimed  AFFLUENZA  and  RUNNING  OUT  OF   TIME.     The   30-­‐minute   documentary   explains  why   Americans   have   among   the   shortest   vacations   in   the  world,   and  why   vacations  matter,  especially   for   health,   family   bonding,   the   environment,   creativity   and   productivity.     The   program   features   travel  writer   Rick   Steves   and  well  known  Yosemite  ranger  Shelton  Johnson.    It  was  shot  in  Yosemite,  the  Seattle  area  and  Europe.    this  workshop  includes  a  screening  of  the  film  and  a  short  presentation  on  what  Take  Back  Your  Time  has  been  doing  to  support  vacation  legislation  in  the  United-­‐States,   followed  by  substantial  group  discussion.    The  length  of  the  workshop  is  75  and  could  be  included  in  several  track  areas,  though  since  we  were  required  to  pick  one,  we  chose   health   and  wellness.     Presenters   include   director/writer   John  de  Graaf   and   recreation   professor   Cathy  O'Keefe.     A   film  description   and  scholarly   reviews   can   be   found   at:     http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/gvac.html       This  will   be   a   highly   engaging,   generally   non-­‐academic  presentation.  

Professional  oral  

Take  Back  Your  Time,  University  of  South  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

Dong  Erwei;  Arakawa,  Masashi    

A  Cross-­‐cultural  Study  on  Leisure  Lifestyle  and  Health-­‐Evidence  from  Okinawa,  Japan  

Limited  previous  research  on  leisure  (both  active  and  passive  leisure)  investigated  how  leisure  activities  impact  people’s  health  in  cross-­‐cultural  settings  and  there  is  no  research  on  exploring  relationships  between  leisure  activities,  leisure  constraints,  and  health.  A  total  of  250  questionnaires  are  collected  at  the  end  of  a  two-­‐week  data  collection  period  in  an  aging  village  in  Okinawa,  Japan.    Average  age  of  the  samples  is  71.10  year  old  with  53.6  percent  male  participants.  This  study  confirmed  that  leisure  lifestyle  (leisure  activities  and  leisure  constraints)  impacts  physical  and  mental  health.  Leisure  lifestyle  has  positive  outcomes  that  improve  well-­‐being,  happiness,  and  reduce  stress.  In  addition,  socioeconomic  status  (SES)  has  no  impact  on  health,  however,  only  age  and  education  level  were  moderately  related  to  leisure  lifestyle  including  leisure  activities  and  leisure  constraints.    This  study  contributes  to  understandings  of  the  relationship  between  leisure  lifestyle,  health,  and  SES  cross-­‐culturally.      Professional  Oral  

University  of  South  Alabama,  United  States;  University  of  the  Ryukyus,  Japan  

  47  

Fleming,  Kristine    

Establishing  healthy,  sustainable  communities:  The  health  benefits  of  social  capital    

Although  social  capital  emerged  as  a  contemporary  concept  throughout  the  1980s,  the  foundation  of  social  capital,  established  as  the  importance  of  social  connections  and  community  membership,  was  first  acknowledged  during  the  19th  Century.  Within  the  last  two  decades,  research  related  to   social   capital   and   health   has   rapidly   emerged   to   identify   significant   associations   related   to   individual   and   community   health   issues   and  behaviors.  More  specifically,  the  health  literature  related  to  social  capital  has  expanded  to  include  research  related  to  physical,  mental,  and  self-­‐rated  health  as  well  as  all-­‐cause  mortality.  In  some  cases,  social  capital  has  been  associated  as  a  protective  factor  against  diabetes  and  obesity  as  well   as   lower   levels   of   depression.   Furthermore,   higher   levels   of   happiness   and   wellbeing   have   been   reported   amongst   communities   that  encourage   social   participation   and   minimize   social   isolation   amongst   members.   Additionally,   communities   with   increased   levels   of   social  participation  and  membership  tend  to  report  better  self-­‐rated  health  and  lower  rates  of  all-­‐cause  mortality.  While  much  of  the  health  literature  related  to  social  capital  continues  to  grow,  it  is  important  to  understand  the  role  of  social  connections  and  participation  in  establishing  healthy,  sustainable  communities.  

Scientific  Poster  

University  of  Northern  Iowa.  United-­‐States  

Kamper,  Despina  

Mobile  Phone  Use  And  Autonomic  Dysfunction  

In  the  last  decade  mobile  phone  usage  has  increased  dramatically  with  an  estimated  5  billion  mobile  phone  users  worldwide.  With  this  new  trend  comes  a  new  obsession.  Up  to  60%  of  users  are  unable  to  go  an  hour  without  checking  the  phone,  the  average  teenager  receives  over  3,000  text  messages  per  month,  and  most  experience  a  mild  panic  when  without  their  phone,  no  reception  or  when  low  on  battery.  A  new  obsession  termed  ‘nomophobia’  has  been  created  to  describe  these  behaviours.  In  this  review  we  look  at  the  research  investigating  the  effect  of  mobile  phone  usage  on   the   nervous   system   and   the   potential   impact   on   conditions   such   as   stress,   insomnia   and   anxiety.    We   investigate   the   association   between  psychosocial  aspects  of  phone  use  and  mental  health  symptoms.  How  is  it  that  individuals  find  it  difficult  to  ‘switch  off’  even  on  vacation?  Is  there  a  correlation  between  anxiety  and  mobile  phone  use?  Could  mobile  phone  dependence  distract  us  from  enjoying  life  to  its  capacity  and  be  mindful  of   our   surroundings.   The   evidence   is   showing   that   mobile   phone   use   not   only   creates   anxiety,   but   exacerbates   pre-­‐existing   mental   health  conditions,  especially  in  our  youth.  While  this  is  not  a  diagnosable  condition,  experts  are  debating  whether  it  should  be  included  in  our  diagnostic  manuals.   This   presentation   reviews   the   autonomic   nervous   system,   the   effects   of   mobile   devices   on   this   nervous   system   and   therapeutic  recommendations  to  limit  their  effects.  

Professional  oral  

Anxiety  Awareness,  Australia  

Kim,  Amy;  Kim,  Minjung  

Youth  sport  leagues  and  social  well-­‐being  at  community  level:  Network  formation  patterns  of  community  members  through  youth  sport  leagues  

The  National  Council  of  Youth  Sports  (2013)  estimate  that  more  than  60  million  children  participate  in  organized  youth  sports  with  more  than  200  public  organizations.  As  the  size  and  impact  of  youth  sports  have  grown  continuously,  several  studies  have  reported  that  youth  sports  are  socially  beneficial  for  children  (e.g.,  Small,  2002);  however,  no  studies  have  investigated  the  impact  of  youth  sport  leagues  on  social  well-­‐being  of  adults   as   community  members.   For   enhancing   social  well-­‐being  among   community  members,   a  high   level   of   cohesiveness   in   the   structures  of  members   is   crucial,   as   a   tightened   community   provides   a   higher   level   of   social   capital   to   inhabitants.   Nevertheless,   strongly   tightened  communities  do  not  always  guarantee  higher  social  well-­‐being  among  community  members.  As  Giuffre  (2014)  argued,  homogeneously  segregated  subgroups  may   affect   social  well-­‐being  of   community  members  negatively,   causing   a   sense  of   social   exclusion  or   social   segregation.  Hence,   in  order   to   investigate   youth   sport   leagues’   role   in   social   well-­‐being   development   in   communities,   this   study   empirically   investigates:   1)   the  evolution   of   cohesiveness   of   social   networks   of   parents   in   youth   sport   leagues   and   2)   the   existence   of   “homogeneous”   landscapes   of   social  networks   formed   through   youth   sport   leagues.   Social   network   analysis  was   employed   to   assess   cohesiveness   through   density,   and  Quadratic  Assignment  Procedure  correlation  was  employed  to  examine  the  existence  of  segregated  pattern  of  community  network  in  youth  sport  leagues  in  Southeast  region  of  the  United-­‐States.  Based  on  the  results,  this  study  discusses  strategies  to  better  manage  youth  sport  leagues  to  promote  social  well-­‐being  of  community  members  more  effectively.    

Scientific  Poster  

Florida  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  48  

Kim,  Jun;  Kim,  Junhyoung  

The  benefits  of  in-­‐group  contact  through  physical  activity  involvement  for  health  and  well-­‐being  among  Korean  immigrants  

This  qualitative  study  is  designed  to  examine  the  benefits  of  physical  activity  involvement  with  members  of  the  same  ethnic  group.  For  this  study,  Korean  immigrants  who  were  members  of  Korean  physical  activity  clubs  such  as  badminton  and  tennis  were  selected  as  participants.  Using  a  constructive  grounded  theory  methodology,  three  themes  were  identified  as  benefits  of  physical  activity  involvement:  (1)  the  experience  of  psychological  well-­‐being,  (2)  the  creation  of  a  unique  cultural  world,  and  (3)  the  facilitation  of  physical  activity  involvement.  The  findings  of  this  study  suggest  that  Korean  immigrant  participants  gained  various  social,  cultural,  and  psychological  benefits  by  engaging  in  activities  with  other  Korean  immigrants.  

Scientific  Oral  

Central  Michigan  University,  United-­‐States  

Lin,  Chung-­‐Hsien;  Lin,Chung-­‐Hsien  

Predictors  Of  Hot  Springs  Visitors’  Intentions  To  Revisit:  The  Case  Of  Taiwan  

Recently  increased  popular  hot  springs  destinations  in  Asian  countries  have  become  powerful  drivers  of  the  expansion  of  the  tourism  industry  (Choi,  Kim,  Lee  &  Hickerson,  2014).  However,   few  studies  seek   to   interpret  how  hot  springs  visitors’   intentions   to   revisit  develop   (Lin,  2012).  Therefore,   the  study’s  purpose  was  to  examine  a  conceptual  model   incorporating  the  hypothesized  relationships  among  self-­‐health  perception,  cuisine  experience,  psychological  well-­‐being,  perceived  value,  and  revisit   intention.  In  this  study,   individuals  who  are  18  years  of  age  and  older  visiting  the  Bei-­‐Tou  hot  springs  area  in  Taiwan  were  systematically  interviewed.  The  study  instrument  was  a  self-­‐administered  questionnaire  and  items   using   a   five-­‐point   Likert-­‐type   agreement   scale   developed   based   on   previous  works   (Gilbert   &   Abdullah,   2004;   Hjalager,   2003;   Petrick,  2004).   The   LISREL   8.72   software   was   utilized   to   test   the   proposed  model.   A   total   of   391   surveys   were   used.   The   results   indicated   that   the  structural   model   had   an   adequate   fit   (x2   =   312.00,   df   =   126,   p   <   0.001,   NNFI   =   0.95,   CFI   =   0.96,   RMSEA   =   0.08,   GFI   =   0.94,   SRMR   =   0.05).  Specifically,  self-­‐health  perception,  cuisine  experience,  psychological  well-­‐being,  and  perceived  value  are  crucial  predictors  of  visitors’  intentions  to  revisit.  We  found  that  for  the  hot  springs  visitors,  revisitation  was  influenced  by  their  desires  for    better  health,  happiness,  and  psychological  well-­‐being.   We   suggest   that   marketing   organizations   promoting   hot   springs   tourism   communicate   and   highlight   feelings   of   relaxation   and  enjoyment   from   hot   springs   activity   programs   and   develop   a   contented   and   welcoming   atmosphere   and   setting   that   provides   healthy   and  adjustable  cuisine  choices.  

Scientific  Poster  

Department  of  Land  Management,  Feng-­‐Chia  University,  Taiwan  

Maberry,  Steven;  Baker,  Birgitta    

Goal  Orientation,  Risky  Sexual  Behaviors,  and  Sport  Identities  

This   study   examined   the   intersection   between   the   leisure   activities   of   sport   and   sexual   activity.   Extant   literature   has   suggested   that   sport  participation   provides   a   buffer   against   risk   factors   such   as   risky   sexual   behavior,   particularly   for   women.   Additionally,   certain   sport-­‐related  identities  and  goal  orientations  are  associated  with  higher  rates  of  risky  behaviors.  Relationships  have  been  found  between  jock  identity  (Toxic  Jock   Theory)   and   both   ego   orientation   (Achievement   Goal   Theory)   and   risky   sexual   behaviors.   However,   no   study   has   been  published  which  combined  the  three  constructs  in  the  same  model.  Logistic  regression  was  used  to  test  if  achievement  goal  theory  and  toxic  jock  theory  predict  risky  sexual  behaviors   in  sport  participants.  Study  participants  were  444  university  students  who  participated   in  organized  sports  during  high  school  and  college.  Risky  sexual  behavior  was  predicted  by  task  (b  =  -­‐0.191)  and  ego  orientation  (b  =  0.179)  but  not  jock  identity  (b  =  0.750).  In  addition,  gender  (b  =  0.430)  emerged  as  a  significant  predictor;  however,  not  in  the  expected  direction.  Females  were  11  percent  more  likely  to  engage  in  risky  sexual  behavior  than  males  (or  58  percent  vs  47  percent,  respectively).  Results  suggest  that  goal  orientations  in  sports  settings  are  related   to   sexual   behaviors   and   that   focusing   on  mastery   climates   in   youth   sport   and   physical   activity   settings  may   result   in   decreased   risky  sexual  behaviors.    

Scientific  Oral  

Louisiana  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  49  

Michel,  Marie-­‐Edith;  Young,  Mike  

Leveraging  Parks  and  Recreation  Expertise  to  Bring  Hope  and  Developmental/Restorative  Healing  to  Victims  of  Natural  and  Economic  Disasters  

Studies   have   shown   effective   therapy   for   young   disaster   victims   is   enhanced   by   positive,   well   managed   and   resourced   programs   within   the  recreational  environment.  Mental  health  professionals  recognize  the  gains  and  benefits  of  recovery  using  new  modalities  of  treatment  supported  through   outdoor   play,   especially   for   children.     Play   should   be   seen   in   the   realm   of   health   service   delivery   along   with   its   recreational   context.  The  use  of  structured  play  areas  creates  environments  that  expose  victims  of  disasters  to  welcome  alternatives,  as  well  as  a  complementary  mode  of  treatment  for  the  psychological  trauma  that  results  from  negative  experiences.    Attention  should  be  given  to  resources  for  installing  park  equipment  that  can  be  exported  to  support  recovery  from  post-­‐traumatic  stress  disorder.    Returning   to   the   same  conditions   that   created   the   trauma  or   emotional   injury   can  be  mitigated,   or   at   least  delayed   for   some   time,   to   allow   the  benefits  of  treatment  to  take  effect.    As  a  result,  the  park  or  recreational  area  can  be  a  bridge  to  make  the  results  of  treatment  more  immediate  as  well  as  longer  lasting.  The  United  Nations.  has   listed  among  their  human  rights,   that  every  child  has   the  right   to   “just  be  a  child”!    The  physiological  and  psychological  gains  received  through  play  bring  immediate  and  long-­‐term  benefits.    Adults  who  grew  up  “playing”  become  better  adjusted  adults,  who  accomplish  more  and  live  healthier  lives.  Professional  Oral  

City  of  Idaho  Falls  Parks  and  Recreation  and  Kids  Around  the  World,    United-­‐States  

Milner,  Vaughn  ;  Tremblay,  Jack-­‐Shelly;  Broach,  Ellen;  Norrell  Phillip    

Daily  Flow  State  and  Math  Performance  during  an  Early  Entrance  Exercise  and  Math  Program  for  Underskilled  First-­‐Time  College  Freshmen  

The  purpose  of  this  presentation  is  to  identify  preliminary  findings  from  a  research  project  that,  in  part,  examined  the  relationship  among  exercise  activity,  flow  and  (Csikszentmihalyi,  1999)  math  performance  from  the  Stretch  for  Success  program  at  the  University  of  South  Alabama.  This  early  entrance   learning   community   was   developed   by   the   authors   and   designed   for   students   with   lower   than   average   math   skills.   The   three   week  program  involved  physical  exercise  and  math  instruction  using  the  math  emporium  model.  Multiple  measures  were  used  including  physical  activity  assessment;  flow  conditions  and  enjoyment  in  math;  the  WRAT-­‐R  Math  sub-­‐test;  and  daily  math  quizzes.  In  our  examination,  the  exercise  groups  increased   academic   performance   (in   press).   However,   related   factors   should   be   examined   such   as   the   effect   exercise   may   have   had   on   the  individual’s  ability  to  focus  which  can  in  turn  increase  leisure  experience,   flow  state  and  performance.  Research  supports  a  relationship  between  physical  activity,  focus,  and  academic  performance.  Flow,   an   important   social   science   theory   in   leisure   studies,   is   an  exceptional  moment  when  one   is   in   control   and   focused   in   an  activity.   Leisure  experience  and  flow  involve  active  engagement  in  activity  that  is  intrinsically  motivated  and  personally  satisfying  resulting  in  positive  emotion.  This  presentation   will   focus   on   outcomes   related   to   flow   conditions   and   math   performance.   Each   day   during   the   program,   participants   were  administered  a  questionnaire  designed  to  quantify  their  flow/enjoyment  experience  during  math.  This  presentation  will  highlight  our  findings  that  may  support  the  link  between  physical  activity,    daily  flow  scores  and  daily  math  quiz  scores.  Scientific  Poster    

University  of  South  Alabama,  USA  

 

Oliveira,  Walter;  Uvinha,  Ricardo  

Leisure  and  Health:  Framing  Quality  of  Life  

Leisure   has   been   recognized   as   a   social   determinant   of   health   and   associated  with   local,   geographical,   climate,   cultural,   nutritional,   and  mental  factors.  It  has  assumed  an  important  role  in  the  development  of  Health  Promotion  and  Quality  of  Life.  Air,  water,  sound,  and  visual  pollution,  several  kinds  of  stress,  and  ambience  are  taken  in  consideration  when  analyzing  the  role  of  leisure  in  promoting    joy  and  wellbeing,  as  well  as  influencing  environmental  and  social  sustainability.  As  a  field  of  knowledge  leisure  reveals  its  potential  infliuence  in  human  life.  The  different  forms  it  takes  are  learned   in   the   context   of   family   and   education,   and   practiced   in   the   context   of   community,   mediated   by   mass   communication   schemes   and  legitimized   by   the   enactment   of   social   policy.   This   presentation   aims   to   discuss   leisure   as   an   agency   of   social   and   cultural   change,   taking   as   a  departure   point   its   interfaces   with   health   and   youth   development.   Focusing   on   the   diversity   of   issues,   trends,   and   current   guiding   paradigms,  leisure   can   be   a   vital   human   activity   that   contributes   to   establishing   better   quality   of   life.   Examples   are   drawn   from   the   authors´   university  extension  projects    in  Brazil.      

Professional  Oral  

Federal  University  of  Santa  Catarina,  University  of  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil  

  50  

Penbrooke,  Teresa  

Reducing  Obesity  One  Community  at  a  Time  

Parks   and   recreation   organizations   can   be   key   public   health   providers,   and   there   are   now   templates   and  methods   to   help   your   agency  make   a  difference  in  creating  a  healthy  community.  Rather  than  just  a  shotgun  approach  with  the  “program  of  the  month”  approach,  this  session  provides  an  overview  of  the  steps  needed  for  engaging  and  creating  your  champions,  assessment,  policy  creation,  funding  analysis,  and  management  process  to  create  and  validate  a  system  to  build  healthy  communities,  reduce  obesity,  and  gain  credibility  as  a  primary  public  health  provider.  The  process  is  based  on  typical  Health  Impact  Assessment  protocols  and  concepts,  but  tailored  specifically  to  enable  leisure-­‐related  organizations  to  make  a  strong  impact.  Examples  from  successful  community  implementation,  current  research  through  North  Carolina  State  University  and  GP  RED,  along  with  an  overview  of  a  proven  process  for  you  to  use  will  be  shared.  Participants   will   1)   Be   able   to   comprehend   the   relationship   of   parks   and   recreation   to   their   community’s   public   health   issues,   2)   Identify   the  required   information   from  each  of   five  primary  elements   for  analysis,  and  3)  be   familiarized  with   the  Healthy  Communities  Surveillance  Project  templates  and  steps  for  implementation.  Professional  Oral  

NC  State  University,  GP  RED,  and  GreenPlay  

Rosabal,  Nidra  

Tree  Therapy  Technique    Workshop  

Nowadays,  daily   routines   and  busy   lives  provoke  people   lose   contact  with  nature  and   themselves.  People   commonly   say   that   they  have  many  things  to  do;  there  is  no  time  for  anything,  all  the  time  is  for  their  jobs,  studies,  families,  or  friends.  In  fact  too  busy  people  get  sick;  they  have  not  only  physical  but  also  emotional  problems.  In  other  words  people  are  stressed.  Stress  is  one  of  the  first  causes  of  many  diseases  in  our  modern  society;   therefore   it   is   necessary   to   be   more   aware   of   our   health   and   having   a   balance   in   our   life   styles.    Many  men  and  women  have  personal  problems  that  are  related  to  bad  moments  or  traumatic  episodes  during  childhood.  They  do  not  even  know  why  they  have  them  or  where  these  problems  come  from.  These  difficulties  are  affecting  their  behaviors  and  interpersonal  relationships.    Tree  therapy  is  a  possible  relief  to  these  problems  because  it  gives  people  the  opportunity  to  have  deep  meditation  to  understand  themselves  and  get  out  bad  past  experiences.    After  this  technique  you  will  be  more  aware  of  taking  care  of  yourself.  You  will  see  life  from  a  different  point  of  view.    There   is  also  substantial  evidence  that  alternative  therapies   is  associates  with  better  mental  and  physical  health  (Berenzon,  Alanís  y  Saavedra,  2009,  Morgan  and  Goldton,  1987;  Aguilar,  y  Musso.  2008).          Professional  poster  

Universidad  Nacional  de  Costa  Rica,  Costa  Rica  

Rosabal,  Nidra;  Mejías,  Ivania    

Promoting  Recreational  Activities  in  Tourists  to  Improve  Human  Integral  Development  through  the  Diplomate  of  Tourist  Recreation,  Universidad  Nacional,  Costa  Rica  

The  Tourist  Recreation  Diplomate  is  a  career  that  has  been  performed  for  5  years  in  the  North  and  Caribbean  part  of  Costa  Rica  at  Universidad  Nacional,   Campus   Sarapiquí.   This   career’s   study   plan   is   an   innovator   proposal   for   the   necessity   of   qualified   professionals   in   the   field   and   the  promotion  of  human  integral  development  through  recreation.    According  to  Dévis  (2000),  the  modification  of  people’s  life  style  has  affected  their  wellness  and  good  quality  of  life,  thus  people  have  been  getting  physical,  mental  and  social  diseases.    So  it  is  important  to  promote  the  physical  activity.  It  will  be  beneficial  to  accumulate  30  minutes  of  physical  exercise  three  times  a  week  or  every  day,  as  determined  by  The  World  Health  Association  (OMS,2002).  The  physical  activity  can  be  any  kind  of  sport,  game,  recreational  activity  where  people  can  burn  calories.  The  study  plan  of  the  Diplomate  of  Tourist  Recreation  is  an  innovator  and  integral  plan  that  graduates  competent  professionals  in  the  field.  The  new  professionals  not  only  will  be  able  to  promote  recreational  activities  in  different  tourist  services,  but  also  will  be  able  to  organize  and  lead  recreational  activities  for  different  purposes.  Bibliography:  Dévis,  J.  (2000).  Actividad  física  Salud  y  Medio  Natural.  España:  INDE  publicaciones.  Organización   Mundial   de   la   Salud.   (2002)   Actividad   física:   ¿Cuánto   se   necesita?.   USA:   Programa   de   Alimentación   y   Nutrición/División   de  Promoción  y  Protección  de  la  Salud.    Professional  Oral  

Universidad  Nacional  de  Costa  Rica,  Costa  Rica  

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Ross,  Susan  

A  Life-­‐Changing  Experience  Is  More  Than  an  Event:  Using  The  13  Phases  Of  Transformation  Intentionally  

In   an   experience   economy,   our   potential   is   to   produce  memorable   events.   Fortunately,   leisure   inspires   life-­‐changing   experiences;   a   boy   scout  gazes  wistfully   across   a   vast  wilderness   vista,   a   retired  professional   finds   true   community  by  playing   a   role   in   community   theater,   a  prisoner  tastes  freedom  through  meditation,  and  a  once  self-­‐limited  woman  finishes  a  marathon.  As  leisure  professionals  we  have  the  potential  to  make  an  indelible  impact  upon  the  lives  of  our  patrons  through  the  breathtaking  lands  that  we  steward,  the  gathering  places  we  maintain,  the  programs  we  coordinate,  and  the  adventures  we  facilitate.  If  we  are  lucky,  we  have  the  opportunity  to  change  lives,  but  changing  lives  does  not  always  mean  we  must  produce  a  peak  event.  This  presentation  is  an  overview  of  a  doctoral  study  (Ross,  2008)  that  indicates  that  the  process  of  transformation  follows  a  psychological  pattern  of   thirteen  distinct  and  predictable  phases   that   tend   to  unfold  over   the  course  of  many  years.  This  means   that  transformation  is  ongoing  and  tends  to  appear  ordinary  when,  in  fact,  something  extraordinary  is  taking  place.  We  can  use  the  content  of  these  phases  to  prescriptively  construct  leisure  experiences  to  expedite  or  deepen  transformative  processes  and  produce  outcomes  that  meet  pressing  personal   needs.  Managers   can   target   specific  markets   by   using   key  words   and   concepts   that   underscore   leisure  motivations   endemic   to   each  phase.   Knowledge   of   life-­‐changing   processes   can   also   help   a   leisure   enterprise   to   become   a   "transformation   business"   that   can   charge   fees  equivalent  to  the  high  value  that  transformative  experience  tends  to  demand.  Professional  Oral  

San  Jose  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Salle,  Dee  Dee  

Fat  to  Fit  TV:    Reality  in  the  obesity  management  algorythms  in  Malaysia  (Asia's  fattest  developing  country)  versus  urban  Singapore.      

Obesity  is  a  global  problem  for  public  health  both  in  developed  and  developing  countries  (Haslam,  Sattar  &  Lean,  2006).      In  Malaysia,  the  fattest  country  in  Asia  (The  Star  Online,  18  January  2014)  obesity  accounts  for  over  one-­‐third  of  all  medically  certified  deaths  in  the  Malaysia  (Ministry  of  Health  Malaysia  2005).Malaysia’s  national  television  -­‐  RTM  TV1,  spearheaded  “Fat  to  Fit”,  17-­‐episodes  reality  weight    loss  where  6  obese  women  were  tracked  on  their  weight  loss  journey  through  exercise  and  diet  for  3  months.    Fashioned  after  the  intensity  of  “The  Biggest  Loser”,  a  reality  Tv   weightloss   show   in   America   (Puhl   et   al.,   2012)   for   dramatic   sequences   but   following   the   realistic   weight   loss   of   “The   Last   10   Pounds  Bootcamp”,  a  Canadian  version  weightloss  reality  TV  show  (Blaszkiewicz,  2009).    This  research  will  study  the  response  of  weight  loss  participants  after  being   subjected   to   screenings  of   the  Fat   to  Fit   reality  TV.    A   cross-­‐country   intervention  was  undertaken   in  Singapore  with  90  obese  and  overweight  pre-­‐menopausal  women.    Levels  of  weight  bias  were  measured  by  the  Implicit  Associations  Test  (IAT),  the  Obese  Person  Trait  Survey  (OPTS)  and  the  Anti-­‐fat  Attitudes  Scale  (AFA)  at  baseline  and  following  the  cumulative  episodic  viewings.    As  the  study  is  contributing  to  obesity  management  algorithyms  in  developing  country  and  developed  nation,  this  cross-­‐disciplined,   intra-­‐  country  intervention  findings  is  valuable  as  translational  knowledge  in  the  developing  globalized  world.    Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Malaya,  Singapore  

 

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Law  and  Policy  

Ellis,  Caleigh  

Examining  the  inequities  of  recreation  accessibility  policies  between  communities  in  British  Columbia:  Working  toward  a  guiding  Provincial  framework  

Recreation  is  an  important  element  of  a  resilient  community  and  having  a  resilient  community  is  an  important  step  to  the  creation  of  a  sustainable  community.  For  the  past  several  decades  the  position  of  recreation  and  leisure  services,  which  has  existed  in  the  minds  of  government  funders,  is  that  it  is  a  discretionary  and  non-­‐essential  service  (Crompton,  2009;  McCole  &  Vogt,  2011).  This  has  forced  municipal   recreation   departments   to   run   recreation   programs   on   a   cost   recovery   and   fee-­‐for-­‐service   basis,   marginalizing   many  citizens’   opportunities   to   participate   in   recreational   activities   (Howell   &   McNamee,   2003).   The   exclusion   of   citizens   from  recreational  services  therefore  threatens  the  sustainability  and  resilience  of  the  communities  that  they  reside  in.In  British  Columbia  (BC),   Canada,   there   are   many   factors   that   affect   citizens   inability   to   access   recreation   in   the   communities   which   they   reside.  Currently,  leisure  research  focuses  on  the  implications  that  public  policy  intervention  has  on  citizens  and  their  communities  instead  of   on   how   policy   is   developed   (Lavigne,   2014).   Research   taking   place   during   July   2014,   will   examine   the   policies   used,   by  communities  that  are  members  of  the  British  Columbia  Parks  and  Recreation  Association,  to  ensure  equitable  access  to  recreation  services.   Analyzing   the   design   and   use   of   the   policies   being   implemented   in   BC   will   help   determine   if   inequities   exist   between  communities   because   of   differences   in   policies.   This   research   will   also   help   determine   if   the   development   of   an   overarching  provincial  accessibility  policy  framework  is  a  possible  solution  to  eliminating  inequities  between  communities.    Scientific  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

Jamieson,  Lynn  

Sport  and  leisure  policy  implications  for  quality  of  life:    Governmental  guidance  and  effectiveness  

The   importance   of   an   established   policy   regarding   sport   and   leisure   has   been   noted   by   many   researchers.   This   study   used   a  qualitative   interview  approach   to  examine   in  depth   the  nature  of   sport  and   leisure  policy   in  13  selected  countries  demonstrating  varying   levels  of  development.    Semi-­‐structured   interviews  of  ministry  and  national  personnel,   state/provincial   leaders,  and   local  service  providers  coupled  with  policy  documents  and  extensive  field  notes  provided  rich  sources  for  analysis.    N*Vivo  was  employed  to  cull  key  themes  and  relationships  existent  in  these  data  sets.    It  was  found  that  several  themes  emerged  as  follows:    1)  Countries  with  policies  were  most   effective  when   there  was   financial   support   and   effective   follow-­‐up  of   programs  and   themes;   2)The   local  service  providers  embraced  those  policies  that  were  the  result  of  training  efforts  and  key  accountability  measures;  and  3)  Countries  that   used   both   a   research   process   and   strategic   planning   mechanisms   were   most   effective   when   identifying   the   needs   of  marginalized  groups  and  developing  specific  target  programs  to  address  these  groups.  The  research  findings  provided  the  basis  for  using  future  survey  methods  to  elicit  more  in-­‐depth  understanding  of  the  influence  and  success  of  policy  when  compared  with  local  service  provision  of  sport  and  leisure  programs.  Scientific  Oral  

Indiana  University,  United-­‐States  

Lavigne,  Marc-­‐André  

Leisure  as  a  Public  Issue:  How  the  Media  Construct  Sports-­‐  and  Recreation-­‐Related  Injuries  

Public   action   requires   first   the   acknowledgment   and  definition  of   a  public   issue   that   institutions  will   come   to   address   and   try   to  resolve   (Kingdon,   2010;   Lemieux,   2009;   Anderson,   2014).   The   ongoing   dynamics   of   ideas   fighting   against   each   other   for   the  attention  of  public  officials  defines  what   is  called  the  agenda-­‐setting  process.  Leisure  and  sport  (and  how  we  practice   them)  have  rarely  been   seen  as  a  problem.  Not  only  our   field  does  not  qualify   as   the  usual  hotbed   for   confrontations  and  dissensions,  but   in  public  policies,  leisure  and  sport  are  more  often  associated  as  the  solution  to  social  issues.  Based  on  Kingdon’s  Policy  Streams  Model,  this  presentation  discusses  how  issues  get  on  public  policy  agendas  and  the  implications  of  leisure  and  sport  seen  and  defined  as  a  public  issue.  A  total  of  12  sports-­‐  and  recreation  -­‐related  injury  (SRRI)  cases,  and  how  they  are  reported  in  the  Canadian  media,  were  examined.  Our  in-­‐depth  analysis  of  those  cases  helped  us  to  understand  how  those  issues  were   constructed   as   we   analysed   the   actors   involved   and   interviewed   (Who   do   they   represent?),   the   presumed   government  responsibilities,  what  solutions  for  that  specific  incident  are  proposed  and  how  the  media  define  these  incidents  as  issues  (often  seen  as  a   fatality,  sometimes  as  a  problem  requiring  changes).  The  findings  of   this  study  contributed  to  a  better  understanding  of  SRRI  

Université  du  Québec  à  Trois-­‐Rivières,  Canada  

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policies  and  the  role  played  by  the  media,  both  in  the  way  the  media  define  public  issues  and  play  a  specific  role  as  an  actor  in  that  policy  subsystem.  Scientific  Oral  

Silva  Gutierrez,  Claudio  Augusto  

Regional  Centers  for  Sports  Development  ,  a  strategy  to  democratize  access  to  sport  policies  in  southern  Brazil  

The  Sport  and  Leisure  Foundation  from  the  State  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  -­‐  FUNDERGS  is  a  State  agency  whose  mission  is  to  develop  policies  for  sport  and  leisure  throughout  the  state.  One  of  the  difficulties  encountered  in  the  development  of  its  mission  is  the  lack  of  infrastructure  and  human  resources,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  democratize  and  reach  its  policies  and  sports  programs  .  In  order   to   face   this   situation  FUNDERGS   launched  a  program  called  Regional  Centers   for  Sport  and  Leisure  Development,  which  aims  to  offer  a  qualified  public  access  and  to  promote  the  development  of  sport  and  leisure  in  the  eight  regions  of  the  state.  Specific  objectives  are:  a)  democratize  access  to  knowledge  about  the  sport  and  leisure  policies  aligning    managers  and  local  political  actors  and   government   policies;   b)   observe   the   local   reality   informing   the   state   about   its   potential   and   its   needs   in   terms   of   sport   and  leisure;  c)  provide  a  qualified  space  for  the  development  of  sport  and  leisure  programs  funded  by  FUNDERGS  statewide  The   strategy  adopted   to  organize   these  Centers  was   to  enter   into  an  agreement  with  universities   that  provide   infrastructure  and  qualified  personnel  in  the  area  of  sport  and  leisure.  One  year  after  implementing  this  action  results  have  demonstrated  we  can:  enter  into  an  agreement  with    Universities  and    open  all  Centers  we  have  planned;  democratize  the  programs  and  policies  of  FUNDERGS  in  all  regions  of  the  state.  Professional  Oral  

Sport  and  Leisure  Foundation  from  the  State  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  -­‐  FUNDERGS,  Brazil  

 

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Leisure  Education  

Berthiaume,  Rachel;  Houde,  Judith;  Gagnon,  Mathieu.  

Cooper'action  Leisure,  a  tool  to  change  a  community  

The  Cooper’action  Leisure  exists  since  2007  and  aims  at  offering  an  opportunity  of  leisure  practice  in  an  intercultural  context  to  a  group   of   students   from   the   Community   Recreational   Leadership   Training   Programme.   This   experiment   intend   to   facillitate  knowledge  and  field  work  integration,  enhance  students  awareness  of  poverty  in  a  context  of  leisure  and    develelop  their  capacity  to  work  with  other  individuals  respecting  their  differences.  This  programme  wish  to  help  communities  to  improve  their    perceptions  and   behaviours   towards   leisure   as   a  mean   of   community   development,to   increase   their   capacity   to   act   to   satisfy   their   needs   in  leisure  services  and  to  implement    the  appropriate  conditions  for  leisure  development  in  the  community.  The  presentation  whish  to  share  the  process  throughout  which  the  project  developped  its  actual  state  of  maturity,    gained  recognition  at  the  international  level  and  improved  education  of  futur  leisure  practitionners.  Professional  Oral  

Cégep  de  Rivière-­‐du-­‐Loup,  Canada  

Chen,  Hsin-­‐Yu;  Yarnal,  Careen    

“What  do  college  students  think  about  leisure?”:  Leisure  education  and  college  students’  perceptions  of  leisure.  

The  word  “leisure”   is  complex.  Adopting  a  qualitative  approach,   this  study  explored  college  students’  perceptions  of   leisure  and   if  and  how  they  applied  leisure  concepts  in  daily  life  after  taking  a  general  education  class  on  Leisure  and  Human  Behavior.  Data  was  collected  from  students’  final  papers  (2014)  with  111  participating.    Results  revealed  that  many  students  initially  perceived  leisure  as  having  negative  connotations  and  shared  feelings  of  guilt  during  leisure.  After   leisure  education,   students   applied   leisure   concepts   to  different  domains  of  daily   life.   For   example,   students   shared  how   leisure  helps  with   stress,   enriches   life,   has  health  benefits,   fosters  positive  emotions,   and  provides   for   self-­‐expression.   Some  realized   that   they   struggle   with   leisure   boredom,   and   faced   leisure   constraints   in   transitioning   to   college   life.   Students   also  experienced  negative  impacts  of  leisure,  including  binge  eating,  excessive  drinking,  and  smoking.  Thus,  as  understanding  of  leisure  deepened  through  exposure  to  class  concepts,  students  increasingly  recognized  that  leisure  is  complex.    Students  also  perceived  that  casual  leisure  can  have  short-­‐term  benefits  (e.g.,  entertainment,  relaxation,  momentary  pleasure),  but  project-­‐based   leisure   (e.g.,   fundraising,   planning   events   and   celebrations)   can   positively   contribute   to   different   aspects   of  development  (e.g.,  interpersonal  skills,  planning,  and  management  skills).  Serious  leisure,  for  some  students,  provides  opportunity  to  learn,  develop,  and  to  maximize  potential  and  interests.  Based  on  different  types  of   leisure  activities,  students  also  concurred  that  challenge  and  skill  level  can  lead  to  different  engagement  levels.    In  conclusion,  results  highlighted  that  leisure  education  may  empower  students  with  foundational  knowledge  of  leisure  that  can  be  applied  to  daily  life.  

The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  USA    

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Filippis,  André;  Azzini,  Eduardo  

Lessons  Of  Physical  Education  In  Schools:  Educating  For  Leisure  And  Quality  Of  Life  

This   study   is   part   of   a   research   project   that   aims   to   identify   and   analyze   the   concept   of   leisure,   physical   education   classes   as  education  to  leisure  and  its  relations  with  the  elder.  The  theoretical  basis  consists  in  the  papers  of  various  authors,  but  mainly  the  studies  by  Marcellino,   that  understands   leisure  as  a  cultural  manifestation;  Requixa  that  points  that  “education   is  understood  as  a  great  vehicle  to  development,  and  leisure  is  an  excellent  and  gentle  way  of  pushing  an  individual  to  develope,  improve  and  expand  interests  and  responsibilities”;  Dumazedier,  that  explains  that  even  though  human  need  for  leisure  always  existed,  the  concepts  of  leisure   and   recreation,   as   we   comprehend   it   now,   are   a   product   of   the   modern   industrial   society.   Originally,   recreation   was  understood  as  the  activities  that  occur  during  times  of  leisure.  This  paper  gathers  bibliographical  research  in  digital  databases,  such  as  CAPES.  And  its  methodology  comprehends  bibliographical  research  correspondent  to  the  key-­‐words:  leisure,  physical  education  and   elder;   textual   analysis;   interpretative   analysis   and   critical   analysis.   The   essay   points   that   leisure   is   related   directly   to   the  opportunity  of  accessing  culture,  devoting  time  to  take  part  in  activities  that  promote  well-­‐being,  such  as  better  life  quality  and  the  increase  of  life  expectation,  and,  also,  the  interaction    in  similar  age  groups.  Leisure  is  a  significant  way  of  expression,  the  frolics  are  endless  and  it  shows  certain  aspects  of  a  society.    Scientific  Oral  

UNIMEP,  Brazil  

Filippis,  André;  Azzini,  Eduardo  

Professional  training  in  leisure  on  Physical  Education  courses,  in  the  state  of  São  Paulo  

This  research  assumes  that  studies  of   leisure  can  be  a  valid  proposal  to  be  discussed  in  vocational  training  for  Physical  Education  graduates,   both   for   its   physical   and   sporting   cultural   contents   and   for   the   correlation   between   recreation   and   education,   which  makes   it  necessary  to  rethink  vocational   training.  The  employed  methodology  was  bibliographical  research,  held   in  “Universidade  Metodista  de  Piracicaba”  (Unimep)  and  “Universidade  Estadual  de  Campinas”  (Unicamp)  and  CAPES,  comprehending  the  following  techniques:   (1)   initial   bibliographical   research,   satisfying   the   key-­‐words   vocational   training,   physical   education   and   leisure;   (2)  textual   analysis;   (3)   interpretative   analysis   (SEVERINO,   2002).   This   research   demonstrates   that   there   are   connexions   between  vocational  training  in  leisure  in  higher  education  and  the  performance  in  this  field;  that  physical  education  courses  could  create  such  professionals,  only  it  should  also  be  approached  by  other  courses,  for  the  need  of  contemplating  its  interdisciplinary  character,  due  to  the  transversality  of  the  object  of  study  –  leisure.    Scientific  Oral  

UNIMEP,  Brazil  

Hebblethwaite,  Shannon  

Re-­‐visioning  Leisure  Education  Using  PAR  &  Arts-­‐Based  Methods  

Leisure  education  is  an  important  component  of  recreation  programming.  Although  leisure  education  exists  in  community  settings,  most   leisure  education  models  and  research  have  predominantly   focused  on  therapeutic  recreation  (TR)   for  marginalized  groups.  Recent  work  among  Canadian  leisure  scholars  has  begun  to  critique  traditional  approaches  to  leisure  education  and  advocate  for  a  thorough  review  of  the  field  in  order  to  better  position  leisure  education  as  a  viable  resource  in  community,  education,  and  health  systems.   The   purpose   of   the   current   study   is   to   examine   alternative,   participatory   approaches   to   community-­‐based   leisure  education.   Fourteen   stroke   survivors  who   had   engaged   in   TR  within   a   community-­‐based   stroke   rehabilitation   program  were   co-­‐researchers   in   a   participatory   action   research   project   aimed   at   understanding   the   role   of   leisure   in   stroke   recovery.   Using   a  Photovoice  methodology,   the   stroke   survivors   took   pictures   of  what   their   recreation   had   been   like   since   they   experienced   their  stroke.  These  photographs  were  used  to  facilitate  discussion  among  the  co-­‐researchers  about  the  role  of  recreation  in  their  recovery.  This   participatory   approach   highlights   three   important   shifts   in   thinking   about   leisure   education:   1)   leisure   education   happened  informally   through   recreation   participation,   not   in   a   structured   leisure   education   program;   2)   leisure   education  was   a   dialogical  experience  between  the  stroke  survivors  themselves  where  they  learned  from  each  other  and  felt  valued  in  being  able  to  share  their  own  knowledge  with   other   stroke   survivors;   and  3)   using  photographs   to   create   a   calendar   that   illustrated   the   role   of   leisure   in  stroke  recovery  was  a  more  useful  method  to  engage  in  leisure  education  than  written  documents.  Scientific  Oral  

Concordia  University,  Canada  

Keshock,  Christopher;  Forester,  Brooke    

The  USAbilites  Facility  Project:  Student  Service  Learning  and  

Each  World  Leisure  Organization   conference   leaves  a   lasting   legacy  with  programs   recognized   for   their   creativity  and  adoption  at  host  conference  site   locations.  Similarly,  efforts  to  development  and  discuss   ideas  for   lasting  legacy  initiatives   in  the  city  of  Mobile,  Alabama   for   the   2014   WLO   conference   were   also   propositioned.   Attempting   to   include   multiple   stake-­‐holders   host   institution  University  of  South  Alabama  and   its  Leisure  Studies  program  took  advantage  of   the   legacy  directive  and   integrated   the   idea   into  a  

University  of  South  Alabama    

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the  WLO  Legacy  Initiative.  

class  to  what  has  become  known  as  the  USAbilities  project.  Not  only  was  the  exercise  beneficial  to  spawn  brainstorming  possibilities,  but  also  correlated  directly  with  the  institution’s  campus-­‐wide  strategy  to  integrate  experiential  learning  activities  to  enhance  lecture  based   teaching.   Therefore,   in   the   fall   2013   semester   student   groups   for   the   LS   486   facility   planning   and   design   course   at   the  University  of  South  Alabama  were  given  the  task  of  creating  a  leisure  based  facility  project.  The  case  brief  provided  students  included  WLO   legacy   project   background   information   and   criteria   relative   to   on-­‐campus   universal   design   standards   with   the   added  requirement  that  the  structure  be  usable  and  effective  for  everyone  on  campus.  Student  project  ideas,  portfolios,  presentations  and  CAD  drawings  are  to  be  discussed  along  with  the  innovations  in  natural  energy  sources  student  groups  used  for  their  leisure  facility.  Furthermore,  service  learning  benefits  from  including  students  to  contribute  to  the  WLO  legacy  project  are  to  be  addressed.  One  of  the  projects  an  adult  outdoor  playground  powered  by  kinetic  energy  was  selected  for  construction  on  the  campus.  Professional  Oral  

Narda  Robayo  Fique;  Erika  Liliana  Paez  Franco.    

Recreation  and  Physical  Activity  in  the  Natural  Environment,  "Eco-­‐tourism  in  National  Parks  of  Colombia"  

This   proposal   focuses   on   a   formative   experience   developed   in   one   of   the   public   universities   of   Colombia   ;   such   as   the   National  Pedagogical  University  ,  "  Educating  Educators  "  in  the  Faculty  of  Physical  Education  ,  as  part  of  the  Bachelor  of  Recreation,  in  which  the  aim   is   for  students   from   low  socioeconomic  backgrounds  engage   in  physical  activity   from  a  recreational  perspective  a  way   to  enjoy   the   leisure   .For   this   reason  we  have   tried   to   include   unconventional   themes   in   different   academic   areas   in  which   they   are  relevant   ,  motivational   activities   to   encourage   a   shared   ,   free,   peaceful   ,   joyful   and   voluntary   learning   .   As   in   this   case   the   "   Eco-­‐  tourism  in  National  Parks  of  Colombia  "   .  Since  these  practices  break  with  traditional  patterns  of  teaching  in  Colombia  and  give  to  recreation   and   physical   activity,   the   possibility   of   being   included   in   the   training   of   students   as   a   healthy,   daily   practice   ,   from  recreational   vision   giving   the   possibility   to   enjoy   the   corporeality   of   a   generating   form   of   pleasure   ,   enjoyment,   satisfaction   ,  tranquility,  des  stress  ,  motivation  and  happiness.Thus,  the  Recreation  and  Physical  Activity  is  seen  from  a  humanistic  point  of  view  related  to  the  values  ??of  the  person  and  their  integral  development,  which  aims  to  prepare  people  to  carry  out  activities  during  free  time  from  activities  in  different  natural  environments  ,  seen  as  enriching  experiences  to  strengthen  the  social  fabric.  Professional  Poster  

Universidad  Pedagógica  Nacional,  Colombia  

Parr,  Mary  From  Recreation  to  Leisure  –  and  Back  Again:  A  Reflection  of  Identity  

Leisure  Studies,  as  an  academic  home  for  research  and  professional  preparation,  has  had  a  sometimes  contentious  connection  to  the  field   of   parks   and   recreation   (Burdge,   1985;   Elkington,   2012).   Henderson   (2010)   identified   a   lack   of   a   collective   identity   as   a  challenge   to   the   future   of   Leisure   Studies.   The   purpose   of   this   analysis   is   to   examine   the   use   of   the  word   “leisure”   by   academic  departments  and  public  recreation  agencies  in  the  U.S.  Data  consisted  of  email  responses  to  a  request  of  the  membership  of  SPRENet  and  descriptive   information  gathered   from  departmental   and  agency  websites.  Beginning   in  1975  and   throughout   the  1980s  and  early  1990s  many  academic  programs  were  renamed  using  the  word  “leisure.”  However,  the  last  15  years  has  seen  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  departments  using  “leisure”   in  their  name.  At  the  same  time,  a  review  of  agency  data  indicate  a   liberal  use  of  the  word  leisure   in   their   public   communications   (e.g.,   websites,   program   brochures)   and   to   a   lesser   extent   in   the   name   of   their   agency  department.  The  word  is  used  most  frequently  as  a  descriptor  to  “services,”  or  “activities.”  While  academic  departments  in  the  U.S.  appear  to  be  distancing  themselves  from  the  word  “leisure”  largely  due  to  a  lack  of  resonance  with  the  public,  there  is  evidence  that  the   word   has   permeated   the   identity   of   professional   practice.   Further   investigation   of   a   connection   between   a   generation   of  professionals  educated  in  departments  of  Leisure  Studies  and  the  use  of  the  word  leisure  in  the  lexicon  of  public  recreation  agencies  is  warranted.  Scientific  Oral  

Kent  State  University,    

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Plunkett,  Daniel  

Examining  Students’  Perceptions  of  Using  Discussion  Board  vs.  Facebook  for  Online  Class  Discussions  

As  more  and  more  recreation  and  leisure  courses  are  offered  online,  it  is  important  to  understand  how  instructors  can  best  facilitate  online  class  discussions.    Online  class  discussions  are  often  conducted  through  university  discussion  board  forums.    However,  how  easy   is   it   for   students   to   use   discussion   boards,   and   do   they   find   these   types   of   discussions   useful   or   even   enjoyable?    With   the  popularity  of  social  media,  one  alternative  to  discussion  boards  is  using  Facebook’s  group  page  for  online  class  discussions.    Despite  this   alternative,   little   is   known   about  which  medium   is   best   for   helping   student   learn   and   interact   with   classmates.     This   study  examined   students’   perceived   ease   of   use,   usefulness,   and   enjoyment  while   using   Facebook   for   class   discussion   versus   the  more  traditional  discussion  board.    Four  upper  division   leisure  classes  (N  =  146)  participated   in   two  one-­‐week   long  online  discussions.    The  participation  requirements  and  setup  were  the  same  for  both  discussions,  with  each  topic  being  related  to  the  previous  in-­‐class  discussion.    However,  the  first  discussion  was  held  on  the  class’  university  online  discussion  forum,  while  the  second  discussion  was  held  on  Facebook.    Prior  to  these  discussions  75.3  percent  of  students  had  previously  participated  in  online  class  discussions  using  a  discussion  board  forum  versus  29.5  percent  for  Facebook.    Preliminary  results  showed  that  52.7  percent  of  students  said  they  would  prefer   to   use   Facebook   for   future   online   class   discussions,   yet   only   46.9   percent   believe   Facebook   is   the   best  means   to   facilitate  online  learning  outside  the  classroom.      Scientific  Oral  

California  State  University,  Long  Beach,  United-­‐States  

Narda  Robayo  Fique,  Erika  Liliana  Paez  Franco  

Recreation  and  Physical  Activity  in  the  Natural  Environment,  "Eco-­‐tourism  in  National  Parks  of  Colombia"  

This   proposal   focuses   on   a   formative   experience   developed   in   one   of   the   public   universities   of   Colombia   ;   such   as   the   National  Pedagogical  University  ,  "  Educating  Educators  "  in  the  Faculty  of  Physical  Education  ,  as  part  of  the  Bachelor  of  Recreation,  in  which  the  aim   is   for  students   from   low  socioeconomic  backgrounds  engage   in  physical  activity   from  a  recreational  perspective  a  way   to  enjoy   the   leisure   .For   this   reason  we  have   tried   to   include   unconventional   themes   in   different   academic   areas   in  which   they   are  relevant   ,  motivational   activities   to   encourage   a   shared   ,   free,   peaceful   ,   joyful   and   voluntary   learning   .   As   in   this   case   the   "   Eco-­‐  tourism  in  National  Parks  of  Colombia  "   .  Since  these  practices  break  with  traditional  patterns  of  teaching  in  Colombia  and  give  to  recreation   and   physical   activity,   the   possibility   of   being   included   in   the   training   of   students   as   a   healthy,   daily   practice   ,   from  recreational   vision   giving   the   possibility   to   enjoy   the   corporeality   of   a   generating   form   of   pleasure   ,   enjoyment,   satisfaction   ,  tranquility,  des  stress  ,  motivation  and  happiness.Thus,  the  Recreation  and  Physical  Activity  is  seen  from  a  humanistic  point  of  view  related  to  the  values  ??of  the  person  and  their  integral  development,  which  aims  to  prepare  people  to  carry  out  activities  during  free  time  from  activities  in  different  natural  environments  ,  seen  as  enriching  experiences  to  strengthen  the  social  fabric.  Professional  Poster  

Universidad  Pedagógica  Nacional,  Colombia  

Rodrigues,  Cae;  Gomes  de  Assis  Pimentel,  Giuliano  

Phenomenological  deconstruction  in  education  for  leisure  

Based   primarily   on   the   historically   built   need   for   an   “education   for   leisure”,   two   core   issues   guided   the   (theoretical)   research  presented   in   this   paper:   a)   considering   the   wide   range   of   possible   manifestations   in   leisure   contexts,   such   as   “alienating”   (e.g.,  countervailing;   moralist;   utilitarian),   “illicit”   (deviants;   counterculture)   and   “critical”   (questioning   of   existing   social   structures),  which  leisure  prevails  in  current  education  for  leisure  and  what  are  some  possible  alternatives?;  b)  considering  critical  proposals  of  education   for   leisure,  what   are   the  main   limitations   of   proposals   that   question   dominant   paradigms   and   how   can   the   process   of  “phenomenological  deconstruction”,  as  pedagogical  strategy,  minimize  such  limitations?  The  corpus  of  analysis  was  composed  of:  a)  documents  and  scientific  articles  that  discuss  the  alleged  contemporary  need  for  an  education  for  leisure,  as  well  as  possible  ways  to  achieve   it;   b)   case   study   of   a   program   from   2012   with   Australian   higher   education   students   that   had   “phenomenological  deconstruction”  as  predominant  strategy.  Among  the  results  of  the  research  we  highlight  the  overwhelming  dominance  of  discourses  in   education   for   leisure   in  Brazil   that   reinforce   “licit”   values   and   symbols  of  dominance,   i.e.,   associated  with   the  prevailing   social  “order”  (involving,  mainly,  legality  and  normality),  in  certain  cases  exercising  disciplinary  and  alienating  function.  Contrariwise,  the  analyzed  case  study  supported  possibilities  of  deconstructing  socially  “naturalized”  values  by  putting  in  evidence  struggles  of  power  that   legitimate/constitute   symbols   of   dominance   in   existing   social   structures.   The   presented   research   contributes   to   the   field   of  leisure  studies  by  raising  questions  about  historical  processes  associated  with  the  acclaimed  concept  of  education  for  leisure.  Scientific  Oral  

Federal  University  of  Sergipe,  Brazil  

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Ryu,  Jungsu;  Heo,  Jinmoo  

The  benefits  of  service  learing  activities  among  event  management  students  

Service   learning   has   obtained   substantial   attention   from   both   educators   and   researchers   in   many   academic   disciplines.   Service  learning  improves  sense  of  responsibility  to  community  and  connects  subject  matter  to  everyday  life  (Chang  et  al,  2014).  This  credit-­‐bearing   educational   experience   provides   students   opportunities   to   gain   practical   experiences   both   in   classroom   and   in   the  community.    Event  management  industry  has  been  growing  rapidly,  and  it  is  beneficial  to  provide  adequate  practical  experiences  to  event   management   students   while   they   are   in   college.   Due   to   the   aging   society,   a   considerable   volume   of   impact   studies   on  intergenerational  learning  has  been  conducted.  Perhaps  linking  intergenerational  learning  and  service  learning  experiences  in  event  management  classes  will  be  beneficial  to  students.  This  study  explored  the  learning  outcomes  of  undergraduate  students  who  were  taking   an   event   management   class   which   consisted   of   participating   in   service   learning.   This   class   partnered   with   a   local   city  government   which   organized   Senior   Games.   Students   participated   in   structured   service   learning   projects   at   Senior   Games   in   a  southern  state.  Senior  Games  are  annual  multi-­‐sport  events  for  adults  who  are  50  years  and  older.  Upon  completion  of  the  service  learning   project,   students   submitted   reflection   papers.   We   used   content   analysis   to   analyze   reflection   papers   (n=40),   and   this  analysis   generated   two   themes.   First,   students   improved   intergenerational   communication   with   older   adults,   and   experienced  changes   in   perceptions   of   older   adults.   Second,   students   acquired   professional   skills   as   event  managers.   Service   learning   offered  valuable   lessons   to   students  which   led   them   to   enhance   professionalism   as  well   as   understand   attributes   that   are   necessary   for  successful  event  managers.  Scientific  Oral  

Texas  A&M  University,  United-­‐States  

Tangsujjapoj,  Suvimol  

The  Development  of  Leisure  Program  for  Enhancing  Human  Condition  in  Universities  of  Thailand  

The   purpose   of   this   paper  was   to   explore   the   development   of   leisure   program   in   universities   of   Thailand.   At   the   end   of   1980s,  Srinakharinwirot   University   (SWU)   faculty   proposed   a   leisure   and   recreation  management   curriculum   and   asked   recreation   and  park   program   faculty   at   Illinois   State   University   to   assist   in   curriculum   refinement,   course   preparation.   and   delivery.   In   the  beginning  of  1990s,   there  was  only  one   faculty   from  Kasetsart  University(KU)   in  Bangkok  got  Ph.D.   in  Recreation  Administration  from  New  York  University,  as  well  as  3   faculty   from  SWU  and  Chulalongkorn  University(CU)  graduated  Master’s  Degree   from  the  United-­‐States.  Later  SWU,  CU,  and  KU  offered  leisure  program  for  undergraduate  students.  Then  they  provided  graduate  program  in  2000s.   Although   these   institutions   expanded   education   opportunities   to   Thai   students,   they   could   not   advocate   the   body   of  knowledge  of  leisure  -­‐  both  theory  and  practice.  Since  most  faculty  and  staff  were  physical  education  teachers.  They  were  not  able  to  enhance   leisure   research   and   scholarships   in   leisure   studies.   The   impact   of   these   factors,   the   faculties   of   SWU   and   KU   have  institution   partnership   to   collaborate   teaching   the   doctoral   program   in   leisure   management   since   the   early   2010s.   Recently,  Thailand   achieves   results-­‐the   first   four   doctoral   students   in   leisure.   It   was   suggested   Thailand   need   to   collaborate   teaching   and  research   for   advancing   leisure   knowledge   for   the   young   colleagues   and   practitioners   to   develop   evident-­‐based   practice   on   their  professional  development.  Professional  Oral  

Kasetsart  University,  Thailand  

 

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Leisure  in  Later  Life  

Cuenca,  Jaime  

Incidence  of  rural  and  urban  context  in  leisure  of  Spanish  older  adults.  A  comparative  exploratory  analysis    

A  nation-­‐wide  quantitative  study  on  leisure  of  the  older  population  in  Spain  provides  the  data  for  this  paper.  The  survey  sampling  method  was   stratified  according   to  gender,   age  and  place  of   residence   in   the  17  autonomous   regions  and  2  autonomous   cities  of  Spain,  and  the  sample  is  representative  of  the  Spanish  population  aged  65  to  74.  A  total  of  1.239  questionnaires  were  administered  by   phone   in  March   2014.   This   paper   contributes   a   comparative   analysis   of   leisure   life   among   rural   and   urban   elderly   residents.  Rural-­‐urban  differences  were   found  particularly   in   the  selection  of  activities  and  also   in   the  degree  of   leisure  participation.  Some  possible  underlying  reasons  for  these  differences  are  suggested  in  the  paper,  and  implications  for  future  research  on  the  incidence  of  rural   and  urban   context   in   leisure   are   also  provided.  This  paper   is  part   of   a   research  project   funded  by   the   Spanish  Government  (EDU2012-­‐38052).    Scientific  Oral  

Institute  of  Leisure  Studies,  University  of  Deusto,  Spain  

Gallant,  Karen;  Hutchinson,  Susan  

Client  or  citizen?:  Perceptions  of  power  within  a  membership-­‐based  seniors’  centre  

Using  participatory  research  processes  this  case  study  explored  the  roles  of  older  adults  in  communities  by  focusing  on  older  adults’  perceptions  of  themselves  as  clients  and/or  community  members  in  one  seniors-­‐serving  community  centre  in  Nova  Scotia,  Canada.  Seven   older   adult  members   and   two   researchers   formed   a   team   that  worked   together   to   set   and   pursue   goals   related   to   leisure  programming   and   functioning  of   the   centre.  Data  were   comprised  of   transcripts   from  eight   audiotaped   team  meetings   as  well   as  participant  observation  at  the  centre.  Thematic  analysis  of  the  data  suggested  that  power—the  ability  to  influence  or  control  what  happened  at  the  seniors’  centre—was  a  salient  concept  for  understanding  meanings  of  engagement.  Three  themes  related  to  power  were   evident:   (1)   lack   of   power,   (2)   reluctance   to   claim   power,   and   (3)   claiming   power.   The   theme   lack   of   power   focuses   on  perceptions  among  members   that   they  had   little   influence  on  what  happened  at   the  centre.  The   theme  reluctance   to  claim  power  describes  members’   reluctance   to   change   the   current   situation   that  positioned   them  as   clients   or   consumers  of   services,   coupled  with  limited  meaningful  ability  to  influence  activities  or  general  functioning  at  the  centre.  Finally,  the  theme  claiming  power  focuses  on  members’  efforts  to  claim  power:  that  is,  to  assume  power,  albeit  in  small  ways,  over  what  happens  at  the  centre.  The  implications  are  discussed  in  the  context  of  considering  older  adults  as  citizens  and  community  members  rather  than  in  the  traditional,  deficit-­‐based  definition  of  older  adults  as  clients  in  need  of  services.    Scientific  Oral  

Dalhousie  University,  Canada  

Han,  Areum;  Kim  Junhyoung;  Chun,  Sanghee;  Heo,  Jinmoo  

Contribution  of  Leisure-­‐Time  Physical  Activity  on  Psychological  Benefits    among  Elderly  Immigrants    

Research    provides    evidence    that    leisure-­‐time    physical    activity    engagement    promotes  health  and  well-­‐being  among  older  adults.  In  this  study,  using  data  released    from  the  Health    and    Retirement    Study    (HRS)    in    2008,    we    focused    on    the    exploration    of    the  relationship    between    leisure-­‐time    physical    activity    and    psychological    benefits    such    as  positive  affect,  optimism,  psychological  well-­‐being,   and   life   satisfaction   among   elderly   immigrants.   The   results   of   this   study   demonstrated   that   leisure-­‐time   physical  activities  play  an  important  role  in  gaining  psychological  benefits.  This  finding  provided  further  evidence    that    leisure-­‐time    physical    activities    provides    rich    opportunities    for    elderly  immigrants  to  experience  psychological  benefits,  which  may  contribute  to  quality  of  life  and  successful  aging  .  Scientific  Oral  

Central  Michigan  University,  United-­‐States;  Brock  University,  Canada;  Texas  A&M  University,  United-­‐States.  

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Hebblethwaite,  Shannon  

Understanding  Ambivalence  in  Family  Leisure  Among  Three-­‐Generation  Families  

Leisure  activities  play  an  important  role   in  the   lives  of   families,   in  parent-­‐child  relations,  and  in  grandparent-­‐grandchild  relations.  Although  family  leisure  has  been  found  to  play  a  central  role  in  the  development  of  close  family  bonds,  it  is  not  without  its  challenges  and  has  been  found  to  be  both  consensual  and  conflictual  (Hebblethwaite  &  Norris,  2010;  2011;  Shaw  &  Dawson,  2003).  Research  on  family  leisure  has  focused  mainly  on  heterosexual  married  couples  with  young  children  and  has  neglected  the  voices  of  older  adults.  Building  on  Shaw  &  Dawson’s  (2003)  call  for  a  contradictory  theory  of  family  leisure  and  framed  by  the  model  of  intergenerational  ambivalence   (Luscher  &   Pillemer,   1998),   the   purpose   of   this   interpretive   study  was   to   address   these   two   significant   gaps   in   the  literature   and   explore   how   intergenerational   ambivalence   is   experienced   in   family   leisure   in   three-­‐generation   families  (grandparents,  parents,  and  adult  grandchildren).  Sixteen  family  triads  (N=48)  were  interviewed  in-­‐person  and  separately  and  were  asked  to  describe  their  experience  of  intergenerational  family  leisure.  These  matched  triads  of  adult  grandchildren,  age  18  to  27,  one  of   their   parents,   and   one   of   their   grandparents   reflected   on   both   the   benefits   and   challenges   of   family   leisure.   Qualitative   data  analysis  employed  the  constant  comparative  method  to  process  the  data.  The  findings  provide  valuable  insight  into  the  ambivalence  that  is  experienced  in  family  leisure  in  three-­‐generation  families.  The  purposive  nature  of  family  leisure  and  the  generative  effect  of  family  leisure  help  families  to  cope  with  the  feelings  of  ambivalence  that  are  commonly  experienced  in  their  relationships.    

Scientific  Oral  

Concordia  University,  Canada  

Jaumot-­‐Pascual,  Nuria  

“You  won’t  find  me  sitting.”    Gender  differences  in  meaningful  leisure  activity  of  recent  retirees  in  Northern  Spain.  

To  better  understand  the  influence  of  meaningful   leisure  activity  on  the  well-­‐being  of  older  residents  in  Northern  Spain,  we  found  that   the   classic   interpretation   of   serious   leisure   (cf.   Stebbins,   1992)   did   not   adequately   describe   those   activities   that  were  most  meaningful   and   valuable.  With   the   use   of   narrative   analysis,   20   semi-­‐structured   interviews   revealed   that   participants   developed  leisure   itineraries   that   included  a  broad  array  of  meaningful   leisure  activities   (MLAs)   that  kept   them  active  and   involved   in   their  communities.   These   itineraries   emerged   as   the   product   of   life-­‐long   involvement   but   also   as   the   result   of   life   events,   such   as  widowhood,  that  allowed  for  change  and  new  investments  of  time  and  energy,  especially  among  women.  The  interviews  indicated  that  while   some  activities   reflected   the   level   of   commitment   and   identification  with   a   leisure-­‐based   social  world   characteristic   of  activities  regarded  in  the  literature  as  serious  leisure,  the  special  and  most  beneficial  meanings  of  activities  were  those  that  allowed  them  to  develop  their  skills  and  interests,  sometimes  in  positions  of  leadership,  and  those  that  connected  both  men  and  women  with  families   and  others  having  often  only   a   casual   connection   to   the   activities.   For  men  especially,   finding  new  ways   to   integrate  old  familiar   activities   that   were   often   related   to   their   previous   jobs   into   the   changing   circumstances   of   retirement,   was   the   most  commonly  expressed  source  of  meaning.    

Scientific  Oral  

University  oif  Georgia,  United-­‐States  

Mengxian,  Zhao;  ;  Shihui,  Chen  

A  Survey  on  Senior/Elderly  Participation  in  Leisure  Activity  in  Hong  Kong  

 The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  survey  the  status  of  senior/elderly  leisure  activity  participation  and  explore  the  social  environment  of  leisure  activity,  pattern,  motivation,  benefits,  and  constrains  for  the  elderly  in  Hong  Kong.  One  hundred  thirty  participants  aged  65  and  older  from  five  nursing  homes  were  randomly  selected  to  participate  in  this  study,  and  106  survey  forms  (81.5%)  were  returned  and  used  for  the  data  analysis  for  the  study.  Data  was  analyzed  through  descriptive  statistics  (e.g.,  mean,  frequency),  and  correlation  coefficient.   The   results   indicated   that   the   leisure   activities   with   the   highest   rate   of   participation   for   elderly   were   watching   TV,  listening   to   the   radio  or  music,   and   reading  books  or  newspapers,   and   the   least  participated   in  were  yoga  or  Pilates,   fishing,   and  using  computers,  among  the  four  categories  of  leisure  activities.  The  majority  of  elderly  recognized  the  value  of  leisure  activity,  and  the  motivation  for  the  elderly  to  participate  in  leisure  activities  was  enjoyment.  Finally,  social  benefits,  from  participating  in  leisure  activities,  including  meeting  people  and  increasing  self-­‐esteem  was  also  recognized.  

Scientific  Oral  

Hong  Kong  Institute  of  Education,  Hong  Kong,  China  

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Nilsson,  Ingeborg;  Häggström  Lundevalle,  Erlingr  

The  role  of  leisure  engagement  in  an  aging  population  –  a  potential  health  promotor?  

Activities   that   older   people   are   involved   in   for   pleasure,   leisure   engagement,   is   identified   having   potential   health   benefits.   Still  though  not  very  much  is  known  about  the  characteristics  of   leisure   in  the  aging  population,  we  need  to  know  more  about  what   is  affecting   leisure   engagement   and   how   leisure   evolves   in   later   life.   In   this   study   we   wanted   to   highlight   the   nature   of   leisure  engagement  in  older  people  and  examine  the  influence  of  subjective  and  objective  health  related  indicators  of  such  engagement.  For  this  purpose  we  studied  a  population-­‐representative  sample  of  5435  persons  living  in  northern  Scandinavia,  at  the  time  for  the  study  between  65  and  80  years  of  age.  Data  were  collected  by  a  posted  questionnaire  survey  which  included  questions  related  to  objective  and  subjective  health  indicators  as  well  as  leisure  engagement.    The  data  were  analyzed  using  Rasch  rating  scale  analysis  and  linear  regression.  Preliminary  results  showed  that  level  of  leisure  engagement  decreased  from  the  youngest  to  the  oldest,  but  the  strength  of   the   relation   to   self-­‐rated   health   gradually   increases   with   age.   Moreover   level   of   self-­‐rated   health,   indicators   of   ability   and  functional   limitations   are   related   to   leisure   engagement.  Medical   conditions  were  not   a   significant   factor   in   the  model.   From   this  study   we   can   conclude   that   leisure   is   intertwined   with   objective   and   subjective   health   indicators   but   the   results   also   show   the  complexity  of  this  relationships.  In  public  health  actions  we  need  to  be  aware  of  the  characteristic  of  leisure  engagement,  highlight  leisure  in  everyday  life  and  the  potential  with  such  engagement.    

Scientific  Oral  

Umeå  University,  Sweden  

Lasat-­‐Uy,  Gilda;    Justiniano,  Johann    

Exploration  Of  Leisure  After  Stroke  From  The  Perspective  Of  Older  Filipino  Stroke  Survivors  

Cerebrovascular  accident  or  stroke  is  one  of  the  leading  causes  of  mortality  and  morbidity  around  the  world.  Common  limitations  face  the  stroke  survivor  to  return  to  their  highest   functional   level.  Despite  having  good  physical   recovery,  some  of   them  do  not  resume  full   lives  including  participation  in  leisure  activities.  Therefore,  this  study  aimed  to  explore  the  leisure-­‐lifestyle  of  five  adult  Filipino  stroke  survivors  (aged  47-­‐76;  2  females,  3  males).  Phenomenological  approach  and  thematic  analysis  were  utilized  in  this  study.  Disengagement  from  what  used  to  be  fun,  active  and  socially  driven  were  due  to  body  weakness,  speech,  mood  and  function  problems,  general  feeling  of  sadness  and  disappointment.  Withdrawing   from  friendships   to   focus  more  on  recovery/rehabilitation  to   reach  normality  became  their  end-­‐goal.  This  resulted   to   leisure   themes:   being   passive,   intimate/solitary,   spectator   in   nature,   and   family-­‐oriented.   Much   emphasis   was   placed   on  meaning  and  purpose  than  free  time  and  free  will.    Freedom  to  choose  their  leisure  activities  is  impeded  by  the  physiologic  changes  and  concept   of   self.   Family   (love   of)   is   the  most   influential   factor   in   encouraging   the   stroke   survivors   to   go   on  with   their   lives,   eventually  returning  to   leisure.  This   is  complemented  by  submission  to  a  higher  divine  power  -­‐   faith,  acceptance  of  present  condition,  and  hope  of  achieving  normality.  For  the  stroke  survivor,  leisure  is  defined  as  precious  time  with  family  (and  friends),  does  not  require  effort,  induces  happiness,  and  promotes  health  and  wellness.  Further  research  should  expand  the  understanding  of  leisure  after  stroke  in  terms  of  self-­‐concept  and  life  courses.    Scientific  Oral  

College  of  Human  Kinetics,  Univ.  of  the  Philippines      

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Vincent  Neveu  Research  in  leisure  taste  patterns  of  seniors  in  the  Netherlands.  

Due  to  the  aging  of  the  Dutch  population,  which  approximately  will  has  its  peak  in  2030  (CBS,  2014),  seniors  have  become  an  important  focus  for  touristic  organizations  and  scholars.  Because  the  leisure  preferences  and  behavior  of  these  seniors  are  relatively  unknown,  one  way  to  gain  more  insights  is  to  study  which  leisure  taste  patterns  they  have  in  relation  to  their  social  demographic  and  economic  background.  The  word  ‘taste’  can  be  explained  as  the  process  through  which  people  adopt,  as  seemingly  voluntary  preferences,  particular  lifestyles  (Carlisle  et  al.  2008).  Diversity  in  taste  results  from  differences  in  individual  background,  intrinsic  motivations,  and  the  social-­‐demographic  influences  (see  Bourdieu,  1988).  Commissioned  by  the  NHTV  University  of  Applied  Science  and  the  fictive  tourist  operator  GoneTravel,  this  paper  concerns  a  study  on  the  taste  patterns  of  three  different  senior  age  groups  in  the  Netherlands  (55  -­‐65,  65-­‐75  and  75  and  older).  The  panel  included  400  respondents,  who  filled  in  a  questionnaire  on  participation  in  various  leisure  activities.  Based  on  (hierarchical)  factor  analyses,  the  research  identified  six  multi-­‐dimensional  taste  patterns,  which  were  called:  Highbrow,  Social  outgoing,  Open  air,  Popular,  Social  entertainment  and  Easy  entertainment.  The  multiple  regression  analyses  showed  that  high  educated  seniors  from  the  age  group  55  till  65  and  65  till  75  were  associated  to  a  Highbrow  taste  patterns.  One  recommendation  from  this  research  towards  the  fictive  tourist  operator  was  therefore  to  upgrade  the  travel  packages  for  this  wealthy  age  group  with  additional  Highbrow  activities,  in  order  to  meet  their  leisure  preferences.  Furthermore,  seniors  in  the  age  group  65  till  75  from  rural  areas  were  associated  to  an  Open  air  taste  pattern.  Based  on  this  result,  this  research  recommended  the  fictive  organization  to  take  urbanization  into  account  when  it  comes  to  segregating  their  audience  into  target  groups.  It  could  also  be  concluded  that  all  of  the  three  age  groups  were  negatively  associated  to  a  ‘popular’  taste  pattern.  Therefore  this  research  recommended  that  popular  activities  should  not  be  included  in  senior  travel  packages.  

Scientific  Oral  

Breda  University  Breda,  Netherlands  

 

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Leisure  Management  

Fisher,  Lacey  Networking  World  Leisure:  Utilizing  Social  Media  to  Advance  the  Organization  

The  ways  in  which  the  World  Leisure  Organization  will  connect  and  network  out  with  its  membership  and  other  stakeholders  will  be  dramatically   influenced  by   technological  applications.    Among   the  most   important  of   these  will  be   the  use  of   social  media.    Social  media  can  be  referred  to  as  any  online  outlet  that  is  used  to  connect  with  others,  engage  in  conversation,  encourage  participation,  and   rouse   attention.     Facebook,   Twitter,   Flickr,   LinkedIn   and   others,   provide   electronic   platforms   to   connect   and   elevate   the  awareness  of  the  organization  on  a  worldwide  basis.  The   purpose   of   this   presentation   will   be   to   explore   ways   in   which   social   media   can   support   the   work   of   the   World   Leisure  Organization.    A  review  of  the  organization’s  current  methods  and  strategies  employed  will  be  offered.    In  addition,  a  discussion  of  potential  new  strategies  will  be  presented,  as  a  new  framework  is  necessary  in  order  to  standout  in  the  highly  technological  and  ever  changing  marketing  world  of  today.    A  vast  amount  of  research  focused  upon  the  effectiveness  and  reach  of  social  media  employed  by  businesses  and  non-­‐profit  organizations  is  constantly  being  conducted  and  it  is  to  the  advantage  of  the  organization  to  stay  up-­‐to-­‐date  on  this  information.      Professional  Oral  

World  Leisure  Organization  

Forester,  Brooke;  Holden,  Shelley;  Keshock,  Chris    

The  Rails-­‐to-­‐Trails  Conservancy  –  Scope,  Impact,  and  Alabama’s  Role  

The   Rails-­‐to-­‐Trails   Conservancy   (RTC)   is   a   non-­‐profit   organization   with   a   central   mission   of   linking   and   creating   a   nationwide  network   of   multipurpose   trails   from   former   railroad   lines.     With   over   150,000   members   and   20,000-­‐plus   miles   of   rail-­‐trails  throughout  the  United-­‐States  (US),  Rails-­‐to-­‐Trails  is  one  of  the  largest  conservancies  of  its  type.    Each  state  in  the  US  has  at  least  one  rail-­‐trail,  as  identified  by  the  RTC.    Typically,  a  local,  state,  or  federal  agency  purchases  an  abandoned  rail  corridor  and  then  converts  the  path  into  a  trail.  In   the   presentation,   the   organizational   structure   of   the   RTC  will   be   presented,   in   addition   to   the   accomplishments   and   potential  benefits  of  the  conservancy.    The  information  presented  will  be  particularly  important  in  highlighting  the  perceived  benefits  of  the  trails  as   the  US  continues   its   fight  against  obesity  and  decreased  physical  activity.    RTC’s  goals   include   the  development  of  public  policy  to  encourage  trail  development,  trail  advocacy,  and  serving  as  a  resource  to  those  who  undertake  trail  building  projects.    With  only  a  limited  number  of  trails  in  Alabama,  such  information  is  of  particular  importance  for  implications  on  economic  development,  tourism,  and  health  and  well-­‐being  of  the  local  population.    Lastly,  RTC  encourages  economic  development  and  enhanced  tourism  to  local  economies  as  a  result  of  rails-­‐to-­‐trails  development.  Professional  Oral  

University  of  South  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

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Hardorff,  Arend  

Trends  and  Developments  in  educating  Leisure  (Management)  professionalsWorld  Leisure  Centre  of  Excellence  Panel    

In   this   panel,   program   leaders   of   the   current   WLO   Centres   of   Excellence   and   other   partners   discussed   current   trends   and  developments  that  need  translation  into  international  leisure  (management)  programs  at  graduate  and  undergraduate  level.  After  a  short  introduction  Arend  Hardorff,  Dean  of  the  NHTV  Academy  for  Leisure  (NL),l  lead  a  debate.    Key  themes:  

•   The   ability   to   design/co-­‐create   meaningful   leisure   experiences   at   a   high   level.   This   consists   of   the   part   of   understanding  consumer  behaviour  in  leisure,  and  the  part  of  experience  design  based  on  this  understanding  and  vision;  

•  The  on-­‐going  integration  of  live  and  digital  leisure;  •  Business  modelling  and  innovationFocus  on  aspects  of  sustainability;  

The   public   debated   with   representatives   of   the   current   WLO   Centres   of   Excellence   on   the   stage;   Vancouver   Island   University,  Arizona  State  University  and  NHTV  University  Breda.  Next  to  this  Deusto  University  (Spain)  and  Rosen  College  (USA)  invited.  Also  the  audience  was  invited  to  join  the  debate.    Professional  Panel    

NHTV  University  Breda,  Netherlands  

Kim,  Minjung;  Looney,  V;Newman,  Joshua;  Im,  Bumgyu;  Kooiman,  Wade    

“Beating  the  Boss”:  A  Comparison  of  Sociocultural  Implications  of  Company  Community  Sport  (CCS)  as  a  Key  to  Work-­‐leisure  Conflict  

A  significant  amount  of  time  is  spent  at  work  today  due  to  the  blurred  boundaries  of  work  and  non-­‐work,  and  there  are  three  types  of  nonwork-­‐to-­‐work   spillover:  work-­‐family,  work-­‐community,   and  work-­‐recreation/hobby  groups.  Beginning  with   the   third   facet,  company   community   sport   (CCS)—after-­‐hours   organized   sport   leagues   usually   involving   members   of   the   same   firm   or  organization—has  in  recent  years  experienced  unprecedented  increases  in  participation.  This  phenomenon  is  unique  in  the  broader  leisure   landscape   in   regard   to  motivation   to  participate   in  CCS.  Furthermore,   sociocultural  norms  might   influence  motivation  and  ultimately  participation  rate.  Therefore,   the  main  purposes  of   this  study   is   to:   (1)  provide  a  big  picture  of  CCS,   including  different  types  of  motivation  and  expected   consequences   through  participation   in  CCS  with   coworkers,   (2)   examine   cultural  differences   in  motivations   between   CCS   participants   in   two   national   contexts   (the  United-­‐States   and   South  Korea).   In   the   proposed   conceptual  framework,   the   concept   of   CCS   is   suggested   as   a   coping   mechanism   for   work-­‐leisure   conflict,   and   it   brings   various   advantages  toward   their  workplace   such   as   organizational   commitment,   job   satisfaction,   team   cohesion,   and   trust   in   coworkers.   To   examine  cultural  differences,  research  participants  were  recruited  from  the  United-­‐States  (n  =  152)  and  South  Korea  (n  =  113)  to  conduct  the  survey.   Between   two   national   contexts,   American   participants   showed   higher   score   for   identified   regulation,   while   Korean  participants  had  higher  scores  for  external  regulation.  The  role  of  culture  in  forming  attitudes  toward  such  programs  as  CCS  as  well  as  the  organization  as  a  whole  is  important  to  modern  organizational  behavior  theories.  

Scientific  Poster  

Florida  State  University,  United-­‐States;  Yonsei  University,  South  Korea;  University  of  Northern  Iowa  ,  United-­‐States.  

Klijs,  Lizzy  

Dark  Tourism,  Understanding  Visitor  Motivations,  Emotions  and  Consequences  of  Visitors  

Humanity  has  always  had  an   interest   in  agony  and  demise.  Dating  back   to   the  gladiator   fights   that  attracted   tens  of   thousands  of  spectators,  to  watch  a  combatant  fight  with  other  gladiators,  animals  or  criminals  to  the  death.  Dark  tourism  is  tourism  associated  with  places  of  death,  suffering  and  tragedy,  often  linked  to  history.  A  reason  for  this  study  was  the  simple  concept  that  leisure  is  not  always   about  pleasure,   enjoyment   and  happiness   (Stebbins,   2007),  which  are  often  not   the  motivations  of  dark   tourists   (Foley  &  Lennon,  2010),  and  as  shows  from  other  previous  research,  visitors  often  felt  negative  emotions  such  as  shock  and  sadness  (Nawijn  &  Fricke,  2013;  Weberskirch,  2013).  The  site  of  the  study  is  connected  to  the  Second  World  War,  which  is  becoming  something  of  the  past   for  present   and   future  visitors.  The  aim  of   this   study   is   therefore   to  understand  motivations,   emotions  and   consequences   in  order  to  map  and  enhance  the  current  experience.  By  collecting  data  at  the  Battle  of  Britain  Memorial  in  the  United  Kingdom  with  a  mixed  research  methodology  (qualitative  19  &  quantitative  318),  this  study  shows  that  these  negative  emotions  can  have  positive  consequences,  and  that  age  influences  these  negative  as  well  as  positive  emotions.  These  emotions  have  an  impact  on  consequences  visitors   feel,   f.e.   wanting   to   be   a   better   person   in   the   future   and   having   learned   something   at   the  memorial.   These   findings   are  compared  to  previous  research  at  dark  tourism  sites.  

Scientific  Oral  

NHTV  Breda  University,  Netherlands  

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Li,  John  S.C.;  Tan,  Brad  

World  Leisure  Award  Scheme:  An  innovative  tool  for  people  and  enterprises  to  get  leisure  into  practice    

World  Leisure  Award  Scheme  (WLAS)  is  a  an  innovative  tool  to  promote  and  educate  the  ideal  of  leisure  and  to  encourage  people  to  put   leisure   into   practice.     WLAS   includes   incentive   to   get   people   to   practice   "meaningful   use   of   leisure   time"   and   through  involvement   in   the   scheme,   participants   can   experience   the   basic   factors   of   leisure  which   includes   freedom   of   choice,   perceived  competence,  intrinsic  motivation,  locus  of  control,  and  positive  affect.    Participants  can  benefit  from  the  involvement  in  the  scheme  to  advance  their   living  quality  and  construct  a  better   living  environment.    Caring  organisations  and  enterprises  will  be  recognised  and  contribute  to  promoting  the  scheme  and  encouraging  more  people  to  join  the  scheme.    WLAS  will  encourage  all  walks  of  people  and  organisations  to  participate  collaboratively  to  build  a  better  and  harmonious  world.    The  presentation  will  cover  the  details  of  WLAS,  how  it  can  be  organised  and  operated,  and  how  to  meet  the  target  goals.      

Professional  Oral  

WLO  Hong  Kong  Chapter,  Beijing  Normal  University,  Zhuhai,  China  

Mirehie,  Mon;  Buning,  Richard;  Gibson,  Heather  ;  Weinberg,  Morgan;  Naidoo,  Maliga;  Tsai,  Chiung-­‐Tzu  Lucetta  Tsai    

Participation  or  Non-­‐Participation:  The  Case  of  Small-­‐Scale  Sport  Events    

Over  the  past  ten  years  there  has  been  major  growth  in  the  number  of  small-­‐scale  sport  events  organized  by  communities  yielding  both   economic   and   social   benefits   (Gibson,   et   al.   2012).   This   study   investigates   the   differences   between   participants   and   non-­‐participants   of   the   Five   Points   of   Life  Marathon   Race  Weekend   (5POL),   a   charity-­‐based   event   regarded   as   the   hallmark-­‐running  event   for   Gainesville,   FL.   Data  were   collected   via   an   online   survey   after   the   event.   Respondents   (n=434)  were   both   participants  (n=322)  and  non-­‐participants  (n=112)  of   the  5POL.  The  questionnaire  contained  measures  of:   regular  charity  event  participation,  enduring  involvement,  negotiation  efficacy,  family  support,  running  participation  patterns  and  demographics.  Non-­‐participants  were  also   asked   about   participation   constraints.   A   one-­‐way   ANOVA   revealed   no   statistically   significant   differences   between   the   two  independent  samples   in   regards   to   the  key  variables.  Non-­‐participants   indicated  relatively   low  constraints   to  participation  across  seven  sub-­‐dimensions.  The  most   common  constraints   reported   through  an  open-­‐ended  question  were  having  physical   limitations  and  participating   in  an  alternative  event.  Results   suggest  although  non-­‐participants  and  participants  are  quite   similar   in   terms  of  running  participation  patterns,  the  presence  of  definite  non-­‐negotiable  constraints  prevented  event  participation.  Additionally,  non-­‐participants  mentioned  their  planned  involvement  with  other  events  prohibited  their  5POL  participation.  This  suggests  individuals  might  expand  or  contract  their  involvement  over  time,  a  notion  known  as  pulsation  (Lamont,  et  al  2011).  This  study  has  implications  for  improved  event  management  as  it  sheds  light  on  some  non-­‐negotiable  constraints  which  could  be  alleviated  by  event  organizers.    

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Florida,  United-­‐States;  University  of  Kwa  Zulu  Natal,  South  Africa;  National  Taipei  University,  Taiwan  

Penbrooke,  Teresa  Innovations  in  Community  Planning  Practices  

How   agencies   use   planning   practices,   such   as   master   plans,   site-­‐specific   plans,   needs   assessments,   and/or   comprehensive   and  strategic   plans   is   shifting,   from   a   focus   on   just   creating   documents   to   meet   funding   requirements   or   manage   capital   assets,   to  creating  a   full  comprehensive  planning  and  management  tools.  This  session  will  review  the  elements  of  several  different  planning  processes,  new  innovations  in  inventory  and  analysis,  regional  and  local  community  engagement,  and  provide  examples  and  lessons  from  successful  public  organizations.  

Professional  Oral  

NC  State  University,  GP  RED,  and  GreenPlay,  United-­‐States  

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Penbrooke,  Teresa  Resource  Allocation  and  Core  Services  -­‐  Focusing  Your  Time,  Money,  and  Energy    

Historically,   the   primary   source   of   funding   for   public   parks   and   recreation   services   was   often   public   tax   dollars.   In   today’s  economies,   this   is   no   longer   the   case.   Additionally,   the   scarce   funding   that   is   available   is   aggressively   sought   after   leaving  many  agencies  to  do  more  with  less.  To  perpetuate  the  issue,  agencies  are  expected  to  offer  a  greater  variety  of  services  to  growing  and  more   diverse   populations,   all   the  while  maintaining   high   quality   standards.     This   session  will   explore   the   economic   and  political  environment  in  which  we  work,  highlighting  the  importance  of  positioning  our  agencies  to  be  successful.  An  introduction  to  a  useful  and   progressive   approach   leading   to   financial   sustainability   includes   the   importance   of   analyzing   the   community’s   values,   the  agency’s  vision,  intensive  assessment  of  the  agency’s  current  services  determining  those  that  are  “core”  to  values  and  vision,  and  the  development   of   a   cost   recovery   and   subsidy   allocation   philosophy.   The   session   will   provide   an   overview   of   tools   that   can   help  determine  the  most  appropriate  mix  of  service  and  funding  focus  for  your  community,  using  the  Public  Sector  Services  Assessment,  and  the  Pyramid  Methodologies  as  methodologies  to  gain  consensus.      

Professional  Oral  

NC  State  University,  GP  RED,  and  GreenPlay,  United-­‐States  

Penbrooke,  Teresa  Leading  to  Change  and/or  Changing  to  Lead  

In   the  next   ten  years,   it   is  anticipated   that  as  many  as  30-­‐50%  of  agencies  will   see  substantial   turnover   in   the  Director  and  other  senior  management  roles  due  to  changing  demographics  around  the  world.    Many  of   these  positions  have  been  held  by   long-­‐term  staff,   and   the   loss   of   institutional   knowledge  may   be   very   challenging.   Organizations   need   to   be   pro-­‐active   in   their   planning   to  identify  and  bring  qualified  staff  into  these  leadership  positions.  This  session  will  identify  the  skill  sets  and  core  competencies  that  upcoming  staff  need  to  know  to  prepare  to  adequately  fill  an  executive  role,  and  how  to  get  them.    

Professional  Oral  

NC  State  University,  GP  RED,  and  GreenPlay,  United-­‐States  

Penbrooke,  Teresa  Lessons  from  Leisure  Management  Systems  Around  the  World  

Public  parks  and  recreation,  Boards,  Districts,  Foundations,  Leisure  Agencies,  Commissions,  Private,  Commercial,  Non-­‐Profit,  Faith-­‐Based.   These   are   just   some   of   the   terms   used   to   identify   the   management   structures   for   organizations   offering   leisure-­‐related  services   around   the  world.   Even   the  word   “leisure”   has   different   connotations   in   different   places.   Long   established   traditions   in  Europe  and  eastern  countries  are  very  different  that  those  in  North  America,  and  many  developing  countries  are  establishing  their  own  structures.  However,  globally  our  people  still  need  the  same  benefits:  places  and  programs  to  help  us  learn  to  facilitate  the  daily  re-­‐creation  of  body,  mind,  and  spirit  so  that  we  can  all  thrive  as  human  beings.  Teresa  Penbrooke,  MAOM,  CPRE,  Chair  of  the  WLO  Leisure  Management  Commission,  will  share  a  brief  overview  of  some  of  the  many  management  structures,  pros  and  cons  for  service  delivery,  and   lessons   learned  from  an   international  comparison  of  case  studies.  You  will  be   invited  to  offer  your  own  suggestions,  questions,  and  case  study  best  practices  so  we  can  all  continue  to  learn  how  to  best  do  what  we  do.      

Professional  Oral  

NC  State  University,  GP  RED,  and  GreenPlay,  United-­‐States  

Rapp,  John  Building  Strategic  Partnerships:  Never  walk  alone!    

 Building  strategic  partnerships:  An  interactive  presentation  that  shows  the  value  and  “how  to’s”  of  finding  and  securing  strategic  partners  for  your  organization.  Using  specific  examples  from  experience  internationally,  nationally  and  locally,  this  presentation  shows  how  the  recruitment,  engagement  and  nurturing  of  strategic  partners  can  help  organizations  leverage  their  strengths,  compensate  for  weaknesses,  capitalize  on  opportunities,  and  face  down  threats.    Alternative  presentations:    

Creating  Corporate  culture:  Mission  and  vision  only  work  when  they  are  accompanied  by  values.  What  are  your  doing  to  make  sure  that  your  staff,  both  old  and  new  know  and  live  by  your  organizational  values?  Managing  your  Board  of  Directors:  Keeping  your  board  on  track  is  something  that  requires  work  by  the  staff.  Making  sure  they  have  the  right  information,  at  the  right  level,  and  at  the  right  time  can  keep  your  board  on  the  governance  track.    

Professional  Oral  

Dovercourt  Recreation  Association,    

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Sevil,  Guven;  Kose,  Huseyin;Kaya,  Sabri;  Tokay  Argan,  Mehpare  

Project  Based  Leisure:  A  Case  Study  on  Annual  Kite  Festival  

Project-­‐based  leisure  is  reasonably  complicated,  one-­‐shot  or  occasional,   though  infrequent  but  creative  undertaking  carried  out  in  free   time   requiring   considerable   planning,   effort   and   sometimes   skill   and   knowledge   (Stebbins,   2005;   Stebbins,   2009).   As   a  consequence  of  this  definition,  a  local  annual  kite  festival  being  held  by  Anadolu  University  in  a  city  of  Eskisehir  in  Central  Anatolia  in  Turkey  can  be  assessed  as  a  project  based  leisure.  So  the  aim  of  the  study  is  to  evaluate  the  9th  Kite  Festival  (2013)  in  terms  of  project  based  leisure  applications  before,  during  and  after  the  festival  and  to  make  several  contributions  to  this  area.  In  this  study,  the  research  method  adopted  was  the  case  study  because  this   type  of  approach   is  useful   to   investigate  contemporary  phenomena  within  a  real  life  context.  Data  in  the  study  was  collected  from  primary  as  well  as  secondary  data  sources.    In  the  case  study,  the  main  data  collection  techniques  employed  was  personal  semi-­‐structured  interviewing  and  observations.  Before  the  festival,  the  sponsors  and   the   schedule  were   determined.   It  was   evaluated   from   the   perspectives   of  marketing,   public   relations   and   risk  management.  Transportation,  budgeting  and  human  resources  including  event  staff  and  volunteers  were  organized.  During  the  festival  sponsors  came   to   the   fore   and   performance   evaluation   and   participants’   experiences   was   put   forth.   Approximately,   six   thousand   people  participated  to  the  festival  and  four  thousand  kites  were  delivered.  After  the  festival,  area  was  organized  and  cleaned  for  the  next  organization  and  information  was  transferred  to  the  crew  organizing  next  festival.  

Scientific  Oral  

Kirikkale  University,  Anadolu  University,  Turkey  

Silva,  Emerson;  Bitran,  Antonio  Carlos  

The  Leisure  -­‐  Actions  and  Related  day  of  challenge  strategies  in  the  region  of  Presidente  Prudente,  SP.  

Being  one  of  the  tools  connected  to  the  spreading  the  leisure,  the  institutional  program  named  The  Challenge  Day,   is  developed  in  Brazil   with   the   TAFISA   and   SESC   partnership.The   SESC   São   Paulo   Institution   intended   to   satisfy   especially   the   employees   of  commerce,   goods,   services   and   tourism  and   the   community   in   general,   is   one  of   the  developers  and  partners   in   the  disclosure  of  program.   Objectives.   The   job   has   as   its  main   goal,   the   possibility   of   showing   the   strategies   used   by   Sesc   Thermas   in   Presidente  Prudente,  in  the  elaboration  of  actions  related  to  The  Challenge  Day  and  in  promoting  leisure  that  can  be  applied  along  with  the  local  and  regional  government.  Methodology.  A  qualitative  approach  was  used  with  the  analysis  and  interpretation  of  the  data  based  on  the   bibliography   research,   and  documental   research.  Results.   Analyzing   the  data   of   the   final   reports,   Sesc  Thermas   in  Presidente  Prudente,   could   reach   through   its   interventions   in   2010,   62   cities,   which   represents   96,8%   from   the   total   of   cities   under   its  responsibility.   In   the   following   year,   the   number   increased   to   64   cities,   representing   100%   of   the   cities   to   be   reached   by   The  Challenge  Day  Program.  Final  Considerations.  From  the  action  of  awareness,  of  discussions  about  the  community  development,  the  debate  about  the  continuous  formation  for  the  public  managers,  to  the  interpretation  about  leisure  and  sports  as  present  actions  in  various  social  policies,  make  Sesc  Thermas  in  Presidente  Prudente  play  a  singular  role  in  spreading  the  leisure.  Scientific  Oral  

SESC-­‐Thermas  de  Presidente  Prudente,  Brazil  

Smith,  Johanna  The  World  Leisure  Organization:  Review  of  the  past  decade  

Founded  in  1952  and  incorporated  in  1956,  the  World  Leisure  Organization  is  a  nonprofit,  nongovernmental  body  of  individuals  and  organizations   from   throughout   the   world.   The   World   Leisure   Organization   is   committed   to   the   belief   that   well   selected   leisure  experiences  improve  quality  of  life  for  all  ~  from  childhood  to  later  life.    This  presentation  will  provide  an  overview  on  the  history  of  the   organization;   its   mission;   goals   and   objectives;   organizing   framework;   and   programs   and   services.     More   specifically   the  presentation  will  focus  on  an  overview  of  the  activities  of  WLO  over  the  past  decade.  More  specifically,  this  includes  2004,  2006,  2008,  2010  and  2012  World  Leisure  Congresses,  2004  and  2011  World  Leisure  EXPO,  and   the  2010  and  2015  World  Leisure  Games.  The  presentation  will   also   review   the   development   of   new  World   Leisure   Centers   of   Excellence   at   Arizona   State  University,   Vancouver  Island  University  and  NHTV  Breda  University  of  Applied  Sciences.  Further,   the  presentation  will  highlight   the  changes   in   leadership  within   the   organization   over   the   past   decade   and   the   evolution   of   WLO’s   administrative   structure   including   its   Commission   and  Chapters  programs.  WLO  has  initiated  a  new  strategic  planning  process  for  2015-­‐2019.  At  the  end  of  the  current  year,  the  organization  will  conclude  its  current  strategic  plan,  "Leisure:  Enhancing  the  Human  Condition-­‐  Priorities  &  Strategies  2009-­‐2014"  and  begin  a  new  strategy  for  the  coming  years.  Particular  attention  will  be  focused  on  new  services  aimed  at  young  people  including  the  Future  Leaders  program  and  the  Young  People’s  Book  on  Leisure.    Professional  Oral  

World  Leisure  Organization  

  68  

Tower,  John;  McDonald,  Katie;  Stewart,  Bob  

Economic  contribution  of  aquatic  and  recreation  centres  

 

Aquatic   and   recreation   centres   (ARCs)   provide   people   with   an   escape   from   the   pressures   of   daily   life,   lead   to   improved   levels   of  physical  and  mental  health,  and  build  strong  social  networks  and  relationships.  The  provision  of  ARCs  by  government  in  Australia  is  a  common  feature  of  many  local  communities  but  there  is  little  research  that  documents  their  local  contribution.  This  research  identifies  the  economic  significance  of  ARCs  in  local  communities  in  Victoria,  Australia.  Economic  significance  relates  to  the  size  and  nature  of  financial  activities  of  the  ARCs.    Six  case  studies  covering  a  range  of  different  ARC  settings  were  the  basis  for  this  research.  The  research  included  i)  a  review  of  ARC  plans  and  budget  documents,   ii)   interviews  with   centre  managers  and  central   service  providers   (n  =  9),   and   iii)   surveys  of   current  users  at  the  centres  (n  =  1373).  The  results  provide  a  clear  indication  that  the  centres  are  a  significant  economic  service  provider  in  their  local  community.  In  fact,  the  economic   imperatives   of   financial   viability   dominate   the   community   service   goals.   The   ARCs   provide   a   range   of   local   facilities,  programs  and  services  that  are  used  mostly  by  local  residents;  are  an  important  employer  for  local  residents;  and  employ  a  range  or  mostly  local  contractors  to  provide  services  and  equipment.  The  Travel  Cost  Method  was  used  to  determine  the  economic  value  that  the   users   associated   with   their   use   of   the   ARCs   and   this   was   calculated   as   $A48   per   visit.   ARCs   make   an   important   economic  contribution  to  their  local  community  services.    Scientific  Oral  

Victoria  University,  Australia  

 

 Tuba  Yazici;  Settar  Kocak  

A  Validity  and  Reliability  study  of  the  "Experience  Economy  Scale”  

Experience  economy   framework   that  was  put   forth  by  Pine  and  Gilmore   (1999)   is  being  employed   today  by  a  variety  of   industries  whose  purpose  is  to  create  experiences  (Mehmetoglu  &  Engen,  2011).  In  the  present  study  data  were  collected  in  Dragon  Fest  2013  held   in  Turkey   as   purposive   sampling.   The   sample   comprised   of   358  Turkish  people,   240  male   (67%)   and  118   female   (33%).   The  experience  dimensions  were  measured  using  Oh,  Fiore  and  Jeoung’s  (2007)  Experience  Economy  Scale  that  was  founded  on  Pine  and  Gilmore’s   experience   economy   framework   (1999).   The   scale,   consisting   of   four   dimensions:   entertainment,   education,   escape,   and  esthetics,  was  found  to  be  valid  and  reliable.  Scale  translated  into  Turkish  and  adapted  by  confirmatory  factor  analysis.  CFA  with  AMOS  19  yielded  acceptable  fit  index  values  (?2  =  39.27,  df  =  14,  ?2  /  df    =  2.81;  GFI  =  0.96,  CFI  =  0.98;  RMSEA  =  0.08).  To  provide  evidence  for   the  validity  of   the  Experience  Economy  Scale,   validities  were  established  by  calculating  Pearson  correlation  coefficient  between  Olivers’  (1997)  Satisfaction  Scale  and  a  positive  correlation  was  found  (r  =  .79,p  <.01).  In  order  to  provide  evidence  for  the  reliability  of  the  scale,   internal   consistency  estimation  was  computed.   It  was  revealed   that   the  scale  had  good   internal   consistency   (a  =  89).  The  results  of  the  reliability  analyses  indicated  that  the  subscales  had  also  adequate  internal  consistency.  Cronbach  Alpha  estimation  was  found  to  be   .85  for  the  Education  subscale,   .72  for  the  Esthetic  subscale,   .80  for  the  Entertainment  subscale.  Finally,   .82  for  Escapist  subscale.        Scientific  Poster  

Middle  East  Technical  University,  Turkey  

Tuba  Yazici;  Settar  Kocak  

A  Validity  and  Reliability  study  of  the  “Hedonic  and  Utilitarian  Value  Scale"  

Previously  value  has  simply  presumed  as  a  tradeoff  between  quality  and  price.  Nowadays  value  is  regarded  more  complex,  that  other  dimensions  of  value  should  be  taken  into  consideration  (Overby  &  Lee,  2006).  In  the  present  study  data  were  collected  in  Dragon  Fest  2013  Turkey  as  purposive  sampling.  The  sample  comprised  of  358  participants,  240  male  (67%)  and  118  female  (33%).  Participants’  perceived   values   toward   festival   was   evaluated   by   utilizing   a   two-­‐dimensional   scale,   the   Hedonic   and   Utilitarian   (HED/UT)   Scale,  developed  by  Voss,  Spangenberg  and  Grohmann  (2003).  The  (HED/UT)  Scale  consists  of  10  semantic  differential  response  items,  five  measuring  the  hedonic  dimension  and  five  measuring  the  utilitarian  dimension  of   festival  participants’  perceptions.  Scale  translated  into  Turkish  and  adapted  by  confirmatory  factor  analysis.  CFA  yielded  acceptable  fit  index  values  (?2  =  75.93,  df  =  29,  ?2  /  df    =  2.61;  GFI  =  0.95,  CFI  =  0.97;  RMSEA  =  0.07).  To  provide  evidence  for  the  validity,  a  positive  correlation  was  found  (r  =  .47,  p  <  .01)  between  Experience  Economy  Scale  (Oh,  Fiore  &  Jeoung,  2007)  and  HED/UT  Scale.  The  HED/UT  Scale  had  revealed  good  internal  consistency  (a  =  86).  Reliability  analyses  indicated  that  the  subscales  had  also  adequate  internal  consistency.  Cronbach  Alpha  estimation  was  found  to  be   .93   for   the   Hedonic   Value   subscale   and   .76   for   the   Utilitarian   Value   subscale.   Findings   suggested   that   the   scale   can   be   used  successfully  to  measure  participants’  attitudes  toward  festivals  or  other  events.  Results  indicated  that  people  attend  festivals  for  both  hedonic  and  utilitarian  reasons.  Scientific  Oral  

Middle  East  Technical  University,  Turkey  

  69  

Tuba  Yazici;  Settar  Kocak  

Adaptation  and  Validation  of  the  “Consumption  Satisfaction  Scale”  

Satisfaction   is   at   the   heart   of   all   marketing   activities.   Measuring   and   managing   customer   satisfaction   is   crucial   for   the   survival,  improvement  and  success  of  service   industries   (Haahti  &  Yavas,  2005).  According   to  Antti  and  Yavas   (2005)  satisfaction   follows  an  experience   and   involves   an   assessment   of   that   experience.   Lovelock,   Patterson,   &   Walker,   (1998)   also   stated   that   satisfaction   is  experience-­‐dependent  person  must  experience   the  service   to   feel  a  degree  of   satisfaction  or  dissatisfaction.   In   this   study  data  were  collected   in  Dragon  Fest  2013  Turkey  as  purposive   sampling.  The   sample   comprised  of  358  participants,  240  male   (67%)  and  118  female  (33%).  In  order  to  measure  festival  participants’  satisfaction,  Olivers’  (1997)  12  item  consumption  satisfaction  scale  was  used  as  the  way  Williams  and  Soutar  (2009)  employed  4  item  from  in  an  adventure  tourism  context.  The  scale  translated  into  Turkish  and  adapted  by  confirmatory  factor  analysis.  CFA  yielded  acceptable  fit  index  values  (?2  =  12.09,  df  =  2;  GFI  =  0.98,  CFI  =  0.98;  RMSEA  =  0.10).  The  cronbach  alpha  reliability  coefficient  for  the  instrument  was  found  to  be   .92  by  Williams  and  Soutar  (2009).  In  this  study  internal  consistency  was  found  as  .83  and  the  item-­‐total  correlation  ranged  from  .61  to  .70.  To  provide  further  evidence  for  the  validity  of   the   satisfaction   Scale,   a   positive   correlation   was   found   (r   =   .52,   p   <   .01)   between   Satisfaction   Scale   and   HED/UT   Scale   (Voss,  Spangenberg  &  Grohmann,  2003).  Results  revealed  that  the  scale  can  be  used  successfully  to  measure  participants’  satisfaction  level  in  festivals  or  other  events.      Scientific  Oral  

Middle  East  Technical  University,  Turkey  

 

Tuba  Yazici;  Settar  Kocak;  Irmak  Hurmeric  Altunsoz.  

Proposing  a  Model  to  Examine  the  Effect  of  Experiential  Marketing  on  Satisfaction  and  Behavioral  Intentions  of  Festival  Participants  

The  aim  of  the  present  study  was  to  investigate  the  predictors  of  behavioral  intentions  within  a  model  including  experience,  value,  and  satisfaction   components   among   Turkish   participants   of   Dragon   Fest   2013.   More   specifically,   the   present   study   examined   to   what  extend   the   various   variables;   esthetic   exerience,   escapist   experience,   entertainment   experience,   education   experience;   hedonic   and  utilitarian  values  and  festival  satisfaction  components  predict  behavioral  intentions  and  how  combination  of  these  variables  operated  to   lead   to   engage   in   positive   future   behaviors.   Using   an   experiential   marketing   approach,   a  model   was   tested   in   which   perceived  experiences   and   perceived   values   were   proposed   to   interact   with   festival   satisfaction   to   predict   future   behavioral   intentions.   The  proposed  model  was  tested  by  using  path  analysis  via  AMOS  19  (Arbuckle,  2010).  The  result  of  the  analysis  revealed  that  hypothesized  relationships  was  well  supported  by  the  data  (?2  =  16.76,  df  =  5;  GFI  =  0.99,  CFI  =  1.00,  AGFI  =  0.99;  RMSEA  =  00)  derived  from  410  (131  Female,  279  Male)  festival  participants.  Behavioral  intentions  was  significantly  and  directly  predicted  from  festival  satisfaction.  Satisfaction  explained  89%  of  the  total  variance  in  behavioral   intentions.  In  addition,   festival  satisfaction  was  significantly  predicted  from  perceived  education,  esthetic,  entertainment,  and  escapist  experiences  along  with  perceived  utilitarian  and  hedonic  values.  These  variables  explained  75%  of  the  total  variance  in  festival  satisfaction.  As  a  conclusion  the  findings  derived  from  the  present  study  both  statistically   and   theoretically   supported   the   importance   of   experiential  marketing   on   satisfaction   and   future   behavioral   intentions.    Scientific  Oral  

Middle  East  Technical  University,  Turkey  

Zimmermann,  Jo  An;  Nunes,  Chris  

A  Pilot  Study  of  Resource  Allocation  Preferences:    Recreation  Administrators  Compared  to  Community  Members  

Every  year  millions  of  people  participate  in  recreation,  leisure  and  sport.    Recreation  agencies  are  challenged  to  provide  a  broad  range  of  programs  and  services   for  all  segments  of   the  population.  One   issue  confronting  providers  of  recreation  services   is  deciding  how  scarce  resources  should  be  allocated  to  meet  the  demands  expressed  by  their  constituents.  Fishbein  (1963)  suggests  that  a  person’s  attitude  toward  something  is  a  function  of  their  beliefs  and  that  there  is  an  evaluative  aspect  to  that  attitude.  The  attitude  and  beliefs  that   recreation   administrators   have   regarding   the   delivery   of   services   become   significant   because   they   guide   decision-­‐making  regarding  how  to  allocate  resources  as  well  as  being  responsible  for  implementing  policy.  According  to  Fisher  (1998),  administrators  use  their  values  and  beliefs  when  making  allocation  decisions.  There  are  three  goals  for  this  research:  1)  To  gain  an  understanding  of  the  attitudes  held  by  administrators  in  parks  and  recreation  agencies  toward  the  allocation  of  resources  for  the  provision  of  recreation  services;   2)   To   confirm   the   existence   of   a   gap   between   espoused   values   and   preferred   values;   and   3)   To   compare   attitudes   of  recreation  administrators  to  those  of  the  general  community.  For  this  pilot  study,  data  will  be  collected  from  a  convenience  sample  of  recreation   professionals   in   public   recreation   agencies   and   general   community  members   using   a  modified   version   of   the   Resource  Allocation   Preferences   Survey.   Analysis   will   be   conducted   to   validate   the  modified   survey   instrument.  Within   and   between   group  analyses  will  be  conducted  on  espoused  values,  preferred  values  and  the  gap  between  the  two  levels.    

Texas  State  University,  The  Woodlands  Township  Parks  and  Recreation,  United-­‐States  

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Scientific  Oral  

 

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Leisure  Research•  

Andereck,  Kathleen  Introduction  WLCE  Arizona  State  University  

The  presentation  (25  minutes)  focuses  on  the  Master  of  Science  and  the  PhD  in  Community  Resources  and  Development  at  Arizona  State  University.   Both   degrees   are   interdisciplinary   in   nature   and   focus   on   recreation,   tourism   and   sports   as   mechanisms   to   improve  community  quality  of  life  and  well-­‐being.  The  MS  degree  prepares  students  to  analyze  and  understand  critical  topics  and  issues  pertinent  to   the   fields   of   recreation,   leisure,   tourism,   nonprofits   and   community   development.   Students   select   one   of   the   four   emphasis   areas:  sustainable   communities;   tourism;   parks   and   recreation   management;   or   nonprofits   and   non-­‐governmental   organizations.   The   PhD  program   builds   on   the   current   mission   of   SCRD   where   the   concept   of   building   sustainable   and   healthy   communities   is   the   unifying  principle   in   the   focus   areas   of   parks   and   recreation   management,   tourism   development   and   management,   nonprofit   leadership   and  management,  and  community  studies.    Although  students  usually  align  with  one  specific  track,  their  scholarship  is  interdisciplinary  and  collaborative.    Research  generally  occurs  within   two   thematic   areas:   sustainability   and  economic   and   community  development   for   the  public  good.  Scientific  poster  

Arizona  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Argan,  Metin;  Akyildiz,  Muge;  Tokay  Argan  

A  Descriptive  Study  on  Motivations  of  Spring  Festival  as  A  Special  Event  in  Turkey  

Special   event   and   festivals   in   university   campuses   have   increased   in   number   and   size,   with   various   purposes   including   enhancing  entertainment  and  organizational  culture  and  providing  campus  recreation  opportunities.  In  the  all  of  the  events,  motivation  is  one  of  the  important  salient  aspects  has  received  significant  attention  since  the  early  1990s  (Yolal  et  al.,  2012).  In  the  most  of  studies,  the  scholars  or  researchers   (e.g.,   Backman   et   al.,   1995;   Schneider   and   Backman,   1996;   Uysal   et   al.,   1993)   underline   escape,   excitement,   novelty,  socialization,  family  togetherness  and  relaxing  as  factors  of  motivations  in  special  events  or  festivals.  A  questionnaire  used  for  this  study  consisted  of  four  sections.  The  first  section  was  comprised  of  18  statements  related  to  motives  of  spring  festival  attendees.  The  statement  in   the   first   section   adapted   from   literature   (Crompton   and  McKAy,   1997;   Lee,   2000;   Lee,   Lee   and  Wicks,   2004;  Nicholson   and  Pearce,  2001).   The   second   section   of   the   questionnaire   includes   six   items   about   satisfaction,   loyalty   and  word-­‐of-­‐mouth   (Kao,   Huang   an  Wu,  2008)  as  dependent  variables.  The  third  section  was  related  with  festival  participant  behavior.  The   last  section  was  designed  to  collect  demographic  of  respondents.  The  sample  comprised  of  university  students  who  attended  the  “2011  Spring  Festival”  at  Anadolu  University  in  province  of  Eskisehir,  Turkey.    A  total  of  400  questionnaires  were  distributed,  250  of  which  were  completely  answered,  resulting  in  a  return  rate  of  62.5  percent.  Exploratory  factor  analysis  revealed  four  factors  titled  as  ‘entertainment’,  ‘escape’,’  novelty’  and  ‘socialization’.  There  are  significant  relationships  (p<0.01)  between  motivational  factors  and  satisfaction,  loyalty,and  word-­‐of-­‐mouth.            Scientific  Oral  

Anadolu  University,Bilecik  Seyh  Edebali  University,  Turkey  

                                                                                                                         •  Many  abstracts,  registered  under  this  track  by  their  author,  could  appear  under  other  tracks,  the  Editor  choose  to  respect  authors  decision.  

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Creighton-­‐Smith,  Belinda;  Jn  Baptiste  Theodora;  Fadlalddin,  Noha    

Examining  Linkages  Between  Social  Capital  and  Subjective  Well-­‐Being  

Research   suggests   that   the   decline   in   social   capital   adversely   impacts  well-­‐being   (Putnam,   2000;   Florida,   2012;   Jurin,   2012).   Putnam  (2000)  indicates  that,  "the  core  idea  of  social  capital  theory  is  that  social  networks  have  value"  (p.  18)  and  social  capital  reveals  the  ways  in   which   our   lives   are   made   richer   by   our   connections   to   each   other.   According   to   Jurin   (2012),   the   decline   in   those   various   social  networks   negatively   influence   life   satisfaction   and   well-­‐being.   In   addressing   well-­‐being,   Carruthers   and   Hood   observe   that   the   term,  “brings   to   mind   concepts   such   as   happiness,   self   actualization,   optimism,   vitality,   self-­‐acceptance,   a   purpose-­‐driven   life,   optimal  functioning,  life  satisfaction  and  others"  (2004,  p.  228),  which  describes  one's  overall  quality  of  life.  Existing  evidence  suggests  there  is  a  potential  linkage  between  social  capital  and  well-­‐being.  As  defined  by  Ryan  and  Deci  (as  cited  by  Carruthers  &  Hood,  2004),  one  approach  to  understanding  well-­‐being   is   the  hedonic.  The  hedonic  approach  also  known  as   subjective  well-­‐being   (SWB)   reflects  Fava  and  Ruini,  2003,  p.  47)  description  of  well-­‐being  as  the  experience  of  "positive  emotions  versus  negative  emotions  and  with  satisfaction  in  various  domains  of  one's  life”  (p.228).    Diener  makes  a  similar  connection  that  "Subjective  well-­‐being  (SWB)  refers  to  people's  [own]  evaluation  of  their   lives   -­‐   evaluations   that  are  both  affective   [emotional  process]  and  cognitive   [mental  processes]"   (2000,  p.  34).Our   interests   lie   in  exploring  the  linkages  and  possible  correlation  between  social  capital  and  subjective  well-­‐being.  Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Northern  Iowa,  United-­‐States    

Crow,  Angela;  Broach,  Ellen  

Rights  and  risks  of  recreational  cycling:  a  study  on  experiences  of  cycling  

The  purpose  of  this  presentation  is  to  identify  preliminary  findings  from  a  bicycling  study  that  targets  a  group  of  older  avid  bicyclists  in  the  United-­‐States,  asking  them  to  provide  us  with  a  sense  of  four  interrelated  issues:  first,  their  reasons  for  cycling  and  the  pleasure  they  receive  from  cycling;  second,  their  assessment  of  the  risks  associated  with  cycling  on  roads  with  motorists;  third,  their  understanding  of  rules  for  cycling  on  shared  roads;  and  finally,  their  responses  to  contemporary  online  debates  regarding  whether  cyclists  have  a  right  to  be  on  the  road.  The  aim  of  this  ongoing  project  is  to  find  out  how  people's  attitudes  towards  debates  about  cyclists'  rights  to  be  on  various  roads  is  correlated  with  individuals'  experiences  cycling.  In   this  discussion  of  research  we  describe  our  questionnaire,  methodology   for   the  current  study,  and  the  preliminary   findings  we  have  gathered  from  targeted  populations  of  cyclists  and  motorists.  The  overall  discussion  is  designed  to  explore  the  sense  of  risk  assessment  of  cyclists  in  relation  to  the  enjoyment  they  gain  from  cycling,  and  the  findings  of  cyclists’  perceptions  of  online  arguments  about  rights  to  the  road.  The  aim  of  this   focus   is   to  contribute  to  continuing  debates  about  cyclists'  rights  to  the  road  and  conversations  regarding  the  risks  associated  with  this  recreational  sport.  Scientific  Oral  

James  Madison  University,  University  of  South  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

Dixon,  Harriet  E.  T.;  Dixon,  Anthony  W.  

Catalyzing  Life  Experiences  As  Intervening  Conditions  Between  Leisure  Being  Constrained  and  Initiation  of  Coping  Process  to  Overcome  Constraints  to  Leisure  

A   theoretical   framework   of   constraints   to   leisure   and   successful   coping   process   was   developed   following   grounded   theory   design   of  Strauss  and  Corbin  (1990).    Constraints   to   leisure  are  conditions  or  contexts  preventing  people   from  participating   in  a   leisure  activity.    Swimming  was  the   leisure  activity  of   focus.    Theoretical  and  convenience  sampling  methods  were  used.  Data  was  gathered  through   in-­‐depth,  semi-­‐structured   interviews  and  analyzed  with  open,  axial,  and  selective  coding.  Study  participants   included  28  adults  of  varying  age   and   ethnic   background   stating   they   were   interested   in   swimming   earlier   in   life   but   were   constrained   from   participating.    This   abstract   focuses   on   part   of   the   theoretical   framework,   specifically   the   intervening   condition   occurring   between   leisure   being  constrained   and   initiation   of   coping   process   to   overcome   constraints   to   leisure.     The   intervening   condition   was   a   catalyzing   life  experience,  which  refers  to   life  experiences  serving  as  the  cause  of  change.    Catalyzing   life  experiences  are  grouped  into  categories:    1)    not   knowing   how   to   swim   affecting   participation   in   other   leisure   activities,   2)     social   pressure   and   support   from   friends   and   family  members   to   take   swimming   lessons   3)     swimming   self-­‐efficacy   increase   through   vicarious   experiences   watching   or   talking   to   peers  succeeding  at  learning  to  swim,  and  4)    life  reflection,  the  act  of  reflecting  back  upon  one’s  life  and  realizing  learning  to  swim  is  something  he/she  has  wanted  to  do,  yet  has  not.      In   this   theoretical   framework,   once   the   catalyzing   life   experience   occurred,   study   participants  moved   onto   the   process   of   successfully  coping  with  constraints  to  leisure.  Scientific  Oral  

Troy  University  

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Doepker,  Edie  

Building  a  culture  of  recreation  knowledge  management  and  sharing:  The  Leisure  Information  Network's  National  Recreation  Database  

The  Leisure   Information  Network   (LIN)   is   committed   to   the   enhancement  of   recreation   education   and   the  promotion  of   authoritative,  relevant  and  sector-­‐related  information  through  its  curation,  preservation  and  dissemination.  LIN’s  goal  is  to  promote  the  role  of  Leisure  in  supporting  the  health  and  quality  of  life  of  Canadians,  and  the  contributions  of  the  sector  in  building  vital,  flourishing  communities  and  environmental   sustainability.   Now   is   an   exciting   period   of   transition   and   growth   as   LIN   moves   from   an   information   repository   to   a  progressive  organization  working  with  partners  like  the  World  Leisure  Organization  to  proactively  source  data,  resources  and  materials  to  create  collections  specific   to  topics  of  pressing  concern  or  topical   interest.As  we  work  to  build  and  refine  a  sector-­‐specific  culture  of  knowledge  management,  we   strive   to   share   information  with  practitioners   in  ways   that   are  both   accessible   and   contextual   to   support  excellence   in   research,   programming   and   policy  making.         Our   focus   on   using   evolving   and   popular   technologies   to   reach   users   and  creating   topic   specific   micro-­‐collections   (as   information   sets   or   stand-­‐alone   websites)   are   two   ways   LIN   guides   users   through   our  extensive   database   to   the   information   that  meets   individual   needs.     To   ensure   our   collections   are  meeting   practitioner   needs  we   are  committed  to  our  role  as  a  collaborative  agent  working  with  organizations  in  Canada  and  abroad  to  enhance  our  awareness  of  areas  of  interest   and   to   provide   information   that   supports   research,   improves   program   delivery   and   enables   the   creation   of   recreation  frameworks  and  policy  planning  for  the  betterment  of  the  sector.  Professional  Oral  

Leisure  Information  Network,  Canada  

Ehsani,  Mohammad;  Keshkar,  Sara  

Recreational  sport  in  Iran:  An  investigation  of  students’  participation  and  constraints  

This  paper  seeks  to  add  to  our  knowledge  of  participation  in  recreational  sports  by  a  population  about  which  relatively   little   is  known,  that  of  students  in  Iran.  In  this  study,  the  model  of  constraints  (intra-­‐personal,   interpersonal,  and  structural),  as  proposed  by  Crawford,  Jackson  and  Godbey  (1991),  was  tested  and  its  relationship  with  actual  participation  levels  in  specific  recreational  sports  activities  in  Iran  was   examined.   The   results   showed   that   Intrapersonal   constraints   together   with   time-­‐related   constraints   were   the   most   powerful  predictors  of  sport  participation/non-­‐participation.  Time,  lack  of  interest,  lack  of  facilities,  lack  of  skill/ability  and  health/fitness  related  constraints  were  shown  to  be  significantly  related  to  the  frequency  of  sport  participation.  Both  the  combined  male  and  female  sample,  and  the  separate  male,  and  female  samples  were  found  to  be  influenced  most  by  structural  constraints.  The  implications  of  these  findings  are  discussed  in  terms  of  the  planning,  provision  and  management  of  sport-­‐related  services  in  the  area  of  the  study.      Scientific  Oral  

Tarbiat  Modares  University,  Allameh  Tabataba’i  University,  Iran  

Ehsani,  Mohammad;  Keshkar,  Sara  

Recreational  sport  in  Iran:  An  investigation  of  students’  participation  and  constraints  

This  paper  seeks  to  add  to  our  knowledge  of  participation  in  recreational  sports  by  a  population  about  which  relatively   little   is  known,  that  of  students  in  Iran.  In  this  study,  the  model  of  constraints  (intra-­‐personal,   interpersonal,  and  structural),  as  proposed  by  Crawford,  Jackson  and  Godbey  (1991),  was  tested  and  its  relationship  with  actual  participation  levels  in  specific  recreational  sports  activities  in  Iran  was   examined.   The   results   showed   that   Intrapersonal   constraints   together   with   time-­‐related   constraints   were   the   most   powerful  predictors  of  sport  participation/non-­‐participation.  Time,  lack  of  interest,  lack  of  facilities,  lack  of  skill/ability  and  health/fitness  related  constraints  were  shown  to  be  significantly  related  to  the  frequency  of  sport  participation.  Both  the  combined  male  and  female  sample,  and  the  separate  male,  and  female  samples  were  found  to  be  influenced  most  by  structural  constraints.  The  implications  of  these  findings  are  discussed  in  terms  of  the  planning,  provision  and  management  of  sport-­‐related  services  in  the  area  of  the  study.      Scientific  Oral  

Tarbiat  Modares  University,  Allameh  Tabataba’i  University,  Iran  

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Finnerty-­‐Monu,  Jessica  Determining  Motives  to  Exercise  using  the  Exercise  Benefits/Barriers  Scale  

Throughout   the   last   century  major   changes  have   taken  place   in   the  way  people   live,   that   resulted   in  a   tremendous   impact  on  physical  activity  levels.  Traditionally,  a  majority  of  individuals  engaged  in  physical  activity  through  their  occupations  and  household  duties,  while  currently  most   individuals  obtain  their  physical  activity  through  their   leisure  time  activities.  The  contributing  factors  to  these  changing  times  are  new  technology,  growth  of  television  watching,  increased  car  use,  and  the  accompanying  development  of  urban  and  suburban  infrastructure.  Although  most  of   these   factors  were   intentionally  created   to   increase  productivity,  many  of   their  side  effects  have  been  detrimental  for  individuals’  health.    This  study  used  the  Exercise  Benefits/Barriers  Scale  (EBBS)  to  evaluate  the  perceived  benefits  and  perceived  barriers  of  participating  in  physical  activity.  Participants  were  undergraduate  students  from  a  southeastern  state  university  ranging  in  age  from  18  to  49.  The  EBBS  was  analyzed  using  a  Rasch  measurement  computer  program  called  FACETS  (Linacre,  2002),  and  examined  the  level  of  exercise  benefits  and   barriers   through   model-­‐data   fit,   item   difficulty,   and   map   distribution   of   item   difficulty   and   person’s.      The  three  items  least  likely  to  influence  an  individual  to  exercise  were  “My  family  members  do  not  encourage  me  to  exercise”,  “Exercise  takes  too  much  time  from  family  relationships”,  and  “I  think  people  in  exercise  clothes  look  funny”.  The  three  items  that  were  most  likely  to   influence   an   individual   to   exercise   were   “Exercise   improves   the   way   my   body   looks”,   “Exercise   gives   me   a   sense   of   personal  accomplishment”,  and  “Exercising  improves  functioning  of  my  cardiovascular  system”.  Scientific  Oral  

Middle  Tennessee  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Genoe,  Rebecca;  Liechty,  Toni;  Marston,  Hannah;  Sutherland,  Victoria  

Using  online  research  methods  to  understand  the  transition  to  retirement  among  baby  boomers  

In   2011,   the   first  wave   of   Canadian   baby   boomers   turned   65.     The   baby   boom   generation   is   expected   to   be  markedly   different   from  previous  generations  of  older  adults,  particularly  as  traditional  notions  of  retirement  change.    Accordingly,  it  is  relevant  to  explore  how  baby   boomers   experience   the   role   of   leisure   within   the   transition   to   retirement.   Stebbins   (2010)   argued   that   traditional   qualitative  methods  are  limiting  when  studying  leisure  activities,  and  Internet  research  can  be  used  to  reach  a  broader  audience,  particularly  since  seniors  use  the  Internet  to  have  fun  (e.g.  playing  games,  sharing  stories)  (Nimrod,  2010).    As  such,  we  adopted  online  research  methods.  In  this   methodological   presentation,   we   will   describe   how   we   used   an   online   blog,   similar   to   an   asynchronous   focus   group,   to   gather  qualitative  data  on  the  transition  to  retirement.    Two  groups  of  baby  boomers  posted  on  the  blog  over  three  phases  of  data  collection.    We  asked  participants  to  post  on  the  blog  about  seven  times  in  each  two-­‐week  phase.    Participants  were  given  a  set  of  guiding  questions  to  consider  when  posting.    In  this  presentation,  we  will  explore  the  challenges  of  online  qualitative  data  collection  as  well  as  opportunities  that  emerged  through  our  approach  to  data  collection.     Issues  that  will  be  addressed  include  the  challenges  and  benefits  of  building  an  online   community,   negotiating   the   researchers’   roles   regarding   posting   on   the   blog,   and   management   of   the   blog   and   online   data  collection.    Future  directions  regarding  online  qualitative  leisure  research  with  older  adults  will  be  considered.  

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Regina,  Canada;  Clemson  University,  United-­‐States;German  Sport  University,  Germany;  University  of  Regina,  Canada    

Gomes,  Christianne  LEISURE  CONCEPTS  IN  LATIN  AMERICA:  A  CONCEPTUAL  ANALYSIS  

Analysis   of   the   concepts   of   leisure   of   lectures,   professionals   and   studants   linked   to   five   master   degree's   programs   in  Leisure/Recreation/Free  Time  developed  in  four  Latin  American  countries:  Brazil,  Costa  Rica,  Ecuador  and  Mexico.  The  methodology  of  this  qualitative  research  included  literature  research  and  interviews  with  25  volunteers.  The  results  showed  that  the  respondents  from  Mexico  conceptualized  the  leisure  as  a  subjective  experience.   In  Costa  Rica,  the  concept  of   leisure  is  considered  a  synonym  of  the  word  "esparcimiento"  (in  Spanish),  which  is  associated  with  the  aspect  of  attitude.  In  Ecuador  the  concepts  were  varied.  In  Brazil,  leisure  was  understood  as  a  cultural  phenomenon,  in  contrast  to  the  other  countries.    Scientific  Oral  

Universidade  Federal  de  Minas  Gerais,  Brazil  

Hover,  Moniek  Introduction  of  Master  Classes  World  Leisure  Centers  of  Excellence  

This   short   session   (10  minutes)   introduced   the  Master   Classes   of   the   current  World   Leisure   Centers   of   Excellence:   Vancouver   Island  University  (Canada),  NHTV  Breda  University  (the  Netherlands)  and  Arizona  State  University  (US).  In  this  session  academics  from  each  of  these  universities  will  present  a  central  theme  of  research  and  education  within  the  leisure  program  at  their  universities.  The  session  is  open  to  all  conference  visitors  and  we  specifically  invite  students/young  professionals  to  join  these  master  classes.  Scientific  Oral  

Breda  University  Breda,  Netherlands  

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Hover,  Moniek  Storytelling  and  meaningful  (leisure)  experiences  

This  master  class  is  the  second  of  three  master  classes  by  the  three  World  Leisure  Centres  of  Excellence.  It  will  highlight  storytelling  as  a  phenomenon  and  the  role  it  plays  in  bringing  about  meaningful  (leisure)  experiences,  from  the  perspective  of  (leisure)  suppliers  and  that  of  consumers.  Furthermore,  the  universal  and  timeless  functions  of  storytelling    will  be  discussed.    Various    applications    of  (implicit  and  explicit)  storytelling  in  (leisure)  practices  will  be  presented,  ranging  from  theme  parks  to  events  to  museums.  Outcomes  of  research  into  the  experience  of   the  Anne  Frank  House   in  Amsterdam    will  be  discussed.  Dr  Moniek  Hover   is  Professor   in  Storytelling  at  NHTV  Breda  University  of  Applied  Sciences  (Breda,   the  Netherlands),  where  she  teaches   in  programs  of   the  professional  and  the  academic  bachelor  and  master  in  the  field  of  leisure.  She  leads  the  research  program  line  of  storytelling,  leisure  experience  and  consumer  behavior.      

Scientific  Oral  

Breda  University  Breda,  the  Netherlands  

Howard,  Keith;  Floyd,  Myron;  Bocarro,  Jason  

Race,  Leisure,  and  Socioeconomic  Status:  A  Review  of  Recent  Literature  

Leisure  is  a  key  component   in  maintaining  positive  measures  of  wellness.    Access  to,  and  time  available  for   leisure,  however,   is  not  the  same  for  all  individuals.    Socio-­‐demographic  variables  such  as  race,  gender,  and  socioeconomic  status  (SES)  can  limit  leisure  involvement  and  its  potential  health  benefits.    In  recent  years,  the  association  between  socioeconomic  status  and  leisure  has  not  been  evident  in  the  literature.    The  aim  of   this   study  was   to   systematically   identify   and  examine  articles  pertaining   to   SES   in   four  major   journals   (Leisure  Sciences,   Leisure   Studies,   Journal   of   Leisure   Research,   and   Loisir   et   Societe)   over   a   thirty-­‐year   period   (1984-­‐2013).  Thirty-­‐three   percent   of   the   studies   included   examinations   of   leisure   preferences   of   racial  minority   groups,   though   only   seven   percent  involved  Latinos  or  non-­‐African  American  minorities.   Furthermore,   the  majority  of   these   studies   involved   comparisons  between   racial  groups  rather  than  within,  thus  overlooking  potential  socioeconomic  differences  among  minority  groups.    In  fact,  only  eleven  percent  of  articles   examined   included  measures   of   educational   attainment—a  precursor   to   economic   standing   and   access   to   leisure   opportunity.  Studies   examining   effects   of   intergenerational  mobility,   residential   location,   and   spatial   assimilation   should   be   considered,   along  with  investigations   of   leisure   patterns   among   racial   minorities   at   higher   SES   levels.     In   spite   of   recent   social   and   economic   strides,  discrimination   and   racial   prejudice   remain   as   limiting   factors   to   class   status   attainment   for  many   individuals.     Studies   involving   SES  variables,  therefore,  may  provide  clues  about  the  effects  of  factors  such  as  discriminatory  behavior  and  symbolic  boundary  formation  on  patterns  of  leisure  among  different  race  groups.  

Scientific  Oral  

NC  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Iarmolenko,  Svitlana;  Chick,  Garry  

Cultural  Consensus  in  Leisure,  Leisure  Constraints,  and  Leisure  Satisfaction  in  Six  Cities  in  China  

Leisure   satisfaction   refers   to   the   positive   feelings   associated   with   participation   in   leisure   activities.   Research   shows   that   it   relates  positively   to  physical   and  mental  health,   subjective  wellbeing,  happiness,  quality  of   life,   satisfaction  with   family  and  marital   life,   and  negatively  with  stress  and  depression.  However,   the  sources  of   leisure  satisfaction  have  been  rarely  examined   (Prvu,  Navar,  Yaffe,  &  Hagar,  1999).  In  a  previous  study  of  leisure  and  leisure  constraints  in  China,  we  demonstrated  that  leisure  constraints  have  a  negative  influence   on   leisure   satisfaction   while   the   influence   of   cultural   consonance   in   leisure   is   positive.   In   this   study,   we   use   hierarchical  regression  to  examine  a  full  range  of  demographic  and  sociographic  variables,  including,  gender,  age,  education,  income,  marital  status,  and  household  size  (Block  1),  in  addition  to  cultural  consonance  (Block  2),  leisure  constraints  in  leisure  (Block  3),  and  self-­‐rated  health  (Block  4)  as  precursors  to  leisure  satisfaction  among  residents  of  six  large  cities  in  China.  Demographic  variables  of  the  first  block  did  not   exhibit   a   significant   effect,  while   each   subsequent   block   significantly   increased   variance   explained.  The   inclusion  of   all   variables  explained   about   13%   of   variance   in   leisure   satisfaction.   Of   these   variables,   income,   cultural   consensus,   and   health   had   a   significant  positive  effect,  while  psychological  and  time  constraints  had  a  significant  negative  effect  on  leisure  satisfaction.    

Scientific  Oral  

Georgia  Southern  University,Pennsylvania  State  University,    United-­‐States  

 

  76  

Kaya,  Sabri;  Gurbuz,  Bulent    

The  Relationship  between  leisure  satisfaction  and  life  satisfaction  in  Turkish  Society  

This  study  examines  the   leisure  satisfaction  and   life  satisfaction  of  Turkish  peoples  with  respect   to  some  demographic  variables,  and  tests   the   relationship  between   leisure   satisfaction  and   life   satisfaction.  For   this  exploratory   study,   a   total  of  434   individuals   (Mage  =  27.24   ±   8.89)   participated   and   answered   the   Leisure   Satisfaction   Scale   (LSS)   and   Satisfaction   with   Life   Scale   (SWLS).   Descriptive  statistical  methods,   t   test,  ANOVA,  MANOVA  and  correlation  analysis  were  used   in   the  data  analysis.  T-­‐test  analyses  revealed   that  no  significant  (p  >  .05)  difference  in  the  life  satisfaction  scores  between  male  and  female  participants.  ANOVA  analyses  indicated  that  there  were  no  significant  (p  ?  .05)  differences  in  life  satisfaction  scores  among  the  age  groups.  However,  life  satisfaction  scores  were  differed  significantly   (p   <   .05)   with   respect   to   frequency   of   participation.   Analyses   indicated   that   there   were   significant   (p   <   .05)   mean  differences  in  the  leisure  satisfaction  scores  in  Psychological  and  Relaxation  regarding  to  gender.    Male  participants  were  consistently  more  satisfied  than  females  in  the  aforementioned  subscales.  The  only  significant  (p  <  .05)  mean  difference  was  found  among  the  age  groups  in  Psychological  sub-­‐scale.  There  were  also  significant  differences  (p  <  .01)  in  all  sub-­‐scales  of  LSS  with  respect  to  frequency  of  participation   to   leisure.   Further,   all   the   six   leisure   satisfaction   components   correlated   positively   with   the   life   satisfaction.   As   a  conclusion,  the  higher  the  frequency  of  participation  in  leisure  activities,  the  higher  the  life  satisfaction  and  leisure  satisfaction.    

Scientific  Oral  

Kirikkale  University,  Turkey  

Keshock,  Christopher  M.;  Forester  Brooke  ;  Holden,  Shelley      

Event  Attendees  and  Sponsorship  Target  Market  Matching:  An  Analysis  of  the  BayFest  Music  Festival  

Efforts  to  raise  external  revenue  to  cover  the  burgeoning  operational  costs  from  hosting  entertainment  events  continues  to  escalate.  This  is  especially  true  when  popular  artists  and  entertainers  serve  as  a  drawing  mechanism  to  increase  attendance  and  improve  or  sustain  the  quality   of   festivities.   Ostensibly,   the   procurement   of   event   sponsorship   serves   as   a  mechanism   to     lessen   this  mounting   cost   burden.  Enticing   companies   and   legitimizing   their   potential   return   on   event   sponsorship   investment   has   inevitably   become   a   necessary  persuasion  tactic.  Even  though  numerous  sponsorship  objectives  exist  that  would  improve  the  position  or  generate  sales  for  a  sponsor  the  act  of  reaching  potential  customers  at  an  event  gathering  is  relevant.  In  an  attempt  to  target  market  match  event  spectators  with  similar  company   sponsor   customers   data   was   collected   (N=1,047)   from   attendees   at   the   2013   BayFest   Music   Festival   in   Mobile,   Alabama.  Demographic,  geographic,  repeat  attendance,  and  attitudinal  responses  to  survey  questions  in  a  random  sampling  of  event-­‐goers  over  a  three  day  period  was  performed  and  entered  into  a  SPSS  software  package.  Information  was  then  used  to  create  an  audience  audit  and  fan  profile  for  sponsorship  proposals.  Further  data  mining  proved  useful  for  place  advertising  at  gated  entrances,  to  enact  stage  sponsors,  and  spawn  sponsorship  activation  initiatives  at  the  multi-­‐genre  music  festival.      Scientific  Oral  

University  of  South  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

 

  77  

LEE,  Chungsup;  Sung,  Yoontae;  Kim  Hyungmin;  Payne,  Laura  

An  exploration  of  the  relationships  among  seriousness  of  leisure,  social  support  and  school  adaptation  among  Korean  college  students  

International  students  tend  to  confront  more  difficulties  than  domestic  students  in  the  school  adaptation  process  (Misra  &  Casillo,  2004).  In   the   process,   leisure   participation   could   play   positive   roles   on   the   difficulties   they  meet   such   as   providing   social   opportunities   and  enhancing   acculturation   (Floyd  &   Grammann,   1993;   Ito,   Nogawa,   Kitamura  &  Walker;   2011).   Despite   the   benefits   of   leisure,   previous  literature  focused  primarily  on  quantitative  aspects  (e.g.,  frequency,  amount  of  time)  of  leisure  participation,  while  seriousness  of  leisure  activity  has   rarely  examined.  Therefore,   this   study  explored   the   relationships  among  seriousness  of   leisure  activity,   social   support  and  Korean   college   students’   school   adaptation.  A   total   of  70  Korean   college   students  were  participated  and  asked   to   complete   the   survey  containing   demographic   information,   seriousness   of   leisure   activity,   student   adaptation   to   school,   and   social   support.   The   data   was  analyzed  by  using   three   statistical   analyses:   correlation,   analysis   of   variance   (ANOVA)   and   regression.  Two  main   findings  of   the   study  were:  a)  seriousness  of   leisure  and  social  support  positively  influence  the  participants’  school  adaptation;  and  b)  the  married  were  less  likely   to   adapt   to   school   than   the   singles.  The   results  provided   further   evidence   that   seriousness  of   leisure  activities   could  be  another  contributor  to  school  adaptation  along  with  social  support.  However,  it  was  interesting  that  the  married  were  less  likely  to  adapt  to  school  than  the  singles,  even  though  the  married  have  higher  social  support,  which  has  a  positive  correlation  with  school  adaptation,  than  the  singles.  For  the  future  research,  the  aspects  of  serious  leisure  affecting  school  adaptation  could  be  explored.    

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-­‐Champaign,Florida  State  University,  Georgia  State  University,    United-­‐States  

Li  Jing-­‐lin;  Zhou,  Li-­‐jun    

Analysis  on  the  Characteristic  of  Physical  Activity  Participation  in  Leisure  Time  of  University  and  Their  Needs  In  Zhejiang  Providence  

This  article  uses  the  methods  of  questionnaires  and  mathematical  statistics,  selects  Hangzhou,  Jinhua,  Ningbo  and  Shaoxing  as  research  objects  to   investigate  the  characteristic  of  physical  activity  participation   in   leisure  time  of  university  and  their  needs.  The  result  shows  that  the  college  students'  of  Zhejiang  province  participation  in  physical  activities  in  their  leisure  time  is  very  few,  and  the  intensity  is  so  low,  also  the  form  of  the  leisure  activities  is  always  single,  the  places  are  monotonous  and  the  sports  items  were  very  simple.  In  the  needs  of  themselves,  they  needs  maintain  youthful  vigor  for  their  physical  needs,  release  stress  and  enhance  self-­‐confidence  for  psychological  needs,   improving   social   skills   and  making  new   friends   for   social   adaptation  needs.  And   in   the  needs  of   leisure   items,   they   think   skills,  venues  and  facilities  are  very  important.  Scientific  Oral  

Zhejiang  University,  China  

Li,  Jinglin;  Zhou,  Lijun    

Analysis  on  the  Characteristic  of  Physical  Activity  Participation  in  Leisure  Time  of  University  and  Their  Needs  In  Zhejiang  Providence  

This  article  uses  the  methods  of  questionnaires  and  mathematical  statistics,  selects  Hangzhou,  Jinhua,  Ningbo  and  Shaoxing  as  research  objects  to   investigate  the  characteristic  of  physical  activity  participation   in   leisure  time  of  university  and  their  needs.  The  result  shows  that  the  college  students'  of  Zhejiang  providence  participation  in  physical  activities  in  their  leisure  time  is  very  few,  and  the  intensity  is  so  low,  also  the  form  of  the  leisure  activities  is  always  single,  the  places  are  monotonous  and  the  sports  items  were  very  simple.  In  the  needs  of   themselves,   they   needs  maintain   youthful   vigor   for   their   body   needs,   release   stress   and   enhance   self-­‐confidence   for   psychological  needs,   improving  social   skills  and  making  new  friends   for  social  adaptation  needs.    And   in   the  needs  of   leisure   items,   they   think  skills,  venues  and  facilities  are  very  important.  Scientific  Oral  

Zhejiang  University,  China  

Liecht,  Toniy;  Willfong,  Fleesha;  Sveinson,  Katherine;  Ribeiro,  Nuno  

Tackle  Football  as  Serious  Leisure  for  Women  

Serious   leisure   is  a   term  that  refers   to  activities   that  are   freely  chosen,  but   that  have  a  heightened  element  of  commitment,  effort,  skill  development,   and   identification.  The  purpose  of   this   study  was   to   explore   experiences   of   serious   leisure   among   female   tackle   football  players.  Fifteen  players  on  a  women’s  tackle  football  team  completed  individual  in-­‐depth  interviews.  Interviews  were  digitally  recorded,  transcribed  verbatim,  and  analyzed  thematically.  The  sample  included  a  diverse  range  of  women  in  terms  of  age,  marital  status,  education,  sexual  orientation,  and  previous  experience  with  sports.  Themes  emerged  including:  unease  defining  football  as  leisure,  commitment  to  the  team,  and  the   level  of  competition.  Participants  expressed  feeling  conflicted  about  defining  their  participation   in   football  as   leisure.  For  example,  one  participant  commented  that  because  they  were  not  paid,  “technically  it’s  leisure,  but  I  wouldn't  say  it’s  leisurely.”  This  conflicted  definition  was  largely  related  to  the  “total  commitment”  participants  felt  to  the  team,  which  included  behavior  such  as  attending  

Clemson  Universit,  United-­‐States;  University  of  Regina  and  Indigenous  People's  Health  Research  Centre,  

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practice,  watching  game  film,  individual  conditioning,  and  moderating  behavior  off  the  field  to  protect  the  teams’  public  image.  A  sense  of  accountability   to   the   team   led   to   players   prioritizing   football   until   “it   becomes   a   part   of   your   life,   a   part   of   who   you   are.”   Finally,  participants  described  football  as  more  serious  than  other  leisure  activities  due  to  the  level  of  competitive  play  and  the  skill  required.  This  paper  will   discuss   implications   for   the   study   of   serious   leisure   and   the   potential   for   facilitating   serious   leisure   through   team   sport   to  promote  participation  in  healthy  physical  activity.      

Scientific  Oral  

Regina,  Canada  

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Lim,  Jin  Sun;  Kim,  Woong  Ki;  Suh,  Kwang  Pil;  Kim,  Min  Jung  

The  effect  of  leisure  facilitator  on  leisure  constraint  and  recreation  specialization  in  Korean  leisure  participants.  

The  Development  of  industry  in  Korea  is  linked  closely  to  leisure  participation.  In  Korea,  the  growth  of  GDP  over  $23,000  transformed  the  form  of  leisure  activity.  There  were  a  lot  of  researches  for  leisure  constraints.  However,  the  research  interest  is  growing  recently  in  leisure  facilitator  which   contributes   to  promote   the   leisure  participation.In  Korea,   there   are   lacks  of   results   of   the   relationship   among   leisure  facilitator,  leisure  constraint  and  recreation  specialization  in  Korea.  Therefore,  the  primary  aim  for  this  study  is  to  examine  the  effect  of  leisure  facilitator  for  those  whom  have  high  level  of  leisure  activity  on  leisure  constraint  and  recreation  specialization.  In  order  to  achieve  the  purpose  of  this  study,  300  subjects  who  regularly  participated  in  leisure  activity  were  selected  and  265  surveys  were  utilized  for  the  final  analyses.In  the  result,  leisure  facilitator  was  showed  recreation  specialization  by  .63,  leisure  constraint  by  -­‐.82  and  leisure  constrains  to  recreation  specialization  by  -­‐.02.  In  other  words,  leisure  facilitator  has  effects  on  recreation  specialization;  however,  leisure  constraint  gives   a  negative   effect   on   recreation   specialization.   In   case  of   leisure   facilitator,   it   gives  positive   effect  while   leisure   constraint   gives   a  negative   effect.  When   leisure   constraint   affects   leisure   facilitator,   leisure   constraint   is   decreased,   and   leisure   constraint   on   recreation  specialization   is   also   decreased.   Therefore,   even   though   a   factor   of   leisure   constraint   is   high,   it   can   apply   as   positively   on   recreation  specialization   when   leisure   facilitator   factor   improves.   Leisure   facilitator   reduces   constrained   factors,   and   make   possible   to   be   on  recreation  specialization.  Scientific  Poster  

Yonsei  University,  Hankuk  University  of  Foreign  Study,    South  Korea  

Matsumoto,  Hideo;  Sato,  Shintaro;  Janelle,  Christopher  M;  Chiashi,  Koichi  

Recreation  Specialization  and  American  Anglers’  Well-­‐Being  

 Recreation  specialization  is  defined  as  “a  continuum  of  behavior  from  the  general  to  the  particular,  reflected  by  equipment  and  skills  used  in   the   sport,   and   activity   setting   preferences”   (p.   175;   Bryan,   1977).   American   anglers   were   of   particular   interest   in   the   current  investigation.  Based  on  the  conceptual  framework,  anglers  have  been  categorized  into  homogeneous  subgroups  to  better  understand  their  specific  behavior.  We  sought  to  determine:  (1)  whether  there  are  socio-­‐demographic  differences  and  (2)  whether  American  anglers’  well-­‐being  differs  based  on  the  level  of  recreation  specialization?  Amazon  Mechanical  Turk  was  used  for  data  collection.  The  authors  recruited  participants  whose   favorite   leisure   activity   is   fishing,   in   exchange   for   a   small  monetary   reward.   Each   participant   completed   an   online  survey,   which   included   questionnaire   items   selected   from   the   Subjective   Happiness   Scale   (SHS;   Lyubomirsky   &   Lepper,   1999),  Satisfaction  with  Life  Scale    (SWLS;  Diener  et  al.,  1985),  and  the  multi-­‐dimensional  recreation  specialization  questionnaire  (Schroeder  et  al.,  2013).  Responses  from  380  participants  were  analyzed.  Cluster  analysis  provided  four  angler  groups:  expert,  advanced,  intermediate,  and  beginner.  One-­‐way  ANOVA  revealed  significant  differences  among  the  four  clusters  regarding  SHS  [F  (3,  376)  =  3.550,  p  =  .015]  and  SWLS  [F  (3,  376)  =  7.328,  p  <  .001].  Sheffe’s  post-­‐hoc  tests  revealed  that  the  expert  group  reported  significantly  higher  SHS  [expert;  M  =  5.43,  beginner;  M  =  4.71,  p  =  .016]  and  SWLS  [expert;  M  =  5.52,  beginner;  M  =  4.51,  p  <.001]  than  the  beginner  group.  These  data  indicated  that  the  continuum  of  fishing  specialization  is  related  to  well-­‐being  among  anglers.    Scientific  Oral  

Tokai  University,  Japan;  University  of  Florida,  United-­‐States;  Tokyo  University  of  Marine  Science  and  Technology,  Japan  

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Middleton,  Rebekkah;  Moxham,  Lorna;  Parrish,  Dominique  

An  exercise  and  health  promotion  intervention  for  people  with  diabetes:  case  study  of  an  Australian  program    

This  paper  will  present  findings  from  research  undertaken  in  Australia  that  explored  the  meaning  that  people  with  diabetes  attribute  to  being  involved  in  a  health  and  wellness  program  involving  exercise  and  health  promotion.    Diabetes   is   a   prevalent   and   chronic   disease   both   in   Australia   and   internationally,   affecting   347   million   people   worldwide.   Estimates  suggest  that  diabetes  will  be  the  7th  leading  cause  of  death  by  2030  (WHO  2013).  There  is  strong  evidence  to  demonstrate  that  physical  activity   improves  diabetes  outcomes  by  assisting  glucose  control,  weight  management  and  preventing   related  complications   (Hu  et  al.,  2014),  along  with  improving  an  individual’s  overall  health  and  wellness  (Law  et  al.,  2013).  Despite  the  evidence,  it  is  reported  that  there  is  lack   of   compliance   and   adherence   to   exercise   regimens   by   people   with   diabetes   (Jennings   et   al.,   2013).   It   is   therefore   important   to  establish  why  people  with  diabetes  join  exercise  and  health  promotion  programs.  Gaining  this  understanding  can  inform  future  exercise  and  health  promotion  programs  in  order  to  be  more  effectively  promoted  and  delivered  in  a  specific,   targeted,  and  disease  appropriate  manner.    The   research   design   used   a   qualitative   hermeneutic   phenomenological   methodology.   The   intervention   incorporated   individualised  physical   activity   and   lifestyle   education   over   12  weeks  with   the   objective   of   enhancing   people  with   diabetes’   health   and  wellness.     A  number   of   themes   emerged   from   the   analysis   of   participant   interview   transcripts.   This   paper   will   focus   on   the   emergent   theme   of  commitment.  It  is  anticipated  that  exploration  of  this  finding  can  lead  to  better  engagement  with  exercise  and  health  promotion  programs.    Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Wollongong,  Australia  

Sato,  Kei  

Identifying  the  potential  sport  participants  based  on  their  leisure  orientations  

The  purpose  of  the  present  study  is  to   identify  the  potential  sport  participants,  those  who  are  currently   inactive,  based  on  their   leisure  orientations.  1128  participants  from  20  to  70  years  were  recruited  by  the  mail  survey  method.  The  questionnaires  were  distributed  and  collected  through  mail  during  March,  2013.  This  study  received  scientific  research  funding  in  Japan  (No.23500762).    After   conducting   exploratory   factor   analysis,   five   factors   were   determined   to   account   for   the   most   variance   explained:   1)   long   term  perspective  /  personal  growth  –  self-­‐improvement,  achievement  oriented  factor,  2)  Sociableness  –  social  stimulation  oriented  factor,  3)  Vigorousness   –   physical   activity   oriented   factor  motivated   by   one’s   love   of   sport,   4)   Altruism   –   other-­‐oriented   factor   based   on   one’s  motivation  to  increasing  another's  welfare,  and  5)  Leadership  –  self-­‐expression  oriented  factor  rooted  in  one’s  motivation  to  exercise  or  display   one’s   leadership   (Sahashi,   2009).The   significance   of   each   factor   was   further   compared   based   on   participants’   demographical  factors   (i.e.,   gender,   age   and   occupation).   The   result   showed   that   Vigorousness   is   significantly   lower   in   the   group   of   people  who   are  females,   in  their  twenties  and  part-­‐time  workers  than  other  groups.  Meanwhile,   females  and  people   in  their  twenties  found  to  be  more  social   stimulation   oriented.   Therefore,   in   order   to   encourage   physical   activities   for   the   demographic   group,   recommending   the   sports  which  is  associated  with  social  elements  (e.g.  hiking  and  yoga)  will  be  effective.  Scientific  Poster  

Biwako  Seikei  Sport  College,  Japan  

Schroede,  Joanne  Ar  Introduction  WLCE  Vancouver  Island  University  

This  session  (25  minutes)  will  introduce  delegates  to  the  mandate,  activities  and  evolution  of  the  WLCE  in  Sustainability  and  Innovation  at  Vancouver  Island  University.  This  Centre  brings  together  established  and  emerging  scholars   from  around  the  globe  to  share   innovative  ideas,  engage  in  dialogue  and  collaborate  in  research  and  teaching.  The  work  of  the  Centre  at  VIU  includes:  1)  Creation  of  a  network  of  scholars   from   academic,   government,   non-­‐government   and   community   to   form   a   community   of   practice   that   engages   in   dialogue   on  sustainability   and   innovation   in   leisure;   2)   Collaborative   scholarship   on   sustainability   and   innovation   in   leisure   including   research  projects,   learning  abroad  opportunities,  and  interactive  media;  and  Delivery  of  a  Master’s  degree  in  Sustainable  Leisure  Management  at  Vancouver  Island  University  where  emerging  scholars  learn  about  the  core  thematic  areas  of  the  Centre  while  engaging  in  dialogue  with  partners  within  the  network.  For  more  information  on  the  Centre  see:  www.worldleisureviu.org  .        Scientific  Poster  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

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Siu,  Gertrude  Po-­‐kwan;  Sivan,  Atara  

Serious  Leisure  Experiences  of  Hong  Kong  Adolescents:  Implications  for  Education    

This   paper   is   about   a   phenomenological   study   that   explored,   through   semi-­‐structured   face-­‐to-­‐face   interviews,   the   serious   leisure  experiences  of  fifteen  Hong  Kong  youngsters  (i.e.,  nine  male  and  six  female,  with  age  ranging  from  17  to  23).  These  youngsters  had  been  engaging   themselves   in   activities   that   later   became   their   serious   leisure   ever   since   adolescence.   Data   collection,   analysis   and  interpretation  were  organized  in  chronological  order  of  the  research  participants'  involvement  in  serious  leisure,  including  their  past  life  contexts,  serious  leisure  experiences  and  the  corresponding  reflections.  Findings  revealed  that,  against  their  earlier  mundane  daily  living  background,   the  participants  bumped   into  and  sustained  activities   that  provided   them  with  opportunity   to   learn  knowledge  and  skills,  explore   the   self,   and   form   relationships   with   others.   They   immersed   themselves   in   what   they   were   doing   and   experienced   optimal  challenge  and  happiness  from  time  to  time.  Their  endowed  needs  for  autonomy,  competence,  and  interpersonal  relatedness  were  satisfied  within  contexts  of  effort  and  demand.  In  addition,  involvement  in  serious  leisure  activities  had  also  provided  them  with  meanings  and  life  purposes  as  time  went  by.  Results  of  this  study  indicated  the  significant  role  of  serious  leisure  experiences  in  the  participants’  transition  from   adolescence   to   emerging   adulthood.   Recommendations   are   drawn   for   unitizing   “serious   leisure”   as   means   of   fostering   youth  development  in  Hong  Kong.    

Scientific  Oral  

Hong  Kong  Baptist  Universitry,  China  

Sivan,  Atara;  Siu,  Gertrude  Po-­‐kwan  

Change  and  stability  in  leisure  experiences  of  of  Hong  Kong  Youngsters:  A  Longitudinal  Study  

This   paper   is   about   a   phenomenological   study   that   explored,   through   semi-­‐structured   face-­‐to-­‐face   interviews,   the   serious   leisure  experiences  of  fifteen  Hong  Kong  youngsters  (i.e.,  nine  male  and  six  female,  with  age  ranging  from  17  to  23).  These  youngsters  had  been  engaging   themselves   in   activities   that   later   became   their   serious   leisure   ever   since   adolescence.   Data   collection,   analysis   and  interpretation  were  organized  in  chronological  order  of  the  research  participants'  involvement  in  serious  leisure,  including  their  past  life  contexts,  serious  leisure  experiences  and  the  corresponding  reflections.  Findings  revealed  that,  against  their  earlier  mundane  daily  living  background,   the  participants  bumped   into  and  sustained  activities   that  provided   them  with  opportunity   to   learn  knowledge  and  skills,  explore   the   self,   and   form   relationships   with   others.   They   immersed   themselves   in   what   they   were   doing   and   experienced   optimal  challenge  and  happiness  from  time  to  time.  Their  endowed  needs  for  autonomy,  competence,  and  interpersonal  relatedness  were  satisfied  within  contexts  of  effort  and  demand.  In  addition,  involvement  in  serious  leisure  activities  had  also  provided  them  with  meanings  and  life  purposes  as  time  went  by.  Results  of  this  study  indicated  the  significant  role  of  serious  leisure  experiences  in  the  participants’  transition  from   adolescence   to   emerging   adulthood.   Recommendations   are   drawn   for   unitizing   “serious   leisure”   as   means   of   fostering   youth  development  in  Hong  Kong.    

Scientific  Oral  

Hong  Kong  Baptist  University,  China  

Suh,  Kwang  pil;  Lee,  Chul  won;  Kim,  Min  jung.  

Leisure  Policies  by  exploring  Leisure  Bensefits  and  Constraints  for  Married  Migrant  Women's  Children  in  South  Korea  

The  study  was  to   investigate   leisure  benefits  and  leisure  constraints  when  married  migrant  women‘s  sons  and  daughters  participate   in  leisure,  and  propose  leisure  policies  in  terms  of  how  leisure  can  be  vitalized  the  lives  of  migrant  women’s  children  in  Korean  society  from  their   and   some   exerts’   voices   of   helping  multicultural   family.   For   the   study,   thirteen  married  migrant  women’s   and   five   experts  were  participated  as  research  informants.    Through  this  research  process,  the  result  was  as  follows;  

Firstly,   leisure   benefits   for   married   migrant   women’s   children   showed   four   sub   themes:   physical   fitness,   psychological   stability,  improvement  of  social  interpersonal  relationships  and  cultural  learning.  Those  are  composed  of  various  core  contents.  The  main  contents  of  physical   fitness   consist  of  decrease  of   fatigue,  weight   loss   and  a   saving  medical   expense  within  household.  Psychological   stability   is  made   up  with   recovery   of   stress   and   confidence.   Improvement   of   social   interpersonal   relationships   is   composed   of   increase   of   social  networks  and  reinforced  social  bonds.  Cultural  learning  refers  to  increase  of  opportunities  to  learn  culture  and  chances  for  acculturation.  

Secondly,   three   leisure   constraints   suffered   by   married   migrant   women’s   children   were   appeared:   intrapersonal   constraints,  interpersonal   constraints   and   structural   constraints.   Intrapersonal   constraints   are   composed   of   fear   and   weakness.   Interpersonal  constraints  consist  of  absence  of  partners  and  problems  to  make  friends.  Structural  constraints  refer  to  lack  of  time  and  money,  language  

Yonsei  University  Leisure  Study,  South  Korea  

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problem,  parents’  and  family's  objection  and  lack  of  information.    

Thirdly,   policies   for   their   children’s   leisure   were   presented   as   five   sub   themes:   expansion   of   leisure   facilities,   expansion   of   leisure  programs,  management  of  community  administration  system,  promotion  of  leisure  education,  establishment  of  community  leisure  center.  Expansion  of   leisure  facilities  is  composed  of  sports  facilities  and  welfare  centers.  Expansion  of   leisure  programs  refers  to  expansion  of  sports  programs  and  cultural  programs,  and  experts-­‐fostering  programs.  Management  of  community  administration  system  consists  of  leisure   call-­‐center   and   leisure   voucher   system.   Promotion   of   leisure   education   is   composed   of   detailed   leisure   education   within  community  and  utilizing  human  resources  at  middle  and  high  schools.    

This  study  was  accomplished  by  2014  research  fund  of  Hankuk  University  of  Foreign  Studies.      

Scientific  Poster  

  83  

Tang,  Jianjun  Comparative  Study  On  Leisure  Between  Chinese  and  American  

Because  of  the  different  economic  situations,  social  systems  and  cultures,  the  study  on  leisure  between  Chinese  and  Americans  is  rather  difficult.  My  study  focuses  on  finding  an  effective  way  by  using  the  expert  panel  method  to  collect  data.  The  data  from  14  professors  in  leisure  field  (7  from  America  and  the  other  7  from  China)  shows  that  there  are  things  in  common  and  things  different  existing  in  Chinese  and   Americans’   leisure   lives.   The   commons   include   the   following   points:Time   and   income   are   the   two   most   important   leisure  constraints.Socialization  and  stress   release/diversion   from  work  are   the   top   two   leisure  motivations.Families  and   friends  are   the  most  frequent  leisure  partners.Neither  Chinese  nor  Americans  are  satisfied  with  their  leisure  education.  The  differences  include  the  following  points:  Leisure  is  a  more  significant  part  of  Americans’  lives,  whereas  Chinese  people  have  much  less  leisure  space  and  facilities,  which  are  the  most  unsatisfied  factors  in  their  leisure  experiences.  There  are  much  fewer  leisure  social  organizations  in  China.Chinese  people  have  more  confidence  in  the  government  in  improving  their  leisure  quality  while  the  Americans  have  less  expectation  on  government  and  show  more  worries   about   the   commercialization   and   commoditization   in   the   supply   of   leisure   goods.   To   explore   the  Chinese   and  American  leisure  lives  deeper,  we  need  to  speculate  more  on  communication  and  cooperation  between  scholars  in  these  two  countries.              Scientific  Oral  

Shandong  University,School  of  History  and  Culture,China  

Wu.  Tsung-­‐chiung  

Re-­‐examining  Leisure  Participation  –  How  Does  Leisure  Participation  Pattern  Matter?  

While  more  and  more  studies  are  eager  to  deliberate  the  contributions  of  leisure  on  life-­‐satisfaction,  health,  or  well-­‐being,  the  meticulous  description   of   leisure   participation   become   inevitable.In   many   previous   studies,   leisure   participation   is   treated   as   a   construct   in  researches;  types,  frequencies,  amount  of  time,  or  self-­‐evaluation  were  often  chosen  and  used  to  describe  the  participation  of  one  single  activity,   one   type   of   activity   or   leisure   activity   in   general.   These   approaches   are   inadequate   to   provide   comprehensive   depictions   of  people’s   leisure  participation,  and  they  may  not  be  sufficient   to  draw  the  contributions  pertaining  to   the  overall   leisure  contributions,  such   as   life-­‐satisfaction,   well-­‐being   or   stress   reductions.   Furthermore,   few   studies   have   raised   attentions   to   the   patterns   of   leisure  participation,  such  as  serious  leisure,  recreation  specialization,   leisure  style,  passive/active,  balance/peripheral,  and  leisure  repertoire,  which  can  better  synthesize  the  consequences  of  leisure  participation.    Consulting  the  concepts  and  measurement  of  bio-­‐diversity  and  social  multi-­‐  contacts,  this  study  proposes  and  applies  Shannon’s  Index  to  measure   the   diversity   pattern;   Simpson’s   Index   to   measure   the   dominance   pattern;   and   Stalker’s   Index   to   measure   the   dispersion  pattern.   These   indexes   are   constructed   to   depict   the   nature   of   overall   leisure   participation   patterns   (LPP).   A   survey   of   leisure  participation   for   Taiwanese   adults   was   conducted   in   four   major   cities   and   resulted   in   2011   useable   questionnaires.   Study   results  successfully  demonstrate  the  diversity,  dominance  and  dispersion  of   leisure  participation  patterns;  and  besides,  comparing  with  using  simple  measures   of   leisure   participation,   these   LPP   index   can   reveal  more   distinct     relations   between   leisure   participation   and   life-­‐satisfaction,  well-­‐being  and  stress  reductions.      Scientific  Oral  

Department  of  Tourism,  Recreation  and  Leisure  Studies,  National  Dong-­‐Hwa  Univ,  Taiwan  

Zhou,  Lijun  

Research  on  the  Elementary  Structure  of  Sports  Leisure  Behavior  Promotion  for  University  Students:  from  the  Perspective  of  Leisure  Education  

Based  on  the  perspective  of  leisure  education,  combining  with  constraints  theory  of  sports  leisure,  the  paper  uses  literature  review  and  survey  to  analyze  the  elementary  structure  of  sports   leisure  behavior  promotion.  The  paper  consists  of   two  parts.  The  first  part   is   to  construct  the  supposed  frame  by  analysis  of  related  research  about  leisure  constraints  theory,  leisure  elements  model  and  sports  leisure  behavior.   The   second   part   is   a   survey   on   423   university   students   to   demonstrate   the   supposed   frame.   The   result   shows   that   the  appreciation  of  sports  leisure,  being  aware  of  self  in  sports  leisure  and  physical  activity  skill  are  related  to  the  intrapersonal  constraints;  interact  socially  during  sports  leisure  is  related  to  the  interpersonal  constraints;  facilitating  sports  leisure  and  leisure  time  planning  are  related  to  the  structural  constraints.  The  education  on  the  appreciation  of  sports  leisure,  being  aware  of  self  in  sports  leisure,  physical  activity  skill,  interact  socially  during  sports  leisure,  facilitating  sports  leisure  resources  and  leisure  time  planning  can  realize  the  sports  leisure  constraints  negotiation,  promoting  the  students'  sports  leisure  behavior.    Scientific  Oral  

Zhejiang  University,  China  

  84  

 

Leisure  Theory  

Bennett,  Charlise;  Peel,  Nicole  

Therapeutic  Recreation  in  Australia...Does  it  exist?  

Leisure  and  recreation  has  been  pursued  for  centuries  by  aristocrats  and  academics,  experienced  by  those  fortunate  to  have  spare  time  within  the  every  growing  obligations  of  life.  The  Human  Rights  Convention  states  leisure  is  a  human  right  for  all  to  experience.    The  world  health  organisation  has  endorsed  therapeutic  recreation  as  a  form  of  therapy  contributing  to  the  health  and  wellness  of  people.    Can  therapy  and  recreation  combine  to  ensure  individual  rights,  health  and  wellness?  Or  are  these  terms  contradictory  to  the  meaning  of  leisure  pursued  by  the  original  aristocrats  and  evolving  academics.      The  World  Health  Organisation  has  developed  the  International  Classification  of  Functioning  and  Disability  (ICF).  The  ICF  has  a  code   for   leisure  and  recreation,  d920.  This  presentation  will   look  at  exploring  the  term  Therapeutic  Recreation  in  the  Australia  context  and  the  application  of  the  ICF,  d920  framework.      

Scientific  Poster  

University  of  Western  Sydney,  Australia  

 

  85  

Tourism  

 Bemis,  Devereaux;  Joycelyn  Finley-­‐Hervey;  Brian  White  

Community  Based  Tourism  Symposium  

Mr.   Devereaux   Bemis   was   the   "Symposium   Discussant"   for   the   "Community   Based   Tourism   Symposium"   which   included   two   (2)  presentations:  

1. Joycelyn  Finley-­‐Hervey,  Ph.D.  -­‐-­‐  Cultural  Tourism:  A  Case  Study  of  Heritage  Tourism  in  Mobile,  Alabama  This  presentation  explores  the  definition  of  Cultural  Tourism  and  offers  an  examination  of  Heritage  Tourism  in  Mobile,  Alabama.    It  reviews  studies  of  Community  Based  Tourism,  distinguishes  the  character  of  Cultural  and  Heritage  Tourism,  and   offers   a   case   study   of   the   Dora   Franklin   Finley   African-­‐American   Heritage   Trial   of   Mobile.     In   particular,   it  emphasizes   the   need   for   cities   to   develop   cultural   and   heritage   tours   from   diverse   perspectives   and   maintains   that  tourism   planning   and   implementation   should   incorporate   resident   values   and   visions.     Given   today’s   changing  demographics  in  the  United  States,  this  presentation  argues  that  understanding  and  valuing  the  historic  contributions  of  diverse  community  members  is  socially  responsible  behavior  and  economically  beneficial  to  communities.    It  concludes  by   noting   the   significance   of   Cultural   and  Heritage   Tourism   as   a   contributing   force   to   healthy,   thriving   communities  which  are  an  imperative  for  successful  tourism.  

2. Brian  White,  Ph.D.  -­‐-­‐  Garden  Tourism:    Building  a  Garden  Tourism  Sector  in  British  Columbia  One-­‐quarter  of  both  Canadian  and  American  adults  reported  visiting  a  botanical  garden  or  a  garden  attraction  while  on  a  trip  during  the  previous  two  years.    Garden  Tourism  in  south  western  British  Columbia  Canada  has  recently  evolved  into  a  recognized  Destination  BC  provincial  tourism  sector.  This  niche  market  has  the  added  bonus  of  promoting  substantial  leisure   opportunities   for   local   garden   hobbyists.   The  mild   climate   of   Southwestern   BC   and   Vancouver   Island  means  thousands  of   local   gardeners  provide  a   repeat  market   for   garden  attractions.  The  Garden  Tourism  Sector  designation  allows  for  collective  marketing  of  gardens,  tours  and  trails.  It  encompasses  gardens  run  by  volunteers,  community  based  projects,  and  show  and  botanical  gardens  that  charge  admission.    This  study  looks  at  the  creation  of  the  Garden  Tourism  Sector  as  a  model  of  encouraging  niche  tourism,  and  also  the  spin  off  economic  and  social  benefits  as  residents  strive  to  beautify  their  own  gardens.Aucune  entrée  d'index  n'a  été  trouvée.  

Professional  Symposium  

Mobilie  Historic  Development  Commission,  United-­‐States  

Chan,  Chung;  Shing;  Marafa,  Lawal  

Perceptual  Divergence  of  Visitors  and  Local  Residents  for  Green  Resource  Branding  in  Hong  Kong  

Scholars   have   recognized   the   complexity   of   place   branding   due   to   its   selective   nature   of   stakeholders   and   the   structure   of   spatial  identities.   Places   like   cities,   especially   those   in   the   Western   countries,   have   established   a   great   variety   of   images   such   as   multi-­‐functionality,  creativity,  mega-­‐events,  historical  and  cultural  heritage,  or  biophysical  green  resources  like  parks  and  natural  landscapes  to  both  local  and  international  audiences.  Some  of  these  cities  may  convert  their  images  to  a  brand.  There  is  a  reciprocal  relationship  between   the  brand  and   its  perception  by   the  audiences,  which  demands  a  clear  understanding  before  an  effective  brand   is  created.    The   official   city   brand   of   Hong   Kong   carries   ‘blue   sky’   and   ‘sustainable   development’   as   the   environmental   elements.   This   study  undertook  an  in-­‐depth  investigation  into  the  multiple  dimensions  of  the  territory’s  green  resources  following  the  categorization  of  a  Green  Brand  Hexagon   (GBH)  modified   from  Simon  Anholt’s  City  Brand  Hexagon.  Through  a   comparison  between   the   ratings  of   the  GBH’s  variables  by  local  residents  and  non-­‐local  visitors  in  Hong  Kong,  both  similarities  and  discrepancies  were  identified.  Additional  

Hong  Kong  Baptist  University,  China  

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results   from  a  small-­‐scale  study  conducted   in  Copenhagen,  Denmark  revealed   that  different   ‘starting  conditions’   for  green  branding  can  suit   the  distinctive   features  of   individual  cities.  These  findings  provide  clues   for  the  branding  authority  to  detect  the  perceptual  divergence,  and  to  formulate  an  effective  branding  strategy  for  the  city.  

Scientific  Oral  

  87  

Congolese  Minister  Of  Tourism  And  Environment;  Presenter:  Mrs  Patricia  Joacheline  Tendelet  

Leisure  In  Congo,  The  Congolese  Minister  Of  Tourism  And  Environment  

 My  country,  the  Republic  of  Congo,  puts  a  particular  emphasis  on  leisure  activities,  given  that  the  latter  not  only  plays  a  key  role  in  the  physical  and  mental  health  of  citizens,  but  also  contributes  to  the  development  of  the  national  economy,  as  it  is  clearly  stressed  in  the  Constitution  of   the  country.  Congo  has  a  set  of   traditional  and  modern   leisure  activities  that   just  needs  to  be  exploited,  with   fruitful  expectations   for  both   the  country  and  prospective   investors.  Therefore,   challenges   to   face  are  built  upon   the   following:   i)-­‐   setting  a  leisure   development   strategy   at   the   institutional   level  ;   ii)-­‐   leisure   contribution   to   the   GDP   at   the   economic   level;   iii)-­‐   promoting  budgetary  resources  and  income  generating  activities,  at  the  financial  level;  iv)-­‐  legal  and  administrative  protection  of  leisure  service  providers   and   consumers   ;   v)-­‐   Consideration   of   the   preventive   and   curative   role   of   leisure   activities   in   pathology   control   and  maintaining  good  health;  vi)-­‐  access  –  for  all-­‐  to  safer,  healthier  and  inexpensive  leisure  activities,  at  the  social  level;  vii)-­‐  membership  of   the  Congo  to  regional  groups  that  promote  solidarity   in  the  framework  of  sub  regional  and  regional   integration  of  Africa  (ECCAS,  EMCCAS,  NEPAD):   stimulating   intra-­‐community  exchanges  and  developing  mechanisms   that  enable  harmonization  of  both    political  and  macroeconomic  approaches  and  sector-­‐based  policies.    

Professional  Oral  

Ministry  of  Tourism  Congo  

Contardi,  Denise;  Uvinha,  Ricardo  

 Megaevents  in  Brazil  and  São  Paulo  airport  infrastructure  

The   sports   megaevents   are   important   catalysts   of   opportunities,   which   influence   directly   the   economic,   political   and   social  performance   of   a   country.   Their   accomplishments,   as   prior   planned,   can   generate   for   the   based-­‐location   a   series   of   positive   and  negative   impacts   and   legacy.   Considering     Brazil   will   host   the   2014   World   Cup   and   2016   Olympics,   sporting   events   of   greatest  expression   in   the  world,   it   becomes   imperative   that   the  hosting   cities  have  adequate   infrastructure,   since   the  growth   in  demand   is  known  for  the  period,  in  particular  the  airports  that  will  receive  these  tourists.  Twelve  cities  were  chosen  to  host  2014  World  Cup  in  Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro,  São  Paulo,  Belo  Horizonte,  Porto  Alegre,  Brasília,  Cuiabá,  Curitiba,  Salvador,  Fortaleza,  Manaus,  Natal  and  Recife.  The  focus  of  this  paper  is  to  present  an  analysis  of  the  São  Paulo  International  Airport,  main  point  of  departure  and  arrival  of  Brazil,  during  the  2014  World  Cup,  which  will  be  held  on  July  and  August  of  2014.  The  designation  of  the  Sao  Paulo  International  Airport  as  target  of   this  analysis   is  mainly  due   to   its   relevance   to   the   tourism,  being   the   largest  and  most   important  airport  of   the  country,   in  terms  of  aircraft  movements,  number  of  passengers,   its   importance   in   the  national  and   international   scene  and   its   sharp  structural  problems  and  capacity.  As  a  methodology,  a  qualitative  analysis  has  been  performed  in  academic  books  and  related  articles.  

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  São  Paulo,  Brazil  

  88  

Dupont,  Randall  

The  Impact  of  the  Deepwater  Horizon-­‐BP  Oil  Spill  on  Coastal  and  Inland  Tourist  Attractions  

Coastal  tourism  received  much  national  attention  following  the  April  2010  Deepwater  Horizon-­‐BP  Oil  Spill  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  while  inland   tourism   was   assumed   to   have   been   less   affected.     Did   the   oil   spill   impact   coastal   and   inland   tourism   differently?     Visitor  attendance  at  13  tourist  attractions  in  the  Mobile,  Alabama  area  are  examined  on  a  pre-­‐  and  post-­‐oil  spill  basis  over  three  time  frames:  one  year  pre-­‐  and  post-­‐spill,  two  years  pre-­‐  and  post-­‐spill,  and  the  first  year  pre-­‐spill  compared  to  the  second  year  post-­‐spill.    T-­‐test  analyses  found  no  significant  differences  in  the  year  post-­‐spill,  but  11  of  the  13  attractions  experienced  significant  declines  in  average  monthly  attendance  in  the  two  years  post-­‐spill.    Eight  of  the  attractions  experienced  their  most  significant  declines  in  the  second  year  following   the  disaster  rather   than  the  year   immediately  afterwards.    The  research   found  that   the  oil   spill  had   little   to  no  significant  impact   on   visitor   attendance   at   coastal   attractions   over   the   three   time   frames   studied,   but   four   of   the   10   inland   attractions  were  significantly   impacted.    All   four   are   located   in  or  near  downtown  Mobile.      Analysis  of   sales   and   room   tax   collections,   room  nights,  convention  attendees,  and  motor  coach  visitors  supplemented  the  findings.    Changes  in  visitor  patterns  and  type  of  traveler,  business  versus  leisure,  are  discussed  as  possible  reasons  for  the  findings.  

Note:    An  earlier  version  of  the  paper  was  presented  to  the  Society  of  Business,  Industry,  and  Economics  in  April  2013  and  is  part  of  that  conference’s  proceedings.  

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Mobile,  United-­‐States  

Estrada,  Adriana  E.    Social  Tourism  and  Senior  Citizens:    Providing  valuable  leisure  experiences  

Social  tourism  is  not  a  new  topic  in  federal  laws  in  Mexico.    This  has  been  established  for  at  least  30  years  now,  however,  it  seems  that  the  area  of  social  tourism  has  gone  into  a  relatively  hidden  topic  in  national  regulations.    Since  its  establishment  in  1974,  the  Tourism  General  Legislation  has  selected  four  groups  to  receive  support  to  participate  in  tourism  and  leisure  trips.    The  groups  benefitting  are  families,  youth,  disabled  people  and  senior  citizens.    This  research  entitles  the  group  of  senior  citizens.    Some  reasons  to  survey  this  group  are  that  they  seem  to  have  more  time  to  participate  in  travel,  they  may  have  some  income  to  spend  while  in  trips,  and  support  (either  by   the  government  or  private  companies)   is  usually  given   to  elderly  people   than   to   the  other   three  groups  proposed  by   the  law.This  paper  presents   the   survey   conducted  and   the   results   gather   after   applying   focus   groups   to   senior   citizens  participating   in  tourism  and  interviews  given  by  organizers  of  these  tours.  

Scientific  Oral  

Universidad  de  Monterrey,  Mexico  

Hu,  Chengming;  Cole  Shu  

The  Analysis  of  Expenditure  Patterns  of  Sport  Tourists  with  Different  Types  of  Fan  Attachment  in  Mega  Sport  Event  

Many  destinations   compete   for   the   opportunity   to   host   either   professional   or   amateur   sport   events   for   various   reasons.  Regarding  these   different  motivations   for   competition,   previous   studies   have  widely   discussed   anticipated   economic   impacts   generated   from  sport   tourists   and   concluded   that   sport   tourist   expenditure   is   a   complicated   phenomenon   that   can   be   influenced   by   various  psychological  and  social-­‐demographic  factors.  Since  fan  attachment  has  not  been  fully  applied  to  analyze  sport  tourists’  expenditure  patterns,   the   purpose   of   this   study   is   to   segment   sport   tourists   attending   the   2012   Super   Bowl   in   order   to   understand   how   sport  tourists’   expenditure   patterns   varied   by   different   types   of   fan   attachments,   and   then   determine   whether   fan   attachment   can   be  considered  as  a  valuable  guide   for  developing  destination  marketing  strategies.   In   this  study,  115  sport   tourists  attending   the  2011  Super  Bowl  were  divided  into  two  groups  –  fans  of  Super  Bowl  matchups  and  fans  of  other  NFL  teams  –  based  on  the  status  of  team  affiliation.   The   result   indicated   that   fans   of   Super   Bowl  matchups   have   a   larger   travel   party   size   and   stay   approximately   1.5  more  nights   than   fans   of   other   NFL   teams.   Additionally,   fans   of   Super   Bowl   matchups   spend   significantly   more   on   food   and   beverage,  shopping,  local  transportation,  entertainment,  and  Super  Bowl  ticket  admission  between  two  groups.  The  fan  attachment  component  thus  provides  a  useful  angle   for  event  marketers  and   local   tourism  stakeholders   in  understanding  sport   tourists’  spending  patterns,  thus  allowing   them   to  design  more  effective  marketing   strategies   to  accommodate   sport   tourists   and  create  more   revenue  at  mega  sport  events.  

Scientific  Poste  

Indiana  University  Bloomington,  United-­‐States  

  89  

Finley-­‐Hervey,  Joycelyn;  

 

Cultural  Tourism:  A  Case  Study  of  Heritage  Tourism  in  Mobile,  Alabama  

This  presentation  explores  the  definition  of  Cultural  Tourism  and  offers  an  examination  of  Heritage  Tourism  in  Mobile,  Alabama.     It  reviews  studies  of  Community  Based  Tourism,  distinguishes  the  character  of  Cultural  and  Heritage  Tourism,  and  offers  a  case  study  of  the  Dora  Franklin  Finley  African-­‐American  Heritage  Trial  of  Mobile.    In  particular,  it  emphasizes  the  need  for  cities  to  develop  cultural  and  heritage   tours   from  diverse  perspectives  and  maintains   that   tourism  planning  and   implementation  should   incorporate  resident  values  and  visions.    Given  today’s  changing  demographics  in  the  United  States,  this  presentation  argues  that  understanding  and  valuing  the  historic  contributions  of  diverse  community  members  is  socially  responsible  behavior  and  economically  beneficial  to  communities.    It  concludes  by  noting  the  significance  of  Cultural  and  Heritage  Tourism  as  a  contributing  force  to  healthy,  thriving  communities  which  are  an  imperative  for  successful  tourism.    Professional  Oral  

University  of  South  Alabama    

  90  

Kang,  Chanho;  Hall,  Michael  

Dimensions  of  Brand  Personality  Traits  in  Tourism  

Given   highly   competitive   markets   where   numerous   quality   equivalent   brands   exist   in   the   tourism   market,   brand   managers   or  practitioners  have   long   sought   to  develop  marketing   strategies   to  differentiate   their  brands   from  competitors  beyond  utilitarian  or  functional  characteristics  (Aaker,  1997;  Azoulay  &  Kapferer,  2003).  Previous  research  has  indicated  that  brand  personality  could  be  an  effective   marketing   tool   for   differentiating   brands   from   competitors   and   thus   of   developing   marketing   strategies   for   sustainable  competitive   advantage   (Buresti   &   Rosenberger,   2006;   Keller,   2008).   However,   there   is   no   conclusive   set   of   brand   personality  instruments   in   order   to   identify  major   brand   personality   dimensions   of   individual   brands  within   a   particular   brand   category.   The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  develop  a  valid  and  reliable  instrument  for  measuring  brand  personality  in  the  tourism  industry  based  on  the   rigorous   definition   of   tourism   brand   personality   that   excludes   non-­‐human   personality   traits,   focusing   on   understanding   the  symbolic  meanings  of  tourism  brands  within  a  specific  category  (e.g.,  professional  fishing  tournament  s  in  the  U.S.).  Expected  results  of  the  study  enable  to  make  a  contribution  to  the  literature  (a)  recognizing  that  defining  the  brand  personality  construct  thoroughly  can  be   a   fundamental   step   in   the   process   of   developing   a   tourism   brand   personality   instrument;   (b)   identifying   that   trait   theory   in  personality  psychology  can  be  a   fundamental   theoretical  base   in   the   study  of  brand  personality;   (c)  developing  a   reliable  and  valid  measurement  with  five  or  six  factors  based  on  the  rigorous  definition  of  brand  personality;  and  (d)  providing  marketing  implications  for  tourism  practitioners  to  initiate  effective  marketing  strategies.  

Professional  Oral  

University  of  North  Alabama,  United  States  

Kang,  Chanho;  Hall,  Michael  

Dimensions  of  Brand  Personality  Traits  in  Tourism  

Given   highly   competitive   markets   where   numerous   quality   equivalent   brands   exist   in   the   tourism   market,   brand   managers   or  practitioners  have   long   sought   to  develop  marketing   strategies   to  differentiate   their  brands   from  competitors  beyond  utilitarian  or  functional  characteristics  (Aaker,  1997;  Azoulay  &  Kapferer,  2003).  Previous  research  has  indicated  that  brand  personality  could  be  an  effective   marketing   tool   for   differentiating   brands   from   competitors   and   thus   of   developing   marketing   strategies   for   sustainable  competitive   advantage   (Buresti   &   Rosenberger,   2006;   Keller,   2008).   However,   there   is   no   conclusive   set   of   brand   personality  instruments   in   order   to   identify  major   brand   personality   dimensions   of   individual   brands  within   a   particular   brand   category.   The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  develop  a  valid  and  reliable  instrument  for  measuring  brand  personality  in  the  tourism  industry  based  on  the   rigorous   definition   of   tourism   brand   personality   that   excludes   non-­‐human   personality   traits,   focusing   on   understanding   the  symbolic  meanings  of  tourism  brands  within  a  specific  category  (e.g.,  professional  fishing  tournament  s  in  the  U.S.).  Expected  results  of  the  study  enable  to  make  a  contribution  to  the  literature  (a)  recognizing  that  defining  the  brand  personality  construct  thoroughly  can  be   a   fundamental   step   in   the   process   of   developing   a   tourism   brand   personality   instrument;   (b)   identifying   that   trait   theory   in  personality  psychology  can  be  a   fundamental   theoretical  base   in   the   study  of  brand  personality;   (c)  developing  a   reliable  and  valid  measurement  with  five  or  six  factors  based  on  the  rigorous  definition  of  brand  personality;  and  (d)  providing  marketing  implications  for  tourism  practitioners  to  initiate  effective  marketing  strategies.  

Professional  Oral  

University  of  North  Alabama,  United-­‐States  

  91  

Mehdizadeh,  Abbas;  Talebpour,  Mahdi;  Fathi,  Mehrdad  

The  study  of  sport  tourism:  case  study  in  IRAN  

The  aim  of  present  study  was  assessment  of  sport  tourism  status  in  Mashhad  based  on  SWOT  Analysis.  The  type  of  investigation  was  descriptive  which  was  done  with  surveying  method.  The  population  of  this  investigation  was  included  105  subjects  such  as  professors,  physical  education  experts,   tourism  experts  and  tourism  tour   leaders.  ?h?  measurement   tool  was  a  49-­‐questionnaire,  which  studied  the  factors  affecting  the  sport  tourism  in  five  indexes  of  economic  and  marketing,  social  and  cultural,  tourism  attractions,  equipment  and   sport   events   and   services  which  were   identified   by   using     Delphi  method,   into   four   components   SWOT.   ?h?   Reliability   of   the  questionnaire  was  0.83   through   the   chronbach   coefficient.   In   order   to   analyze   the  data,   the  descriptive   statistic  methods   including  abundance,  percentage,  mean,  and  standard  deviation  and  inferential  statistics  methods  including  single-­‐variable  of  “t”,  the  Freedman  test,   and  multi-­‐variant  analysis  of  variance   test  were  used.  The  results   showed   that   the  quality  of  accommodations   in  Hotels  as   the  most   important  strength,   lack  of  qualified  personnel   in  different  positions  as   the  most   important  weakness,  existence  of   traded  and  vast  market   in  Mashhad  as   the  most   important  opportunity,   and  weakness   in   railway   transportation  as   the  most   important   threat,  were  in  the  field  of  sport  tourism  in  Mashhad.  The  results  of  F-­‐test  in  the  level  of  P=0.05    for  the  strengths  of  1.74,  weaknesses  of  0.82  ,opportunities  of  0.23  and   threats  of  1.76  was  observed,  which   is  not   indicates  significant  difference  between  the  views  of  different  groups  of  experts  about  SWOT  of  sports.  

Scientific  Oral  

 University  of  Ferdowsi  Mashhad,  Mashhad,  I.R.IRAN  

Mirehie,  Mona;  Gibson,  Heather  

Examining  Ski  and  Snowboard  Tourists’  Satisfaction  and  Revisit  Intention    An  Exploratory  Study  

Iran  is  not  usually  thought  of  as  a  ski  destination.  However,   the  country  has  well-­‐developed  ski  resorts  that  offer  great  potential   for  generating   tourism   revenues.   Dizin   ski   resort   as   the   largest   ski   resort   in   the   Middle   East   was   selected   to   explore   ski   tourists’  satisfaction  and  revisit  intention.  An  expectation-­‐perception  approach  was  applied  to  measure  satisfaction.  Data  were  collected  on  site  from  a  systematic  random  sample  of  ski   tourists  (n=383).  Respondents  completed  a  questionnaire  containing  measures  of  attribute  congruency,  information  congruency,  overall  satisfaction,  revisit  intention,  and  demographics.  Data  analysis  was  conducted  using  SPSS  frequencies,  simultaneous  and  stepwise  multiple  regression  analyses.  Results  demonstrated  that  the  average  level  of  expectations  was  higher   than   the  perceptions.  Also,   respondents   reported   a  moderate   level   of   overall   satisfaction.  Unlike   previous   literature   (Oliver,  1993;  Spreng  et.al,  1996;  Petrick  and  Backman,  1999),  no  significant  relationship  was  found  between  attribute  congruency  and  overall  satisfaction.   However,   findings   revealed   a   significant   relationship   between   information   congruency   and   overall   satisfaction   which  admits   the   information   satisfaction   dimension   that   Petrick   and   Backman   (1999)   added   to   Oliver’s  model   (1993).   “Excellent   resort  services”  was  found  to  be  the  best  predictor  of  overall  satisfaction.  Given  the  current  economic  status  of  the  country,  annual  income  was  assumed  to  be  a  determining  factor  in  revisit  intention.  However,  overall  satisfaction  was  found  to  have  more  power  than  annual  income  in  predicting  the  revisit  intention.  Results  further  suggest  that  meeting  customers’  expectations,  providing  accurate  and  timely  information,  and  offering  excellent  service  quality  in  resort  secures  satisfied,  loyal  customers.    

Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Florida,  United-­‐States  

 

  92  

Nyaupane,  Gyan  Understanding  Rural  Transformations:  Agriculture-­‐based  to  Tourism-­‐based  Economy  

Tourism   has   been   accepted   as   a   new   emerging   economy   that   can   help   struggling   rural   economies   by   providing   market   for   farm  produces,  small  scale  entrepreneurial  opportunities,  and  employment.  Many  communities,  with  the  support  from  governments,  NGOs  and   INGOs,   have   therefore   promoted   tourism.   However,   shifting   from   an   extractive   industry-­‐   or   agriculture-­‐based   economy   to   a  tourism-­‐based  economy   is  a  challenging  process   (Bryant,  1995).    The  purpose  of   this  study   is   to  understand   the  process  of   shifting  agricultural-­‐based  economy  to  tourism-­‐  and  service-­‐based  economy,  using  the  community  capital  framework  (Flora,  2005).  This  study  was  conducted   in  southern  Utah  and  northern  Arizona,  USA,  using  appreciative   inquiry,  a  participatory  research  methods  based  on  social  constructivism,  as  a  methodological  paradigm.    This  study  identified  four  major  impediments  associated  with  shifting  economy  that   include   locals   skepticism,   and   lack   of   human   capital   and   financial   capital.     Further,   new   immigrant   population   seizes   the  opportunities  and  takes  control  of  the  tourism  industry.  This  in  turn  also  creates  some  forms  of  antagonistic  relationships  between  the  locals   and   immigrants   “move-­‐in”   groups   within   the   communities.   This   paper   has   theoretical   contributions   to   the   tourism   and  community   development   literature,   and   practical   implications   for   policy   makers   and   community   leaders.      References:Bryant,   C.   R.   (1995).   The   role   of   local   actors   in   transforming   the   urban   fringe.   Journal   of   Rural   Studies,   11,   255-­‐267.      Flora,  C.  (2005).  Social  aspects  of  small  water  systems.  Journal  of  Contemporary  Water  Research,  126,  6  -­‐12.  

Scientific  Oral  

Arizona  State  University,  United-­‐States  

Price-­‐Howard,  Kate;  Holdnak,  Andy;  Holladay,  Patrick      

A  Look  at  the  Economic  Impact  on  the  Florida/Alabama  Gulf  Coast  Following  the  BP  Oil  Spill  of  2010  

The  2010  Deepwater  Horizon  oil  spill  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  was  not  only  an  environmental  disaster;  it  was  an  economic  disaster  as  it  severely  impacted  coastal  tourism  from  Louisiana  to  Florida.  In  an  early  attempt  to  mitigate  some  of  these  impacts  British  Petroleum  (BP)   gave   millions   of   dollars   to   coastal   tourism   management   organizations   on   the   Gulf   Coast   to   be   used   for   immediate   tourism  promotions.   This   study   attempted   to   investigate  both   effective   and  non-­‐effective  marketing   and   retention   efforts  made   to  promote  tourism   along   the   Florida/Alabama   Gulf   Coast.   This   study   investigated   specific  marketing   and   retention   efforts   as  well   as   data   on  tourists’   trends   over   the   summers   of   2010   –   2014   using   bed   tax   data.   Data   on   trends   since   the   oil   spill   provided   inference   on   the  resilience  of  tourism  along  the  area.  Qualitative  interviews  with  key  informants  of  the  Tourist  Development  Council  and  Convention  and  Visitors  Bureau  allowed  analysis  of  customer  retention  efforts.  Bed  tax  data   in  the  region  indicated  strong  growth  from  2010—2013.  Customer  intention  to  return  was  most  strongly  influenced  by  proximity  and  amenities.  Retention  efforts  after  the  spill  focused  on  targeted  messaging  that  built  social  capital  values  of  trust  and  networks,  thus  improving  resilience  and  moderating  the  customer  perceptions  of  oil  spill  impacts  in  the  region.  

Professional  Oral    

Troy  University,  University  of  West  Florida,  United-­‐States  

Robinson,  Derrick  

An  Analysis  of  Tourists'  Preferences  and  Perceptions  for  Gulf  Coast  Seafood:  Does  Labeling  Matter  

This   paper   analyzes   the   impacts   of   differentiated   Gulf   Coast   Region   (GCR)   seafood   products   specifically   looking   at   consumers’  perceptive   preferences   and   how   these   products   impact   consumer   choice   in   the   GCR.     The   study   uses   the   conceptual   “lens”  model,  which  examines   the   impact  of  product  differentiation  on  consumer  preferences   through  attribute  perception   labeling.    This   type  of  labeling  specifically  identifies  consumers’  perceptions  of  safety  of  products,  more  specifically  seafood  products.    These  perceptions  of  product  attributes  are  determined  endogenously  when  looking  at  the  choice  to  consume  GCR  seafood.    To  improve  on  the  model,  use  of  a  stated  preference  discrete  choice  random  utility  model  will  be  used  to  examine  these  consumers’  product  perceptions  on  the  stated  preference  to  consume  seafood  when  traveling  to  the  GCR  using  a  bivariate  probit  estimation  method.    The  results  show  that  traveling  consumers  to  the  GCR  value  safe  seafood,  and  have  increased  likelihood  of  consuming  GCR  seafood  when  safe  seafood  perception  value  is  increased.  

Scientific  Oral  

Auburn  University,  United-­‐States.  

  93  

Talebpour,  Mahdi;  Aghae,  Masoud  i  ;    Khademlou,  Alireza;  Ebrahimi,  Zohre  

Identification  and  Ranking  of  the  Factors  Affecting  the  Development  of  the  Sport  Tourism  in  Iran  

 The  tourism  industry  plays  an  important  role  in  the  economy  and  cultural  interactions  of  the  nations.  Aim  of  Study  was  to  investigate  the  viewpoint  of  the  sport  and  tourism  experts  in  regard  with  the  factors  affecting  the  development  of  the  sport  tourism  in  Khorasan  Province.Material   and  Methods:   In   this   analytical   descriptive,   the   statistical   sample   included  92   sport   and  59   tourism   experts  who  were  randomly  selected.  The  data  were  collected  using  a  researcher-­‐made  questionnaire  consisted  of  40  questions  with  5  value  Likert  scale   (including   push   factors,   attracting   factors,   and   deterrent   factors).   The   validity   of   the   questionnaire   was   confirmed,   while   its  reliability  was  calculated  using  the  Cronbach's  alpha  (0.81).  Descriptive  and  inferential  statistics  (Friedman  test)  was  applied  to  fulfill  the   data   analysis.Results:   The   findings   indicated   that   the   order   of   the   factors   affecting   the   development   of   the   sport   tourism   is   as  following:  attracting  factors  with  a  mean  of  2.94,  deterrent  factors  with  a  mean  of  1.81,  and  the  push  factors  with  a  mean  equal  to  1.25.  Furthermore,   amongst   the   sub   scales   of   the   attracting   factors   “the   quality   of   the   accommodation   facilities”   with   a  mean   of   13.19;  amongst  the  sub  scales  of  the  deterrent  factors  “warmth  and  unpleasant  climate”  with  a  mean  of  10.69;  and  amongst  the  sub  scales  of  the  push  factors  “tranquility  and  relaxation”  with  a  mean  equal  to  9.89  were  ranked  as  the  most  important  sub-­‐factors  impacting  the  sport  tourism  in  the  region.    

Scientific  Oral  

Ferdowsi  University  of  Mashhad,  Science  sport  research  center  of  Iran,  Iran.  

Tanaka,  Nobuhiko,  Yamada,  Takashi    

Geographical  Evaluation  of  Rural  Tourism  Management  –  Analyzing  the  Distribution  of  Tourist  Attractions  and  Accommodations  –  

Rural  tourism,  which  involves  enjoying  nature,  traditional  rural  culture,  and  agricultural  experiences,  is  becoming  an  important  leisure  activity  in  Japan.  In  Japanese,  this  kind  of  rural  area  is  often  called  “Satoyama.”When  we  promote  tourism  in  Satoyama,  an  appropriate  accommodation  system  becomes  a  key  issue,  because  unlike  urban  tourist  destinations,  Satoyama  areas  sometimes  find  it  difficult  to  prepare  abundant  guest  rooms.  In  addition,  Satoyama  tourist  activities  are  sometimes  conducted  from  early  in  the  morning  to  late  at  night,  and  thus  accommodations  are  needed  conveniently  close   to   the  attractions.To  manage  Satoyama  tourism  effectively,  we  have  developed  a  method  for  analyzing  the  geographical  relationship  between  the  distribution  of  attractions  and  accommodations.  For  the  study  area,  we  chose  Okutama  Town,  Tokyo,   Japan.  All   the   tourist  attractions  and  accommodations  were  gathered   from  an  existing  database.  Next,  each  geographical   location  was  identified,  and  then  grid  analyses  (Tanaka  2010)  were  conducted.Results  recognized  eight   high-­‐potential   areas   of   tourist   attractions   and   five   high-­‐potential   areas   of   accommodations.   These   high-­‐potential   areas   are  connected   like   a   bunch   of   grapes.   We   also   found   a   high-­‐proximity   relationship   between   the   two   high-­‐potential   areas.   Thus,   for  Okutama   Town,   rural   tourism   can   be   effectively   and   successfully   conducted.This   study   was   supported   by   KAKENHI   of   the   Japan  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Science  (JSPS)  (Grant-­‐in-­‐Aid  for  Scientific  Research  (C)  24580226).  The  authors  would  like  to  thank  Enago  (www.enago.jp)  for  the  English  language  review.  

Scientific  Oral  

Tokai  University,  Japan  

Tsai,  Chiung-­‐Tzu  Lucetta  

Research  into  the  Effects  of  Tourism  on  Suburban  Taipei:  Sanshia  and  Yinge  Areas  

Experiences  have  always  been  at  the  core  of  tourism  and  hospitality.  Nowadays  however,  experiences  are  seen  as  the  way  to  remain  competitive   in  markets  where   global   competition   and   technology   have   turned   products   and   services   into   commodities.   There   is   a  growing  research  interest  in  understanding  the  individual  consumer’s  experience,  as  well  as  management  approaches  of  experiences.  This  study  aims  to  explore  the  understanding  of  the  many  different  facets  of  experiences  in  tourism  and  hospitality  business  in  suburb  Taipei  in  particular  the  impact  of  the  Sanshia  and  Yinge  area.  There  is  an  attempt  to  examine  the  service  quality  of  tourist  attractions,  moreover,  the  perceptions  and  travel  experiences  of  tourists  who  visit  Sanshia  and  Yinge  area.  This  study  also  analyzes  how  images  of  tourism   and   hospitality   business   are   perceived   and   constructed   in   tourists’   travel   experience   as   a  whole.   Tourism   and   hospitality  business  in  Sanshia  and  Yinge  area  present  culture  images  and  this  research  will  discuss  how  this  has  influenced  tourists’  motivation  and  consumer  behavior  during  their  visit.    

Scientific  Oral  

National  Taipei  University,  Taiwan  

  94  

Vaugeois,  Nicole;  Evernden,  Nichola  

Modernizing  systems  to  provide  enhance  market  intelligence  to  communities  for  tourism  development  decisions  

Determining   where   firms   and   destinations   should   allocate   scarce   marketing   dollars   can   be   challenging,   particularly   when   market  intelligence   is   limited.    For  rural  and  remote  regions   that  are  at  early  stages  of   tourism  development,   these  decisions  are  critical   to  success.  Having  an  understanding  of  the  profile  of  visiting  markets  can  assist  these  destinations  to  make  more  informed  and  less  risky  marketing   investments.    Unfortunately,   this   type   of   data   is   rarely   available   and  marketing  decisions  must   rely   on  macro   level   data  sources  at  the  metro,  provincial  or  national  level.    This  presentation  will  describe  a  multi-­‐stakeholder  initiative  to  design  and  pilot  a  community-­‐based   visitor   experience   study   in   four   communities   on   Vancouver   Island,   BC.     The  model   was   successful   and   is   being  expanded  to  other  communities  in  Vancouver  Island  in  an  attempt  to  create  a  system  for  ongoing,  local  data  for  tourism  development.    The  presentation  will  highlight  important  elements  in  the  design  of  the  model,  the  process  used  to  gather  data,  the  tools  used  to  share  results  and  the  feedback  from  the  community  stakeholders  involved.    This  session  will  be  valuable  to  those  interested  in  modernizing  data  collection  on  visitors  at  the  community  or  regional  level.  

Professional  Oral  

Vancouver  Island  University,  Canada  

White,  Brian  Garden  Tourism:    Building  a  Garden  Tourism  Sector  in  British  Columbia  

One-­‐quarter  of  both  Canadian  and  American  adults  reported  visiting  a  botanical  garden  or  a  garden  attraction  while  on  a  trip  during  the  previous  two  years.    Garden  Tourism  in  south  western  British  Columbia  Canada  has  recently  evolved  into  a  recognized  Destination  BC  provincial  tourism  sector.  This  niche  market  has  the  added  bonus  of  promoting  substantial  leisure  opportunities  for  local  garden  hobbyists.  The  mild  climate  of  Southwestern  BC  and  Vancouver  Island  means  thousands  of  local  gardeners  provide  a  repeat  market  for  garden  attractions.  The  Garden  Tourism  Sector  designation  allows  for  collective  marketing  of  gardens,  tours  and  trails.  It  encompasses  gardens  run  by  volunteers,  community  based  projects,  and  show  and  botanical  gardens  that  charge  admission.    This  study  looks  at  the  creation  of  the  Garden  Tourism  Sector  as  a  model  of  encouraging  niche  tourism,  and  also  the  spin  off  economic  and  social  benefits  as  residents  strive  to  beautify  their  own  gardens.  

Professional  Oral  

Royal  Roads  University,  Canada  

Wooten,  Marian  A  Case  Study  of  Interpretation  at  the  Lincoln  Log  Cabin  State  Historic  Site  

Engaging   visitors   can   prove   challenging   for   historic   attractions,   like   the   Lincoln   Log   Cabin   State   Historic   Site   (LLCSHS),   in   Lerna,  Illinois.    This  site  brings  history  to  life  by  using  first  person  interpretation  as  its  primary  means  of  educating  visitors  about  rural  life  in  the   1840s.   The   purpose   of   this   research   was   to   ascertain   the   message   the   site   hoped   to   impart   to   visitors   and   how   interpreters  conveyed   this   message.  A  single  unit  case  study  was  employed  for  the  study  (Yin,  1989),  and  data  was  collected  from  June  2007  through  November  2007  in  the  following  forms:    Interviews  with  staff  and  volunteers,  direct  observations  of  interpreters,  participant  observations  as  an  interpreter,  and   physical   artifacts   (i.e.,   tools   and   implements   used   at   the   site   as   well   as   items   needed   by   the   researcher   during   participant  observation)  (Creswell,  1998;  Yin,  1989)  

The  study   found   that   interpreters  at   the  LLCSHS  have  specific  messages  about   the  Lincoln   family  and   life   in   the  1840s   to   impart   to  visitors  via   first  person   interpretation  and  the  creation  of  an  accurate  experience  (using  historical  personas,  clothing,  activities,  and  visitor   engagement).     Important   parts   of   the   interpreter’s   historical   persona  were   clothing,   dialect,   and   developing   the   persona   by  merging   historical   facts   and   one’s   personality.     The   historical   experience   can   occur   for   visitors   if   they   are  willing   to   suspend   their  disbelief   and   imagine   they   have   entered   1845.     Findings   can   help   other   historical   sites   to   improve   visitor   experiences   and   better  engage  visitors  in  the  study  of  history;  one  important  consideration  is  staff  commitment  to  interpretation.  

Scientific  Oral  

The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke,  United-­‐States  

  95  

Wu,  Jamie;  Paulsen,  Richard;  Garcia,  Luis    

International  Engagement  in  Mexico  (IEM):  An  exemplary  study  abroad  program  model  for  promoting  community  livelihood  and  positive  student  outcomes  

The   International  Engagement   in  Mexico  (IEM)  Study  Abroad  Program,  offered  by   the  Department  of  Community  Sustainability  and  Migrant  Student  Services  at  Michigan  State  University  has  been  known  for  its  diverse  student  populations  and  its  strong  emphasis  on  volunteer   tourism   and   civic   engagement   work   in   the   cross-­‐cultural   context.   During   the   spring   break   of   2014,   about   140   college  students  and  a  dozen  of  staff  went  on  the  trip  to  four  different  cities  in  Mexico  working  with  12  nonprofit  organizations  to  improve  the  livelihood   of   local   communities.   The   program   effects   are   best   known   for   promoting   intercultural   friendships,   enhancing   ethnic  identity,   and  helping  participants   to   strengthen   their   sense  of  purpose   in   life.  Building  upon  more   than  a  decade  of   experience,   the  operational  model  has  been  considered  one  of  the  best  engagement  models  in  the  nation  that  effectively  delivers  engaged  learning  in  cross-­‐cultural   contexts.  This  professional  presentation  will  demonstrate   the  organizational   structures  of   the  program,   the  academic  aspect  of   the  curriculum  design  and  the  project-­‐based  programming  designed   for  college  student  participants.  The  audience  will  be  exposed  to  the  first-­‐hand  study  abroad  program  experiences,  key  elements  for  building  community  partnership  and  critical  aspects  of  program  management.  

Professional  Oral  

Michigan  State  University,  United-­‐States  

 

  96  

United  Nations  

Jalloh,  Abubakarr  Leisure  and  Tourism:  The  United  Nations  Development  Goals  

Leisure   and   tourism   industries   have   the   potential   to   contribute   to   the   achievement   of   the   United   Nations   (UN)   Millennium  Development  Goals  (MDGs).  The  MDGs  consists  of  eight  (8)  internationally-­‐agreed  goals  that  promotes  and  foster  social,  economic,  and  public  health  improvements  as  well  as  environmental  sustainability.  As  an  organization  operating  in  consultative-­‐status  with  the  UN   system,   the  World   Leisure   Organization   (WLO)   aligns   and   supports   the   work   of   the   organization,   in   particular   towards   the  achievement  of  the  MDGs.  WLO’s  current  strategic  plan,  Leisure:  Enhancing  The  Human  Condition  –  Priorities  and  Strategies  2009  –  2014,   identifies  MDGs  as  a  one  of   its  six  major  priorities.  Last  year,  WLO  crafted  a  position  paper  on  the  contribution  of   leisure  in  achieving   the   MDGs.   The   paper   signifies   WLO’s   ongoing   support   and   commitment   to   work   with   the   UN   system   in   regards   to  improving  the  human  condition.  Specifically,  WLO  believes  that  leisure  is  an  essential  contributor  towards  improving  people’s  lives  through  social,  economic  and  cultural  development  as  well  as  fostering  global  public  health  and  environmental  sustainability.  This  presentation   focuses   on   the   potential   contribution   of   leisure   and   its   related   industries,   in   particular,   tourism,   towards   the  achievement  of  the  MDGs.  Additionally,  WLO’s  potential  role  in  the  UN’s  Post-­‐2015  Agenda  will  be  discussed.  The  Post-­‐2015  Agenda  refers  to  a  global  process  led  by  the  UN  system  that  aims  to  define  the  future  global  development  framework  that  will  succeed  the  MDGs,  which  are  slated  to  expire  in  2015.    Professional  Oral  

World  Leisure  Organization  

Volunteerism  

Dillette,  Alana;  Douglas,  Alecia    

Exploring  and  Comparing  the  Perceptions  of  Bahamian  Family  Islanders  and  Volunteer  Tourists  

Volunteer   Tourism   has   been   defined   as   “a   seamlessly   integrated   combination   of   voluntary   service   to   a   destination   and   the   best  traditional  elements  of  travel-­‐arts,  culture,  geography  and  history-­‐in  that  destination”.  For  the  Family  Islands  of  The  Bahamas,  lack  of  infrastructure   and   resources   have   made   it   difficult   for   any   long-­‐term   success   with   mass   tourism   projects.   These   islands   face  challenges  with  sustainability,  as  well  as  negative  social,  cultural  and  environmental  impacts  characteristic  of  mass  tourism.  Due  to  the   unique   nature   of   the   Family   Island   product,   volunteer   tourism   may   be   one   way   to   move   toward   sustainable   tourism.    Understanding  the  unique  dynamic  between  the  attitudes  of  local  residents  and  volunteer  tourists  has  proven  to  be  a  vital  step  in  the  sustainability  and  execution  of  tourism  planning.  Therefore,  the  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  examine  the  motivations  and  perceptions  of   both   Bahamian   Islanders   as   well   as   volunteer   tourists.   A  mixed  methods   approach   utilizing   both   qualitative   and   quantitative  techniques   is   used   to   examine   the   participants   of   this   study   providing   for   a   deep   understanding   of   the   volunteer   tourism  phenomenon.  Social  exchange  theory  is  used  a  theoretical  foundation  for  this  study  to  show  the  degree  to  which  benefits,   impacts  and   support   for   volunteer   tourism   affect   the   support   for   cross-­‐cultural   understanding   as   a   result   of   volunteer   tourism   for   both  groups.  This  research  suggests  that  perceptions  towards  volunteer  tourism  are  mostly  positive;  however  there  is  evidence  that  host  communities  and  volunteer  tourists  have  differing  opinions  on  their  perceptions  of  volunteer  tourism.    

Scientific  Oral  

Auburn  University,  United-­‐States    

  97  

Gallant,  Karen  

Volunteering  for  self  and  community:  An  exploration  of  individualism  in  the  context  of  decisions  to  begin  and  end  volunteering  

Some   scholars   suggest   we   are   living   in   an   increasingly   individualistic   culture,   a   shift   often   deplored   as   contributing   to   a   loss   of  community   and   deemed   responsible   for   a   trend   from   volunteers   making   long-­‐term   commitments   to   shorter,   goal-­‐oriented  volunteering.   In   contrast,   others   have   suggested   that   the   shift   toward   individualism   and   shorter-­‐term   volunteer   commitments  represents  volunteers’  increasing  personal  agency,  self-­‐knowledge  and  self-­‐reflection.  In  the  context  of  these  divergent  perspectives  on  the   influence   of   individualism   on   volunteering,   this   research   aimed   to   describe   volunteers’   reasons   for   volunteering,   continuing   to  volunteer   and   for   leaving   previous   volunteer   positions.   Following   a   constructivist   grounded   theory   methodology,   hour-­‐long,  audiotaped   semi-­‐structured   interviews  were   conducted  with   10   adults  who   currently   volunteer   but   have   also   previously   ended   at  least  one  other  volunteer   role.  Themes   that  describe  participants’  decision-­‐making  about   their   volunteering  are:   (1)   living  within  a  culture   of   volunteering,   (2)   volunteering   as   a   resource,   (3)   “natural   endings”   and   opportunities   for   change.   The   theme   culture   of  volunteering  focuses  on  volunteers’  immersion  in  communities  where  volunteering  is  a  norm.  The  theme  volunteering  as  a  resource  describes  participants’  evaluation  of  their  volunteer  contributions  for  personal  and/or  collective  benefit  as  a  way  of  making  decisions  about  volunteering.  The   theme  “natural  endings”  and  opportunities   for  change   focuses  on   the  practical   reasons   that  volunteers  end  their  roles,  and  the  underlying  discontent  that  can  be  a  subtext  for  such  decisions.  This  research  suggests  that  decisions  to  begin,  end,  or  continue  volunteering  reflect  a  combination  of  self-­‐interest  and  collective  values.  Scientific  Oral  

School  of  Health  and  Human  Performance,  Dalhousie  University,  Canada  

Michel,  Marie-­‐Edith  

How  Parks  and  Recreation  Professionals  Can  Help  Victims  of  Disaster  by  Leveraging  their  Expertise  through  Volunteering  for,  and  Sponsoring  Opportunities  

Disasters  offer  opportunities  for  park  and  recreation  agencies  and  practitioners  to  partner  with  recovery  agencies,  along  with  non-­‐profit  support  for  recovery  to  children  and  families.      Opportunities  to  provide  hope  and  benefits  that  come  from  play  are  endless.    The  ability  to  provide  solutions  to  these  opportunities  are  limited  by  a  willingness  to  get  involved  by  people  who  can  make  a  difference.  Kids  Around  the  World  (KIDS)  is  a  non-­‐profit  organization  that  helps  build  playgrounds  in  communities  devastated  by  disaster.    In  20  years,  they  have  built  350+  playgrounds  in  over  50  countries.    KIDS  provides  new  and  refurbished  playgrounds  (donated  by  parks  and  recreation  agencies,  schools,  and  others),  to  benefit  children  in  deprived  areas.  Each  park,  recreation  and  leisure  professional  can  play  a  key  role  in  providing  hope  for  at-­‐risk  children.    You  can  help  sponsor  a  playground  through  donations  to  cover  refurbishing  and  shipping  costs.    And  you  can  help  by  participating  in  an  “Impact  Team”  trip.    Join  KIDS  team  of  volunteers  and  travel  to  underprivileged  areas  nationwide  and  worldwide  to  install  one  of  their  playgrounds  for  the  children.    Spend  time  playing  with  the  very  children,  and  loving  them,  you  go  to  help.    You  will  never  be  the  same!      Professional  Poster  

Kids  Around  the  World,  United-­‐States  

Wu,  Jamie;  Paulsen,  Richard  

Examining  the  impacts  of  participating  in  a  volunteer  tourism-­‐based  study  abroad  program  on  college  students’  sense  of  purpose  in  life  

One  in  six  Americans  between  18  and  24  years  of  age  is  neither  in  school  nor  in  the  workforce  (2012  Kids  Count  Data  Book).  The  data  suggested  a   large  disengaged  population  among  today’s  young  adults,  and   it  can   threaten  the  nation’s   long-­‐term  civil  and  economic  progress  (Wilkinson,  2012).  Even  for  people  continuing  education  after  high-­‐school,  the  time  spent  in  college  is  often  a  critical  post-­‐adolescent  period  for  continuous  exploration  of  identity  and  life  purpose  (DeWitz,  et.  al,  2009).  Over  the  past  ten  years,  research  has  highlighted  numerous  benefits  associated  with  emerging  adults  having  a  clear  life  purpose,  including  better  well-­‐being  (Pizzolato  et  al.,  2011),  engaged  living  (Froh  et  al.,  2010)  and  possessing  an  expanded  sense  of  community  (Quinn,  2012).  A  clear  purpose  also  appears  to  help  attenuate  distress   (Thoits,  2003)  and  reduce   risky  behaviors   (Minehan  et.   al,  2000).  Using  a  volunteer   tourism-­‐based  study  abroad  program,  this  study  examined  its  impacts  on  college  students’  sense  of  purpose  in  life.  During  the  spring  break  of  2014,  a  total  of  133  undergraduates  from  a  Midwest  university  were  organized  into  four  city  groups  conducting  civic  engagement  activities  with  12  different   nonprofit   organizations   in  Mexico.   The  majority   of   students   (60%)  were   first   generation   college   attendees   from  Latino/a  migrant   families.   Based   on   qualitative   data   collected   through   group   reflections,   interviews   and   papers,   as   well   as   pre-­‐   and   post-­‐  program   surveys   conducted  with   80%   students   completing   both   surveys,   the   study   found   the   program   helped   students   develop   a  clearer  life  purpose  and  strengthen  their  desire  to  help  others.    Scientific  Oral  

Michigan  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  98  

Women  and  Gender  

Berdychevsky,  Liza;  Gibson,  Heather  

Technological  Tools  Facilitating  Qualitative  Data  Analysis  

The  purpose  of  this  workshop  is  to  illustrate  the  utility  of  qualitative  data  analysis  software  (e.g.,  ATLAS.ti,  NVivo,  and  MAXQDA).  The  workshop  focuses  on  the  analysis  of  the  text  using  ATLAS.ti,  starting  with  creation  of  hermeneutic  units,   linkage  of  documents  to  the  unit,  and  inspection  of  the  main  work  space;  proceeding  to  various  coding,  linking,  memo-­‐writing,  grouping,  and  organizing  software  functions;   and   concluding  with  different   output   and   retrieval   options.  Almost   any   kind  of   qualitative   analysis   involves   some   sort   of  coding  to   identify   the   themes   in   the  data.   In  ATLAS.ti,   the  researcher  can  create   free  quotations  and/or  assign  them  a  code  using  an  open  coding  strategy  (with  an  option  of  in  vivo  labeling)  and/or  using  an  established  list  of  codes.  At  the  more  advanced  coding  levels,  the   researcher   can   unite   the   codes   into   the   families   of   codes   (with   overarching   super   codes)   and   networks/maps   of   semantic  relationships.  Additionally,   the  researcher  can  promptly  run  basic  quantitative  content  analysis   (including  word  clouds)   in  ATLAS.ti.  The   software   also   creates   outputs   and   facilitates   an   easy   retrieval   of   the   quotes   per   code/s   with   the   QueryTool   using   Boolean,  proximity,   and   semantic   operators.   The   researcher   can   also   attach   analytical   memo/s   to   any   element   of   the   hermeneutic   unit   in  ATLAS.ti.   To   conclude,   this   type   of   software   does   not   conduct   the   analysis   instead   of   the   researcher,   but   acts   as   an   organizing   tool  helping  the  researcher  to  cope  with  large  amounts  of  data,  to  visualize  the  analysis,  and  to  promptly  retrieve  the  coded  data.  Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Illinois,  University  of  Florida,  United-­‐States  

Chen,  Hsin-­‐Yu;  Yarnal,  Careen;  Chick,  Garry;  Jablonski,  Nina    

“I  don’t  want  to  get  tanned”:  Cultural  perceptions  of  lighter  skin  color  and  East  Asian  women’s  constraints  for  outdoor  activities  

The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  explore  the  meanings  and  roles  of  cultural  ideals  regarding  lighter  skin  for  East  Asian  (EA)  women  and  how  these  cultural  ideals  affect  EA  women’s  participation  in  outdoor  activities.  Data  was  collected  from  in-­‐depth,  semi-­‐structured,  face-­‐to-­‐face  interviews,  using  open-­‐ended  questions,  in  2013  with  16  EA  women.  Results  revealed  that  lighter  skin  color  is  preferable  due  to  positive   connotations   (e.g.,   beauty,   gender   roles,   and   social   status,   etc.)   in   EA   culture.   Participants   shared   that   EA   women   avoid  participation   in   outdoor   activities,   dislike   activities   requiring   sun   exposure,   and   choose   indoor   over   outdoor   pastimes   because   of  concerns   about   tanning.   This   characterization   corresponds   to   the  definition   of   leisure   constraints,   factors   that   potentially   inhibit   or  prohibit  leisure  participation  as  well  as  limit  or  affect  individuals’  leisure  enjoyment  or  preferences  (Crawford  &  Godbey,  1987).  Also,  it  supports   Chick   and   Dong’s   (2005)   recommendation   that   culture   should   have   equal   status   with   interpersonal,   intrapersonal,   and  structural   factors   when   considering   leisure   behaviors.   Many   different   leisure   behaviors   are   related   to   cultural   norms,   customary  beliefs,  value  systems,  and  social  organizations.    In  conclusion,  this  study  not  only  adds  to  the  body  of  knowledge  regarding  culture  and  gender  issues  conducted  in  the  leisure  field  but  also   highlights   the   complexity   of   cultural   constraints   and   leisure   behavior   (Chick   &   Dong,   2005).   Through   these   results,   practical  implications  can  be  used  to  develop  potential  strategies  to  help  negotiate  the  constraints  EA  women  face.    Scientific  Oral  

The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  United-­‐States  

  99  

Codina,  Nuria;  Balari,  Cristina  

Women's  Sport  and  Physical  Activity.  From  the  Zimbardo  and  Boyd’s  Time  Perspective  to  the  strategies  for  psychosocial  intervention  

The  sport  practice  was  a   leisure  activity   that  had  relegated  women   to  a   secondary  role.   It  has  been   in   recent   times  when   they  have  begun   to   reclaim   sports   rights   and   practice   spaces   for   women;   therefore,   enhancing   the   physical   and   sports   activities   has   gained  increasing  importance  in  the  implementation  of  healthy  leisure  habits.  However,  the  promotion  of  women  in  the  practice  has  met  with  the  obstacle  of  inactivity,  as  well  as  the  need  to  deepen  the  variables  related  to  the  practice  of  physical  and  sports  activities.  Drawing  on  this,  a  study  with  90  women  in  three  sports  facilities  in  the  metropolitan  area  of  Barcelona  (aged  18  to  64,  M  =  40.24,  SD  =  14.68)  was  carried  out.  The  participants  completed  the  Scale  of  Time  Perspective  (Zimbardo  and  Boyd   ,  1999;  adaptation  to  Spanish  samples  by  Díaz-­‐Morales,  2006).  The   results  obtained  with   the   factors  of   the   inventory  –  Past  Negative,  Past  Positive,  Present  Fatalism,  Present  Hedonism,   and   Future   –   put   into  manifest   significant   associations   between   age   and   Time   Perspective,   and   also   among   reasons   for  practicing   and   time   devoted   to   this   leisure   activity.   The   findings   are   discussed   according   to   the   strategies   to   take   into   account   for  psychosocial  interventions  aimed  at  promoting  physical  practice  of  leisure  sports  in  women  and,  consequently,  to  improve  their  health.  Scientific  Oral  

Department  of  Social  Psychology,  University  of  Barcelona,  Spain.  

Johnson,  Corey  Abducting  Masculinity:  Drag  Kings  as  Performative  Leisure  

In  recent  years,  media  attention  to  drag  performers  has  increased  dramatically  (Barnett  &  Johnson,  2013a,  Barnett  &  Johnson,  2013b,  Schact  &  Underwood,  2004;  Vidal-­‐Ortiz,  2008;  Zervigon,  2009),  transforming  the  once-­‐hidden  leisure  activity  of  gay  men  and  lesbians  into   a   publicly   recognized   phenomenon.   However,   media   representations   often   depicted   the   suffering   and   murdering   of   drag  performers   (and   transgender  people  more  broadly)   and   their   loved  ones   (Vidal-­‐Ortiz),   or  were   created  by   especially   outrageous  or  privileged   social   actors   whose   lives   are   carefully   (re)constructed   and   edited   to   create   marketable   images   for   mass   entertainment.    Many  of  these  contemporary  mediated  representations  of  drag  performers  (mostly  drag  queens)  have  fallen  short,  however,  in  offering  reflective   illustrations   of   the   everyday   lived   experiences   of   people   with   non-­‐normative   gender   expressions.   In   response,   we   find  ourselves  studying  the  genderqueer  life  experiences  of  serious  drag  queens  and  kings  across  North  America  to  illuminate  the  variety  of  experiences  that  shape  their  lives  on  and  off  the  drag  stage.  In  this  presentation,  we  highlight  the  stories  of  our  6  drag  kings  (women  who  perform  as  men)  to  demonstrate  how  they  both  undermine  and/or  reaffirm  dichotomous  notions  of  gender  (Butler,  1990,  1993)  within   the   specific   realms   of   politics   and   queer   space,   illustrating   how   gender   presentation   functions  within   and   against   a   broader  cultural  project.  Our  analysis  draws  connections  between  participants’   lives  and   their  performance  of  masculinity   to   illuminate  how  drag  functions  as  a  permissive  abduction  of  power  from  men,  by  women  in  social-­‐political-­‐capitalist  contexts.    Scientific  Oral  

University  of  Georgia,  United-­‐States  

Karim,  Rehnuma  

Learning  to  Live:  A  Qualitative  Inquiry  on  Leisure  Experiences  by  the  Female  Victims  of  Acid  Attack  in  Bangladesh  

The  ethnographic  study  potrays  the  significance  of  leisure  in  the  lives  of  the  acid  attack  survivors  in  Bangladesh.  The  study  emanated  from   a   series   of   face-­‐to-­‐face   interviews   and   prolonged   contact  with   13   youth   female   survivors.   Although   the   issue   of   ciolence   and  oppresion  of  women  has  been  observed  across  all  cultures,  the  severity  of  the  problem  is  higher  in  developing  countries  where  gender  inequality  is  far  broader  than  in  developed  nations.  Among  various  types  of  abuse  and  violent  acts  against  them,  the  heinous  act  of  acid  attack  has  become  another  means  to  take  away  the  freedom  of  living  a  normal  life  among  many  girls  and  young  women.  Although  acid  attacked   victims   suffered   from   the   pain   of   disfigurement,   social   discriminations   and   from   a   perception   of   loss   of   self-­‐control   and  competence,  they  also  learned  to  find  ways  to  bring  back  some  normalcy  in  their  lives.  In  this  context,  the  study  found  leisure  to  play  a  significant  role  in  the  lives  of  the  survivors  to  provide  them  with  a  sense  of  normalcy  and  a  sense  of  connection.    This   is   the   first   of   its   kind   study   that   investigated   the   different   types   of   leisure   involvement   among   the   survivors   and   tried   to  understand  the  emotions  and  motivations  behind  their  participation   in   leisure  amidst   the  cultural  backdrops  of  Bangladesh.  Overall,  the  study  opens  up  new  doors  to  understand  how  involvement  in  leisure    can  bring  a  sense  of  normalcy  to  the  lives  of  the  survivors  after  the  tragic  event  and  thus  help  them  to  find  meaning  in  life.  Scientific  Oral  

State  University  of  New  York,  College  at  Brockport,  United-­‐States  

  100  

Richmond,  Laurel;  Berbary,  Lisbeth  

Queer  Reads:  When  Children’s  Literature  does  Gender  “Differently”  

Reading   as   a   recreational   activity   is   used   to   transmit   important   cultural  messages   about   gendered   subjectivity.   Unfortunately,   like  much  leisure,  reading  time  is  often  approached  uncritically  and  seen  as  an  innocuous  activity.      However,  the  messages  relayed  through  reading   often   reinforce   dominant   discourse   and   expectations   of   cultural   appropriateness.     This   appropriateness   often   ends   up  reinforcing  highly  prescribed  gendered  subjectivity  (Tsao,  2008)  and  identity  cues  related  to  dominant  performances  of  gender.    This  then  limits  children’s  sense  of  possible  gender  performance  options  to  the  “tellings”  of  appropriateness  that  they  are  offered  through  literature  and  ignores  the  “not  tellings”  or  queering  of  alternative  social  performances  of  gender.  In  order  to  explore  how  leisure  may  contribute  to  the  metanarrative  of  “the  universal”  man  and  woman  or  how  it  might  serve  to  open  space  for  “doing    gender    differently,”    we    use    queer    theory    and    content    analysis    to    deconstruct    the  seemingly  ordinary  and  innocent  activity  of  reading.  We  selected  the  popular   children’s   book,   The   Daring   Book   for   Girls   (Buchanan   &   Peskowitz,   2007)   and   analyzed   the   text   for   dominant   discourses  around   class,   gender,   race,   and   sexuality   in   order   to   show  how   the   interplay   of   dominant   expectations   can   be   re/produced   and/or  challenged  through  children’s  leisure  activities.  We  use  this  content  analysis  as  an  example  of    how    leisure  providers  should  consider  the   books     they   include   in     children’s   libraries   and   advocate   for   the   inclusion   of   literature   that   makes   room   for   “doing   gender  differently.”  Scientific  Oral  

California  State  University  Long  Beach,  United-­‐States;  University  of  Waterloo,  Canada.  

Richmond,  Laurel;  Oakleaf,  Linda  

Gender  in  public  recreation  space:  conceptualizations  of  safety  and  identity  for  people  who  are  transgender.    

Leisure  scholars  have  only  recently  begun  to  study  how  gender   impacts   leisure  experiences  (e.g.  Browne  &  Bakshi,  2011,  Grossman,  O’Connell,  &  D’Augelli,  2010,  and  Lewis  &  Johnson,  2011).    This  presentation  seeks  to  expand  on  an  overarching  theme  that  emerged  from  our  study  of  people  who  are  transgender  and  their  use  of  public  recreation  spaces.    The  data  analysis  from  the  semi-­‐structured  interviews  resulted  in  three  major  themes:  negotiating  risk,  negotiating  changes,  and  self-­‐expression  through  leisure.  These  themes  do  not  exist  independently;  running  throughout  them  was  the  concept  that  while  someone  who  is  transgender  may  state  they  feel  safe  in  public   recreation   space,   the   actions   they   described   were   in   contradiction   to   their   statements.     This   presentation   focuses   on   the  contradiction   found  and  troubles   the   ideas  of  safety  within  public  recreation  space   for   those   identify  as   transgender.    We  know  that  participation  in  leisure  activities  helps  to  reinforce  and  maintain  one’s  gender  (Wearing,  1998),  yet  to  what  extent?  Gender  and  queer  theory  help  us  understand   that   expressed  gender   is   real   and  embodied  but   at   the   same   time   that   gender   is   a   social   construct.   So   if  gender  is  socially  constructed  and  real  at  the  same  time,  how  do  people  who  are  transgender  manage  and  maintain  their  own  gender  identity?  And  what  role  does  public  recreation  space  play  in  their  identity  development?  These  constructs  help  us  understand  how  park  space   is   used   and   how   it   is   constantly   negotiated   and  managed   by   participants   in   order   to   feel   safe   and   to   develop   their   gendered  identities.      Scientific  Oral  

California  State  University  Long  Beach,  Benedict  College,  United-­‐States