NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS .

A G L O S S A R Y

OF WORD S U S E D IN

TH E COU NTY OF ’ NOR TH U M BE R LAND

AN D ON

T H E TYN E S I D E .

B Y R E ' O L I V E R H E S L O P .

VOLU M E I .

BY KE GAN PAU L , TRENCH , T R U BN E R QO . , CHAR ING C'

ROS§ ROAD .

CON T E N T S .

I NTRODUCT ION pace

Nor thumber land

Adjacen t D ialect s x i i i .

T he Dales and the Shi re

T he Speech

The N or thumber land Bu r r

The G lossa r y xxv .

Notes

T H E GLOS S AR Y , A t o F 1 to 309

NOR T H U M B E R LAN D .

T H E d ist r ict r ep r esen ted in th i s g lossar y includes the p r esen t

coun ty of N or thumber land and tha t po r t ion of the coun ty of

Dur ham lying on the r ight bank of the r iver Tyne fr om Wylam

to Ja r r ow . Scot land is fr equen tly r ega r ded as a coun t r y lying

en ti r ely to the nor th of Eng land . I t may be well , ther efo r e , t o

co r r ect th i s imp r ession by sta t ing tha t Ber wicksh i r e and

Roxbu r ghsh i r e l ie on the weste r n confines , whi le some of the

souther n coun t ies of Scotland l ie , not t o the nor th , bu t to the

west of No r thumber land .

Th is nor ther nmost Engl ish coun ty i s t r i angular in for m ,

mea su r ing about for ty-five m i les acr oss the ba se , by about s ixty

m iles fr om the bottom to the top . G r ea t upland moo r s connect

the lofty eleva t ion of the Chev iot H il ls wi th the outl ier s of the

Penn in e Range , and fo r m the wester n fr on t ier of the coun t )and, fr om the head of South Tyne , the southe r n boundar y is

car r ied on a t r act of lofty moo r lands , a long the high lands of

Allenheads , Blanch land M oor , and H edley , and on towa rds

W ylam . Except in the va lleys , the wester n and souther n

por t ion s of th i s d i st r ict a r e w i ld and desola te ; and they for m

an effect i ve di v is ion on the landwa r d side . T he shor t st r etch

a long the r iver Tweed fr om Ca r ham to the sea , and the equa l ly

sho r t str etch of the r i ver Tyne , whe r e it becomes the souther n

bounda r y of N o r thumber land , fo r m the on ly open fr on t ier s on

the nor th and south r espect i vely . H er e the g r ea t name of H e

kingdom of Nor thumber land , the . home of those Angles who

wer e set t led on the nor th side of the r iver H umber , has su r v ived .

(Note

In the t r ad i tion p r eser ved by N enn iu s , the Nor ther n Anglian

settlemen t s or igina ted soon after the t ime of the a r r iva l of

v i i i . INTRODUCT ION .

H engi st in Ken t . (Note I t is clear that the Angl ian settle

men t of Nor thumb r ia had so fa r ad vanced that in A.D . 547 Ida

began to r eign , “ fr om whom ar ose the r oyal r ace ofNor thumbr ia .

(Note Accor d ing to N enn ius , he was the fi r st king in

Ber n icia andin Ca i r E br au c (Yor k ) (Note Bu t the Angles

nor th of the H umber and south of the Tees wer e called by the

B r i ton s Deu r,whi lst the same people nor th of the Tees wer e

known as Ber neich . T he sect ion s of th is dual kingdom wer e ,however , so near akin as t o possess

,pr obably , a common

language , and also , fr om t ime to t ime , to be subj ect to the

gover nmen t of a common'

head. (Note

T he names of two r ema r kable men ar e a t tached to Ber n icia ,

those of Sain t Cuthbe r t andof the Vener able Bmda . Bu t ver y

l ittle r emain s of the li teratu r e of th i s per iod . (Note Tha t

much ver nacular l i te r a tur e ex isted seems eviden t fr om what one

of his schola r s tel ls us , tha t Ba da was lea r ned in ou r poet r y .

(Note T he Dan ish in vasion s dur ing the la st yea r s of the

eighth and th r oughout the n in th centu r y had an impor tan t

efiect upon the Engl ish settlemen t s in Deira . The at tacks upon

Ber n icia wer e not less ruth less ; bu t they wer e confined ch iefly

to pi r a tica l descen t s on the coast s or to for ays car r ied out on a

va st sca le , the Tyne being made u se of for w in te r qua r ter s and

as a por t to r efit . Dei r a was conquer ed , divided , and

per manen tly settled by the Dane . T he Tyne , however , was

the l im i t beyond wh ich th i s complete conquest did not extend .

M oder n Nor thumber land was left in a g r ea t mea su r e in the

hands of i ts Anglian inhabi tan t s , who wer e perm i t ted to l ive

under r uler s of thei r own r ace , in subor d inat ion to the Dan i sh

kings . (Note A succession of Engl ish r uler s thus ma in tained ,in the i r capi ta l at Bambu r gh

, the in tegr i ty ofBer n icia th r oughout

the ten th cen tur y , and even tual ly passed in to the l ine of the

Ea r ls of N o r thumber land .

T he old Nor thumb r ian d ialect , the language of the nor thern

Eng l ish people fr om Doncaster to Aber deen , was, by theseeven t s , subjected to i r fluences wh ich had, as early as the n in th

T H E D I S TR I CT . ix .

and ten th cen tur ies , already begun to affect its inflectional

char acter . Th is gave a unifor m i ty to the wr i t ten language

of nor ther n England . But the va r iety of these influences

would , wi thout doubt , at a ver y ea r ly per iod , begin to a ffect the

manner of speech in each di st r ict and give permanence to the

cha r acter ist ic dia lect of each loca l i ty . Thus Dei r a , w i th its

colon ies of No r thmen ,may hencefor th be said to be separ a ted

fr om Ber n icia by the power ful solven t of a r acia l d iffer ence in

the two peoples .

T he evidence of place -names affor ds impor tan t confi rma tion

of the exten t and na tu r e of the Dan ish set tlemen t s . In the

pa r t of Ber n icia no r th of the Tyne , the term inat ion s -ham and

J on a r e ever ywher e consp icuous , wh i le the ter m inal -by does

not occu r . T he str eams a r e bums,andnowher e becks . T he

p r onuncia t ion of the is a lways full , and is never clipped, as in

the t’

, or mor e Dan i sh d ia lect s . (Note T he con t r a st in th is

r espect wi th the souther n pa r t of the coun ty of Dur ham

(Note bu t mo r e especial ly with East Yor kshi r e , is a ve r y

mar ked one ; for , ther e , -by and -beck a r e ever ywher e prevalen t ,wh i lst in speech a shor t t’ is used for the.

A fur ther sever ance was yet t o take p lace on the no r thern

bo r der . After the di sa st r ous ba t tle of Ca r ham ,in 101 8

,

Loth ian , h ither to a pa r t of Ber n icia , became a t tached to the

Scott i sh kingdom . F r om thi s per iod the Tweed became the

r ecogn i sed l im i t between the eas ter n ma r ches of England and

Scotland . (Note Fol low ing th i s poli t ica l change , the

language of the Engli sh people beyon d the Tweed even tually

became , in its fu r the r developmen t , tha t of the Cour t , of

educa t ion , and of the na t iona l l iter a tu r e of Scotland .

The Nor man Conquest appear s to have affected N orthumber

land li t tle or no mor e than the Dan ish conquest s had done .

T he Conquer or h imself was bu t once w i th in the coun ty no r th

of the Tyne , in going to and in r etu r ning fr om his Scot t i sh

expedi tion in 1072 . (Note H e r eser ved to h imself the

appoin tmen t of the Ear l s ; but , beyond thi s , did not in ter fer e

X .INTRODU CT ION .

wi th the in ter nal adm in istr a t ion of Nor thumber land . Of these

Ea r l s , who pu r chased the ir appo in tmen t , Gospatr ic a l r eady

possessed her ed i tar y cla im . W a ltheof, aga in , was son of Ear l

S iwar d , andhei r by his mother’ s side to the Ea r ldom . On the

dea th of W a l theof, Wa lcher , of Lo r r a ine , the fi r st B ishop

appoin ted by W i l l iam to the see of Du r ham ,was made Ea r l in

1075 . In 1080 ,d isputes ha v ing a r i sen in the cou r se of his

adm in i st r at ion ,dur ing a meet ing held at Gateshead the men of

Nor thumber land su r r ounded the chur ch wher e the B ishop had

met the popular leader s . To the p r over b ,

“ Shor t r ede good

r ede (sho r t counsel i s good coun sel) , ther e was added an

om inous menace . T he cr y was r a i sed , Sho r t r ede good r ede ,slay ye the B i shop and, a fte r many of his offi cia ls wer e ki l led,the Bi shop h imself was slain . (Note

W alcher’

s mu r der led to r eta l ia t ion ; and an expedi t ion in

for ce was conducted by Rober t , ca l led Cu r those , the King’ s son .

I ts ma in r esul t was the found ing of the N ew Ca stle , upon the

no r th bank of the Tyne ,near the si te of wha t hadh i ther to been

the obscu r e place ca l led M onkchester . Albr iu s appea r s to ha ve

been appoin ted Ea r l afte r W a lcher ; bu t soon wi thd r ew , and

was succeeded by Rober t de M owbr ay . Du r ing his admin is

tr a tion of Nor thumber land the Domesday sur vey was compi led .

Bu t the county o f Nor thumbe r land finds no p lace in tha t

su r vey ; for it wa s a fief w i thout the r ea lm of England . Tha t

sur vey was under taken for financia l pu r poses, and ther efo r e it

could not be expected to extend to a d i st r ict in wh ich the C r own

hadno financia l in ter est . T he Ear ldom of Ca r l isle or Cumber

land was in th is r espect p r ecisely sim i lar ly si tua ted , and these

two Ear ldoms , w i th the Bi shop r ic of Du r ham , included the

en ti r e ter r i tor y wh ich is om i tted in tha t su r vey . (Note

T he r ea lm of England p r oper , at tha t t ime , ter m ina ted at the

wapen take of Sadber ge on the Tees ; which was st i ll coun ted

w ith in the te r r i to r y of the Ear l of No r thumber land .

T he r ebell ion anddefeat of Rober t de M owb r ay , in 1095 , was

followed by the annex a t ion of Nor thumbe r land to the C r own Of

T H E D ISTR I CT . x i .

England, and the appoin tmen t Of a sher i ff in p lace of the Ea r l .

(Note W i th in the Ea r ldom , the P a la t ina te of Dur ham

hadbeen a p r iv ileged , andwa s now a r apid ly g r owing , power .

T he choi r of its g r ea t ca thed r a l chu r ch had been bui lt byW il li am de Sain t Car i lef. H is successo r , Ra lph Flambar d ,con t inued the gr ea t wo r k . (Note In 1 1 2 1 , F lambar d bui l t

the Ca st le of No r ham -upon -Tweed , on the no r ther n fr on t ier o f

Nor thumber land,and w i th in the ep iscopa l j u r isd iction of

N or hamshi r e .

T he yea r 1 1 39 wi tnessed the r ev iva l of the Nor thumber land

Ea r ldom in the pe r son of H en r y , son of Da v id,Ki ng of Scot land .

H en r y’

s mothe r wa s the daugh te r of Ea r l W a ltheof andg r and

daughte r of S iwa r d the Ea r l . Bu t th i s her edi tar y cla im n ould

of i t self have been in sufficien t to obtain so impo r tan t a n

appoin tmen t . Stephen ’ s own r ea son s of state ledhim t o accept

the a r r angemen t . In the Ear ldom thus r econsti tuted , howev er ,except ion was made of the Pa la t in ate of Du r ham . (Note

H er e , then , we may p r act ica l ly da te the sepa r a t ion of Du r ham

fr om No r thumber land . Nor thumbe r land a t th i s t ime had,

on its wester n bounds , the fr an ch ises of R eedsda le , No r th

andSouth Tyneda le , andH e xhamsh i r e ; and a ll these sepa r a te

ju r isd ict ions r ema ined long apa r t fr om N o r thumber land i t self.

T he Ear ldom , i n thi s last r etur n to the Gover nmen t of i ts

he r ed ita r y ch iefs , was thus enclosed by the Pa la t ina te on the

south,the ep iscopa l ter r i to r y of Islandshi r e and N or hamshi r e

on the n or th , and the fi anchises above-men t ioned on the

west .

T he accession to the th r one of Englan d of H enr y I I . was

followed by his seizu r e of Nor thumber land in 1 1 57 . Th i s act

p r ovoked the r ea sser t ion of thei r her ed ita r y cla im by successi ve

Scot t i sh kings ; who , fr om th i s t ime , began the ser ies of in va sions

tha t so devasted the coun t r y . Pudsey , Bi shop of Dur ham ,

Obta in ed the Ea r ldom ,in 1 190, by pu r chase fr om King Richar d .

Bu t , e ven tua l ly,No r thumber land was , in 1 242 , i nd issolub ly

confi rmed to the C r own of England .

INTROD UCT ION .

T he hi stor y may well be summa r ized in the language of the

able wr i ter of the in t r oduct ion to the h istor y of the coun ty .

Up to the cl ose of the r eign of H en r y I I I . , Nor thumber land

st il l had a sor t of na t iona l i ty of its own ,not comp letely absor bed

in the sover eign ty of England . For a consider ab le por t ion of

the per iod , indeed , i t was in the hands Of Scotti sh p r inces , nor

didthe kings of Scot land abandon thei r claim t i ll its ver y close.

In the r eign of John ,andeven in tha t of hi s successor , i t was

yet doub tful whether Nor thumber land would,ul t ima tely be

at tached to the souther n or no r ther n ' mona r chy in B r i ta in .

(Note F r om the r eign of H enr y I I I . i t was hencefo rwa r d“as much an in tegr al po r t ion of England as Sur r ey or M iddlesex ,

bound by a common in ter est , and influenced by the same

feelings which p r eva iled th r oughout the r ealm . (Note

T he condi t ions , wh ich gave ind ividua l i ty to the land fr om

Tyne to Tweed , we r e thus con t inued down t o a pe r iod when

the language had a r r ived at an ad vanced stage of developmen t .

In the examples of nor ther n l i ter a tu r e of the la t ter endof the

th i r teen th andthe ear ly par t of the fou r teen th cen tu r ies it appear s

l i t tle r emoved fr om the loca l d ia lect of the p r esen t day. So

much i s thi s the case , tha t the Cur sor M andi and The P r iehe

of Conscience p r esen t few or no d iffi cult ies to the Nor thumb r ian

r eader . (Note

To the fact , tha t the antonomy of Nor thumber land was

main ta ined th r oughout so long and so momen tous a per iod , we

may fu r ther ascr ibe the p r eser va t ion of an a r chaic cha r acter in

its d ia lect , as a spoken tongue . By outside people , a lmost

wi thout except ion , th is is r ega r ded as singula r ly bar bar ous .

I t is , however , bar bar ous on ly inasmuch as i t sounds st r ange to

the bear er . I t s r ea l char acter i s seen in the a lmost passiona ter egar d in which it i s held by its people and the histor y , thus

r apidly r eviewed , suggests tha t ou r moder n N or thumber land

includes wi th in it ter r i tor y , wher e , probably , the “ Inglis of theN or th in lede has been lea st affected , in its vocalization , byoutside infl uences .

ADJACENT D IALECTS . xi ii .

ADJACENT D IALECTS .

Included wi th in the limi t of the bur r , a character ist ic of

N or thumber land speech , is the nor ther n po r t ion of the coun ty of

Dur ham ,w i th in a l ine , d r awn fr om the r iver Der wen t , nea r

Shot ley , to the Tyne at Jar r ow Slake , andextend ing southwar d ,a lmost to the val ley of the Wear . I t is a di st r ict wher e the

coa l deposits ,wr ought exten s ively du r ing the ear ly developmen t

of tha t indust r y , a t t r acted the set tlemen t of those colon ies of

p itmen , p r esen tly to be r efer r ed to . But between th i s andthe

d ialect out side of the l ine a ma r ked d iffer ence i s per ceptible.

The folk-speech of Tynemou th and the estua r y of the Tyne ,wh ich r esemb les that of the Dur ham coa st , is r ap idly losing i ts

former char acter ist ics . Bu t South Sh ields yet main ta in s its

own d ialect sound in a mor e p r im i t ive for m . In th is po r t ion of

the coun ty of Dur ham the l ine of dema rcat ion between the

d iffer en t dia lect s coincides in a somewha t r ema r kable manner

wi th the pr om inen t featu r es of the P er m ian for mat ion . Bu t in

th is d ist r ict the ear l ier ava ilable coa l deposi t s have pr obably

mor e to do wi th the set tlemen t of a populat ion than have the

natu r a l fea tu r es of the coun t ry.

Among neighbour ing d ia lects , tha t of Lower Wea r dale

r ema ins sim i lar to tha t of Nor thumber land . Both in th is

fea tu r e , as wel l as in its place-names , i t affor ds a st r iking

con t r a st to the uppe r pa r t of the same da le beyond Stanhope ,to Teesdale , and t o the dist r ict east ofWolsingham . (Note

T he dia lect of Nor th Cumber land has close affin i ty w i th tha t of

N or thumber land ; bu t , in its voca l izat ion , its l ight tongue-t rill

and its va r ied cadence p r oduce a qu ite d iffer en t effect upon the

ea r . In the upper va l leys of the A llen and the South Tyne ,

beyond the l imi t of the bu r r , the effect of the Cumbr ian

influence is obser vable . H er e , possibly , the in t r oduct ion of

lead miner s fr om adjacen t di st r ict s has lar gely influenced the

speech .

iv . INTRODUCT ION .

T ev iotdale , in i ts dialect , closely r esembles , in many r espect s ,

the neighbou r i ng folk- speech of No r th No r thumber land. (N ote

In fact , the Nor thumber land and Du r ham d i a lect s d i ffer

so l i t tle fr om tha t of T ev iotdale , tha t P r ince Lucien B on apa r te ,

in his H ints on the Classification of the E ng lish D ialects,

makes them one w ith it , under a head ing of the “ Scotch in

England ,”

as d ist ingu ished fr om the t r ue No r th Engli sh of

W ea r da le , W estmor eland , and Yor ksh i r e . (Note In th i s

connect ion ,it is in ter est ing to note an e x tens ion of the ar ea of

No r thumber land made by the captur e of Roxbu r gh in 1 346 ,

and its con t inued occupa tion by the Engli sh un t il 1460, du r ing

the long pe r iod of a hund r ed and fou r teen yea r s . Th i s per iod

was memor able in many ways . I t included the t ime wh ich saw

the b r i l lian t car eer of H otspu r . I t a lso embr aced tha t , when

Ear l Dou gla s , in 1 380, led on,aga in st H otspu r , “ ful l twen ty

hund r ed Scott ish spear es , to the ba t tle of O t ter bu r n o r Chevy

ChaseAl l men of pleasan t T eviotda leFast by the r ive r Tweed.

T he per iod emb r aced by the Engl i sh occupancy o f Ro xbu r gh

is other wise memor able , as ca r r ying us fr om the t ime ofW ykl iffe

to the t ime of W i lliam Caxton .

T H E DALES AND T H E SH IRE .

Of the fr anch i ses of R eedsda le andT yneda le befo r e-men t ioned ,some not ice may her e be gi ven . The r e is many da les , sa id

G r ay , in 1 649 , the ch ief a r e T ineda le and R eedsda le , a

cou ntr ey tha t W il liam the Conqu er ou r didnot subdue , r eta in ing

to th i s day the ancien t laws and cus toms (accor ding to the

coun ty of Ken t) , whe r eby the lands of the fa ther i s equa lly

d iv ided a t h is dea th amongst a ll his sonnes . (Note 24 T he

Ch ief Lo r d was in possession of a l l ta x es and ci v il j u r isd iction ,

both her e and i n H e xham sh i r e ; a nd the King o f England ’s

wr its did not r u n wi thi n the ir pa le . (Note I t was not

T H E DALE S AN D T H E SH IRE . XV .

un t i l the yea r 1496 tha t Nor th and South T yneda le , andwi th

them R eedsda le (Note we r e made gi ldab le andpa r cel of the

coun ty of Nor thumber land . (N ote T he cha r acter of the

popula tion s of these va l leys was a t t r ibuted,in pa r t at lea st , t o

the long per iod of wa r far e wh ich had e x i sted on the Bor der

Gud honast men and t r ue sauyng a l i t t le shiftyng for the i r

l i v ing . God and ou r L eddie help them , s i l ie pu r e men !

(Note In the M uste r s of N o r thumber land , in 1 5 38 , the

l ight -hor semen of R eedsda le a r e ver y nume r ous ; and a r e

descr ibed as ab le men wi th ho r se and har nes and a ll sper es ;

bes ides a ll the foo t theu es . T he muster of the neighbou r ing

da le is a lso b lun t ly headed,

N or the T yndell theiffs”

; a ll of

whom a r e descr ibed as“able w ith hor s and ha r nes .

(Note

T he liber ty of H exhamsh i r e , belong ing to the A r chb ishop of

Yo r k , hadbecome l i t t le less n otor ious when it was made par cel

of the coun ty of Nor thumber land , in the 14th E lizabeth , A .D .

1 572 . B u t , even at th i s la te da te , the da les and moor s of the

west coun t r y wer e a t tached to N o r thumber land in n ame r a ther

than in r ea l i ty ; and thei r tu r bu len t inhab i tan t s became the

object s of sever e legi slat i ve r ep r ession . In 1 550 (N ote S i r

Rober t Bowes , in h is r epo r t on the sta te of the Bor der s ,r ecommended the t r an spor ta t ion of the super fluous popula t ion

to places too fa r di stan t fo r thei r r ela t ion s and coun t r ymen to

r esor t to . (Note Tha t such an exodus shor t ly after war ds

took place is ev iden t for the Redesda le Begga r , in tha t cen tu r y ,descr ibes how he ever ywher e met w i th those of ou r cun tr ith

bor ne , even in the fa r south wher e he then was . (Note

A ci r cumstance wh ich specia l ly bea r s upon th is subject is the

fact tha t those who now wen t for th fr om T yn eda le and Redes

dale ,to seek thei r

“

for tune on the lower Tyneside , wer e held in

a ve r sion ; a ndwer e den ied admi t tance t o the cr afts and fellow

sh ips of the t own s . On the 1 4th No vember , 1 5 54 , the M e r chan t

Ad ven tu r er’

s Company of Newcast le passed an Act p r eclud ing

any b r other fr om tak ing an app r en t ice of such as is or sha l l

xvi . INTROD UCT ION .

be bor ne or br ought up in Tynda ll , R yddisda l l or anye other

suche lycke places . (Note T he Act con tinued in for ce

un t il 1 676 ; when i t was modified ,“ in r egar d those pa r t s a r e

mo r e civil ized than former ly .”

T he men of T yneda le wer e , all

al ike , included under the st igma of their di st r ict . On Sunday

la st,w r ites the Deputy-keeper of T yneda le , in 1 559 ,

“ I appr e

hended two notable th ieves , being gen tlemen ca l led Fenw icks ,

and ha ve sen t them to the gaol of Newca stle .

”

(Note

Yea r by yea r , her eafter ,“ ther e is many of them brought in of

them in to the goa le of Newca stle , and at the Assizes ar e

condemned andhanged . (Note

T he r ap id sp r ead of the u se of coal in the time of Queen

E lizabeth called for th a demand for wor ker s to hew and to

ca r r y i t. (Note G r ea t number s of the for mer l ight hor se

men wer e d r iven by the st r ess of ci r cumstances tofind in th is

occupa t ion a less p r ecar ious , bu t not less haza r dous , employmen t .

At a la ter da te , they a r e descr ibed as“ Scot tish men and

Bor der er s that came out of T ynedale and R iddesda le .

(Note To these da lesmen we owe the st r ong clan sh ip of

the colon ies of p i tmen and keelmen sca t ter ed a long Tyneside

and th r oughout the coll ier y d ist r ict s ; wher e the d ia lect of

Nor thumber land has been p r eser ved wi th a vigour peculia r to

these loca li ties . I t is in th is connect ion tha t the min ing terms ,used in the pit di st r ict s , r eta in many wo r ds of impor tance t o the

d ia lect . They o r igina te in the common speech of the wor kmen

anda r e hence included in thi s vocabulary .

THE SPEECH .

Wi thin the a r ea wher e the guttu r a l 7 , or N o r thumberland

bu r r , pr evai ls ther e ar e fou r dist r ict s , each wi th var ia t ion s inthe manner of speech . They ar e N ORTH NORTH UMBERLAN D

,

SOUTH NORTH UMBERLAND , TYNES IDE , andWE S T-TYN E , andar e

shown on the sketch map by the let ter s N S T . , and W .-T .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

x v ii i . i NT R OD U CT ION .

d r opped these wor ds a r e hea r d as had, fad, caad. O r they a r e

spoken wi th the l , as hould, fauld, could. I t is a lso om i t ted or not ,

at wi ll , in waa (l) (wa l l) , smaa (l) (sma ll) , &c.

R is hea r d in the str ong guttu r a l form , ca lled the bur r , or bar ,of wh ich a special notice w il l be g iven pr esen tly .

S appear s as a wor n down for m of sha l l in such expr ession s

as Aa’

s be wi’

ye syun”

( I shal l be w i th you soon ) . In the

for m aa’

s i t stands for am Aa’s aal r eet ( I am all r ight) .

S is used for sh in ass (a shes) , buss (bush ) .

T H , in the, is never shor tened to a mer e t’

. I t is spoken

l ightly in byeth (both) , lj'

eth ( loth) , br eeth (b r ea th , b r eadth) , &c. ,

and heav i ly in the , them , thor (those) , &c. I ts a l ter na t ive u se

with cl has a lr eady been noted

Of the vowels , the most cha r acter i st ic a r e the following .

T he sho r t A , l ike the sound of a in it la mode , o r in the Ger man

salz (sa l t) . Sa lt , ma l t , faul t a r e pronounced thus , except in

VVest-Tyne.

T he same sound p r olonged p r oduces the N or thumber land (m

(or are as i t i s sometimes wr it ten ) in who (wa ll) , blaa (blow) , 5mm

(snow) , &c. ,wh ich a r e thus spoken in South Nor thumber land and

on Tyneside .

T he long ai , hear d in chai r , is hea r d th r oughout N o r thum

ber land in maister (master ) , gai r cl (guar d) , quai r t (quar t) , &c.

OW , p r onounced as the our in now, is sounded in bowld (bold ) ,r owl ( r ol l) , cowld (cold) , howld (hold) , &c.

T he Southern Engl ish p r onunciat ion of man (maen) and

S imi l iar wo r ds , is the sound her e g iven to the plu r al fo r m (men )and to pr ofi t (p r in t) , splet ( sp l it) .

T he shor t I , as in fi l or sin , is hea r d in r ich (to reach) , andfinor find (to find).

T H E S PEECH . xix .

E E , the sound in feel , is hea r d in br eest (br ea st) , a nd in a l l

par t s , except ing in Nor th N or thumber land , in the wo r ds seet

( sight) , leet (light ) , fleet (n ight) .

0 long , as in for , is sounded in for st (fi r st) , par se (pu r se) , kor l

(hu r l ) , &c. , except in pa r ts of the nor th of the coun ty .

T he U ,hear d in utter , i s in eve r y pa r t spoken in r at ( r oot ) ,

f ut (foot) , fim(d) (found) , han (d) (bound) , g r an (d) (g r ound) .

00, as in fool , is the gener al for m in spoot (spout) ,pr ood(p r oud) ,tr oot ( t r out) , doot (doubt) , &c.

T he wor ds , stone , bone , home , whole , &c. , r ep r esen t a vowel

to wh ich a r ema r kab le prolonga t ion of the sound is given in

South N or thumber land , wher e stee-yen is hear d for stone . On

Tyneside and in No r th N or thumber land th is is shor tened to

styen , whi lst in West -Tyne the sound is steen . M oon a lso is

hea r d in each of these d ist r icts r especti vely as mee-

yan , myzm,

andmeehn or meen.

T he fol low ing compar a t ive tab les w i ll show the r ange and

va r iation s of the for egoing sounds in the subdivision of the

d ialect °

S ou th Nor thumber land salt malt fa lt (fau lt)Tyneside salt ma lt falt

saat

Nor th Nor thumber land sat

sa lt

W est-Tyne soat moat foat

waa [1] (wall) blaa (blow) sh ad (snow long awaa [l] blaa snaa

blaawaa [I] { blaze a ce as in awe

W .-T . blo o as in solo.

owldand kawlda dbawld (bold) r awl ( r ol l) 12W , (cold) hadbowld

cowldand howldand

mad had

jcaad had

cowld howldjW .

-T . coad hood

XX. INTRODUCT ION .

br eest (br east) seet (sight) leet ( l ight) neet (n ight)br eest seet leet neet

br eest sight l ight n ight

W .-T . br eest sect leet neet

for st (fi r st) par se (pur se) hor l (hu r l )

for st par se hor l

fu r st pur se (hu r l

lfor st par se hor l

W .-T . par se hor l

stee-yen (stone) bee-yen (bone) hee-yein (home) hee-yel (whole)styen hyem hyel

stych kyem byel

steen heem heel

bee-ynt pee-yu l fee-ynl

(boot) (pool) (fool )byut pynl fyu l

191 elmynn bynt {$3}q {gul l

W .-T . meakh peel feehl

In the folk-speech a euphon ious effect is pr oduced by the

u se of pa r ticles wi th va r ied forms , r egula ted by the following

vowel or con sonan t . B i (by) i s used befor e a con sonan t

as ,“ B i thi s an

’

bi tha t ” (by th i s and by tha t) . Bu t

when a vowel follows , the for m becomes bi t) , or bin ; thus

B ia a ll he saa (by a ll he saw) or , I t wis deun bin a cr ood

on them (it was done by a cr owd of them ) . T he p r eposi t ion s

in common u se have these alter n at i ve for ms , of which fr e, fr ev,

fr en (fr om) , i’

, iv ( in ) , wi’

, win, win (wi th ) a r e examples . To,

i s r ep r esen ted by a fur ther fo rm , and can be spoken as ti , ti a ,

ti l andtin. T he usage is a lso app lied to some ver b s thus , di ,div (do) , he, hev (ha ve) , ga , gaa (gave) , a r e spoken at discr et ion

to sui t the euphony of the sen tence in which they occur .

Of ver bal fo r ms , the u se of aa’

s , for I am, is gen er a l . T he

ter mina t ion - ing in the pr esen t par ticiple is p r onounced in , and

in South No r thumber land een ; and the - ing , commonly hea r d inhing , r ing , br ing , &c. , is nowher e sounded in the par ticiple. T he

ter mination - in, or -een

,is somet imes p r onounced as a mer e

mod ificat ion of n ; l ike wai t/i n , for wa i t ing or i t app r oaches thesound of an ; as mahan , for making . (Note

T H E B U RR . xxL

T he pa ssi ve par t iciple in -eh is cha r acter istic of many ver bs ,beelden (bui lt) , br nngen (br ought) , cassen (cast ) , dr ucken (d r unk) ,

fanton (fought) , getten (got ) , hitten (hi t) , pntten (put) , str uchen

(st r uck) , sitten (sat) , thonten (thought) , a r e e x amp les of pa ssive

par t iciples which may be mult ipl ied gr eatly , as the for m is of

con stan t occu r r ence in the folk-speech .

In weak ver bs the p r e te r i te usually ends in -ccd, or -ect. Thus ,hur teet (hur t ) , wa iteet (wa i ted) , sor teet (so r ted) , &c.

In colloqu ia l talk the per sona l p r onoun is fr equen tly r epea ted

in a sen tence especia lly i f i t be a r ecr imina tor y one “ Ye cla r ty

young monkey , ye ,” Thoo gr ee t lout , thoo , a r e fami lia r

examples of th is .

Another tendency is tha t of placing the subject of a sen tence

at the end of a ph r a se . H e’

d getten a sa i r tumm ’

le jack

had. They ’ve come oot o ’

skyu l , the ba i r ns hez . Th ’or

myestly a’ that colour , wor coos .

T he u se of the th i r d per son of the pr onoun , when the subject

of a sen tence is a compound one , is a usual form .

“ M e an’

me

ma r r ow wis gann in ti war k .

”Bella an

’

him’

S faan oot .

T he tendency to assimi la te the form of the d ialect wi th the

cu r r en t Engli sh o f the schools is incr easing . Bu t the vocal iza

t ion r emain s and th is is obse r vable i n the char acter istic

vowel sounds , in the cadence of the speech , andespecially in the

bu r r, or bar .

THE NORTHUMBERLAND BURR .

T he letter r , in England spoken w i th a glide of the pa la te,

and in Scotlan d t r illed shar ply on the poin t of the tongue , is ,in Nor thumber land , sounded fr om the ton sils . Thi s ton sil , o r

u vular r,i s common ly known as

“ the Nor thumber land bar

and it is used , in wha teve r pa r t of a wo r d the let ter may occu r ,as an in i t ia l , media l , or final sound .

xx ii . 1NTROD UCT ION .

T he bar is said to be a sloven ly p r onunciat ion o f the let ter .

I t is a lso descr ibed as an a t tempt to comp r om ise be tween the

smooth Engli sh sound and the Scott i sh t r illed r . And, aga in ,

it is a lleged tha t the No r thumber land people el ide the r in thei r

speech on accoun t of the i r inab i li ty to p r onounce it . Bu t the

bur r i s d i fficul t to acqu i r e , and few, not bo r n a nd b r ed i n the

coun ty , lea r n to speak i t. In actua l sound i t is an exagger a ted ,r ather than a supp r essed or elided , r ; and its utter ance r equi r es

vigou r to enuncia te i t w i th its cha r acter ist ic fo r ce.

The uvula r r in va r ious pa r t s of England is an occasiona l

fam ily pecul ia r i ty . I t i s a lso hea r d in the speech of a few smal l

places on the East Coast of Scotland . Of the v i llage of Cha r l ton ,

in Leicester sh i r e , i t i s sa id : “ All tha t a r e bor n ther e in have an

har sh and r at tl ing kind of speech , ut ter ing thei r wor ds wi th

much d ifficul ty and whar l ing in the th r oat ; and cannot wel l

p r onounce the letter R . (Note In a l l these in stances

the ba r r may be sa id to be spor adic. In No r thumber land i t is

gene r al ; andnowher e else in these I slands does it e x tend o ve r

a la r ge ar ea as a cha r acter ist ic of a Spoken d ia lect .

T he uvular r , or r g r asséyé , is p r eva len t in many pa r t s of the

Con t inen t . Anyone who w ill p r onounce for cibly the P a r is ian

r in Par is, may p r oduce the No r thumber land bur r .

”

(Note

Bu t , to speak i t as the No r thumbe r land man does , it is not

sufficien t to p r oduce the sound of the letter i tself. I t s pecu lia r i ty

andd ifficulty l ie in i ts modifica t ion of the p r eced ing vowel .

In the wor ds r a in , r oa r , r ob , &c ., the in itial r is so st r ongly

utter ed as to sound like ar r , or a r r (a r r ain , a r r oa r , or r ob) . T he

med ia l r , in ea r ly , me r r y , mer cy , ver se , ver y , ter r ier , &c. ,

mod ifies the p r eced ing vowel , so tha t the er becomes ar , and

somet imes or , and the wo r ds ar e spoken ar ly , mar ry ,ni ar cy ,

var se,

car ry , tar r ier , &c. So , also , the fina l er,in mother , b r other , Si ste r ,

father , &c. , has the same or andar sound .

Aga in , the i r anda r in the fol lowing wor ds become or . B ir d ,si r , fi r st , shi r t , fi r -t r ee , &c. , ar e sounded bard, sor

, for st, short ,

T H E B U RR . xxfiL

for -tree ; and pur se , tu r n , bur n , cu r se , hur r y , &c. , ar e par se, tor n ,bor n, cor se, har ry. These r ules a r e appl ied to a ll wo r ds in wh ich

the vowels a r e sounded as in the examples gi ven .

The l ine which encloses the bur r extends along the ea s ter nseaboa r d ;

‘

but does not follow the coun ty bounda r y on its

landwa r d s ide .“ T he Nor ther n l im it s of the bnr r a r e ver y

sha r p ly defined , ther e being no t r an si tional sound between i t

and the Scotch r . F r om Ca r ham ea stwa rds,the bounda r y

fol lows the Tweed , wh ich it leaves , however , to include the

town and l iber t ies of Ber wick, wh ich in th i s , as in otherr espect s , now adher es to the Souther n in p r efer ence to its own

side of the Tweed . Along the l ine of the Cheviots , the Scotch

r has d r i ven the bnr r a few m i les back , per haps because many

of the fa rmer s andShepher ds ar e of Scot t ish o r igin . (Note

T he lim i t is con t inued southwa r d by Alwin ton , to Bi r ness in

R eedsda le, thence t o the neighbou r hood of Fa lstone in Nor th

Tyneda le. As the Bor der i s appr oached fr om any of these

poin t s the Scotch t r ill becomes mor e appar en t . F r om Fa lstone ,acr oss the moor s , the boun da r y goes on to the South Tyne .

wh ich it cr osses at a poin t about two m iles west of Ba r don

M i ll . I t then tu r ns south ea stwar d , pa ssing nor th of A l lendale

Town andcr oss ing the r i ver A llen . F r om the la t ter r iver the

l ine t r ends eastwa r d , acr oss H exhamshi r e , to the moor s

immediately no r th of B lanch land . Thence it follows the l ine

of the r iver Der wen t to the neighbou r hood of Shot ley B r idge ,wher e it passes the r iver and en ter s the coun ty of Du r ham .

In”

th is d ist r ict of i r onwor ks and collier ies a m ixed and

fluctua t ing popula tion is met wi th . C r ossing the h igh land byPon top , the line is con t inued down in to the upper va lley of the

r iver Team ; passing thence to the south of B i r tley i t a voids

the valley of the Wea r and st r ikes no r th -ea st t i ll , in a few

m i les , i t r eaches the Tyne at Ja r row S lake .

Ther e is no evidence of any extension of th is bounda r y l ine

ha v ing taken place in r ecen t t imes . On the con t r ary it appear s

INTRODU CT ION .

to have been d r iven in on the west and south -west a nd effor t

is made , in the la r ge t own s especia l ly, to over come the tendency

to bnr r .

I t is a common suppos ition tha t th i s pecul ia r i ty of Speech

has come down fr om r emote t imes . (Note B u t P r ofessor

Tr autmann’ s in vest iga t ion s Show tha t , as in Anglo-Sa x on

gener al ly , so in O ld No r thumb r ian , the supposi t ion must be

r ejected . (Note T he O ld Nor thumb r ian r was spoken

with the t ongue ; and, even in la ter per iods of the No r thumb r ian

d ia lect , the bur r cannot be r ega r ded as ex ist ing . P r ofesso r

Tr autmann in fer s that the bnr r in No r thumbe r land is of com

par atively r ecen t or ig in ; and i s confi rmed in th i s v iew by the

fact , established by his r esea r ches , of the r ecen tness and r ap id

sp r ead of the bu r r i n F r ance and Germany . O r igin at ing in

F r ance no ea r l ier than the m idd le of the seven teenth cen tur y ,the bnr r has been t r aced in its p r ogr ess , fr om tha t t ime , th r ough

Germany . I t has passed to Denma r k,wh ich it now dom ina tes

absolutely. I t has a lso sp r ead in Belgium , and has r eached

as fa r as Nor way in one d i r ection, andhas a ffected Swi tzer lan d

in the other . (Note

T he wor k of P r ofesso r T r autmann ca lled fo r th an impo r tan t

commun ica t ion fr om D r . J . A . H . M ur r ay,i n wh ich r efer ence is

made to a t r adi t ion former ly cu r r en t in No r thumber land . T he

t r adit ion is tha t the No r thumber landbnr r began as a per son a l

defect of the celeb r a ted H otspur, was im i ta ted by h is

compan ions , and by the Ear ldom as a whole . (Note

Shaksper e’

s descr ipt ion of H otspur is h igh ly suggest ive . H is

honour

S tuck u pon him as the sun

In the g r ey vau lt of heaven andby h is l ight ,D ida l l the ch ival r y of EnglandmoveT o do b r ave acts ; he was i ndeed the g lass

W her e in the noble you th diddr ess themsel ves,

H e hadno legs , that pr actis’

dnot h is gai t

And speaking th ick , wh ich natu r e made h is b lemish ,

Became the accen ts of the val iant ;F or those that cou ldspeak low , and ta rdi ly,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

INTROD U CT ION .

The column s of a popu lar newspaper have usua lly beencon s ider ed a somewha t ephemer al medium of publ ici ty . In

th i s in stance the med ium p r oved to be the ver y best tha t cou ld

ha ve been adopted . Th r ough the pages of the Chr onicle the l ist

was subm i tted in deta il to the scr ut iny of innumer able r eader s ,in t ima tely acquain ted wi th and natu r a lly jea lous of the co r r ect

r ender ing o f thei r mother tongue . As the ser ies unfolded i t self

week by week ther e came fr om all pa r t s of No r thumber land,

and fr om N o r thumber land men r esiden t in d istan t Shi r es of

England andScot land , cor r ect ion s and add i t ion s of in ter est and

va lue ; wh i le , th r ough the fa r -r each ing ci r cula t ion of the paper ,other s who had set tled ab r oad , in Amer ica , South Afr ica ,

Aust r a lia , andN ew Zea land , con t r ibuted to the enr ichmen t of

the stor e .

In acknowledging the gener ous a id wh ich he has r ecei ved

fr om a l l qua r ter s , in his effor t to elucida te and exempl i fy the

r ich and exp r essive d ia lect of his nat i ve coun ty , the author

desi r es to make specia l men ti on of those who en t r usted to his

ca r e t r ea su r ed documen t s r elat ing to the subject , in which wer e

embod ied the r esul t of long con t inued obser va t ion andthe fr ui t

of ca r eful r esear ch .

Among these documen t s wer e two M S S . compi led by the

R ev . John H odgson , the h isto r ian of No r thumber land . F r om

mate r ia ls ob ta ined dur ing the p r ogr ess of his g r ea t wor k ,M r . Hodgson had p r epar ed a glossa r y

,eviden tly in tended

for publica t ion ; bu t wi th char acter ist ic gener osi t y , find ing

M r . B r ocket t engaged upon a sim ila r under taking , he p laced

the collect ion at h is ser vice . A t r an scr ipt of the M S . came in to

the possession of M r . W . H . W i l lan s , of Newca stle-upon -Tyne ,who kind ly offer ed it for u se in the p r esen t wo r k , andhas since

p r esen ted it to the l ib r a r y of the Society of An t iqua r ies of

Newca stle -upon -Tyne . La ter i n l ife M r . H odgson ,r ever t ing

to hi s o r igina l in ten t ion ,cop ied out hi s wor d -l ist

,wi th a few

va r ia t ion s ; bu t did not l i ve to complete it . Th i s secon d M S . ,

now in possession of the h istor ian ’ s g r andson , M r . John Geor ge

T H E GLO S S ARY . Xxv l l .

H odgson , of N ewcastle -upon -Tyne , wa s gener ously len t by him ,

and, wi th the t r an scr ipt befor e men t ioned , is ind icated , in the

succeed ing pages her e in , by the wor ds H odgsan M S

Another col lect ion , the r esul t ofmany yea r s observat ion , was

supplied by M r . M idd le ton H . Dand , of H aux ley , who , for

mo r e than quar ter of a cen tu r y hadnoted down the fa rm wo r ds

and agr icul tu r a l ph r a seology of N o r th No r thumber land in the

ma r gin of a copy of B r ockett ’s G lossa r y , which he kind ly placed

at the d i sposa l of the comp ile r . M r . Dand a l so con t r ibuted

notes andexplana t ion du r ing the p r ogr ess of the wor k .

An annotated copy of B r ockett’

s G lossa r y , bea r ing the

signa tur e of “J . O rd,

”and con ta in ing many mar gina l notes

,

was a lso placed at the d isposa l of the autho r , fr om the l ib r a r y

of M r . R ichar d Welfor d , t o whom the w r i ter is indeb ted fo r

many kindnesses , andfo r p r act ica l help andcoun sel th r oughout

the under taking . S im i la r ser v ice was cheer ful ly r ender ed byM r . G . H . Thompson , of A lnw ick ; who a lso copied , for

the w r i ter ’s u se , his e x ten si ve and va luab le col lect ion of

No r thumbe r land wo r ds ; and who ga ve a ss istance , dur ing the

weekly i ssues , of the most helpful cha r acter .

To M r . J . E . Ander son , of L illswood, H exhamsh i r e , the

author is indebted for numer ous obser va tion s on the pecul iar i t ies

and va r ia t ion s of the dia lect , wi th notes of wo r ds , va lua ble

fr om the w r i ter ’ s specia l knowledge of the coun ty .

M uch va luable ma ter ial wa s fur n i shed by M r . John Aver y ,of Ch r iston Bank. As a na tu r a l ist , his obse r va t ion s on local

names wer e especial ly helpful ; whi lst his p r actica l knowledge

of the deta i l and the techn ica l i t ies of fa r m ing was embod ied in

an unstin ted supply of notes sen t in as each let te r of the

a lphabet wa s successi vely r eached in pub l ica t ion .

Colonel J . A . Cowen , of B laydon Bu r n , an a ssiduous Obser ver

o f b i r d l ife , had for med a col lect ion of the common names bywhich bi r ds ar e known in v a r ious pa r ts of England . Th i s

xxv i ii . INTRODUCT ION .

exten sive ca ta logue he car eful ly annotated for the u se of th is

wo rk ,dist ingu ish ing the names peculiar to Nor thumber land .

M r . Thoma s Dun lop p r epa r ed l ists of bi r d -names used in

Nor th Nor thumber land , andadded examples of many col loquial

and gene r a l terms . M r . R . Y . G r een ,of Newcastle , r ev ised a

l ist of local plan t -n ames , ba sed upon D r . John son ’

s inva luable

Botany of the E aster n Border s. M any l ists of sa lmon fi sh in g

gener a l fa r m ter ms , and colloqu ia l isms we r e con t r i buted by

M r . R . Ceci l H ed ley , of Cheviott .

T he u se of extr act s was gener ously a llowed by M r . G . C .

G r eenwel l , now of D u ffield, near Der by , fr om h is impor tan t

Glossary of Terms used in the Coal T r ade of N or thumber land and

D u r ham. Thi s wo r k was i ssued by h im , anonymously , in two

ed it ion s , da ted 1 849 ; and, avowedly , in a th i r d ed i t ion ,

publ ished in 1 888 . Wher e the t i tle is not ful ly ci ted , ext r act s

fr om these wor ks ar e ma r ked Gr eenwell .

A Glossa ry of Terms usedin the Coal T r ade of N or thumber landand

D u r ham, ba sed upon the 1 849 ed i t ion s of M r . G r eenwel l , wa s

publi shed in 1 888 , by M r . W . E . N icholson , l ib r a r ian to the

Nor th of England In st it ute of M in ing and M echan ica l

Engineer s . Thi s con tained addi t ion s to the ea r l ier glossar y ,wh ich we r e kindly a l lowed to be used in the p r esen t wor k .

M r . N icholson a lso r ender ed many ser vices in expla in ing

techn ica l i ties .

P r ofessor G . A . Lebour , of the Dur ham Col lege of Physical

Science , added notes of many local terms for geological

phenomen a . At the outset of th i s wor k , M r .W . J . H agger stone ,

of the Newcastle Publ ic Libr a r y , a r r anged , for r efer ence , thela r ge col lection of local books in tha t in st itution .

M ost of a ll is th is wo r k indeb ted to M r .W . E . Adams,Edi to r

of the N ewcastle Weekly Chr onicle, for in va luable a ssistance , a nd

for con t inued in ter est in and di r ection of the unde r taking

TH E GLOS S ARY .

th r oughout i ts ser ial i ssue. I t i s difficul t to exp r ess the measu r e of

indeb tedness , wher e g r ea t per sona l kindness has been added

to wi se coun sel , based upon wide exper ience .

Obl iga t ion s fo r assistance and for con t r ibution s a r e fur ther

du e to the following —M r . J . B . Atkin son , H .M . In spector of

M ines ; M r . Wm . Ayn sley , Fer r y H i l l ; M r . R . Atkin ,

Cor b r idge ; M r . James Ander son , Newca stle ; M r . Thoma s

Al lan , Newcastle ; the R ev . J . R . Boyle , M r . Wi ll iam

Bulman , V ictor ia , B r it ish Columb ia ; M r . Rober t Bewick ,

Whal ton ; M r . Rober t B lai r , Sh ields ; M r . Geor ge

Bu r net t,Whanga r ei , N ew Zea land ; M r . M . Wa lton B r own ,

M in ing In st itute , Newca stle ; M r . W . S . L . Char lton , The

Keenes , Bel lingham ; Capta in Car r -El li son , M aclou sti , South

Afr ica ; M r . D . D . D ixon , Rothbu r y ; M r . T . Emb leton , H o r n

cliffe M a in s,Berwick ; M r . M a t thew G lass , London ; M r . J .

G ibson , Custodian , Norman Keep , Newcastle ; M r . T . G i lch r ist ,M .E . ,

P eri sher ; M r . J . P . G ibson , H exham ; M r . W . Col v i lle

G ibson , Scotswood ; M r . J . S . H ounam , Rothbu r y ; M r . S her iton

Holmes , C .E Newca stle ; the la te M r . James H o r sley , N ew

ca stle ; M r . J . H ar bot tle , Ga teshead ; M r . J . H umble , M ining

Engineer , West Pelton ; M r s . H . A . Jackson ,Lowick ;

M r . I saac Jeavon s,W in la ton ; M r . Thomas Laws , Napier ,

N ew Zea land ; M r . T . M a theson ,M or peth M r . A . L . M i ller ,

Berwick ; D r . Hugh M cL ean ,Cor br idge ; M r . M at thew

M ackey , Jun r . , Newca stle ; M r . J ohn Oxber r y , Fel l ing ;M r . John Rowel l , Twizell , Co . Du r ham ; M r . W . S impson ,

Newca stle ; M r . W . N . St r angeways , Bir m ingham ; M r . A . G .

Schaeffer , Newca st le ; M r . C . J . Spence , N or th Shields ; the

R ev . F . Stephen s , H or sley , O tter bu r n ; the R ev . E . J . Taylor ,N ew Shi ldon ; M r . R . S . Tu r nbull , N ewca st le ;

M r . Thomas Taylor , Dun ston ; M r . Geor ge Thompson , N ew

cas tle ; M r . Cuthber t Thompson , London ; M r . J ohn Wi lson ,

Leazes Par k , Newca stle andM r . James W r ight , Ryton .

In addi tion to the a ssi stance r ecei ved fr om cor r esponden t s

specia lly acqua in ted wi th the loca l d ialect , much outside help

XXX. I NTRODUCT ION .

was cor d ia lly r ende r ed . T he R ev . A . Smythe Pa lmer , of

Wood fo r d , Essex , r eadi ly suggested sour ces of in forma t ion , and

a lways r esponded wi ll ingly to the many calls made upon him

for adv ice and cr i t ici sm . Th r oughout the ser ial i ssue of the

wor k the R ev . P r ofesso r W .W . Skea t pa t ien t ly andcour teously

an swer ed enqui r ies , and, fr om t ime to t ime , made co r r ect ion s

and added valuable notes . To the R ev. Canon G r eenwel l ,Dur ham , the wr i ter has been under many obl igat ion s . F r om

D r . J . A . H . Mur r ay , of Oxfor d , un stin ted help was r eceived ,especia l ly in the invest iga t ion of the peculiar i ty of the

No r thumber land bur r . To M r . John Butter wor th , of T he

M ar ket St r eet P r ess , M anchester , much is due for the appea r

ance of the wor k in its pr esen t for m . Lastly , the autho r i s

gr ea tly indeb ted to M r . John H . N oda l, the Honor a r y

Secr etar y of the Engl ish D ialect Society , not on ly for d i r ect ion

in the pr epa r a tor y wo r k , bu t , mor e especia l ly , for pat ien t

su per vi sion in the p r ocess of r eca st ing the li st fr om the ser ial

in to its p r esen t for m .

Wh ile th i s wor k was appear ing in the pages of the Chr onicle,

a compr ehensive col lect ion of Tyneside S ongs and R eadings was

published by M essr s . Thomas and Geor ge A llan (Newca stle

upon -Tyne , When quoted in these pages , M essr s .

Allan ’ s book i s specia l ly des igna ted . T he wor ds Allan’

s

Collection r efer to a fo rme r , unda ted , wor k , published under

the edi tor ship of M r . Thoma s Allan , about the year 1 863 .

Reader s , an x ious for a r eady-made etymology in e ver y case

may be di sappoin ted to find tha t D r . John son ’ s defin it ion of a

lexicogr apher i s bu t par t ia lly fulfilled in the w r i ter of these

pages . F or he defines LEX I COGRAPH ER . A w r i ter . of

d ict ionar ies ; a har m less d r udge tha t busies h imself in t r acing

the or iginal , anddeta i ling the s ign ifica t ion of wor ds . Bu t, i f

the w r iter of these N or thumber land Wor ds has not “ busied

himself in t r acing the o r iginal , he has otherwise done his par t

as“a harmless d r udge . Etymologies ar e given in ver y few

instances ; and, in these , on ly on author ity . F or , as has been

NOTE S .

obser ved by one who has so va stly added to a knowledge of the

h isto r y of ou r Engli sh wor ds , “ I f we could bu t have an

under standing tha t etymology is , in gener al , best left a lone or

ver y war ily handled , and, a s fa r as may be , left to exper ts , we

should do much mor e to advance the study of i t. T he

col lection of wor ds and fact s ought to go fi r st ; it is ver y

u nph ilosoph ica l to r ush to conclusion s befo r e a ll the a t tainable

info rma tion i s at hand . (Note In the spi r i t of thi s

admon i tion the col lect ion of wor ds and fact s in th is volume

is pr esen ted to the r eader .

NOTES .

Baada , Ecclesiastical H istor y , book i i . c. 9 .

S ee N enn iu s,T he H istor y, 38 .

S axon Chr on icles , Ear le ,1 865 , p . 16 .

N enn ius , T he H istor y, 50.

Ida , the Be r n ician , Ael le , the Dei r an , o r thei r r espective successor s

appear as r u ler s of a un i ted Nor thumber land, or of one or other of

i ts componen t states.

S ee R ev. Pr ofesso r S keat , Pr inciples of Engl ish Etymology, fi r st ser ies ,p 4 1 ; a lso Ang lo—S axon Liter atu r e , Pr ofessor Ea r le , 1 884 . pp 1 10,

1 1 1 , 1 69 , andnote ; andD ialects of the S ou ther n Coun ties of S cotland,

J]A H . M u r r ay , 1 873 , p . 20

Cu t ber t'

s Letter on Dea th of Baeda , S ymeon , Du r ham , de E cc i . 1 5 .

H inde , H istor y of Nor thumber land, pp 1 20, 1 58 , &c. For tab les of

Ber n ician kings and ear ls , see H inde , pp . 1 24 and 1 58 A lso

L ongstaffe in Ar chaeolog ia ZE l iana ,vol vi i pp. 89 and 196 .

D ialects of the S ou ther n Coun ties of S cotland, J . A . H M u r r ay, 1873 ,pp . 25 , 86 , 89 , andnotes.

For compa r ison of place-names , see Place-Names of the Cou nty of

Du r ham, by J . V . G r egor y. A r chaeolog ia ZE l iana , vol . x . , p . 180.

S ee also W ea rdale Names of FieldandFel l , by W . M . Egg lestone .

H istor y of Nor thumber land,H inde , p . 1 62 . Border H i stor y, R idpath ,

p . 54 . An accou nt of the battle is given by S ymeon , H istor y of the

Chu r ch of Du r ham , l ib . i i i . , c. 5 .

S axon Chr on icle , Ear le , 1865 , p . 2 1 1 . Deta i ls of th is expedition a r e g ivenin the V i ta Oswin i of John de Tynemou th

R oger de W endover , E d. Coxe , vol . i i p 1 8 . S ymeon , bk . i i i ch . 24 ,

p . 2 1 3 S axon Ch r on icle , Ea r le , p . 2 16 .

H istor y of Nor thumber land, H inde , p . 247 .

H istor y of Nor thumber land, H inde , p . 203 .

Dur ham Ca thedr al , R ev . W . G r eenwel l , secondedi tion , 1 886 , p . 2 1 .

H istor y of Nor thumbe r land,H inde , p 2 1 5 .

H istor y of Nor thumbe r land,H inde , p r eface , p . v i .

H isto r y of Nor thumber land, H inde , p . 289 .

S ee D i alects of the S ou ther n Coun ties of S cotland, I . A . H . M u r r ay,

p . 24 , wi th examples pp . 3 1 ci seq. Also obser vations by R ev . Pr of.W . W . S keat , Pr i nciples of Engl ish Etymology, fi r st ser ies , p . 34 .

xxx i i . INTROD UCT ION .

W eardale Names of Field and Fell , W . M . Egglestone . p . 1 2 . An

extr aordinar y in fu sion of Nor thumber landb loodex ists in W eardale .

T he W a ltons and F eathe r stons have for ages been the pr eva i l ingclans in that once semi -bar bar ou s va l ley.

”— W . H . D . L ongstaffe ,

Fr agmen ts . R ichardson'

s r epr int of Denham ’s S logans ,

"&c p . 3 1 .

Har r ison ,G ibson , and W atson wer e also p r eva len t su r names i n

Lower W eardale .

D ialects of the S outher n Counties of S cotland, J . A . H . M ur r ay,1 87 3 ,

86 .

Ber ihicksh i r e Natu r al ists' Field C lub T r ansactions , 1 873 , vol vi i . , p . 26 ,

quoting letter fr om D r . J . A . H . M ur r ay.

G r ay,

“ Chor og r aph ia ,1 649 , p . 26 .

H istor y of Nor thumber land, Hodgson , pt. i i . , vol . i i i . , p 3H istor y of Nor thumber land, Hodgson , pt . i i , vol i . , pp . 66 , 67 . Ber wick

shi r e Na tu r al ists' Field C lub T r ansactions , 1 863

-68 , vo l . v . , p . 427 .

Ar ticle , Har bottle Castle , by Geo . Tate .

H istor y of Nor thumber land,Hodgson , pt . i i . , vol . i i i p . 3 .

A D ia logue aga inst the Feuer Pesti lence , by Wm. Bu lle in , 1 578 , E . E .

Text S ociety, 1 888 , p . 6 .

Ar chaeolog ia XE l iana , 4to . ser ies , vo l . iv . , pp 169 , 18 1 .

As to this date , see Border Holds of Nor thumber land, by C . J . Bates ,p . 5 1 , note 1 85 .

H istor y of N or thumber land, Hodgson , pt. i i . , vol . i . , p . 70.

W . Bu llein , su pr a , p . 7 .

Vestiges of O ld Newcastle , Boyle and Knowles , p . 20. M er chan t

Adven tu r er s , S u r tees S ociety, p . 27 .

S adler , S tate Paper s , vol . i . H istor y of Nor thumber land, Hodgson ,

pt i i . , vol . i ., p . 190, note.

G r ay, Chor og r aph i a , 1649. p . 26 .

H istor y of Coa l M in ing in G r eat Br ita in , W . L . Gal loway,1 882 , p . 33 .

G r ay, in his Chor ogr aph ia , says , the coal t r ade began not pastfour scor e yea r s since , p . 2 1 . Ev identlymean ing that i t on ly then ,

that i s in 1 569 o r ther eabou ts , began to assume la r ge pr opor tions.

H istor y of Newcastle andGateshead, R ichardW el ford, vol . i i i . , pp 348

and 392 .

S ee a r ticle “ On the pr esent par ticiple in the Nor thumbr ian dialect ,by R alph Car r . H istor y of Ber wickshi r e Natu r a l i sts

’ Field C lub ,

vol . iv . , p . 3 56 . In th i s the ethnogr aphy of Nor thumber landis also consider ed.

Fu l ler ’

s W or th ies , pt . i i p . 1 26 .

D r . J A . H . M ur r ay,D ialects of the S ou ther n Counties of S cotland,

1 873 , p . 86 .

Ibid.

S a int Cu thber t i s descr ibed as speaking “ the r ough Nor thumbr ianbu r r , J . R . G r een , S hor t H istor y of England, 1 876 ,

p . 25 .

Pr ofessor M or i tz Tr au tmann ,

“ Ang l ia ,

"vol . i i i . , 1 880,

p . 2 1 2 .

Ibid. p . 22 1 .

Ibid. p 376 .

T he R ev. Pr of. \V. W . S keat, pr eface R ay'

s Glossar y, p xxvu

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

AA,AW

, AH , I— the p r onoun of the fi r st per son . Th is long ,b r oad sound is a cha r acte r istic of the d ialect of the Tynesideandof South N or thumber land . In loca l wor ks it i s gener allyr epr esen ted by the let ter s aw.

AA,A AAL L [S . and T .J , a l l . “ I t ’ s aa ower . Not

at aa . A r e ye aa ther e ? Aall’

at aa aadwis eyteen

pence Z a ll tha t I owed was eighteenpence . Compare OA .

“ Aall the wa r ld an’ pai r t o ’ Gyetside , a common p r over b ,

used jocula r ly . I t suggest s some sly humou r at the expen seof the good people of the Tyneside bor ough .

Aall togither , l ike the folks o ’ Sh ields . T he clan sh ip ofthe sea far ing folk at the mouth of the Tyne is p r over b ial ;hence a l i t tle coter ie is sa id to be “ Aull tog ither , l ike thefolks o

’

S hields.”

That's a’

aw can tel l ye aboot M y Lord’

S ize.—John S h ield, died

1 848 , M y Lord’

S i ze.

AA , to owe , Aa aa nowt .” Ad is used to denote owner ship orpossession , as in the in ter r ogat ive ph r ase , “ VVhe

’

s da th is

AABU T , almost , “all bu t.

W hen want has a ’but ower tyen u s ,

S he a’

ways keeps ma hear t abu in .

”

Pi tman '

s Pay , ed. 1 843 ,p . 1 4 .

AAD , AWD , AUD , old ; AAD I S H , old i sh . Onldis anotherfor m of the wor d . T he West Tyn e pr onuncia tion i s Oad.

Au andwife cr ies , W or on the Ba r .

E . Cor van , died 1 865 , War kwor th Feast.

AA ’D , I had, I would .

“Aa’

da been there mesel wouldhave been ther e myself.

They sa id aa’

d got me claes i weekly number s .— J .W eams , Gates

headM asher .

AAD -BAT , in the old form , j ust in usual good heal th andci r cumstances .

Aa’

s ju st the aad—bat, aa’

s ju st the aad-bat,Thor ’

s nowt aboot me ye may fear , lad,

Bu t elways aa’

s g lad, whethe r good time or bad,

Ju st to say, aa’

s aboot the aad-bat.’

S ong , TheAad—bat.

AAD E R , the compa r a t ive of Aad older . Aadest oldest .

NORTH UM BERLAND WORD S . 3

AAD -FARRAND , AAD -FARRAN , p r ecocious , or , as it i s

ter med , old-fash ioned .

An aad-far r an l ittle fel low, sitting in the neuk , wou ldpu t in his claimfor a histor y beuk o r bal lan t if deddy had a penny to spar e .

”—ThomasW i lson ,

note to par t fi r st Pi tman ’

s Pay , ed. 1 843 .

Auld-far r and,‘ favou r ing

’

; that is , r esemb l ing the oldor adu l t ; havingthe manner s or sagaci ty of age.

—N ew E ng . D iet.

AAD -FAS H INT , p r ecocious , applied to a ch i ld old-fashioned ,an t ique .

AAD -LANG -SYNE , a favour i te phr ase , by wh ich oldper son sexp r ess thei r r ecollect ion s of fo rme r kindnesses andj uven i leenj oymen t s in t imes long s ince past . —B r ockett.

AAD M AN , the name for oldandunknown pit wor kings . Ther efe r ence is to d iabol ic agency . S ee AAD

’U N .

T he mor e moder n wor kings have Often sudden ly holed into the old

mine wastes , wh ich hadbeen a l r eady excavatedby the industr yof the ‘ Old M an ,

’

as such ancient wor kings ar e cal led.— T om John

Taylor , A r chaeology of the Coal Tr ade, 1 852 .

AAD PE G , old m i lk cheese ; a very tough and th r ifty sor t offood .

AAD’

U N , a fam i lia r name for the devi l . Ye he ’ the impittenceo ’ the aad

’

un,

”the aadone.

AAF U L ,awful . “ S he let off the aafulest skr ikes .

AAGU S T , August .I

AAH (or E h-ah What ? in ter r oga t ive , or , What do you say ?

AAKE R T , per ver se , stubbor n , awkwa r d .

AA’

L L , I will . Wh il st wi ll is her e Shor tened to an l sound on ly ,as it is in or d inar y con ver sa t iona l Engl i sh (

“ I’

ll be wi th youj ust shal l in the d ia lect ha s sha r ed the same fa te , andappear s as an s on ly .

“ Aa’

s be ther e ther eckly.” Thor’

s be

bonny gam on when a a get ther e.

”Aa

’

s hev setisfaction o’

thoo . S ee AA’

s 2 .

Come l ist ye S andgate skipper s a ’

,

Aa’

ll sing a bonny sang .

”

AAL L GAT E S ,in ever y way.

“Aa’ve been up and doon

aal lgates.”

Aa’

ve sowt fo r ’d aal lgates. S ee G ATE .

AAM ACK S , of a ll kinds . They he ’

for n itor , an’

cr ocker y,an

’

byu ts , an’ shoes , an

’

aamachs 0’ things .”

4. NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

AAM U S ,ALMOUS

, a lms ; p r onounced in two syl lables .O .E . aelmysse.

W ith thei r dooles andalmosewe ar e r el ieved.— R edesdale Beggar , 1 565 .

T o ew’

y hows of a lmonse ordeynet for bedr ydens in Newe Castle ;i mar c.

— Wi l l of R oger T hor nton , 1429 . R ichardW elford’

s H istory ofNewcastle andGateshead, vol . i . , p . 28 1 .

AAN , to own , to acknowledge , to possess . “ H e aan’

dto beeinther e h i ssel .” I t is a lso the p r esen t pa r t iciple of aa , t o oweWha t ’ s he aan (owing) ye

AAN AWN , own . M e aan fi r eside. W or aan hoose.

I tem, paid to the por ter s for b r ing ing home the tapsterye fr om the

M anor to thar awne howeses that did owe the tapster y, 16d.— Newcastle

M unicipal Accounts , N ov. , 1 56 1 .

AAN E R , OU N E R , owner .

AAN S E L , own self, h imself. L et him ax fo r’d his aansel .

T hor’

l l be nyen bu t wor aansels ther e .

”

AAR ID D Y ,a l r eady.

AA ’S,AW ’S (I is) . 1 . I am.

Aw’

s a cl ivver chep , aw'

s sur e ,

T ho’

aw de say'

dmesel ."

B i lly Oliver'

s R amble.

2 . I wil l , I shall .“ Bu t aa

’

s gi’

ye , W i l l , to under stand,

As lang as aa can wieldme hand.

"

Aa’

s g ie ye— I wi ll g ive you ; “ Aa

'

s be ther e ther eckly-I shall be

ther e , &c. [S ]

3 . I have .

“Aa’

s did i t. [S .]“Aa

’

s deu n’

d.— [T ]

AAS OM E , awful . T he seet on’

t wis dasome.

AA’VE , I have.

AA WARN , AA-WAR N D , AA’S -WARN

, I war r ant, I suppose .Aa -war ud, noo , ye th ink yor sel

’

cl ivvor “ Act’

s-war n a

kyem besu’

t been iv his ha i r thi s twee mon ths .

ABACK , ABACKA , ABACKEN , beh ind , at the back of

sometimes shor tened to back. H oway aback o ’

the hoose an’

aa’

l l show ye .

”H e com’

in a t the fin ish j ust aback on him.

”

Aw dr eam’

daw was at the Nor th F owl ,I t

’

s a fine place aback o’

the menu .

R . Emer y ,Pitman '

s Dr eam,

Ba rds of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 1 86 .

S he lost her pocket andall her moneyAback o

’

the bush i’

the ga rden , honey.

E lsie M ar ley.

NORTH UM B ERLAN D W ORD S . 5

ABACK , backwa r d . H adaway aback, aa tell ye . Ye ’vecom

’ ower far on ; gan aback ti the r oad end.

”

ABACK—A BEH INT , the ver y last beh ind . Abaclc-a -behint

the set , mean s the ver y la st waggon , not simply a b inder

waggon . I t mean s the ext r eme r ear of anyth ing . “ Get upaback-a -behint

”is get up over the hor se

’ s r ea r .

ABACK-A-BE YONT , fa r away beh ind— out of ken .

ABAWE,to daun t , astoni sh , lower , abash .

— B r ockett, thi r d ed.

Pr obab ly fr om old Fr ench abaub- i r , abab- i r , to aston ish , confound,

fr ighten , disconcer t .

"— D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng D ict.

ABBU T , aye but. Abbat aa’

ll not let ye . Very commonlyused for but.

ABEE (or L et abee) , to let a lone .

Let's away and he'

some yel l , and let sic th ings abee man .— The

Keelman ’

s r easonsfor attending chur ch — A l lan’

s Collection ,1 863 .

Pr obably fr om at-be, ea r ly Nor ther n infin itive= to be.— D r . M ur r ay,

N ew E ng . D cct.

ABE E R , to endu r e , to bea r .

“ S he couldn ’ t abeer to sit a sidehim.

” “ A wor d of honou r able an t iqui ty,says D r . M u r r ay ,

“ widely d iffused in the d ia lect s ; in London r eckoned as

a vulga r i sm .

”

AB E YU N ABYU N , [T .J , above . T he wo r d is oftencon t r acted as byun .

An'

ower abyan this band 0‘ men .

— J . Hor sley, The Cuddces an’

the

Hor ses, 188 1 .

ABLE , weal thy ; as “an able man.

— B r ochett. (Obs .)

ABLEEZE , ablaze , on fi r e .

ABOON , ABOU N [N .] above . I t i s often shor tened to beun.

S ee AB E YU N .

In Chyviat the h i l ls abonu .— Chcvy Chase.

ABOOT , about .

ABREDE , in b r eadth , sp r ead ou t — B r ockett.

ABY ,a side , tha t is , a -by o r a -oneside. S tan ’

aby ther e is a

fam i lia r shout in a cr owd when a way is to be clea r ed .

ACAS , because ; ACAS ON , on accoun t of. H e wadn’

t gan

acas he wis fla id . H e couldn ’ t r un acas on his badfoot .

6 NORTH UMBERLAND woR D s.

ACCYD AVY , affida v i t .

ACKER , to cu r l , as the cur l of wate r fr om the wind— B r ockett.

ACKER , a r ipp le on the su r face of the water .— B r oclcett. A

ca t spaw .

” Compar e CAAL , 2 .

ACKE R S P R IT , ACKE R S P E IR ,

“ver b used when the

b lade in mau l t g r owes out at the oppos i te endof the root .R ay

’

s Collection of N or th-Country Words, E .D .S . A va r ian t ofACRO S P I R E .

ACKNOW,to acknowledge , to confess—B r ockett.

ACL IT E ,out of j oin t , awr y . S ee CL E YT , CL ITE .

Newcastle ’s now a dowly place , al l th i ngs seems sor e acl i te,

For her e at last Bl indW i l l ie l ies. an honest , harmless wight .

R . G i lch r ist , died 1 844 , B l i ndWi l lie'

s Epitaph.

ACOW , AGAW ,crooked , ob lique , awr y .

— B r ochett.

ACRE -DALE LANDS , or ACRE -DEAL LANDS , landappor tioned in acr e st r ips . D eal is a por t ion . To deal is togive to each his lot . H ence Acr e-deal L ands wer e lands sodealt out o r appor tioned , each dea l or lot being an acr e st r ip .

T he fields r ound a S axon vi l lage wer e open fields , and gener al lydiv ided into acr e str ips , in the tenth centu r y , j u st as the v ision of P i er sPlowman was quoted in pr oof that i t was so in the fou r teenth cen tu r y.

F . S eebohm, Eng l ish Vi llage Communi ty , th i rdedition , 1 884 , p . 106 .

ACRON , an acor n .

ADAM AND E VE , the tuber s of Or chis latifor ia ; the tuberwhich s inks being Adam and tha t which swims being E ve .

Cain and Abel is another n ame for these tuber s , Ca in beingthe hea vy one .

— Johnston , Botany of E aster n Border s, p . 1 93 .

ADAM ’ S NEEDLE . S ee EDOM .

ADDER -GRASS the spotted or ch i s , Or chis maculata ; ca l leda lso H en s , H en s-kames , andDeed -man ’ s H and .

ADDER -S T YE N , a stone wi th a hole th r ough i t . These wer epicked up and hung behind the door a s a cha r m . M r . M .

H . Dand says : “W i th in my r ecol lect ion no fish ing-boa t was

w i thout one of these stones suspended fr om the inwiver . Nowen t i r ely d isused . S ee HOLEY- S TON E .

Andva in LordS ou l is's swordwas seen ,

Though the h i lt was adder stone."

The Cont of Keeldar .

NORTH U MB ERLAN D W ORD S .

AD D IVVIS S E N , had I wissen tha t is , “ H ad I bu t known !A phr ase near ly obsolete , bu t stil l r etained by some oldper sons.

B r ockett.

ADDLE , AID L E ,E D D L E , to ear n .

H e addles th r ee ha'

pence a week ,

That ’s nobbu t a far din ’

a day.

S ong , M a Laddie.

N ot fr om the AS wordedlean , a r eward, r ecompense , &c. bu t fr omIcelandic Odlask , to ea r n .

—Pr of. S keat , Note to R ay ,Collecti on of Nor th

Country Words , E .D S .

N ow exclusively dia lectica l— usedever ywher e fr om Leicester shi r e toNor thumber land; not in S cotland.

”— D r . M ur r ay, N ew E ng . D i et

ADDL INS , ear n ings . “ H e’

s hadgood addlins th i s quar ter .

ADGE , an adze .

AD IT , a horizon tal ga l ler y for d r ain ing a m ine . S ee WATERGATE .

ADNA , the sound of ( la de na , I do not. “Adna wan t ye .

AD SM ASH A p r ofane exclama t ion . S ee EXCLAMAT ION S .

AD VE N T E R , adven tu r e .

T he ear ly Engl ish auentu’

r e soon passed in popu la r speech thr oughthe forms an entu r , aun tur , to auntur andanter (sti l l common in S cotland) ,wh i le aventu r e r emained a l iter a r y form . I n fifteen th to sixteen thcentu r ies the Fr ench was Often r e -spelt adventu r e in imi tation of Latin , a

fash ion which (though i t soon died ou t in Fr ance) passed into Englandandpermanently affected the word.

— D r . M ur r ay, N ew E ng . D i et.

AE [N .] one.

“ Tweedsays to T il l ,‘W hat gar s ye r in sae i l l

S ae sti l l as I t in , and sae fast as ye gae ,

W her e ye dr own ae man , I dr own twae .

AFEARD, afr a id . Aa was afea rd ye wa r n

’

t S ee

FEARD .H is hor e beard

W as fowly dight , andhe of death afear’

d.

S penser , Faer ie Q ueene, bk . i i i . , cant x. , st. 52 .

AFER a hor se .- H alliwel l

’s D iet. Thi s i s the same as

AVER , wh ich see .

AFIRE , on fi r e .

M a keel’s aa afir e, ma for tin

'

s aa spoiled.-E . Cor van , died 1 865 ,

Keel Afir e.

8 NORTH UMB ERLAN D WORD S .

AFOOR [N .J AFORE [T .J befor e .

“Gan on afor e.

Afor e yor fit to fight yor way.

"— Thomas W i lson , The P i tinan’

s Pay,

1843 cd. , p . 45 .

AFOOR LANG ,sho r tly , in a Shor t t ime .

AFOR CE , a ter m in col lier y wo r king ; “ to hole a boar d in toan adj oin ing boa r d un in ten tional ly.” —Gr eenwell .

AFOREH AND , befo r ehand . This i s somet imes wo r n downand sounded as afor an. S ee next wor d .

AFORRAN , AFOR N ,on hand , r eady for use . N owt afor r an ,

nothing r eady .

AFTER-DAM P , the nox ious gas r esult ing fr om a coll ier yexplosion .

This after -damp is cal led choah-damp andsurfeit by the col l ier s , and isthe car bon ic acid gas of chymists .

"— A Descr iption of F ell ing Coll ierypr evious to M ay 25 , 1 8 1 2 , by R ev . John Hodgson .

T he sense of vapou r , steam , smoke expr essedby the German dampf ,Dutch damp, denip, damp, may have a r isen in two ways . T he German

dampf sign i fies shor t W i nd,dampfig , br eathing with difficu lty , andas the

desi gnation of the phenomenon is common ly taken fr om the mostexagger ated man i festation of it , the term may have been appl ied in thefi r st in stance to the b r eath , and thence to exhalat ion , steam , smoke . O r

the designation may have been taken fr om r egardi n g smoke , du st , vapou r ,steam as su ffocat i ng , stifl ing , choking agen ts . T he German dampf isexpla ined by Adel ung ,

‘ Any th ick smoke , mist , or vapou r , especi al lywhen i t is of su lphu r eou s natu r e ,

’ wher e the r efer ence to the idea of

su ffocation is obv ious . In the choke-damp of ou r mines ther e is a

r epeti tion of the elemen t sign i fying su ffocation , addedto supply the lossof that mean ing in the Eng l ish damp.

"— Wedgwood, D i ctionary of E ngl i shE tymolog 1 872 .

AG , to hack , or cu t wi th a stroke — B r ockett.

AGATE , AGYE T , afoot , a st i r , on the way, out and about .Aa

’

s plea sed to see ye agate agyen .

—Gate in the Nor ther n dialect sign ifies a way ; so that agate is at or

upon the way.—R ay

’

s Col lecti on , 1691 .

AGE , to ad vance in yea r s , to appea r old. H e ages fast .

AGEE , a twi st . T he g i s sounded soft . S ee AGLEE .

H ae ye seen my Jocker , comin’

up the quay,

W iv h is shor t b luejacket , andh i s hat ageeP"

R . Nunn , died 1 85 3 , 70cker .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

I O NORTH U MB ERLAND W ORD S .

AID L E ,to ear n ,

to manage . S ee ADDLE

AIGH T , eight (pr onounced eye t) . A ighth, eighth .

AIK [N .J , oak . S ee YE K.

AIL S E Y ,Al ice ; a lso Elsie.

AIR-BOXES , tubes of wood used for ven t ila t ion in a pit wher ether e is on ly one passage or open ing — M in. Gloss. , N ewcastle

Terms, 1852 .

AI R C ,ARK

, a la r ge chest . A meal-ar k is st ill the name givento a mea l -chest in coun t r y places .

A r ks wer e made of oak, andconta ined the fami ly dr esses , &c. T he

fr ont was often or namentedwith car vedborder s andjoinedwith woodenpins .

” —Hodgson M S .

AI R CH , an ar ch .

AIR -CROSS ING , an ar ch bu il t over a hor seway o r other road ,wi th a passage or a i r -way above it.— M in. Gloss. , N ewcastle

Terms, 1 852 .

AI R F , AIR F I S H [N . and ARF [T .J , app r ehen si ve . Acondi tion of mind in which it is necessa r y to p r oceed w i thgr ea t caut ion . Yen ’ s r ether ai rfish aboot eet .

”S ee AR F ,

A I RTH , wh ich wi th ai rf a r e forms of the wor d argh.

AI R M , an arm. Sounded as two syllables in S . Nor thumberland .

An’sendamang the gang , M r . M ayor , M r . M ayor ,

A i r in— W hat d’

ye ca'

him — S tr ang , M r . M ayor .

”

QuaysideD i tty , 1 816 .

Andhe haves on thor u h is ar um,

Ther of is fu l mikel har um.

”

H avelok,quotedby Hal l iwell .

AI R S B IT , Archbold . A fr equen t su r n ame .

AIRT , to find out , to di scover .

“ I’

l l ai r t it oot .

AIRT (pr onounced d-a r t) , a r t or pa r t of the compa ss , d i r ect ion .

W ha t ai r t’s the wind in thi day ?”

People common ly say,when star t ing on a j our ney , tha t they go ea st , west , n or th , orsouth , as the ca se may be. Wha t ai r t ar ’

ye gan thi dayOff they r ade

They r ade the a i r t o’ Liddesda le .

Death of Par cy R eed.

A str anger— who cannot ver y wel l comp r ehend the countr y people

when di r ecting him what a i r ts to obser ve— wi l l be ver y l iab le to lose hisr oad.

"— S . O l iver , jun ., R ambles i n Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 9 .

NORTH U M B ERLAN D W ORD S . I I

AIRTH , fea r ful , a fr a id . H e was a i r th to do i t,” tha t i s , afr a id .

“An a i r thful n ight ,” tha t is, a fr ightful n ight .— H odgson M S .

S ee A R F,A I RE .

AIR T H F U L ,fea r ful . S ee above .

AIRWAY , a passage a long wh ich the cu r r en t of a i r t r a vels ina coll ie r y .

AITH , an oath .

AITS [N .] oa t s . S ee YETT S .

AIX , an axe .

Cu t off‘

wiv a chopp in a ix .—Geordy

’s Last, 1 878 , p . 4.

A IXE L ,AIXE L -TREE , o r AIX-TREE , an axle .

AJYE , AJEE , on one side , atwist ; same as AGEE , AGLEE .

AKW E R T , AAKE R T , awkwa r d . An datier t th ing for thecoo In Nor th N or thumber land , anker t.

ALANG ,a long .

F r e ther e aa went a lang the b r ig .— M a Canny H inny

AL AN T OM , AL AN T U M , a t a d istance , a long t ime — B r ockett.

In R ay’

s Collection i t appear s a s A lantom, adv at a d i stance .

Kennet t , M S . L ansd. , 103 3 , gi ves the e x amples , “ I saw hima t alungtun ,

”and “ I saw him alantum off.

”— H alliwell’

s D iet.

(ObsS ome of our lads b

’

ing ver y kind, A lantom fol lowedme behind.

G . S tuar t , yam-S er i ous D i scour se, 1 686 , p . 72 .

Cor r uption of Fr ench 8c lointa in— at a distance.— D r . M ur r ay, N ew

E ng . D iet.

ALDE -H E -WAY , the ancien t r oad wh ich con t inued the Ca r elSt r ee t , or K a r legate , eastwa r d fr om H owford, by Acomband An ick , to Co r b r idge , thence t o Newca s tle andT inmouth .

-H odgson , N or thumber land, i i i . 2 , p . 4 1 1 .

ALEAN [N . and ALYE N [T .J a lon e . Let ’ s alyen ,

letme a lone . Thor wis th r ee on them , let alyen his fethor”

her e i t mean s let alone, or besides.

ALGATES , a lways ; a ll manner of ways ; however ; a t a ll

even t s . A compound of all andgates, or ways . -Aug lo-S axon,H all iwell

’

s D iet.

1 2 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

ALLER , the a lder , Alnus g lutinosa . S ee ELLER andOLLER .“ Ther e g r owyth many alter s and other r amel l wood, wh ich ser vethe

muche for the buyldinge of suche smal l hou ses as be u sedandinhabytedby husbandmen in those par tes .

"— S u r vey of Cheviot, 1 542 Catt, M S SHodgson ,

Nor thumber land, par t i i i . , vol . 2Pa ide for 3 al ler spar s , 1 6d.

”— NewcastleM un icipal Accounts , N ov . 1 595 .

T he h istor ica l form al ler su r v ived t il l the eighteenth centu r y in l iter a

tu r e , and is sti l l gener al in the dialects.— D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . D i et.

ALLERS, clog soles . H e has on a pair 0’

new alter s. Clogsoles wer e made of alder wood .

ALLER -TROOT , ALDER -TROOT ; the small b r and l ingt r out or “ skegge r , ca lled fr om their habi t of haun ting ther oots of a lder t r ees tha t gr ow by the S ide of the st r eam .

S . O liver , F ly -F ishing , 1834 , p . 1 7 .

ALLEY, a boy

’ s mar b le made of a labaster or of any fine wh i testone .

AL L E YBLAS T E R , ALABLASTER , a laba ster .

ALL-IN -T H E -WE LL , a j uven i le game in Newca stle andthe

neighbour hood . A ci r cle is made about eight inches indiameter , ter med the well , in the cen t r e of wh ich is placed a

wooden peg , four inches long , wi th a button ba lanced on thetop . Those desi r ous of playing give button s , ma r bles , or

anyth ing else , accor d ing to agr eemen t , for the p r i v ilege of

th r owing a shor t st ick , w i th which they ar e fur n ished , at the

peg . Shou ld the but ton fly out of the r ing , the playe r isen t i tled to double the st ipulated va lue of wha t he gives for thestick . T he game is a lso p r act ised at the Newca st le Races ,andother places of amusemen t in the Nor th , w i th th r ee pegs ,wh ich a r e put in to th r ee ci r cula r holes , made in the g r ound ,about two feet apar t , and fo rm ing a t r iangle . In th is caseeach hole con ta in s a peg , about n ine inches long , upon whichar e deposited ei the r a sma ll kn i fe or some copper . T he

per son playing gives so much for each stick , and get s a ll the

a r t icles tha t ar e th r own off so as to fa ll on the outside of theholes . —H al liwell

’

s D iet.

ALMERY, a cupboard . See AMBRY .

ALM OUS , alms . S ee AAM U S .

ALN the p r onunciat ion of thi s wo r d is notable . I t i s soundedas Ale r i ver , Yel waater , An-nich (Alnwick) town , and at its

mouth is the vi l lage of Yel -inooth (Alnmouth) .T he Lord Ever s claymed fr om the con fynes of Ber wick , sou th-east

ward to the water of Aylle.

"— S i r R ober t Bowes ’

s R epor t to the M a r qu is ofDor set, 1 55 1

NORTH UMB ERLAN D WORD S . I 3

ALOW , ablaze , al ight . T he ow is sounded l ike on in t r out .I t wis aa ll iv alow iv a m inute .

”S ee L OW E .

ALOVVS E , loose , fr ee. L et yor sel alowse, was the exhor tat ion of a pi tman to a fr iend who was ba t ting st iffly at a

cr icket match .

AL SWA [S .J a lso in OldEngli sh th i s is alsua ; alswa . S o in

the d ia lect has retained thi s sound of swa , soo-a .

AM ACKAL LY , in a manner , as well as one cam— H odgson M S .

(Obs.)

AMAIN , to r u n wi thout check . W hen a set of waggon s r undown an incline wi thout br eak , or wi thout being a t tached tothe r ope , or th r ough the acciden ta l detaching or b r eaking ofthe r ope , they a r e said to “

r un ani ain.

”

As i f ma wits had r un ama i’

n .

Thos. W i lson , The Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1826 , p . i i . v . 1 2 .

Couch’

dh is spea r e , andr an a t h im ama ineS penser , Faer ie Queene, bk . vi . , cant i ., 33 .

AM ANG , AM ANGS T , among , amongst ; often shor tened tomang , mangst.

That at the last thai ordeindtuelve ,T he thoughtfu lest amang thamselve .

Cu r sor M undi , A .D . 1 320.

Amang the r est aw cowpedma cr eels .

"

T . Thompson , (1. 1 8 14 , 7 immy yoneson’

s Wher ry.

AM ANY , a gr ea t many . “ Tho r ’ s amany at d issen t knaa wher ete tor n for thor next meal .

AMBRY (p r onounced aumry) ,“a pan t r y , or cupboar d ‘to set

victuals in . P r over b— ‘ N o sooner up , bu t the head in theaumbry , and n ose in the cup.

’ I suppose we m ight have it ofthe Nor man s .”— R ay

’

s Col lection of N or th-Country Words,1 69 1 .

M r . B r ocket t quotes the pr over b above as if fam i lia r in N ew

castle . Somet imes spel t aumery or unwry.

S ome slovens fr om sleeping no sooner be upB ut hand is in aumbr ie, andnose in the cup.

Tusser ’

s Five Hundr edPai nts, 1 573 , i i . , 5 .

Against the nor th andsou th wal ls ther e wer e a lmer ies , r ichlydecor ated,

conta in ing a lar ge number of pr ecious r el ics .— R ev . Pr ov . Consi tt , L ife

of S t. Cuthber t, p . 205 .

AM E AS T (p r onounced a -me-ast) , a lmost . I t is a lso abbr eviatedto weast, myest, the former the S . Northumbe r land for m , thelat ter Tyneside.

This wine ’

s ama ist got in my head.

”-S er ious D iscour se, p . 20.

I 4 NORTHU MB ERLAN D W ORD S .

AM ELL , among, betwixt . Some pr onounce it ameld.

—R ay’

s

Collection , 1 69 1 . Compa r e M ELL , 2 .

Amell them twa to dr ive a bar gain .— 7oco-S er ious D iscour se, p . 29.

Between— Nor thumber land. I t seems to be I slandic c’

i mi l li . I t is

statednot to be u sed in S cotland — Hal l iwell’

s D i et.

AN , if.“An yer gann in the mo r n , will ye tyek us wi

’

ye

T o the new castel l when they cam ,

T he S kottes they cr yde on hyght ,S ir H ar ye Per ssye , andthow byste within ,

Com to the fylde and fygh t .

Battle of Otter bur n .

AN AAL , a lso , too , l ikewise . S ee IN AA.

T he folks was gaun in , so aw bools in an’

J . P . R obson , died 1 870,A Cut at War Teen , 1 849 .

They b r ought up the Pee dee ju st l i ke a duck’

dcr aw,

And the skipper wi ' langhin’

fel l smack ower an’

a’

.

“ Half D r oon’

dS hipper .— M ar shall

’

s S ongs, 1825 , p . 196 .

This can n ight , this ean n ight ,Ever y n ight anddwle,

Fi r e andfleet andcandle l ight ,AndChr ist r eceive thy sawle.

Oldnor ther n song over a deadcorpse.

M S . Lansdown , 103 3 , under wordF leet, quot. Hal l iwel l .

ANANTER , per ad ven tur e , in ca se , in the even t tha t . F r oman , on , o r in , andaunter , aven tur e , adven tu r e , chance . Tha tis ,

“ if per ad ven tur e .

” “ Ananter s aa get well home ,” mean s

In ca se I get well home . S ee AD VE NT E R .

ANCE , ANES , once . Yonce i s mor e common ly used , however .H e wen t ance eer and, mean s he wen t a specia l jou r ney .

AN CHOR , ANKER , the bend of a scythe , or of an adze , orother wor kman ’ s tool . Some men p r efer the angle at wh icha scythe blade is set fr om the hand le to be mor e or less acute .

H ence the d i r ect ion in fix ing a new hand le is G ive ’

or a

bit ma i r anhor ,”or

“ A b it less anhor ,”

as the ca se may be .

T he same d i r ect ion is given in fix ing a new han dle to an adze.

The wor d come, or cum, has p r ecisely the same mean ing .

ANCH ORAGE , the abode of an ancho r et or her m i t . TheAnchor age S chool at Ga teshead Chu r ch .

1 340, N ov . 14 . License g r an ted to John Wawayn , r ector of B r ancepeth , for bu i lding a cell in the chu r chyar dof S t . M a r y

’

s , Gateshead, foran anchor ess, p r ovided a conven ient place can be found for her , and ther ector of the chu r ch g ives his consent . T he name i s pr eser ved to thisday in the Anchor age S chool a ttached to Ga teshead Chu r ch .

"-R ichar d

W elford, H istory of Newcastle andGateshead, vol . i . , p . 107 .

NORTH UMBE RLAND W ORD S . I S

AND IRONS , i r on s on the hear th to suppor t bu r n ing wood .

OldF r ench , dadier .

AN E [N ] , one .

ANEAR , nea r . Dinna gan anear the wat te r . T he ket tle ’ sboi l in

’ dinna gan anear’

d.

”

ANEATH , benea th , under nea th . VVher e

’s the maiste r ?

H e’

s aneath the steeth .

ANENST , ANENT , ove r aga in st . Often spoken as nenst.

“ Thar was sar taye shipes taken fr om anens H ar tilpowll , taken byF r anchemen .

— Newcastle M unicipal Accounts, Aug , 1 563 .

ANES , once , at any one t ime . S ee AN CE .

I ne'

er yet saw the Tyne se b i gN or r unn ing anes se l ike a sea

70ek o'

the S ide.

AN G , the ha iry par t of an ear of ba r ley— pr obably a cor rupt ionof awn.

— H alliwel l’

s D iet.

ANGER -NAIL , a p iece of skin at the side of the na i l wh ichhas become sem i -detached and gives pa in . T he wor d isalways sounded ang -er not an -

ger .

ANGER-BERRY , ANGLE -BERRY , a wa r ty excr escencegr owing on the umb i licus , or scr otum , or tea t s of an an imal .These a r e h ighly va scu la r andea si ly hu r t .

Among old people in Nor thumber land, as a t Whelp ington , ang leber ryis the name o f a vetch p r obab ly becau se i t angles o r ca tches holdand

cl ings to plan ts or sh r ubs str onger andtal ler than i tself. — Hodgson M S

ANGOR T (p r onounced ang -or t) , anger ed .

M e mu thor'

s ba i r ns gat angor t at u s.—J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, S ang

0’

S olomon , Newcastle ver si on , ch . i . , v . 6 .

ANGRY (ang -ry) , inflamed o r pa inful , as a suppu r at ing sor e .

M e fing r’

s beeldin’aa

’

s fla id— it leuks se ang ry.

ANKISH , anx ious .

ANKLET , ancle .

W i ' anhlets shaw’

d, an'

scather ed fee t .— T . W i lson , Pitman ’

s Pay ,

1 843 , pt. i i . , v . 1 6 .

S ometimes a ga iter .— Hall iwell ’s D iet.

ANNET , the common gull , so called in Nor thumber land .

H alliwell’

s D iet.

1 6 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

ANUNDER , AN U N E R , unde r . M ind yor eye , w ill ye ?Aa

’

s gan dunner .

”

Aw sets me ways doon anunder his shada .- J . P . R obson , d. 1 870,

S ang 0’

S olomon , Nor thumber land ver sion , ch . i i v . 6 .

Ther e ’

s plen ty of coal dug fr om the deep mine , that gans th r ou gh

anunder wor r iver .-W . M i tford, Tyne Her oes ,

" Bards a] the Tyne, 1 849 ,

p 540

A-ONE , an individual , one per son .— H alliwell

’s D iet. Thor ’ s

not a -one on ye da r come .”

APOR POS E , on pu r pose . H e’s deundaporpose to myek hi sselleuk clivvor .

APPET IZE , to p r ovoke an appeti te for food .—H alliwell

’

s D iet.

APPLE -CAIR T . That ’ s upset his apple-cai r t for him , aa

th ink -that has completely stopped his proj ect .

APPLE D U M PL IN S , the grea t hai r y wi llow her b , Epi lobiunihi r sutuni . Ca lled a lso Cor r an duniplin.

APPLE SH EELY , the chaffi nch . F r ing i lla coelebs. Commonlyca lled S heely .

APRIL,APE R H IL , and APR ILE . Aper hil bor r ows th r ee

days of Ma r ch , and they ar e i ll . S ee BORROW ED DAYS .

APRIL -GOWK , an Ap r i l fool . T he cuckoo has becomesynonymous wi th jest andj oke gawk is cuckoo . Boy

“ H i,

canny man , see what ye’ve d r opt .” T he canny man tur ns

round to see , and is hailed wi th a yell , O , ye Ap r i l -gawk !as the boy r un s off.

ARAN -W E B , is a cobweb in Northumber land .— H alliwell

’

s

D iet.

ARBERS , fal lowings or ploughings of gr ound . R ay’s Collection ,

1 65 1 , pr eface. Thi s wor d is included by B r ocket t in his

glossar y , and ther e defined as“ O r der , by cour se . In

husbandr y , the arder s a r e the d ivi sion s of t i llage land set

apa r t for r egular cour ses of cr ops in successi ve year s ;or for cour ses of cropp ing in r otat ion .

” See ATH ER .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 8 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

ARNUT, the ea r th -nu t— ard-nut. The ed ible r oot of Bunium

flexuosum.

AR OON D , a r ound ; often r oondon ly .

ARR,

“a ska r , Pock-a r r s , the ma r ks made by the sma l l

pox . Th is i s a gener a l wo r d common t o both n or th and

south — R ay, 1 69 1 . Any sca r fr om a healed wound is ca l ledan ar r . H e hes an ar r on his finger .

ARRAGE , a sha r p poin t or cor ner .— M in. Gloss. , N ewcastle

Terms, 1 852 .

ARSE -LOOP , a sea t or wide Ioop in a r ope or cha in in wh icha man is slung when r epa i r ing or wor king in a pit

-Shaft .

ARTH , ea r th , the ea r th . In S . No r thumber land it i s ye-ar th oree-a r th.

AR -WO -H AY , a car tman’s term to his hor se to Steady .

ASIDE, beside . S it doon aside us , hinney .

ASIDEN, beside . “ S he wis si t t in ’

asiden him .

ASK, a wa ter newt , a l iza r d . T he newt i s usually ca lled a

wa t ter ask,”as d i st inguished fr om a dr y ask.

”

S nakes andneder es thar he fand,

Andg r et b lac tades gangand,

Andar shes andother wormes fe l le .

Ta le of a U sur er .

”-M etr ica l Homi l i es (ci r .

In the da r ksome depths of the pool is the water newt , Lacer ta aquatica ,

wh i le the n imble l i ttle for m of h is much p r ettier compan ion , the l i zard,

Lacer ta ag i l i s , is seen amongst the heather and shr ubs on the hi ll . A

popu lar bel ief once p r eva i led that these harmless l i tt le r epti les wer ev ;enomous both a r e known unde r the local name of the ‘Ask.

-D . D .

D ixon , Vale of Whittingham,1 887 , p . 39 .

ASKLENT , a slan t .

ASPER ,r ough , fier ce . In OldEngli sh Asper aunt i s used . In

the L ife of Wallace i t i s : “ In A sper speech the Per sye thengan spea r .

— Book v . p . 67 . (Obs.)

ASS , ashes fr om a fi r e.

ASSAY ! (I say) , a common exclama t ion .“ Assay I wha t ar e

ye dein ther e ?”

ASS -H W OL E , an ash-hole , a r eceptacle for ashes .

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S . 19

ASS -M IDDEN , ASS -P IT , an ash heap .

ASS IL -TREE , an axle . S ee A IX E L .

ASS I L -TYE U T H , a gr inder or molar tooth .

AST , a sked .

AS T AR N , aster n .— R iver side term.

AST ITE , j ust as soon , as l ief. Aa wadastite stop where aa is ,“ Ye

’

dastite gan W iv u s . S ee ST ITE , T ITE .

ASTON IED , aston i shed .

AS T R ID D L E , ast r ide .

AT , tha t . T he a i s pr onounced ve r y sho r t , andthe wor d soundsa lmost l ike i t. “ Them at

’s gan up .

”H e

’

s se st r ang at hecan l ift a seck 0

’ floor .

AT ,

’

at . A wor n down form of that, per haps fr om o ldNo r se at (u sedin pr ecisely the same senses) , pe r haps independently developed in theNor ther n dia lect , in wh ich i t was ver y common in 1 4

-1 5 th centu r ies ;r ar e , even in S cottish wr iter s , after 1 500 ; bu t sti l l i n r egu lar u se in

Nor ther n dialect speec — D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . D iet.

AT,somet imes used as for . What a r e ye stann in

’ ther e at P

I t i s used in thi s sen se in S i r Gawayne. S ee H all iwelt’

s D iet.

AT ANES , AT YE N CE , at once . Yen— one. Yence— once.

A t ans a l le thr e he tok.

Cu r sor M undi .

AT E L

'

IN , a yetl ing , or yetlin . Th is wor d occur s in one of the

old pa r ish books of Hexham , da te 1 702 . In a l ist of pla teand other p r oper ty belonging to the chu r ch occur s “

a coffinto bu r y poo r people . I tm . an atelin in the Abbey g r ea tki tchen .

ATH ER , an adde r . A thery-l ike, l ike an adder . S ee ETH ER .

“ T he eel , when cr awl ing among the g r ass , has a ver y ‘atthery

- l ihe’

look.

”— R ichardHowse , N at. H is. Tr ansue. , vol x 1 890, p . 33 1 .

ATH ER , a field . Befor e the common s enclosur es , the t i llageland was d i v ided in to “ fields . Each field con sisted of a

g r ea t number of scat ter ed st r ips or“ ya r d lands . T he

Ea st field ,” “West field ,

” “ No r th field ,”

or other namesgiven , r ep r esen ted gr oups of d iffe r en t fr eeholds— each ownerhavi ng yar d lands in a ll the “ A ther s,

”or

“ fie lds . T he

object of thi s d ist inct ion in the g r ouping of the freeholds into

20 NORTH UMB ERLAND WORD S .

“ fields ” was t o a rr ange for a r ota t ion of cr ops . Thus , theEa st field being fa l low ,

the West field would be under oa t s ,the N or th field under whea t , and so on in annua l r ota t ion .

(Obs.)" In the coun ty o f Nor thumber land, speaking of thei r system of

hu sbandr y , they say they have thei r ti llage land in th r ee or fou r A lber soats , fal low , wheat , or oats.

”— HodgsonM S .

A-TH I S - S IDE , on thi s s ide of.

ATOM Y , NOT OM Y , an excessively th in per son . H e’

s justa bit atomy , or H e just l ike an atomy .

”

Q ueen M ab D r awn with a team of l ittle atomies.— R omeo andyul iet,

act i sc. 4 .

AT OPA , AT OPON , on the top of. “ Yor fethor’

s atapa thehay

-stack. Wha t he ’

ye atopa yor heed“ A tapan an

aadhoose .

AT T ACKT E D , at tacked . I t is ver y commonly used in N ewcastle .

Attack’

d-ed attacked, a common par ticiple her e , butmor e extensivelyu sed, I am told, in Amer ica .

”— Hal liwel l .

ATTERCOP , OT T E R COP . Thi s wor d , says the R ev . JohnH odgson , mean s a spider ’ s web . A .S . A ttbr coppa , a spide r .M r . M or r i s (Specimens of E a r ly E ng lish, p . 403) says tha t

“ i t

sign ifies l i ter a l ly poi son cup, fr om attor , otter , poi son , and

cuppa , a cup. Cob-web (OldEngli sh copweft) r eta in s the lastsyl lable on ly of the or igina l wor d . In some of the Teuton icd ialect s , the Spider is cal led a hoppe, on accoun t of its ca rr yinga bag .

” A town sh ip in Redesda le is ca lled A tter cops, andM r .

B r ockett th inks it der i ves i ts name “ per haps because in wa rm ,

hazy wea the r , in September , the gr ass and spa r ty gr ound issilver ed over wi th gossamer , or cobweb s . T he name is noww r i t ten Otter caps, bu t in olddocumen t s A lter topps or A lti r cops.T he wo r d , accor d ing to D r . Mur r ay , OldEngl ish , A ttor coppafr om a

’

tor , attor , poi son , and coppa , der i va t i ve of cap, top ,summ i t , r ound head , or copp ,

cup, vessel in r efer ence to thesupposed venomous p r oper ties of sp ider s . Compa r e a lsoDutch spinne-cop, sp ider ,

”andCOB-W E B , for mer ly eap-wehbe ;

whence i t appea r s p r obable tha t the Simp le coppa was i tself“ sp ider .” 1 st, a sp ider ; 2nd, figur a t i vely , app l ied to a

venomous , ma l ignan t per son 3 rd, m isappl ied to a sp ider ’ sweb .

— N ew E ng . D iet. I t is con sidered ver y unlucky toki ll spider s .

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S . 2 1

AT VVE E , in two , a sunder .

Enough to r ive atwee the hea r t. —ThomasW i lson , The P i tma i'

s Pay ,

1 826 p . i i . , v . 1 7 .

ATWEEN , between . Aa’

ve many a t ime seen her hadd inher heed atween her hands .

I t was atween Hebbu r n and Jar r ow, thor came on a vat r y str anggale .

— S ong , L i ttle Pee D ee.

ATW IX , betwixt . H e was a twix an a tween the twe

AT -YE N CE , AT -YANCE, a t once .

AUD , old. S ee AAD .

AU K E R T awkwar d .

AU M BL ING , walking .

Teach h im aumbl i ng by the handTi ll he his paces under stand.

"

f ew-S er ious D iscou r se, 1685 , p . 67 .

AU W E R T , awkwar d , a thwar t , as a sheep on its back unableto r i se . Th is is p r obably the same as over -thwar t. Compa r eAW E LT .

On tham gangT o andfr a , aver

-thewr t andendlangHampole , d. 1 349 , The Pr icke of Conscience, M or r is, l ine 8582 .

AVE L INGE S ,in an oblong

, or o va l shape ; bu t possi blyappl ied a lso to a p iece taper ing a t each end. M aj o r M oo rsays , Wor kmen— r eaper s or mower s— appr oach ing the s ideof a field not per pend icular or pa r a llel to the i r l ine of wo r k ,w ill ha ve an unequa l po r tion to do ; the excess o r deficiency ,is ca lled avel long wor k.

”— H alliwell’

s D iet. under Avelong .

T he avelong her e would appea r to be the gor e o r t r iangu la rshaped p iece left a fter wor king squar e

'

in the field , and it

suggests tha t a p iece of cloth cu t avelinges may possiblybe a squa r e p iece cut d iagonal ly fr om cor n e r to co r ner , so a sto make two t r iangula r -shaped p ieces . “ I w i ll tha t on myday of bu r ial be g i ven th i r teen g r ey gown s t o th i r teen poo rwomen , andeach to ha ve ha lf a ya r d of linen cloth cu t avel i nges,in stead of hoods , wh ich I have r eady made .

”— B a r hain Wi llsBa r ba r a Thomlinson , 1 577 .

— Quoted , R . Welfor d , H ist. ofN ewe. ,

X VI . Cent. , p . 507 . T he appa r en t u se of the half ya r d of

l inen cloth is for the wh i te sca r f or shawl , wor n at fune r a lsby poo r women to the p r esen t day.

22 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

AVER , a bea st of bu r den , a d r aught ox , or hor se ; hence ,special ly a hor se used fo r hea vy wor k, a ca r t hor se : and in

la ter usage in N or thumber land d ialect an old o r wor thlesshor se ; 1 69 1 Blount L aw D ictiona ry , under wor d Afi r i (tr ansl .Spelman) . In Nor thumber land , to th i s day, they ca ll a dullor Slow hor se a false aver or afer .

— D r . M ur r ay , N ew E ng . D iet.

Aver acr es andOver acr es occu r as field names in sever al par t sof No r thumber land .

They have pastu r e ther e for 100 sheep ; and 30 aver s or hor nedcattle , andfou r hor ses — Hexham Cha r tu la ry , fol io 1 4 b . and 1 5 .

Ca r r yi ng ser vices a r e fami l ia r in manor ial r ecords u nder the name ofaver ag ium.

— S eebohm , Ear ly Vi l lage Communi ties, p . 247 .

Fr om old Fr ench avei r , aver ; moder n Fr ench avoi r , possession ,

pr oper ty , stuff , stock ,

’

cattle , domestic an ima ls , beasts of bu rden l iter al lyhaving , ’ substantive u se of avei r , avoi r . Latin , habé r e, to have .

"— N ew

E ng . D i et.

AVER , peevi sh , N or thumber land.— H a lliwell

’

s D iet.

AVERISH , a ver age . I t ’ s oney an aver ish cr op .

AVER I SH , AVERAGE , the b r eaking of cor n fields ; edd ish ,r ough ings . —R ay

’s Collection of N or th-Country Words, 1 69 1 .

T he stubble andg r ass left in cor n afte r ha r vest— the po r tionof the aver s — B r ockett.

In these mou thes a fter the cor nue bee i nned, i t is meete to pu ttdr aughte hor sses and oxen into the aver ish .

— A r choeolog ia , xi ij., 3 79.

Q uoted, Ha ll iwell ’s D iet.

T o have , occupy, andenjoy al l such avcryshe andstowbles.— R ichard

W el ford, H i st. of Newe. , X VI . Cent. , p 368 .

AW . S ee AA and following wo r ds .

AWAR , awa r e . Shor tened often to war .

“ H e’

d getten in

afor e aa wis awar .

”

AWAY , con stan t ly used for go , or go away . Aa mun awayI must go . Let ’s away — let us go .

AWAY-GAN N IN , going away . Away-

gannin cr op, thecer ea ls belong ing to the outgoing tenan t of a fa r m .

AW E L T , AVVE L D , AW E R T , la id on the back ; said of a

Sheep when cast upon its back and unable to move . S ee

CAS S EN andA U W E R T .

S ome cau ldmor n in they’

l l fi n’

ye. I ween

L yin dwelt andfr ozen by W a’

b i ttle Dene .

James Armstr ong , Anither S ang , 1 87 2 .

NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S . 23

AWNS , the bear ds of ba r ley or whea t .

AX , to ask. In the r oya l style of assen t ing to bi lls in

P ar l iamen t , the ph r a se Be a s it is axed was used .

W ickliffe ’

s Gospel has Wha t schal I ar e P Andshe seide,

the heed of John Baptist . Chaucer a lso uses the same wo rd,

bu twe do not findi t used by Spen ser . H ence we may conclu detha t by the t ime of E lizabeth i t had been super seded in thel i ter a r y d ia lect by the p r esen t fo rm ask.

”Ash is o r ig ina lly the

no r the r n for m , bu t ax is con stan t ly used in No r thumber land .

I movedyou fi r st , my Lo rdof Can ter bu r y , axing you r l icense to pu tthis matter in qu estion .

"— Cavendish , L ife of Wolsey

AX AT CH URCH , to publ ish the bann s of ma t r imony.

AY-DI -M I a common exclama t ion exp r essi ve of r egr e t or p i ty ,P r obably sho r tened from Ah, clear we Fam il ia r ised byThoma s Ca r lyle ’ s let te r s , bu t often hea r d as a sigh exp r essedby oldpeople in No r thumber land .

A-YOU -A-H INNY , A -U -H INNY BORD , a Newca stle lullaby .I t

’

s 0 bu t aw ken wel l— A - U , hinny bard,

T he bonny lass o' Benwel l— A - U . hi nny bard,

S he'

s lang legg’dan mother l i ke , A - U . hinny bard.

S ee , she’s r aking up the dyke ,

A - U -A .

Oldsong .

A -U -A , maw bonny ba ir n ,

A - U —A , upon my a i rm ,

A - U -A thou suen may la i r nT e say dada se canny.

”

R obt . Nunn , S andgate Wife’

s Nur se S ong .

AYONT , beyondToi l andpa in ayont conceiv in .

P i tinan’

s Pay , par t ij v. 7 1 .

AYLE,a lways , a ll a long . (Obs.)

Andayle I wh istled a s I came .

G . S tuar t , 7 oco-S er ious D iscour se, 1686 .

AY-T H E -M A I R , a ll the mor e.

BAA an exclama t ion of wonde rmen t . Aa wis gan ower the

moor an ’

a gr ea t coo wis r u nn in’

mad-l ike . S he cha sed fowe ror five folk, yen efte r the other , an

’ thor wis a gr eet cr oodstann in ’

aboot . A sa ilor chep comes up ; tyeks the bea st hithe hor n s ; an

’ tor us ho r r eet on tiv hor back. An’

aa l l the

people ses‘Baa —L ocal anecdote.

BAAD Y , bawdy , lewd .

24 NORTHUMB ERLAN D WORD S .

BAAK , BALK [S . andT .] BAWK, BAULK , BOAK [W .

-T .J1 . A p iece of unploughed tur f left between the ploughedlands as a boundar y in the open town fields . T he fr eeholds ,in the system of cul ti va t ion befor e the Commons Enclosu r eAct s , wer e thus d i v ided .

T he whole ar able ar ea of an un inclosedtownship was u sually dividedup by tu r f balks into as many thou sandof these str i ps as i ts l imi ts wou ldconta in— the balks which div ide into str ips being , as the word impl ies ,simpl y two or th r ee fur r ows left unploughed between .

"— S eebohm,

Eng l i sh Vi l lage Commun ity , 1 884 , p . 3-4 .

2 . Appl ied sometimes t o the ploughed st r ip i t self.A l ittle bank near the dene , conta in ing by estimation 35 acr es .

— R .

Welford, H ist. of Newe. andGateshead, X VI . Cent . , p . 168 . S ee R E AN .

3 . A r idge or piece left unploughed by acciden t or

ca r elessness ; a piece m i ssed in plough ing .—Dr . Mur ray ,

N ew E ng . D iet.

4 . A squa r e p iece of t imber . The r oof t imbe r in a coa l -pit.W e must have either oaken spar s or fi r r bawks.

— J C . , TheCompleatColl ier , 1 708 , p . 1 5 .

5 . A r after or tie beam . In oldone-stor ey houses they wer eoften exposed andused for hanging o r placing a r t icles on .

D r . M u r r ay , N ew E ng . D iet.

6 . A r oost for a bir d .

“ T he bu r d si t s mop ing o ’

the balk,l ike somethin

’

iv a flay.— T . Wi lson , The Washing D ay ,

1 843 .

T he hen baaks a r e the hen r oosts .

7 . Whe r e the r oof of a m ine is not level , bu t comes downin to the coa l wi thout any cor r espond ing depr ession of the

th i l l , thus causing a n ip (ca lled a lso a r oll, or hor seback) , or ,

wher e the coa l seam is cu t off w ith a wa sh .

8 . To “ lay to the balks is used metaphor ically to denote a

disuse of any implemen t or inst r umen t.

BAAK S , or “ BALKS AND BREDS , beam and sca les forweighing .

BAAKY , a p iece of wood w i th r ope a t tached put r ound a cow ’ sneck to tie he r up to the stake . T he wood is a lso ca lled a

“ ba ikie-st ick ”and the r ope a

“ ba ikie-tow .

”

BAAL , to bawl .

BAAL , BAA [S . and T .J , BO [W . a ball . “ Buy the

ba i r n a stottin’-baal .

BAAL-PYET, ba ld pate.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

26 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

BACK , to fi ll in the space beh ind the r ings of cr ibbing in a

pit-shaft . S ee BACK ING -D EALS .

T he sinking“ was cr ibbedandbacked, andthen wal led.

—Bor ings andS inkings , A .B . , p . 10.

BACKBOARD , or BAKEBOARD , a pa ste or baking boa r d .

BACK -BY , j u st beh ind . Away fr om the face of the coa lnea r er the shaft is sa id to be back-by .

BACKCAST , a r elapse , or any kind of th r owing back.

“Aa

wis get t in ’

n icely bet ter , bu t aa’

s beda sa i r backcast.”

BACK-END , the annexe at the back of a house .

BACK-END ,

“ the par t of a judd left in the wor king place of

a pit after the sump is br ought down .— M in. Gloss., N ewe.

Terms, 1 852 .

BACK -END,autumn . La st back-end, last autumn .

BACK E R L Y , backwa r d , la te in sea son . The tormi ts is

va r r y backer ly thae’

ea r .

”

BACK -GAN N IN , a r et r ograd ing in ci r cumstances or hea l th .

BACKING -DEALS , dea ls placed beh ind cr ibs to keep backloose st r a ta .

— Gloss. of N ewe. M in. Terms, 1 852 . S ee BACK , 4 .

BACK -O -BE YONT , of an unknown d istance. S ee ABACK-A

B E YONT .

BACK -OVERM AN , an overman who has the immed ia teinspect ion of the wo r kings and wor kmen dur ing the backshi ft . —Coal T r ade Gloss. , 1 849.

T he back-overman super intends the managemen t of the pit fr om the

time the overman leaves un ti l 5 o’

clock in the even ing , when thé pit is

sa id to loose or stop wor k.— D r . R . W i lson , Coal M i ner s, Dur ham and

Nor thumber land.

BACK -OWER , a r etu r n back.

“ H e cam back-ower tiv u s . Afal l backwar ds H e wen t back-ower .

”

BACK-SH IFT . T he for e-sh ift andback-shift a r e the fi r s t and

second shi ft s of hewer s tha t go down the pit. S ee FORE -S H I FT .

NORTHU MBERLAN D W ORD S . 27

BACK-S IDE , the back p r em ises of a house or bui lding . B i llyPu r v is used to invi te the cr owd fr om his fr on t stage to en terh is show , adding : “ Them ’

at d issen t l ike to wa ak ower thestage can come in b i B i l ly’ s backside. T he backside of a

chu r ch is the nor th side . Bur ia ls former ly wer e on ly madeon the south side .

N icholas W ar d, un for tunately smoordto dea th in S i nking for a dr awwe l l i n h is father

’

s back-side, 1oth Feb r uar y, 1 7 16 .— S har p , Chr onicon

M i r able.

In the books of the Fol ly W ater W or ks Company, Newcastle , is the

fol lowing entr y : R obt . Attkinson cu tt himsel fe off , hauv ing sunok a

well in his back-side, at M ichas , 1 7 1 7 , wch . supply’

s h ime .

"— M ackenz ie ,

H ist. of Newe. , p . 7 25 , note.

W hi le shewer edr unken— she lefther left foot shoe upon M r .Ander son'

s

bac-syd when she cl imbed over the wal .

"— R . W elford, H ist. ofNewe. , X VI . Cent. , p . 3 89

As up Jenny'

s backside we wer e bang in ,

K i Geordy , H ow ! wher e ar e ye gann in

S ong ,B ob Cr anky

’

s’

S i ze S unday .

A llan’

s Col lection , 1 863 , p . 3 1 7 .

BACK -SKIN , a st r ong hide or co ve r ing wo r n on the back bysinker s and men in pumping pi ts or wet places . A back-shinwas a lso wor n by a putter ’ s “ foa l ” as a p r otect ion when hehad to th r ust back aga in st a loaded co r f in its descen t of an

incl ine in a pit.

BACKSTER , BAXTER , a baker .

BACKSTONE . S ee E A R S TON E .

BACK-U P , t o subscr ibe . We’ ve caa led to see if ye ’

l l

back-up the l ist .” To suppor t . “ I f ye ’ll j ust gan on , noo ,

we ’

ll back-

ye up.

BACKUS , the back-house , or wash-house , or more gener a llybake-house .

— H all iwell’

s D iet. as Backas.

BACKWATT E R , the st i ll or dead wa te r tha t r ises in a fieldor back place du r ing a r i ver flood ; the o ver flow fr om a m il l r ace.

BAD , i ll .

H e lucks , poor body , ver r a bad.

T .W i lson , The Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1826 , p . 1 5 .

S ometime since a pi tman w is tyen var r y bad

W . Ar mstr ong , The Gl i ster , 183 3 -4 .

T he time that me fether wis bad.

7oe Wi lson , d. 1 875 .

28 NORTHUMBERLAND WORD S .

BAD ,pa st tense of bidz bade . H e bad us b ide wher e we

wor .

BADGER , a black coaly band appr oach ing towar ds an infer iorcoar se coa l ; a term sim ila r to “ M aeket.

”— S . C . C r one ,Bor ings andS inkings, F .K . p . 1 1 1 , note.

BADGER ,

“one who buys co r n and other commod i t ies and

ca r r ies them elsewher e to sel l ; an i t iner an t dea ler , who acts asm idd leman between p r oducer (far mer , fi sherman , &c.) and

con sumer ; a cadger , hawker , or huckster . St ill common inthe d ialects .

”— D r . M u r r ay , N ew E ng . D iet. Th is wo r d i s

given by B r ockett , bu t is now pr obably a l together obsolete inNor thumber land .

BADLY i ll , somewha t unwell . She ’ s nobbut badly , poorbody .

BADLY -OFF , poor , in wan t .

BAD -M AN , the devil . I f ye gan on so the bad-man’

ll get ye .

S ee AAD’

U N .

BAD -MAN ’S OATM EAL , the flower andseed of the hemlock,Coniummaculatum. S ee DEED -MAN ’ S OATM EAL .

BAD -WEATH ER-G E OR D Y , a name by which the cockleseller is known .

As the season at wh ich cockles ar e in g r eatestdemandis gener al ly the

most stormy in the year— S eptember to M a r ch— the sa i lor s

’

wives at theseapor t towns of No r thumber land and Du r ham cons ider the cr y of the

cockle man as the har b inge r of bad wea ther , and the sa i lo r , when he

hea r s the cr y of ‘cockles a l ive ,

’

in a dar k wintr y n ight , concludes that

a storm is at hand, and b r eathes a p r ayer , backwards , for the sou l o f‘BadWeather -Geordy.

’ — S . Ol iver , R ambles inNor thumber land, 183 5 , p . 207 .

BAER , BEAR , a blacksm ith's tool for punch ing holes in i r on .

T o R ober t Th ickpenny, h is ser vant , a pa i r of bel lows , a for e hammer ,

a nai l hammer , and a baer .— Wi ll of R d. Hogg . of Newcastle, blacksmi th .

Pr oved3 rdja i i uary , 1 502 .— R . W el ford, H ist. of Newe. , X VI . Cent. , p . 2 .

BAFF , blank . A p i tman , if pa id fortnight ly , speaks of the

alter nate weeks a s “the bafi

'

week ,”and “ the pay week.

T he Bafir week is o

’

er -no r epin ingPay S atu r day

’

s swift on the wingHen r y R obson ,

“ The Col l ier ’s Pay Week .

A l lan’

s Collecti on , 1 863 , p . 23 7 .

A ca rdnot a tr ump is a bafi’

one . T he par tly decayed, S pl i t , o r r oot

endof a log or tr ee of t imbe r i s a lso ca l led the bap'

end and fr om the

bafi‘ends , or other wise u seless pieces o r ends of t imber , ar e cu t haf s ,

which a r e used to keep the wooden cr ibs in position , when s inking pi ts inou r N or th-Countr y.

” —Newcastle Weekly Chr oni cle, M ay 15 , 1886 .

NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S . 29

BAFF-ENDED , b lun ted. Picks a r e sa id to be so when the

poin t s a r e off — B r ockett.

BAFFLET , a wooden mallet for ki lling sa lmon . I t i s esteemedver y un lucky to pr oduce the bafflet un ti l the fish a r e d r awnashor e .

BAG ,d i smissal . H e

’

s get t in ’

the bag means “ H e’

s been

d ismissed .

” Th i s is ju st as fr equen tly exp r essed “ get tin ’

the seek.

” T he explana t ion of thi s cu r ious ph r ase seems tobe in a r efer ence to the paymen t r eceived on dism i ssa l ,wh ich would be ca r ried in a sack, or bag . Theman d ismi ssedwould thus go off wi th bag andbaggage .

An’we maun shor tly fol low them ,

An'

tyek the bag ,maw wor thy gen tles .

Then what'll poor Newcastle dee ,

Depr ived0'

aa her or namentalsR . Gi lchr ist , BoldA r ehy.

Allan’

s Collection , p . 77 .

BAG , the paunch , the udde r of a cow.

Next to the tents 'we hied, te get

S ome stufli n 'for wor bags, man .

W . M i tford, X .Y.Z .

BAG , a cavity found occasiona lly in fier y seams of coa l ,con ta in ing h ighly conden sed gas . U sual ly ca lled “

a bag ofgas. Also , a cav i ty in a pit , fi l led wi th water , as, “

a bagof water .

”

BAGG I E , the bel ly .

BAGG I E , the st ickleback , or p r ickleback fish . Gaster osteusaculeatus, L inn .

W h ich the Nor th of Englandboys call the baggie.— Newcastle Da i ly

Chr onicle, Jan . 4 , 1 888 .

BAGG I S H , baggage .

BAGG IT -F I SH , a sa lmon on the eve of deposi ting its ova .

James A r mst r ong , The Cu r ing of S almon R oe.

BAGGOT , BAGG I S H , useless , con temptible. I t is appliedto a l it t le , v ixen ish ch i ld , or t o a wor thless man ,

“a d r unken

baggot. Come oot ye bagg ish.

”

BAGGY , cor pulen t .

BAGGY-M EN I M , the th r ee- spined st ickleback. S ee BA INS T ICKLE .

30 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

BAG IE ( the a sounded as in bay , the 9 har d) , a Swede tur n ip .

The term is never appl ied to wh i te or yellow tur n ips .Fr om R uta Baga , the S wedi sh tu r n ip .

—Note by M r . R ichardWelford

BAIDE endur ed— N or thd. H all iwell’

s D i ct. , fr om B ide.

BA IKIE -ST I CK , a p iece of wood at tached to a cow ’ s neck.

BA IKIE -TOW , a rope for ty ing up a cow.

BA I L , BALE , a signa l of a lar m , a bon -fir e .— B r ockett.

BAIL IWICK , the l im i t s wi th in wh ich a ba i liff of the dukeexer cises jur isdiction .

— Newbur n Bai liwick, &c.

BAIN S T ICKL E , the th r ee-spined stickleback. Gaster osteus

aeuleatus, L inn.

BA I RN , a chi ld . T he power of a homely wor d is in no casemor e exemplified than in the u se of the wo r d bai r n . I t is ful lof a ffect ionate tender ness , and whether used in oldba l lad orin the folk- Speech of the p r esen t day it equa lly b r ea thes a spi r i tof yea r n ing love for the l i tt le folk . A bi t bai r n or a bai r nie is

a l i tt le ch i ld . T he pr onuncia tion is somet imes lengthened ,and a mother is hear d to call “ Gan up to the or

M ind the baior inW her e hest te been , maw canny h inny ?

Wher e hest te been , maw bonny ba i r nS ong , M aw Canny H inny .

A llan'

s Collecti on , p . 284 .

BA I RN I SH , chi ld ish .

BA I RN ’S -PLAY , ch ild’ s -play .

BA I RN -TEAM , b r oods of ch i ldr en , as they expound it tome .

— R ay’

s Glossary , under Bear nteams.

BAI R S E , BAISE ,the space for p r ovender in a cow sta l l .

BAIR S E , BAE R S E ,imper tinen t , impuden t .

BAI S E L [N .] to bustle about , to exer t oneself her e andther e .

A’m baiselin ma sel ta get dyun i

’ t ime te ca tch the t r a in .

”

BA I ST ,to beat . S ee BASTE .

H e paidgood R obin back andside ,Andba i st h im up anddown

Andwi th his pyke-staff laidon loud,Til l he fell in a swoon .

"

R obin Hood, i . , 102 , quotedby Hal l iwel l .

NORTH U MB ERLAN D W ORD S . 3 1

BAIT ,to feed . H adaway bait the hor ses .

BAIT , food ; BA IT-POKE ,food bag .

W i th a tin bottle ,fu l l of coldwater or tea . a piece of b r ead, which is

ca l led his ba i t, the hewer says good-bye to his wi fe , and speeds off to

wo r k .

"— D r . R . W i lson , Coal M iner s of Nor thumber landandDu r ham.

Aw pu t the ba it-poke on at eight ,

W i’

sar k andhogger s , l ike ma b r other s ,T . W i lson , Pitman '

s Pay , pt. i i v . 1 1 .

BAIT , the longi tud inal d i r ect ion of wood , the g r ain , as i t i s

ca lled . A fter wood has pined i t is sa id , “ You can see the

bait”— tha t is , the gr a in has become visible .

BAIT IE S , fishe r gi r ls who ga ther ba i t .

BAKE -ST ICKS . S ee B EAK -S T I C K S .

BAKIN , the number of loa ves baked for a household at one

t ime .

“ A bakin o ’

b r eed .

”

BAK S T ON E , a flat stone used for baking oat-cakes , &c.

T he bakstone was often th r ee or fou r feet in diameter , capable of

holding two cakes , and fixed upon th r ee or fou r low pi l la r s : the g irdlewas less and l ighter , and u pon an i r on tr ipod, ca l led a b r andr eth .

Hodgson ,Nor thumber land, pt . ij. , vol . ij., p . 306 , note.

BALD -COOT ,BAL -POOT , or BELL -POOT , the coot .

F ulica atr a , L inn.

BALK , a beam . S ee BAAK .

BALL , the cha r ge fr om a puddling fu r nace , a lso the fusedmater ials fr om an a lka li maker ’s ba lling fu r nace.

BALL , a nodule . I r on stone balls.

B r own th i l l mixedwith post balls.— Bor i ngs andS inki ngs, A.R p . 146 .

BALL -FURNACE , the fur nace used for fusing a m ixtu r e of

l imestone , coal , and sulpha te of soda , in a lka l i wor ks .

BALLANT , a ballad .

Aw l ikeda ballant or a bu ik .

"—T . W i lson , Pitman’

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i . ,v . 101 .

BALLINGER , the ancien t name for a vessel ca r r ying aboutfor ty men ,

act ing in a fleet , appa r en tly , a s a fr iga te. (Obs .)Ever y g r eat ship mu st have attending upon him a ba r ge and a

ball inger . R . Welford, Newe., X V. Cent. , p . 305 .

32 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

BALL-M ONEY , money demanded of a mar r iage company andgi ven to pr even t thei r being ma l t r ea ted . In the Nor th , i t iscustoma r y for a par ty to a t tend a t the chur ch gates , after a

wedd ing , to enfor ce th i s cla im . T he gi ft has r eceived thi sdenom ina tion , as being or iginally designed for the pur chaseof a football .— B r oclcett, 3 rd. ed., p . 23 .

BALN -STONE , r oof stone in a pi t. S ee BARN - S T YE N .

BAND ,the st r ing by which the old sp inn ing wheel was d r iven .

To keep the band in the n ick is an expr ession used todenote abili ty to con tinue in any given way.

BAND , a th in layer of stone or shale inter str atifiedwi th coa l .Somet imes appl ied to a th in st r atum of any kind fr om halfan inch to six inches in thickness . Compa r e G I RDLE .

BAND , a b r oad flat hinge .

BAND -GANNER , the sheld r ake , Tador na belouzi , R ay. Th i sbi r d has a band of r usty r ed colou r , and flies wi th grea tspeed— hence its name.

BAN D IS H , a bandage.

BANDOLEERS , car touche boxes wi th lea ther sling bands .

(Obs.)Pd. one pa ir e of bandelear s, 2s. —GatesheadChur ch Books

,1634 .

Pd. for tower pa i r of new bandaleer s with bellts str ings and baggs ,

7s.-The same, 1669.

Also var iously in same , bandaleryes, bandeler aws.

BANDSTER , a sheaf binder in the har vest field .

BAND -STONE , the stone immed ia tely ove r laying the coa lat the shaft and p r ojecting in to it.— B r oekett. S ee BARNS T YE N .

BAN D W IN , BAN D SW IN , a band of six r eaper s occupyinga man to bind after them . S ix a r e usual ly as many as a

bandste r can conven ien t ly bind after .

BANDY , t r aver sed by bands. S ee BAN D , 2 .

Hard scar e bandy coal .”— Bor i ngs andS inkings, A .B . , p . 163 .

Coal , fou l , scar ed, bandy .—The same, p . 66 .

BANE [N .] a bone.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

34. NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORDS .

BANG IN , lar ge andj ol ly , as a bang in’

lass .

W o r bu siness dii in , wor p itcher tu im ,

J ack ou t h is p r ivate bottle dr ew,

Andwi’

a bang i n’

glass 0’r um ,

W e fini shed off as i t str uck two

T . W i lson ,P i tman ’

s Pay , 1829 , pt . i i i . , v . 74 .

BAN IS TY , or BE N I S T Y, anyth ing done secr et ly . What i sfor b idden , or banned ,

”is termed “ done under banisty.

”

BANK, an incl ine , a steep r oad or str eet . Butcher Bank, Byker

Bank, Lang Bank, Sa ltwell Bank, S odhou se Bank, Fo r thBank, &c.

BANK , the sur face , or top , of the pit .

“ At bank.

You ar e to buy in a stock of hor ses to dr aw your coals to bank

(or day) ou t of the pit.”— Compleat Coll ier , 1 708 , p . 32 .

BANK-OUT,to teem the coa ls in to a heap as they a r e drawn ,

in stead of in to the waggon s — Coal T r ade Gloss. , 1 849.

BANKSIDE, the side of a slope . T he Bankside

”in N ew

ca sfle.

BANKSM AN , the man who has con t r ol of the Shaft top . H e

r egula tes the descen t of the p i tmen , lands the coal s at the topof the pit , d r aws the full tub s fr om the cages , and r ep lacesthem wi th empty ones . H e a lso puts the ful l tubs to thescr een s , and teems the coa ls .

T he Banck’

s-man , or he that gu ides the sledge hor se , has an emptyS ledge to set the loaden cor fe on .

— Compleat Col l i er , 1 708 , p . 36.

BANKY , having many bank s . A banky r oad is a r oad wi thmany h i l ls , or ups anddown s .

BANN I E L S , baggage. H e’s off wi

’

aa his banniels.

BANNOCK , a th ick cake of oaten or ba r ley mea l kneaded w ithwater .

T he word is adopted fr om Gael ic baunach , quer y an adaption of Latinunicium, formedon panis , b r ead.

”— D r M u r r ay , N ew E ng . D i et.

A th ick cake hak’

t befor e the fi r e.— G . S tuar t , yam-S er iousD iscou r se,

Newcastle , 1 686 , p . 62 .

BANTY , BAN T L IN , a ban tam .

BAP , a baker ’ s r oll . A penny bap is a penny r oll .

BAR , p.t. of bear . H e bar up l ike a man .

NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 35

BAR ,naked . H e wis iv his ba r skin .

BARBER-EEL , the vivipar ous blenny , Z oar ces vivipar us, Cuvier

BAREBACKS , tu r n ips wi th the tops cu t off.

BARFIT , bar e-footed , shoeless and s tockingless .

BARGA IN , a p iece of wor k t o be done at a cer tain p r ice .

N ewe. M in . Gloss. , 1 852 . Specia l wo r k let by p r oposa l ,amongst the wo r kmen at a coll ier y , to the lowest offer .

In lead min ing ,

“ M iner s gener al ly take a cer ta in leng th of g r ound,extending e ither twelve , fi fteen , or twen ty fathoms , in wh ich they p r oposeto r ai se or e , for a fixed time , at so much per b ing , according to the

r ichness. qual ity, or hardness of the mine. These ba r ga i ns ar e taken in

par tner ships , consisting of fr om two to eight men .

"— M ackenz ie , Hist. ofNor thumber land, 1 825 , vol . i . , p . 100.

BARGAIN -M E N , men who wor k by the bar gain at specialwo r k , such as stone or coal d r ift ing , r ol leyway making , &c.

BARGE-DAY , or BARGE -THURSDAY . Ascension -D ay,on wh ich the M ayo r andCor por a t ion of N ewca stle , wi th theM a ste r and E lder B r eth r en of the Tr in i ty H ouse , in thei rr espective Sta te ba r ges , r owed over the t ida l l im i t s of ther iver Tyne fr om the Spa r H awk t o H edwin St r eams , w ithinwh ich the Co r por a tion of N ewcastle cla imed r ight to the soilof the r iver . As an annua l custom th i s has been abandoned ,bu t is now ca r r ied out at longer in ter vals wi th l i t tle of the

ancien t pomp andpagean t r y wh ich former ly cha r acter ised i t.Compar e G ANG-W EE K .

0 wou ld the Tyne but cease to flow,

O r , l ike a sma l l bu r n , b ubble

Ther e wou ldnot be a ba rge-day now ;

N or we have al l th is tr ouble ;B ut her e , alas , we sa i l ing r oamAbou t i ts conser vation ,

Insteadof sleeping safe at home0 what a Cor po r ation !

R . G i lchr i st , 1 835 ,A N ew S ong for the Barge-D ay.

Bards of the Tyne, p . 398.

BAR -GUEST . T he B r ag andthe Bar -ghaist ar e both of themlocal “ boggles . S ee G U E S T , G EYE ST , andB RAG .

Barghest. Also bargha ist, guest, ghost, gest, ga ist [per haps adapted fr omGerman ber g

-

geist, moun ta in demon , gnome ; bu t by S cott r efer r ed to

German bahr e, b ier , hea r se , and by other s to German ba r , bea r , withr efer ence to its al leged for m] . A gob lin , fabled to appea r in the shape of

a lar ge dog , wi th var iou s hor r i ble cha r acter istics , and to por tendimminent death or misfor tune.

"— D r . M u r r ay, N ewE ng . D iet.

36 NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S .

BAR ING , in a quar r y , the super ficial deposi t s or othe r bedstha t ha ve t o be bar ed or r emoved .

- Hugh M i ller , Geology ofOtter bur n andE lsdon.

—Geolog ical S ur vey M emoir , 1887 .

BAR I SH ,scan ty , r a ther bar e . T he cupboar d wis bar ish.

Thor wis a bar ish ma r ket the day.

”H e

’

s bar ish O’ b r ass the1100.

BARK , a cyl ind r ical r eceptacle for candles ; a candle -box . Atfi r st it was on ly a p iece Of bar k nai led up again st the wall .H alliwell

’

s D iet.

BARK , t o ab r ade the skin .

BARK , a badcough .

BARKEN , BAR CL E , to clot , to har den .

“ L et the bloodbar ken on the sa r e ; it saves pla ister s . Gener ally used inconnect ion wi th the coagu lat ion of b lood .

BARKER , a tanner .“ T he Incor por a ted Company of Bar ker s

or Tanner s in N ewcastle.

”

(Obs.)

BAR KH AAM,

a d r aught -hor se’ s collar . S ee BRA ’AM andB R I H AM .

BARLEY , to claim . T he wor d is used in a cur ious sense,a lmost always by ch i ld r en in play . T he expr essions , “ H e

bar leyed tha t sea t ,” “ Aa bur leyed the shul ,

” mean that atsight of the a r t icles one has been fi r st to cr y out ,

“ Bar leyme tha t sea t , or tha t shovel .

”T he fi r st to do so has a r ight

to the u se of the ar t icle named , and it is a poin t of honou ramong lads to acknowledge andgive place to the one so doing.

BARLEY-BAY, BARLEY -FAA

, or BARLEY -FAA -AN’

KING ’S SPEECH , a pa r ley or t r uce ; a tempor a r y su spen

sion of a game. T he wor ds always mean tha t the speakerwi shes the game to stop un t i l some po in t of o r der i s settled .

In the N ew E ng . D ict., bar ley is sa id to be“ per haps a cor r upt ion

of F r ench par lez , Engl i sh par ley . Thi s defin i t ion exactlycor r esponds to the loca l u se of the wor d . To ba r ley a thingi s to speak fi r st for i t. Compar e BAR LEY above .

BARLEY-DUGGAR , a cake made of bar ley meal . Cal leda lso Bar ley

-dick.

BAR M E K IN , or BAR N E K IN . a for tifi ed wa ll about a peeltower or castle.

— H odgson M S .

“ T he ou termost war d of a castle , within wh ich the bar ns , stables ,cowhouses, &c. , wer e placed.

"—Hal liwell ’s D i et.

NO RTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 37

BARN -S T YE N , the r oof of the pit a t the en t r ance of the

wo r kings .

Wor nose with in the bar n-siyen set."— T . W i lson , F ith ian

’

s Pay , pt. i i .

1 827 , v . 3 1 .

BARRAS , obsolete for m of bar r ace, fr om the OldF r ench bar r as,

f. bar r e ba r , a bar r ier o r outwo r k in fr on t of a for t r ess , the barof a t r i buna l a hind r ance o r obst r uction , the enclosur e with inwh ich kn ightly encoun ter s took place ; the l ists . T he wor din Ba r r as B r idge in Newca st le i s appa r en tly der ived fr om the

l ist s, or bar r as, wher e kn ightly encoun ter s took place outside

the town in open field . Both ancien t spel ling and tha t sur erguide , the folk-speech , p r eser ve to u s the wor d bar r as, not thebar r ows (or gr aves of the leper s) , as a last cen tur y an t iquar yingen iously sur mi sed .

BARRA -S TYE N , the stones of the fi r eplace t o wh ich the ba r sa r e fixed ; the stone sea t in an

“ ingle n euk . Th i s wasfr equen tly a d isused and inver ted cr eein t r ou or

“ bea r

stone .

”

BARRATER , a b r awler . (Obs.)For bar r atter s or disorder ly per sons .

”— P r esentmen ts of Offences

committed in the pa r ish of Gateshead— R d. W elford, H i st. of Newe. and

Gateshead, X VI . Cent. , p . 458 .

BAR R IE D , buried .

Her e a’

wor ba i r ns may chr istendbe ,

W or lads and lasses mar r iedAndwhen at last we dr oop anddee ,

Her e we may a'

be bur n ed.

T. W i lson , O i l ing of D ccky’s Wig , 1826 , v 5 2 .

BARR I ER , a st r ong p i lla r of coa l left be tween two r oya lties ,or between two d ist r icts of wor kings , for secu r ity again stcasual ty arising from wa ter or foul a i r .

BARR I ES , ber r ies .

BARRIN -OOT. S ee N I CHOLAS D AY.

BAR R OVV, in a pit, th e sledge , or t r am , on wh ich cor ves wer eha lled.

”

BARROW-COAT , BAR R ICOAT , an in fan t’ s first unde r d r ess .

38 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

BARROW-M AN , a putter ; one who puts the tubs of coalsfr om the wor king p laces to the cr anes , flat s , or stat ion s ,whence they a r e taken by hor ses a long the main or r ol leyways to the shaft .— Gloss. of Coal T r ade, 1 849 . T he ter mbar r ow-man i s ver y old, for in a lea se of five m ines in the

Manor of Whickham , by B i shop H a tfield , in 1 3 56 ,“cynq

ba r r owemen”

- five ba r r ow-men— a r e men tioned .

Tr ams in a pit wer e former ly wor kedby pu tter s and bar r ow-men , the

latter pu l l ing befor e , andthe former pu tting or th r u sting behind: boys

abou t fi fteen or S ixteen year s o ldar e employed in th is depa r tment of thecol l ier y.

— A Descr iption of Fel l ing Coll i ery pr evious to M ay 25 , 1 8 1 2 , bythe R ev . John Hodgson .

Ther e is another sor t Of labou r er s which ar e cal led Bar r ow-men , or

Coal -Pu tter s , these per sons take the hewedcoal fr om the hewer s as theywor k them , or as fast a s they can , and fi l l ing the cor ves w i th these

wr ough t coals , pu t or pu l l away the fu l l cor ves of coa ls , wh ich a r e set ,

when empty. upon a sledge of wood, and so hal led"al l a long the

bar r ow-way to the pi t shaft by two or th r ee per sons , one befor e andanother behind the cor fe .

" —J C . , Compleat Coll ier , 1 708 , p . 36 .

BARROW -PIG , a cast r ated boar .

BARROW-WAY ,

“an old ter m for t r amway , or iginally fr om

the t ime when the coa ls wer e br ought out fr om the wo r kingsi n ba r r ows . — M in . Gloss. N ewe. Terms, 1 852 .

Cor ves a r e set upon a sledge of wood, and so bal led" al l a long the

bar r ow-way to the pit shaft .

”— J C . , Compleat Col l ier , 1 708 , p . 36 .

BARRY , t o bu r y

A cor p they'

r e gaun to bar ry.

" —T . W i lson , Captains andthe Q uayside,1 843 .

BARRY , to th r ash co r n .

BARTLE -KNOT , the knot nea r est the g r ound in st r aw .

BA-SANG ! M A-SANG ! a common exclama t ion . Ba -sang .

’

bu t he ’

l l get it het noo .

BASEL , to r un in a hu r r ied and labo r ious manner . S ee

BAI S E L .

BASELER , a per son who takes car e of neat ca t t le . - B r ockett.

S ee BAI S E L .

BASH , t o d r ive o r d in t w i th v iolence.

“ Aa bashed me heedaga in the top .

”H i , canny man , ye

’ ve bashed yor hat.

S he bashedthe door i ’ me fyece .

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 39

BASH , a hea vy blow tha t beat s o r smashes in a su r face .— D r .

M u r r ay , N ew E ng . D iet.

BAS L AR D , a long dagger , gener a lly wor n suspended fr om the

gi r d le . H all, H en r y V I .

, folio 101 , men t ion s “a souther ne

byl to conter vayle a n o r ther n baslard,”so tha t per haps in h is

t ime the weapon wa s mor e g ener al ly used in the Nor th of

England .— H a ll iwell

’

s D iet. (Obs.)

BASON -CROP , ha i r of the head cu t st r aight r ound .

Thr ee appr entices , showing themselvesdisobedient andver y obstinate ,

wer e fi r st in open cou r t (wher e a dish is sa id to have been kept , by the

edge of wh ich the ir hai r was cu t r ound) made exemplar y by shor tn inge

thei r hai r .— Books of M er chant Adventur er s ,Newcastle , Decembe r 7 , 1649 .

BASS , the soft r eeds fr om which bass-mats, &c. , a r e made ; a lsothe mat made fr om bass , or fib r e , and the foot -stool cover edwi th bass.

BASSET , to cr op out a s a seam of coal does . U sed a s a nouni t mean s an outcr op .

T he g r eat l imestone“ bassets ou t on the no r th bank o f the Tees and

near Fr oster ley.

”— Geor ge Ta te , Geol of Nor thum. andDu r ham— T r ans.

of the N at. H i st. S oc. of Nor thum. andDur ham,vol . i i new ser ies , p . 1 2 .

T he H igh M a in bassets ou t in the cl iffs between Cu l le r coats andTynemou th .

— M acken z ie , H i st. of N or thu i n 1 825 , vol . i p . 79 .

I ts basset forms , in many instances , the l imi t of cu ltivated landT . S opwi th , On the M ini ng D istr ict, p 4 . Q uotedby Geor ge Tate above .

BASTARD, or BAS T E Y , applied to stone or min er a l s , mean s

impur e or nondescr ipt . Basta rdl imestone ,impu r e l imestone .

A “ bastard sole ”

(o r lemon sole) i s the fish lemon dab ,

P latessa micr ocepha la , F lein .

Basta rd, thr eady whin .

”-Bor ings andS inkings , A B . , p . 8 1 .

‘Bastardwh in is hard post or sandstone ,

bu t not so fl in ty as to be cal led ‘whin .

’

Bastey , g r ey stone.— The same, A .B p . 62 .

BASTARD EAGLE , the osp r ey.

BASTE , to th r a sh soundly. Beyest [N . and S ] , Byest [T .J .

Aa’

ll g ie ye sic a byestin’

a s ye n ivver gat 1’ yor l i fe . To

b r and sheep or ca t t le . S ee B E YS T .

BAS T E L -H OU SE , BASSEL -H OUSE , a for tifiedhouse , suchas i s yet common on the Bo rder . A typ ica l e x ample may be

seen a t Th r opton , n ea r Rothbu r y . T he g r ound floor is a

la rge apa r tmen t wi th vaulted r oof. Ove r th i s a r e the living

40 NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S .

rooms of the owner . T he wa l ls a r e of gr eat th ickness ,affor ding its i nma tes p r otect ion again st a ma r auding par ty .

T he Peel (or Pele) tower s a r e ca stles on a sma l l sca le .

Towns , tower s , bar nekynes, par yshe chu r ches , bastelt houses bu r ned

and destr oyed 192 . Exploits done upon the S cots.

”— R . W elford, H ist. ofNewe X VI . Cent. , p . 2 19 .

W halton was pr obab ly composed of bastle-houses, simi la r in thei r

constr uction to the Pele tower s , though not so str ong or wel l bu i lt ; and

inhab i ted by the vassals employed in cu l tivating the ou tlying fa rms

R ev . J . E . E ll iot , Tr ans. Bks. Natur alists’ Club, vol . vi p . 235 .

BAST ILE , the wo r khouse.

BAT , a blow A bat o ’ the jaa .

I t ne’

er cou ldbe b r ought to behaviou r ,

Though it has got many a bat.”

T he M idfor dGalloway'

s R amble.

BAT ,mar i ner , sta te , condi tion . At any bat — under

ci r cumstances . “ I f aa divvent gan thi s week aa’

l l gan

next , at any bat.“ Aa

’

s ju st th ’

aad-bat : aa'

sju st th ’

aad-bat;Thor ’

s nowt aboot me ye may fear , lads ;Bu t elwis aa

’

s g lad, whether good time or bad,

Ju st to say— aa

’

s aboot th’

aad-bat.”

S ong , Th’

Aad-bat.

BAT , a mar gin Of land wi th in the t ide mar k of floods or of thespr ing t i des .

“ Var ious fi sher ies on the sou th side of the Tweed between Berwickb r idge andthe sea ar e ca l ledBats , such as ‘Ba i l iff ’

s bat,’ Davie ’

s bat.’

&c.

U pon these fisher ies (and also upon other s not thu s denominated) a r eheaps of stones cal ledbats, upon wh ich the nets a r e dr awn when ther e is

no means of landi ng them in the u sual way (fr om the bank Of the r iverbeing

— R . W eddell , S a lmon F i shing in the R i ver Tweed.

A r chceologza Ai l iana , vol . iv . , quar to ser ies , p . 307 .

BATCH , a smal l lot of mea l for fam ily u se . The hinds , whenpaid i n kind by cor n , &c. ,

t ook these sma l l quan t i t ies tothe m il ler , who made them in to batches. A baking Of b r ead ,or as much as the oven wi ll hold at one baking is ca lled a

batch.

BATE , to aba te in p r ice , to lower in amoun t . “Aa winnabate a penny .

”

BATE -WORK , in a pit, shor t wor k .

BATTABLE , deba teable . A battable g r ound lying betweentwo coun t r ies.” —H odgson ’ s N or thumber land

,i i i . , 2 , p . 342 . S ee

DEBATEABLE -LAND S . Compa r e T H R E Ap - LAN D S .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

42 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

BAU GH L IN , rep r oach ing , taun t ing . T he inhabi tan t s of

T yneda le and Redesda le wer e in fo r mer days g iven tobaughling , or r ep r oach ing , an adver sar y— dar ing him to fight .

(Obs .)Baughl ing at the meetings of the S cotch and Eng l ish wardens , as i t

fr equen tly led to b lows , was p r ohib ited u nder the pena lty of a mon th'

s

imp r isonmen t .— S . O l iver , R ambles in Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 1 3 8

— note.

Any band, or p r omise , or bauchl ing , that might be made .—Laws 0

the M ar ches.

BAULK . S ee BAAK .

BAWBE R , a salmon poacher .— Berwick.

BAXTER , a baker .

BAY , the imagina r y enclosu r e or place of safety in outdoorgames . Thoo canna catch me , noo aa

’

s i’ the bay.

”

BAZE , to a la rm , to puzzle .—B r ockett. S ee BU MBAZED .

BEADSM AN , one who offer s up pr ayer s fo r the welfar e of

another .— H all iwell’

s D iet. T he Hospi tal of St . M a r yMagdalene at Newcast le p r ovides for “ three poor beadsmen .

A peti tionerYou r poor or ator s andbedemen , the bur gesses with in the commonalty

of Ga teshead.

”— R . W elford, H ist. of Newe X VI . Cent. , 1 526 , p . 94 .

BEAGLE , a beadle .

I t. pd~ for the helmans Cote and the beag le

'

s and the p iper 's cots ,

£ 1 . 1 3s. 10d.— GatesheadChur ch Books, 1 633 .

Pd. to the belman for bu r ieing thejoldbeagell , 4d.— The same, 1 634 .

B l indW i l ly slawly ledthe hand,

As beag le o’the way, man

A staff he car r ied in h is hand,

An’shook his heedse g r ey, man .

Thomas M ar shal l , d. 1 869 , Luckey'

s Dr eam.

BEAK , the nose , the face.

T o the beak o’the secondaw heldupme fist .

— Bob Cr anky'

s Account

of the Ba lloon , 1 8 1 5 .

W e’ll get penny loaves , an

’

dr ink tiv wor beak .— Oldsong , Coll ier

’

s

R ant.

BEAK , to wa r m at the fir e .

BE AK IN -FULL , full to r ep let ion .—B r ockett. S ee BOU KIN .

BEAKS , a pun i shmen t infl icted upon the loser in a game of

ma r bles , by fir ing ”a ma r ble at the knuckles .

NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S . 43

BEAK -STICKS , BAKE -STI CKS , a t r iangula r fr ame of woodor i r on ,

r esembl ing a sma ll ea sel , w i th a p r op a t the back, for

holding gi r d le cakes in fr on t of the fi r e to fini sh the baking ,o r somet imes to wa r m an oldcake .

BEAKY , having a p r om inen t nose.

BEAL , to r oar , to bellow .-B r ockett.

BEAL ,t o suppura te , to ga ther . S ee B E E L D .

BEAM -B IRD , or BE E -B I RD , the spotted flycatcher

M usicapa g r isola , L inn.

BE ANG E R , anyth ing la r ger than o r dina r y of i ts kind .

B r ockett. S ee BANGER .

BEANS , sma ll coals , so-ca lled fr om their S ize. D ufi'

is the

sma llest coa l left after scr een ing ; peas a r e next in S i ze beans

next grade h igher ; then nuts,

—r oondy coa l being the lar gesti n S i ze .

BE -AR , the p r onuncia t ion of bea r .

BEAR , bar ley ; the o r igina l Engli sh name , in la ter t imesr eta ined on ly in the Nor th— hence specia l ly appl ied to the

coa r se var ie ty (H ordeum hexastichon o r tetr astichon) ,— wi th S ix

(or fou r ) r ows of g r a in in i ts ea r , t i ll la tely ch iefly cult i va tedin the N or th ; a lso d istingui shed as bear -ba r ley and bigg .

D r . Mu r r ay , N ew E ng . D iet. S ee B IGG .

BEARDY-LOACH , the loach fi sh , Cobitis ba r batula , L inn.

Called a lso the Tommy Lodger .

”

BEAR ING -DOOR , a ma in door in a pit wh ich for ces the a i r

th r ough an en t i r e di st r ict — Gr eenwell .

BEAR-STONE , a husking t r ough for bear or ba r ley ; ca lleda lso “

cr ee in t r ou .

BEAR-THE -BELL , to be pr e-em inen t .S till Piper Tony bea r s the bell , —7oca-S er ious D iscour se, 1 686 , p 20.

BEAS BE E S S , BE ACE , BEES , beast s . “ Tor n thor beoss,lad.

BEAST IE , d im inut ive of bea st .

44 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

BE AS T L IN S , B E AS T IN S , the fi r st m ilk of a newly-ca l vedcow. F r om th is i s somet imes made a beastlinpuddin, whichis con sider ed a delicacy . Compa r e HEFT , 2 .

BEAT , to feed a fir e wi th fuel . S ee B EET.

BEAT , p . Bet, p.p. Betten ,to excel , to sur pass , t o over come in

con test . Aa’

l l g ie ye the star t an’

beat ye.

”R en for th bet

ivvor ybody.“ Aa wis fa i r betten and deun for .

” To gobeyond ou r comp r ehen sion , t o puzzle .

“ I t beats me wha the

’

s gan te de wid.

”

O f a'

the plagues a poor man meets,Alang l ife

’

s wear y way,Ther e ’

s nyen amang them a'

that beats

A r ainy weshin’

day.

”

T . W i lson , The Washzn’D ay , 1 843 .

H oo aa got up aloft, i t wadbeat me to tel l . — James Hor sley, Geordy’

s

Dr eam.

BEAT , to b r u ise the feet w i th excessive walking . A bet footis a foot br ui sed by wa lking .

Constant hardwor king hor ses ar e subject to beat or founder to thei rfeet or leggs.

—The Compleat Col lier , 1 708. p 34 .

A bet-hand. a hand which , fr om being vesicated or bl ister ed withha rdwor k , has fester ed.

” —Gr eenwell .

BEATER , a tool for bea t ing down stemm ing on a charge of

powder for a blast in a coal pit ; a lso a stone used for br ayingsand .

BE AT M E N T , a measu r e hold ing a qua r te r -peck. I t was

for mer ly in gener a l u se in the d ist r ict , especia l ly in the r eta i lsa le of vegetables and coa l s . T he mea su r e was common lymade of wood staves hooped , wi th a di v i sion so placed tha tat one endup a beatment could be meted and a t the othe rha lf-a -beatment . Another for m of the wor d occur s as

beahment. At H exham the measur e was double the size of the

Newcastle beatment ; hence the p r over b Hexham measu r e ,heaped full , an

’

r unn in ower .

”

Aa’s sti l l sai r beset,

Coals is thr eepence a beatment, andnyen for te get.

E d. Cor van , d. 1 865 , The R ise in Coats.

BEAUM ONT , the name of a seam of cOa l . S ee ENG IN E S EAM .

I t ob ta ins these names fr om the en ter p r i sing gen tlemannamed Beaumon t .

M aster Beaumont , a gentleman of g r eat Ingenu ity and r ar e pa r ts ,adventu r ed into ou r mines wi th h is th i r ty thousand pounds ; who

b r ought wi th him many r ar e eng ines not known then in these par ts .

"

G r ey’

s Chor og r api a , 1 649 .

NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S . 45

BEAUM ONTAGUE , BOM ONTAGU , a m ixtu r e of tar andch ina clay , bea ten up ha r d and used in stemm ing acidconden ser s and stone acid tanks and cister n s in chem ica lwor ks .

BE B ,to act as cr oupier in the gambl ing game of “ p itch and

toss .” T he bebber i s one who ga ther s in the penn ies ; gener allythe one who has lost anddoes th i s to ear n something to star tthe “ school ” aga in , shou ld hi s employer win .

BE CAM , became , p.t.

BECK , a sma ll st r eam . Th i s ter m , wh ich is found in Dan i sh andNor wegian sett lemen t s in England , occu r s about sixty-thr eet imes in the coun ty of Du r ham . Thi r ty-eight of these ar e

w i thin the Tees di st r ict . In Nor thumber land it is r ep r esen tedin the sol i ta r y case of the Ri ver Wan sbeck ,

”and in this it

is quest ionable whether the second syllable is beck. In A.D .

1 1 39 i t is ca lled Wenespic andWinispic ; in t ime H en r y I I I .Wanspic ; in H en r y V I . it is Wanspike and Wanspyke ; in1568 , Wanspek ; and in 1 604 it occu r s as Wanspiclce ; in Speed

’ smap of 16 10 i t is Wanspek ; and in 1 63 2 , Waynspecke.

BECK , to nod the head and cluck as a st r utt ing cock doesT he mui r cock he becks in his wi ld mossy hame or a jer k

of the head l ike the act ion of a hor se wi th weak legs .“ I t becks.

”

T he mu i r cock’

s beck cou ld I bu t hea r .

Jas . A rmstr ong , A idCr ag , 1 879 .

BECKER , a wooden d ish— N or thumber land.— Halliwell . S ee

B I CKER .

BECK-NAILS,thin , flat na ils , 2 t o 5} inches long , used for

na i l ing spou t ing for wa ter wheels , &c.

BE CR IKE , by Ch r i st ! a p r ofane exclamation wh ich is oftenhear d as becr ikey t or cr ikey .

’

Od’

s mar cy ! wey, mar r ow , becr ike, it'

s Lord’

S i ze ! ” -J . S hield, M yLord ’

S i ze.— Al lan '

s Collecti on , p . 1 58 .

BE D . Such a one has getten her bed is the un iversal ter mused in speaking of a woman ’s being confined .

BE D, the founda tion of a wa l l or cr ibbing — Gloss. of N ewe. M in.

Terms, 1 852 .

BE D D Y , in soft layer s , appl ied to stone.“ Beddy fr eestone

is thu s d i stingu ished fr om a compact , granula r deposi t .

46 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

BE D E S FOL K , the inhab i tan t s of r el igious houses or a lmshouses , who offer ed up p r ayer s for the r epose of the founder s .S ee B EAD S MAN .

T he hospital of ou r Lady cal ledW est Gate S p ital , with in the townOf Newcastle , was founded, as it is r epor ted, by the inhab itan ts of the

town of Newcastle ,’

for the pu r pose. among other Objects . of keepingsix beadfolks in the almshouse ther e .

’ — R ichardWelfo rd, H ist. of Newe.in X VI . Cent. , p . 235 .

I tem :“ T o the bede-folk at cer ta in times , 5 3 . 1od. ; for twen ty chalder

of coals to the bede-folk , 1 7s . 4d.

” —The same, p . 202 .

BEDFAST , bedr idden .

BE D -GOON , bed-gown , a shor t loose-fitting jacket , wor n bywomen in the hay-fieldor har vest -field.

BE -DR ITTEN . defiledw ith or du r e.— B r ockett.

BEDS , a ch i ld r en ’ s game , gene r a l ly called hitchey-dabber .

BE D S T ICK , a st ick used to st r a ighten the bed-clothes in thebox-beds, wh ich used to be common in the coun t r y .

BEDSTOCK the stock, or st r ong s ide t imber of a bedstead .

An’

i’

the twinklen of an c'

c,

W as fa i r ly ower the bedstock bang in

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , 1 827 , pt. i i . , v . 14 .

BE D S T OCKS , a boys’ game. In th is game sides ar e formed ,

andthe lads on one side give chase to those on the other .

When a captur e i s made the pur suer spi t s over the head ofhis p r ey , the capt ive i s put in to a ma r ked-off place , andthecaptu r e r places his foot on a spot about two ya r ds Off. H er e

the capt i ve shouts lust i ly to his side, “r elieve a mar r ow !”

As each is b r ought in , his captur er takes the place of the

lad on gua r d , andone can hold sever a l capt ives . Bu t i f one

of the side tha t is being cha sed can manage to r un th r oughbetween the guar d and his capt ives , the whole of his side a r e

r elieved , andthey r un off . T he game becomes incr ea singlyd iffi cul t to the Side tha t is “ out ” as fu r ther captu r es a r e made ,because the captu r er s leave on ly one of thei r number on gua r d ,andhave thus a con stan t st r ength to pu r sue the d im in i sh ingnumber s of the “ out ” s ide. Th i s is the game known elsewhere as

“ P r i soner ’ s Base .

BE E -BAA , t o lull a sleep .

T he windbee-bawed, aw whish’

dme squee ls ,An yence mai r aw was mu r r y.

”

T . Thompson , d. 1 8 16 , f eminy f oneson’

s Wha r ry.

NORTH U MB ERLAN D W ORD S .

BE E -B I KE , a wild bee’ s nest .

BE E -B IRD , the spot ted flyca tcher , Butal is g r isola , L inn.

BEEL , o r BE E L D , to bui ld .

H e becls his aan boat .— J . P . R obson , Ha r ry C lasper , 1 849.

BE E L D , t o ga ther , to suppur a te . When a Swelling or

ga ther ing occu r s , the pa r t i s sa id to beeld. A bu ilt o r beelt

hand is a swollen hand , and i t is sa id to be hove— tha t is ,r a i sed .

BE E L D , the shelter for ca t tle .“ T he beeld side of a house

or fence , is that opposite to the wind or stor m . Beelds for

sheep , &c. , a r e common on the h igh moor s in N or thumber land .

They a r e ci r cula r or cr oss wa lls of ear th or stone.—H odgson

M S . Compa r e STE LL , SH EEP -S TE LL , SH EAL .

BEELBY , shel ter ed fr om cold . Aa’

ve get t in a beeldy place .

BEELEY , the ch r ist ian name I sabella .

BEER , BE -AR , the p r onunciat ion of bear .

BE E R T H , b i r th .

BEES .

I t is never consider ed lucky to be the sole owner of bees . A mananda woman , not man and W i fe , shou ld be pa r tner s. I f e ither shou lddie , some one shou ld go a t midn ight , tap each h ive th r ee times , anddesi r e the bees to wor k for thei r new master o r mistr ess , as the case maybe .

”— R ev . J . F . B igge , S uper stiti ons at S tamfordham —Tr ans. of TynesideNatur a l i sts

’ Fi eldClub, 1 860-62 , vol . v . . p . 9 1 .

BEES,the second and th ir d per son s s ingu la r of the pr esen t

ten se of the ve r b to be , somet imes hea r d in Nor thumber land.

Wha t bees thoo deein ? " T he sound i s some t imes Sho r tenedto bis H e bis ne use at aall .”

BEESEN , BEEZEN , bl ind— B r ockett.

BE E -SKEP,a beeh ive— made of st r aw .

BE E S T L IN S ,BE E S T IN S . S ee B E AS T L i Ns.

BEET , the b it of a b r id le . T yek the beets, sa id to a hor seunwi lling to adm i t the b i t s in to his mouth .

48 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

BEET , to feed a fi r e wi th fuel . Thi s wor d is most appl icablet o st r aw ,

hea th , fer n ,fur ze , and especial ly to the husk of oa t s

when used for heating the gi r dle s on wh ich oa ten cakes a r e

baked .— H odgson M S .

‘ T o beet a fi r e T he development of this (the ch ief extan t) sense ,

the antiqu ity of wh ich is shown , not mer ely by the fgjr bé ton , bu t byi ts existence in the other Teu ton ic languages (compar e Du tch vuu r boeten ,

L ow German fu r boten , etc is somewhat obscu r e , fr om the fact that in the

ear l iest instances i t appear s to mean , not‘to mend a fir e,

’

bu t as in

moder n Du tch ,

‘ to make, kindle, put on a fi r e .

’ Per haps this is to be

explainedby the pr imi tive condi tions (wh ich p r eva i led mor e o r less t i l l

the days of phosphor u s matches) , according to which fi r e was not

gener atedanew each time i t was r equ i r ed, bu t was u sual ly pr opagatedbya

‘

glede’ fr om an ex isting fi r e , often car r ied and kept a l ive for days

(compar e Genesis xxi i . , wh ich was su r r ounded wi th combu stib les ,and ‘ beeted

’

into a blaze , when a fi r e was r equ ir ed.—D r . M u r r ay, N ew

E ng . D iet.

BEET-H AMMER , a ma son ’ s hammer , having a flat face at

one end anda po in t a t the other .

BEETLE ,B ITTLE , an in st r umen t used for bea ting in the

wa sh ing of clothes ; a pota to ma sher . S ee BATTLE .

BEET-NEED , a resource in extrem i ty. “We’

l l not have tou se it except as a beet-need.

”

BE FAA , befa l .

BEGGAR , a ter m of address t o a fam il iar . Where ’ s theli ttle beggar gan t e

T he S kipper saw ’

dfi r st , andhe gov a g r eet shou t ,How , beggar , man , D ick , her e

’

s a g r u nstone afloat.W . Armstr ong . d. 1 883 -4 , F loatin

’

Gr unstan .

BE GOCK , BE GOX , an exclama t ion mean ing by Gox , or byGod. T he wor d in other combinat ion s is hear d a s Cocks .S ee EXC LAMAT ION S .

Cock, a vu lgar cor r uption , or pu r poseddisgu ise of the name of God,

in favou r of p iou s ear s , wh ich in ea r ly times wer e not yet u sed to thepr ofanation of it. Hence by each, by each andpie , andsuch softenedoaths .

W e findalso cock’

spassion , coek’

s body , andother al lu sions to the S aviou r ,or his body, as supposed to ex ist in the Host ; andwhen t t bel ief wasdiscarded, the exp r ession sti l l r ema ined in u se .

‘ By coc e they a r e to

b lame .— Hamlet, iv . 5 .

‘ By cock andpye.

' J ustice S hal low'

s famou soath , adds the pie, or sacr ed book of offi ces, to the former name.

”

Nar e’

s Gloss.

Whei claver s hiv the chimlay r eek

Began , it'

s al l a homey.

”

J . Thompson , (1. 1816 , j immy joneson’

s Whar ry .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

50 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

BELLY , to bulge outward .

BELLYBAND , a gir th to secu r e a car t saddle .

BE L L YF L APPE R , a blow on the stomach given by fal lingflat on the wa te r in d iving .

BELLY -F LAU T S , the fa sh ion of moun ting a bar e-backedhor se.

“ H e gat on belly-floats.

BELLYFULL, a common ter m for a r epletion of anyth ing.

“ Ye ’

ll get a bellyfull on him afore he ’

s deun taakin ’

, noo.

Her e an awdwi fe on a stu i l ,And ther e an awdman on a cha i r ,

E njoyin’

a l l a bel lyfu l lOf laugh in

’

, at ma stor ies r ar e .

T . W i lson ,Pi tman'

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i . , v . 102 .

BELLY -R IM , the lowe r par t of the abdomen , wher e the basinof the pel v i s i s su r r ounded at i ts “

r im,

” wi th the sackcon ta in ing the bowels . H e

’

s b r ust his belly-r im.

T he r im of the belly is said to be br oken when i ts muscles ar e

lacer ated or v iolen tly spr a ined. R im means the ci r cumfer ence of anyr oundth ing .

— Hodgson M S .

BELLY - STEND , a st ick used by butcher s to keep open the

belly when they ar e taking the in side out of an an ima l .

BELLY-TIM M ER , food .

S cott pu ts this word into the mou th of a distingu ished euphu ist.Hall iwel l 's D iet

Th is was the kind0’

belly-timmer ,

For myekin pi tmen str ang and tu i ff .

T . W i lson , Pitman’

s Pay , pt. i i i v . 3 .

BELLY -WARK , the belly-ache , the chol ic.

BELT , bu ilt , p.p. S ee B ELDE .

BE L YVE, speedily , soon , in a shor t t ime — H odgson M S .

T o make them all mer r y belyve.

S ong , The Har e S kin .

Aboot the bush , W i l ly, aboot the beehiveAboot the bush

,W i lly, I

’

l l meet thee belyve.S ong , Aboot the Bush ,

Wi l ly.

BE N in , in to. “ Come ben the hoose. S ee B U T -AN -BE N .

W hen door s standOpen dogs come ben .—} oco-S er ious D iscour se,

NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 5 1

BEND -AWAY or BEND -U P , a s ignal in a pit, given to r a iseup , or set away. “ Bend-of ! — l ift gen t ly .

Bend. to str a in , b r ace , tighten , wind up, b r ing into tension (l ike astr ung bow or wound up har quebu s) . - D r . M u r r ay, Bend, v . 3 , N ewE ng . D i et.

Bend-up,

'

or‘Bend-up a bit! an order g iven by the per son in char ge

to r a ise the ca ge slowly, so that i t may be instantly stoppedon the orderHold! being given .

”— G r eenwel l .

BEND -LEATH ER , the leather of a“ bend , that i s , the

th ickest and stoutest kind of lea ther (fr om the back and

flanks) , used for soles of boots and shoes ; sole lea ther .

D r . M ur r ay , N ew E ng . D iet. Bendy-leather app lied to ice in a

half-thawed cond i tion . In tha t s ta te i t is elast ic andwill beara con sider able we ight wi thout b r eaking- in . Ch ild r en r un or

sl ide over it r epea t ing the fol lowing dogger el couplet :Bendy-leather

’

s goodto beer ,Tyek a hear t an

'

n ivver fear .

”

BENNEL a long r eedy g r a ss (A r undo phr agmi tis, L .)gr owing in stagnan t r iver s o r bur n s . “ G r een as a bennel .

”

Bennels wer e layer s of th i s r eed woven together and st r etchedbelow the r afte r s of cot tages to ser ve as a cei l ing .

BEN SE , a cow sta ll .

BENSEL , to bang or bea t .— R ay’

s Gloss.

BENT,a coa r se kind of gr ass , usua lly gr owing on wet land , or

on san d h i lls upon the sea sho r e ; hence “ theBents,”a name for

gr a ssy sand dunes . Under the gener ic name of Bent we ha veBent-gr ass , Ag r ostis vulgar is ; the Bent, Ammophila ar undinacea .

T he Car eer ar enar ia of the coa st is ca lled S ea-bent. j uncussquar r osus is ca l led Rose -bent and Stool -bent, and the la r getough pa tches for med by i t a r e ca lled Benty

-knots . T he

M olinia ccer ulea is ca lled B r oad -bent and Flying-bent. N ardus

str icta is ca l led Wi r e -bent andB lack-bent.

L ay the bent to the bonny b r oom.— Oldsong .

T he Bent ' is used for ‘a place cover ed with g r ass , as opposed to

a wood a bar e field, a g r assy pla in , unenclosedpastur e - land, a heath .

D r . M ur r ay, N ew E ng . Diet.

Bomen bickar te uppone the bent

W i th ther br owda r ar s clear e.

”

Yet bydys the Yer le D oglas uppon the bent.

Chevy Chase, 1 500.

Half the island— Lindisfar ne— is now u nder cu ltivation ; the r est iscover edwith sand— thr ough which the long , thick , wi r y bent shoots uplu xu r iantly.

— R ev . Pr ovost Consitt , L ife of S t. Cu thber t, 1 887 , p . 50,

52 NORTH UMB ERLAND WORD S .

BE O , a not uncommon p r onuncia t ion of be or bee in

Nor thumber land .“Aa

’

l l beo ther e the mor n .

BERRY , to th r esh by fla i l . “ H e’

s been ber ryin’

aa the day.

T he e has the old sound of a —and the wo r d is Spoken Bar ry.

S ee BARRY .

Hence ber r ier , or thr esher , and the ber rying-stead, the thr eshing

floor .

”-R ay

’

s Gloss.

BERRY-BROWN , nu t-b r own a le .

H adI bu t kenn’

daw , when I was in the town ,

I'

adspent t ’other g r oat on the b r isk ber ry-br own.

yaw-S er ious D i scour se, 1686 , p . 3 .

T he town her e r efer r ed to is Newcastle , wh ich was at one

time so famous for its nu t-br own beer as to in spi r e the poetCunn i ngham to wr i te ver ses in i ts pr aise.

BE R T H Y, rich , fruitful appl ied to land .

BERWICK SAUCE , the wa ter in wh ich a salmon has beenboiled , ser ved up wi th the fish as sauce . S ee DOVER .

BESEEK , to beseech .

BESSY , a char acter taken by one in a company of swor ddancer s at Ch r istma s . One of the men is absu r dly d r essedup in women ’ s clothes , andcar ries r ound the hat wh ilst theper formance pr oceeds .

W or M al l cam heym the t’

other neet

D r es 't l ike a Bessie — sic a seet.”

J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, War M ally Tur nedBloomer .

BESTED , over come in a st r uggle . We do not say tha t a man

has been “ wor sted , bu t “ bested or we say“ he bested

his mar r ow at the job .

” Jack bestedTom .

” Tom was bestedbyJack.

BE T , bea ten , surpa ssed .

Bet by nyen .

”— T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt . i i i . , v . 1 23 .

H is mar r ow declar ’dhe was bet.”— S ong , The M asquer ade.

Ther e ’

s native bards in yon town ,

For wit andhumou r S eldom bet.

W . W atson ,Thumping Luck.

Bards of the Tyne, 1849 , p . 1 1 1 .

BE T , b r ui sed by heavy wa lking .

“ H e canna gan se fast ; hehes a bet foot .”

BETTER-END , a maj or i ty. “ The better -end o ’ Cat ton canna

get thor b r ikfasts t i l l the hen s lays . Th i s is a joke at the

expense of the good folks of Ca t ton .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 53

BE T T E R M E R , super ior , bet ter . Aa seed him last neet , anthowt he leuk ’

d iv a bettermer way.

T he shape an a i r 0'

yen

O’

r a ither bettermer condi tion .

"

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’s Pay , 1 829 , pt . i i i v . 4

BETTERM OST , super la t i ve for m of the abo ve . Aa th inkye ’ve gotten the bettermost yen .

”

BETTERNESS,super ior , em inen t .

A better ness kindof body.— B r ochett.

BETWATTLED , confounded , over power ed , stupefied,infa tua ted— B r ockett.

BEVEL , a slan t , a l pe , not stra ight as a bevel -eye , an eye

wi th a ca st o r slan ting look .

BE YE N [S ] BYEN a bone .

Aw toi l maw hyens.— T . W i lson , P i tman

'

s Pay , 1826 , ed. 1872 ,p . I O .

BE YE T H BYE T H [T .J both .

BE YS T , BE -UST , a br anding i r on . S ee BYE S T .

BE YS T , to mar k ca t tle or Sheep .

BEYUK BYUK a book. Th is is gener a lly spel tbuilc.

BE YU L ,BYU L , BOOL , a bowl , a smooth spher ical stone

used in bowl ing .

BE YU N [S .] BYUN [T .J above. beyond . Abb r eviated formof abeyun or aboon. It

’

s byun ten’ea r sin he left .”

BE YU T , to boot ; anything given in addi t ion to make up theva lue in a case of ba r te r . F o r in stance , in ba r ter ing ho r ses ,the man wi th the in fer ior one wi ll say,

“ Aa’

l l g ie ye five pund

te beyat.” Tha t is , he get s the hor se he wishes to pu r cha se

bygiving his own in exchange , andfive pounds added (tebeyut) .T he wor d i s sounded as beyut in S . Nor thumber land , andas

byut in Tyneside. In tenancy , the added r ight to take hay,

fi r ing , etc. , fr om the wa ste.

1 530, Augu st 4 , W ar kwor th Castle .— Letter s patent of Hen r y, Ea r l

of Nor thumber land, to Ca rmel ite Fr i ar s at H u lne , g i ving manse ther e

W i th 20 mar ks annual ly, with the fisher y ,

‘andhou sebote ,

haybo te , fi r e

bote ,’

&c — Pr oceedi ngs of Newcastle S oci ety of Antiqna r zes , vo l i i i . , p 1 84 .

54. NORTH U MBERLAN D WORD S .

BE YU T (be-yut) [S .] BYUT [T .J a boot .L u ik

'

damang the butts andshoes .

S ong , The Pi tman '

s R amble.

B I , by. The i is p r onounced ver y shor t , a s in bit. B i is usedbefor e a con sonan t , as ,

“ B i th is and bi tha t . When a

vowel fol lows , Biv is used , as , “ I t wis deun hiv a chep i ’

Gyetside.

”O r occa sional ly the euphon ious B in occu r s befor e

a vowel , as in the sen tence , To be bet bin a bit tape-wor miv a chep .

”

B I H I S SEL , d i st r acted , luna t ic. T he man ’s fa i r ly bi hissel .

”Past his sel i s the commoner for m .

B IBBER , to t r emble to shake . S ee B i VVE R .

B ICKER ,

“a small wooden d ish , or vessel , made of staves and

hoops l ike a tub .

”— H odgson M S . A tumbler gla ss . Th iswor d seems to be the Nor ther n name for beaker . Compa r eBOW I E .

Ou r fr iendBowr ie is sti l l able to bend a bicker . Long may he l ive toteem a cog .

”— D r . Char lton , No r th T ynedale .

S cotch form of beaker . Former ly, a dr inking cup of any mater ia lin moder n S cotch appl ied also to vessels made of wooden staves forholding por r idge. &c.

”— D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . D iet.

B I CKER , to ski rm i sh , exchange blows to fight .S a id especial ly of a r cher s and sl inger s befor e the battle was

joined.—D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . Dict.

Bomen bickar te uppone the bent."— Chevy Chase.

At ever y such bicker ing some of them S pent their l ives , yet by such

mean ing , l ike p r etty men , they defended thei r countr y.

”— B i shop R idleyto L a ti nier , 1 555 .

B ICK - IRON , a l ight anvi l (or iginally a two -hor ned anvi lbicor nia) , cor r upt ion fr om bicker n a l ter ed fi r st in for m , and

then in sense , by popula r etymology .

”- D r . Mu r r ay , N ew

E ng . D iet.

BID , B IDDEN , p. i . andp.p. of bide, to s tay , to r ema in , toab ide . H e hadbidden ower lang i ’ the wa t ter when he wasoot fishin . S ee B IDE .

BI D , to in v i te , t o command . T he peculia r usage of th is wo r dis tha t it is on ly descr ipti ve of an in v i ta t ion to wh ich ther e isno r efusa l . Such cer emon ies as a wedd ing or a funer a l wer eboth of them fest ival s which adm i t ted of no excuse . H ence

the command wh ich the wor d con veys . “Aa’

s bid tiv aad

An ty’

s fune r a l the mo r n (p.t. bad, p.p. boden) . H e was

boden ti gan .

”

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 55

B I D , BEDE , to p r ay . H ence a bedes man , one tha t p r ayS fo rother s ; and those l it tle globules wi th wh ich they numberthei r p r ayer s a r e ca lled bedes.

— R ay .

B IDDABLE , obed ien t . I t is a l ike applied in descr ibing an

obed ien t ch i ld , o r ho r se , or dog .

“ I t ’s tha t biddable, leuk ye ,ye can de owt wi ’d.

B IDDERS , the fr iends who wen t r ound to in v i te thei r n eighbou r s to a funer a l . T he custom is now near ly d i sused .

T he fr iends of the deceased, as wel l as the ne ighbou r s , a r e gener a l lyinvi ted to the funer al by bidder sdr essedin b lack silk scar fs .

’ — M acken z ie ,

H ist. of N or thumbq 1 825 , vol . 1. p 206

B IDDY , a louse .

B IDDY , B r idget ; hence an I r ishwoman , fr om the commonI r ish Ch r istian n ame of B r idget .

B IDE , t o endu r e , to stand , to abide , to wa i t . “Aa canna bide

yon chep “ I t ’ l l not bide handl in .

” “ I t ’ ll bide wor t ime ,onyway Bide a bit.

”In past tense , bid.

“W e bida t

hyem . P a st par t . , bidden.

“ H e’

s bidden lang . Bedden is

sometimes hea r d .

“ Ye should ha ’bedden t i ll aa cam .

S ubstantials that wad bide some cu ttin .

"— T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay ,

1 829 , pt . i i i . , v . 108 .

B IELD , a shel ter , tha t is , a place bui lded . S ee B E E L D , 2

B IG , BYG , to bui ld . S ee B i GG i N .

BIG , impo r tan t , swollen wi th pride , ela ted ; as big bug , a

con sequen t ia l pe r son . In the P r icke of Conscience occu r s thepa ssage

N ow er we bigg , now er we bar e ,N ow er we hale , now seke and sar e .

B IGG , ba r ley . S ee B EAR .M or e pa r ticu lar ly that va r iety which has four r ows o f g r a in on each

ear .— Hodgson M ST he fou r - r owed ba r ley , an in fer ior bu t hardier va r iety of the s ix

r owedo r win ter bar ley (Hordeum hexastichon) , of r apidg r owth , andsu i tedto infer ior soi ls and mor e nor ther n latitudes . (Ba r ley is gener ic ; bea r

includes the S i x-r owed and fou r -r owedkinds bigg , the fou r -r owedon ly.

Bu t bea r inter changes in loca l use , now wi th ba r ley, now w i th bigg )D r . M u r r ay, N ewE ng D iet.

Good B ig-malt i s to be S old, a t 2 5 6d per Bu shel l , by R ohei t

S or sb ie , Nowo &c.

”— Advt . in Newcastle Cour ant, Aug 29th , 1 7 1 3 .

T he wo rd su r vives in the str eet name of Bigg M a r ket , in Newcastle ,wh ich is ancien tly cal led ‘

the Ber ema r ket. ’ —R . Welford, fi rst of N ewe.,

X VI . Cent. , p . 2 1 1 .

56 NORTH U MBERLAN D WORD S .

B IGGEN , to r ecover a fter lying in .

I wish you a good bigen i'

ng , that i s , a good getting up again after

lying in .— R ay

'

s Gloss.

B IGG IN , a bui lding . Newbigg in is a common place -name inNor thumber land . B igg in in a pit is a bui lt -up pi llar of stone ,&c.

, for suppor t to a r oof. “Bigg in the gob” mean s bu ild ing

a pack in a wor ked -out place in a pit.“ L ay h im ahint the bigg i n .

— S u r tees , Bal ladof F eather stonehaugh .

B IKE , a bee’s nest . S ee BYKE .

B ILDER , a lar ge wooden mallet , wi th a long hand le , used inhusband r y for b r eaking clods . —B r ockett.

BIL D E R T , a ter m of con tempt .Ye l ittle bi lder t.

"— B r ockett.

B ILE , a boi l .I t i s found in the ear ly edi tions of S hakspear e , and in most ear ly

“Ti ter s.-Hall iwell 's D i et.

B ILL , a la r ge headless na i l u sed for boot heels . Compa r eS PAR B I LL .

B ILL , to keep accoun t .Then comes the car e

T o find that al l is r ightly bi ll’

d

Thos . W i lson . Pi tman ’

s Pay . 1 826 , ed. 1 872 , p . 3 .

B ILL , the pi t pay- sheet .

E ight or a dozen men’

s ear n ings ar epu t in to one bi ll , as they call i tThos. W i lson , note tofor egoing .

B ILL -DAY , the day on wh ich the viewer examines the col l ier yaccoun t .

B ILLET-HEAD,a clea t by which a keel is moor ed when

lying st ill in the r iver .

B ILL I E , B ILLY ,fellow , compan ion , com r ade , mate .

“ Ah ,

ye si lly bil ly ,

”is a ver y common ph r a se . S ee B ULLY .

_

I t has been compar ed wi th Bul ly and German buhle, bu t to l i ttlepu r pose.

— D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . D i et.

" And now, dear B i lly , this is r ight .

” B i lly, b r other ,

”in mar g in .)

joco-S er ious D iscour se, Newcastle , 1 686 , p . 62 .

You r son '

s a lad, andhe’

s bu t bad,

Andbi l l i e to my son he canna be .

The Bewick andtheG r aeme, 1 750.

Now , Jock , my bi'

l l ie, quo’

a l l the thr ee ,

T he day is comedthou was to dee .

"

70ck o'

the Syde.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

58 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

B I RD ’S -EYES , the germander speedwell , Ver onica cli anzaea’

rys.

B i rd’

s-eye is a lso one of the names of the Ger anium R ober tianum,

the Her b Rober t , or“ Fox ,

”or

“ W i ld -ger an ium , as it i s

sometimes ca lled .

B I RK , BR I CK , the bi r ch t r ee ; B I RKEN , bi r ch . Bi r k-bu zzomi s a bi r ch besom .

“ They made a b ier of the bar ken boughs .

”— R . S u r tees , B ar t/zr am’

s

D i rge.

T he bzr k tr ee g r ows aboon h is g r ave .— The same.

“ They hu ntedhigh , they hun tedlow ,

By heather y h i l l andbi r ken shaw .

"

The Death of Pa r cy R eed

B I RKIE , a b r i sk, active , ener getic per son : not a ter m of

opp r ob r ium .

B IRL , B IR -REL , to make a noi se , l ike the r apid tu r n ing of a

wheel . Pr obably fr om the sound— B r ockett. H ar l has the

same mean ing , and the two wor ds p r obab ly g i ve the

r ep r esen ta t ive sound of bur ly-bur ly , or in Nor thumber land

hor ley’ bor ley .

B I RR , to em i t a wh i r r ing no ise ; to move r apidly wi th such a

noi se — D r . M ur r ay , N ew E ng . D iet.

B I RSE , a b r i stle or st r ong ha i r twi sted on to the wax th r eadused in sewing lea ther . A th r ee-cor ne r ed ch isel for squa r ingout mor t ice holes . “ To set up thei r bi r ses ”

i s to a ssume a

host i le a t t i tude.

BIR S E L ,to cr ackle in cooking . S ee B R I Z Z L E .

“Well bir selled,well d r ied by the sun or scor ched by fi r e .

B I SH EL , a bushel .

B ISH OP , to bu r n food in cooking by allowing it to adher e tothe pan .

W hen a dumpl ing ,hasty

—pudding , potatoes , &c have sitten on to the

bottom of the pan in wh ich they a r e boi led, they ar e sa id to be bi s/topped,

a punn ing tr anslation of the wo rdconfirmatus. A per son who i s now sa id

to be confirmed, in the ecclesiastica l mean ing of the word, was in former

times sa id to be bi s/topped; in Latin , confirmatus , wh ich is a lso expr essi veof a dumpl i ng

’

s adher i ng to the bottom of a — S . O l iver , R amblesin Nor thumber land. 1 835 , p . 1 3 1— note.

B ishop, 5th , T o let m i lk , &c bu r n wh i le cooking . In al lusion to the

pr ove r b ,

‘ T he b ishop has pu t h is foot in to i t.’

1 536 ,‘Ti nda le Wor ks ,

’

166 (T) . I t the por age be bu r ned to , or the mea te over r osted, we saythe bishop hath pu t his foote in the potte , or the b ishop hath played the

cooke. because the b ishops bu r n who they lust andwhosoever displeaseth—D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . D iet.

NORTH UMBER LAND W ORDS . 59

B I SH OP . In making glue i t is pou r ed in to trays to cool,then

la id on a table , wher e it is cu t wi th an inst r umen t , not un l ikea bow ,

having a b r a ss wi r e as i ts st r ing , in to th r ee p ieces .W hen the women by m istake cu t on ly two , tha t wh ich isdouble the size is ca l led a bishop, and doomed to be mel tedo ver aga in — Impar tial H ist. of N ewe. , 1801 .

B I SON . S ee B IZEN .

BIT . 1 . Sma l l lov ingly used for d im inut i ve or homely things .An i nnocen t bit lass . Aa didwha t bit thing na cou ld for

him.

”Aa wadden t he ’ m inded , bu t , .ye see, aa had me bit

bet ter things on .

S he cloots the bits 0'

bai r ns aboot. —T . W i lson , The Weshin D ay ,

1 843 .

Aa gat the bits 0’

ba i r ns to bed.

”— T . W i lson , M ar ket D ay , 1 854 .

S he tel ls me al l her bits 0’

news .-Pi tman '

s Pay , 1 826 , p . 14 .

2 . Shor t . A bit twine .

Yen neet he ga t a bi t waak tiv h issel— Geordy

'

s Last, 1 878 ,p . 9.

S et th ine hand to this bi t wr i ting .—7 oco-S er ious D iscour se, Newcastle

1 686 , p . 62 .

3 . A shor t t ime .S es aa , hadon a bi t. —H l $ Other E ye, 1 880, p . 2 .

B IT AN’

BRAT , food andclothing .

M aw canny bai r ns lu ik pale andwan ,

Thei r bi ts andbr ats ar e var r y scant .

”

T . W i lson , Pitman’

s Pay , 1 826 , ed. 1 872 , p . 1 1 .

B ITCH ,to spoi l a p iece of wor k . Ye've bitched the byel job .

O r , as a substan t ive , Ye’ ve myeda bitch on

’

t.”

B ITCH ,BECH E , an inst r umen t made of i r on , and having

some r esemblance to the ext inguisher of a candle , used forext r act ing bor e-r ods when they br eak.

B ITCH -AND -PUPS , a mason’ s hammer used for scabbl ing

stones , havmg one ch isel in ser ted at each endof i ts face.

B ITCH -NAIL , a hold ing -down na i l for t r am -pla tes , &c. ,

having the poin t faced in the same l ine a s the head , as

d ist ingu ished fr om a dog-nai l , or dog , wh ich has a chi sel

poin t faced at r ight angles to the hook-shaped head .

B ITTERSWEET ,the woody n ightshade , S olanum dulcamar a ;

called a lso Pnzzen Ba r ry.

60 N ORTH UM BE RLAN D WORD S .

B ITTLE ,to maul , to beetle. Aa feel as i f aa

’

d been bittled

aa ower . Sa id on feeling st iff and sor e a ll over , as if thesensa t ion wer e tha t of ha ving been bea ten wi th a stick .

Singles , or handfu ls of co r n ga ther ed by g leaner s , ar e car r iedhome and after war ds bittled. S ee BATTLE .

B ITTLE , a beetle , or wooden beater for bea ting flax or l inen

clothes . “ AS b l ind as a bittle, a ver y common exp r ession .

S ee BEETLE .

B ITTOCK a li t t le bit.

This endwas ju st twa inches o '

r e ,

Andthat was sax andbittock mor e

G . S tuar t , 7oco-S er zous D i scour se, N ewcastle , 1686 , p 60.

B IV , by. I t is used befor e a vowel on ly , or befor e a si len taspi r a te , as Bet biv a m i le.

”H e ken

’d him biv his (biv ees)hat .

”H e steud bi the hor se andheld him bi the heed , and

he saa hi s fyece bio a lamp .

”S ee B 1 andB IN .

B IVVE R , to tremble , to vib r a te , to quake w ith fea r . I t ’ s aaiv a bivver . D other has the same mean ing .

“ H e wis aa l iv

a dother .

”Gann in dother in aboot .” A dother in feyul . S ee

B I BBER .B 1v15 , ver b , obsolete— to shake , tr emble.

—D r . M ur r ay,N ewE ng D iet.

B IZEN , B I SON , BYSEN , a Show , a spectacle of d isgr ace .

A holy bizen . A ver y consp icuous th ing , or an over d r essedper son . She ’s that dressed , she

’ s a fa i r bizen.

”

Andwas I not a ver y wise one

T o gang andmake my-sel’

a by-zOn 9

’

G . S tuar t , 7 oco-S er ious D iscour se, Newcastle ,1686 .

T hewr iter appends a note , Q uer y By song— a thing to bewonder edat .

A common menace they (the S andgate women) u se to each other is :

I’

l l make a holy byson ofyou .— Br and, Pop. Antiqu i ties, 1 77 7 , p . 1 85 , note.

T he r eck’

n ing , my sou l ! was a bi zan !”— T . Thompson , d. 1 8 16 , Canny

Newcastle.

Bu t tha t’

s not a , for M r . SmithTel l ’dme the candles a

’

wer e r isin

Dear me ,

‘

ses aw , S ir , what’

s that with

I t’

s by ma tr u ly qu ite a byson .

’

I t is the plaguey war , I fea r .

’

Bl i ss me ,

’

ses aw, that'

s var r y queer ,D e they fight now wi

’

candle - leet

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 829 , pt .

A bison sight , on M onday n i ght ,T he wor st that er e you saw.

Town Cler k’

s S afety Va lve.

Ba rds o the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 503 .

NORTH U M B E R LAN D W ORD S . 6 1

B IZZ ,to buzz ; to fuss about , or go w ith a d i stu r b ing noi se .

Gann in bizzin aboot .” What ’ s the feyul bizzin aboot ther efor

B IZ Z E R , a ci r cular piece of metal fr om two to th r ee inchesd iameter , n otched r ound the edge , w i th two holes nea r thecen t r e . A double cor d is pa ssed th r ough them , and the

a lter na te twi s t ing and un twi sting when pul led causes a

buzzing noise . Thi s toy is usua lly made of a piece of

t inplate.

BLAA , b r eath . Get yor blaa , to take you r r est for an in ter valdur ing ha r d exer tion .

BLAA ,to blow .

“ I t ’s eneu f t o blaa ye off yor feet .”

H e blaa'

el

the leet oot .” “ T he W ind ’ s blaan ’

cl off.”

BLAA-M AA-L U G , a fleechin , noi sy fel low .

BLAAN -MEAT , mea t in which a“ blow -fly has deposi ted its

eggs .

BLAAN -M ILK , skimmed m ilk , tha t i s, m ilk fr om wh ich thecr eam has been taken , o r blown off.

BLAA-OOT, a d r inking bout . A man d r ank two quar t s of

beer at a publ ic-house , and, on r et i r ing , Obser ved to the

landlor d,

“ Tha t ’s good beer , mistor ; when aa come back ,

aa’

l l hev a r eg ’

la r blaa -oot.”

T he upshot was a gaudy-day,

A g r andblaw-oot w1

’ G r u ndy'

s yel l

Thomas W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i v . 96 .

BLAB , to talk loosely , to blaze ab r oad .

Hout , hinny, baudth’ blabbing jaw.

Pi tman '

s Pay,1 826 , pt . i . , v . 70.

BLABBER , same as B LAB ; not to be confounded wi thblubbe r ,

”bu t often used as BLETH ER , wh ich see H e

’

l l

blabber an taak aal l neet , if ye’

l l oney lissen tiv him.

BLABBER , t o cr y , t o blubber

BLACK in m in ing , any dar k colour ed st r atum — not

necessa r i ly black , as“ B lack Bandstone .

”

BLACK-A-V I S’

D , da r k in complexion ,black vi saged .

62 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

BLACK -BOW -W OW E R S , BLACK -BOW -WOW -ORTS,

BLACK-BERR I ES , b r ambleber r ies— the fr ui t of the R nbns

fr ucticosns. S ee B UMMEL -K ITE .

BLACK BUNTING , the r eed bun t ing , Cinchr amns schceniclns,

L inn.

BLACK -CAP S , the field wood r ush , a nla campestr is ; ca lleda lso Peeseweej) Gr ass andCnchoo Gr ass.

BLACK COCK , the black gr ouse . S ee B ROW N H E N o r

B LACK GAM E .

BLACK COLE HEAD ,the cole t i tmouse , Pa r ns ater ; ca l led

al so Cole H eadandCole T it.

BLACK -DAM P , stythe , ca r bon ic acid gas.

BLACK -DIAM ONDS , coa ls .T he bonny black

-di amonds gaun down i’

the keels ,TO warm a

’

the sta r vedbodies i ' L unnen .

”

T . W i lson , S tanzas on a Li ne of I ntendedR oad,1 825 .

BLACK D IVER , BLACK DUCK , the scoter , Oidenzia nig r a .

BLACKEY , a blackamoor .

An’

to S how them we deal wi’

N ewcassel ,Twee B lackeys sal mense the dor cheek.

”

W . M idford’

s Col lection , Pi tman ’

s Cour tship, 1 8 1 8 .

BLACKEY , the blackbi r d , a dns mer ula .

BLACK-FASTING , r igid , sever e fast ing - B r ockett.

BLACK-GOB , a ter m of con tempt .In the books Of the B r icklayer s

’ Company of Newcastle , an entr y of

ju ly 29 , 1 8 1 2 , r eads Thomas Hewson compla ins agai nst josephGal loway for calling him B lack Gob.

T he r efer ence may be to on e wea r ing a moustache . Bea r dsandmoustaches wer e , befor e the yea r 1 85 1 , looked upon W i thgr eat con tempt .

BLACK GOOSE , the b r en t goose , Ber nicia br enta ; calleda lso War e Goose.

BLACK -HEADED LADD IES , the bul r ush , Typha latifol ia .

BLACK-JACK , the colesay ; often called R och S almon byfisher men .

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S . 63

BLACK-JACK , blende , or sulphur et of z inc.

BLACK -M AIL , a t r ibute for mer ly exacted fr om far mer s andsmall owner s in the Bor der Coun ties of England andScot land , and a long the H ighland bo r der

, by fr eeboot ingch iefs , in r etu r n for p r otect ion or immun i ty fr om plunder .

[F r om mai l , r en t , t r ibute .] — D r . M u r r ay , N ew E ng . D iet.

B lack-ma i l , i t i s said , was le v ied in Rothbur y andRedesda le ,

in Nor thumber land , as la te as 1 720. Compa r e SAU R EYMON EY .

BLACK -M ARTIN, the swi ft , Cypselus apus ; ca lled a lso the

S cr eamer .

BLACK MONDAY , the fi r s t day of going to school after thevaca t ion ; S O denom in a ted , no doub t , fr om the Black IVIondayr ecor ded in ou r h isto r y ; for wh ich see Stowe . T he dayfollowing is ca l led Bloody Tuesday .

— B r ockett.

BLACK-N E B , the ca r r ion cr ow, Cor vus eor one, L inn.

BLACK -POW -H EED , the blackcap , Sylvia atr icapi lla .

BLACKSM ITH . B lacksmi ths will not l ight thei r fi r es on

Good F r iday . I f necessi ty compels them to do anyth ing i nthe shop , they w il l not br ing fi r e in , bu t W l l l make it byst r iking a piece of i r on un ti l it becomes r ed hot .— R ev . J .

F . B igge , S uper sti tions of S tamfordham.—T r ansactions Tyneside

N atur alists’

F ieldClub, 1 860-62 , vol . v . , p . 92 .

BLACKSM ITH -OF -KIND i s a blacksm ith the seven th indescen t of a fam ily Of sm i ths . T he R ev . John H odgsondescr ibes a cu r ious super sti t ion

I f a ch i ld be i l l , seven men , whose father s , g r andfather s , andg r eat

g r andfather s have been blacksmi ths , col lect in a ci r cle , at the cen tr e of

wh i ch the indisposed ch i ld is la id upon an anvi l , and the ci r cle wavethei r hammer s ove r i ts head, and u tter with g r ea t for ce the str oke-

g r oan‘ begh .

’

I f the chi ld be ter r ified, the symptom is favou r ab le ; if i t ber egardless of thei r menaces , l i fe is supposed to be in i ts socket T o

secu r e the cha r m each smith has 6d. , ale , and b r ead and cheese .

Hodgson M S .

T he cha r m has been wo r ked with one smi th on ly , who is a

blaehsnzi th-of -hind. S ee HEART -GROW N .

BLADDERY , hav ing a i r bubb les enclosed . S lag fr om a

fur nace , fu ll of l i t tle a i r cel ls , is said to be bladdery.

64 NO RTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

BLADE , a keen , shar p , or smar t man . H e ’ s a knaain

blade. A bonny blade ye a r e .

W h ile str oll ing down sweet S andgate S tr eet ,A man -o

’-war

’

s blade I chanced to meet

Old S ong , Ti ll the Tide Comes I n .

That blade for my siller , he’s fast in the heft.

yoeo-S er zous Discour se, 1 686 .

BLAE ,of a dar k co lour between black and blue b lackish

b lue of the colou r of the blue-ber ry . Appl ied to the complexionor colour of the human body , as a ffected by cold or con tusionl ivid . H ence black and blae, now a l ter ed to black andblue.

D r . M ur r ay , N ew E ng . D iet. S ee B LEE .

BLAE -BERRY , the b ilber ry or whor tleber r y , Vaccinium

myr tillus. S ee B LEA- BERRY.

BLAE W ING , BL E E W ING , a favou r i te artificial fly,used

by angler s on Nor th -coun t r y s treams .

BL AGAI R D , t o blackgua r d a blackguard .

BLAKE , yel low , of a golden colou r ; spoken of butter , cheese ,&c. Hence the yel low bun ting —ember iza citr inella— is

,in some

places , ca lled a blaheling . A wound i s said to be blakeningwhen it put s on an appea r ance of healing — B r ockett.

BLAKE , cold , exposed , bleak.

B lakelaw.

"— Nor thumber land.— B r oekett.

BLARE , to cr y, to lamen t to shout loudly.

A blai r in coo seun for gets hor calf."— Pr over b.

At what he sa idaw cou ldhae blai r ed.—T .W i lson , The Pitman

'

s Pay ,

1 829 , pt . i i i v. 43 .

F r ae the Point r oundthe Gi r t, a’

the time sai l ing slow,

Each bu l l ie kept bawl in , T he Empty Ki te , ho

Bu t thei r blai r in was vain , for ne Empty Kite ther e ,

Though they blai r’

dti l l thei r kites wer e byeth empty and sa i r .

R ober t Gi lchr ist , S hipper’

s Er udi tion , 1 824 .

BLARE , a weeping cr y, a loud shout .I t answer edwiv a gr oanin blai r .

— J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, H aml ick ,

Pr ince 0’ Denton .

BLARE , a pa ste made Of ta r m ixed wi th hai r , used forcaulking the seams of keels andboat s .

BLAR IN , r oa r ing loud , appl ied to peev ish ch i ldren andvu lgard r unken noise — H odgson M S .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

66 NORTHUMB ERLAND W ORDS .

BLAVER , BLAWORT ,the co r n b luebottle , Centaur ea cyanus,

L . fo rmer ly kn own as Blueblaw (Tu r ner ) . I t i s an occasiona lweed in cul tiva ted fields , bu t was fo r mer ly abundan t .

BLEA-BERRY , BLEE -BERRY , blue ber r y. I t i s other wiseknown as the Bi lber ry or B lack Whor tle-ber ry . S ee B LAEBERRY .

T he fr u it of Vaccini ummyr ti l lus, ever ywher e common in denes andon

heaths , ascending to al l the peaks. 850 ya rds on Cheviot .

”-Flor a of

Nor thumber landandDur ham‘— Natur al H istor yTr ansactions. vol . 11.

BLEACH , a black shale of the na tu r e Of car bon ,found in

con tact wi th or nea r a coa l seam . B leach is p r obably blech,black .

BLEACH , the act of r a in fa ll ing in a st r ong w ind . Q .

“ I syou r r oof t ight ? A . I t ’ s a al l t ight , except when the r a in

bleaches. Tha t i s , when the wind is d r iven violen tly a slan t ,so finding i ts way be tween the lapped edges of the t iles .Aa wis oot iv aa l the wet , andwha t a bleachin aa gat

BL E ACH IN ,wander ing . H e

’s aye gan bleachin aboot .

BLEB , a bubble , a bli ster . S ee B LOB .

BLECK , pi tch or ta r upon r opes.

BL E D D E R, a bladder ; bu t see B LETH ER , wh ich is the common

p r onuncia tion .

BLEE , BLAE , livid , blue , or pu r ple , the colou r of a sloe . I tis appl ied in the sen se as when a man is sa id to “ look blue ,or to an ashen blue colou r . S ee B LAE andB LEA-BERRY .

A mi ller chep aw chanced to see ,

F r e oot amang the cr ood se blae,W is r u nn ing up a ya r dse slee .

Theatr e in an Upr oar .

Ba rds of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 1 84 .

BLEED , to y i eld ; appl ied to cor n , wh ich is said to “ bleed

well ,” when on th r a sh ing it happen s to be ver y p r oduct ive.

B r ockett, quot ing fr om R ay’

s Gloss.

Goal is sa id to bleedwhen water oozes in dr ops fr om i ts por es .

Gr eenwell .

BLEEZE ,to b laze .

“ T he hoose is bleezin .

” “ The paanshopbleezin.

BL E E Z E R , a hood t o blow up a fi r e. f‘ Pu t the bleezer up ,and let ’s hev a lowe .

”

NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S . 6 7

BL E N D IN S , BL E N D L IN S , or BR AN D L IN S ,pea s and

bean s m i xed .

BL E N KAR D , a fighting cock tha t has lost one eye . Thewor d is also appl ied to a one -eyed per son .

“ T o be fought at M essr s S tata and S tephen son ’s pit , H igh B r idge ,

Newcastle , by cocks , on M onday , Apr i l 7 th ,1 8 1 7 , &c S tags to be

a l lowed 1 02 B lenkards 2 0z and the u sual al lowance for feather s .

Advt . in Newcastle Cour ant of the date .

BLETH ER to ta lk loosely , to b lab : to boas t

Daft John Bu l l , that blether in’

cu l l

J . P . R obson ,

“ L i zz ie L i ber ty ,

Bards of the Tyne, 1 849 .

BLETH ER , loose , blabbing talk.

Jaw’

da heap 0’

blether .

J P . R obson , d. 1 870, H aml ieh , pt . i i .

BLETH ER , a bladder , a pu r se , the bagp ipe .

R attl in’

l ike empty blether sT . W i lson , Ozli ng of D ichy

’

s Wig , 1 826

L ay by some cotter i ls i’

the blether .

T . W i lson , The Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1829 , pt. i i i v . 59

When this master of minstr elsy oxter edhis blether .

Nor ther n M i nstr els’ Budget.

BLETH ER-BREEKS , a boast ing , b r agging fellow talki ng ,not doing .

BL E T H E R S K IT E , BL E T H E R S KYE T , a babbling per son .

Fr omB lether andS kate, in S cotch u sedcontemptuously — D r M u r r ay,

N ew E ng D iet.

E LIG , a blackgua r d .

“ H e’

s a r eglor blig .

BL IN , bl i nd .

“ B lin Wi l ly .

Aw’

ve oft been sae bl in’

as te nu t knaw me mother .

”

T . W .lson , S tanzas on N ewL i ne of R oad, 1 824

BL IN,to da r ken , as thor n s put in to the gap of a hedge .

BL IN,to stop , or cause to stop , to cea se , to desi st — B r ockett.

BL INDERS , bl inke r s on a ho r se.

BL IND -WORM, or Slow-wo r m

,the Angu isfr ag ilis. S ee H AG

WORM .

68 NORTHU MBERLAN D W ORD S .

BLINK , BLENK , to glance wi th plea su r e .

O, the tr anspor ts of gladness that over me r eign

T o bl ink u pon canny Newcastle aga in .

"

T . O l i ver , Canny Newcastle Again .

Bards of the Tyne, 1 849.

M adam , indeed, i t'

s you r goodnatu r e

That blenks sae b lyth ly on you r cr eatur e.

yaw-S er ious D iscour se, Newcastle , 1686 , p 50.

BL INK , a glance , a gleam of light .

BL INKER , the eye.

Iv a’

the g r eet wonder s that da zzles wor bl inker s,l

T he tal lyg r ip’

s sar tin the king 0'

them a

J P . R obson , d. 1 870,

“ The Wonderful Tallygr ip.

”

BL IRT .

“ I n the bli r t , exposed to the fur y Of the elemen t s .I t is to be r emar ked tha t cat t le and sheep a lways fly befor ethe stor m into the bli r t hor ses never.

BL ISS , to bless .T he bonny oil lamps , too , w1 which we wer e blist,That twinkledso gai ly , l ike star s in a mist .

R . Gi lchr ist , 1 835 , S ong of Impr ovement.Ba rds of the Tyne, p . 4 1 8 .

Andhow the g r oundhe kist

Wher ein it wr itten was , andhow h imself he bl ist.

Spenser , iv v1i 46 , Nar e’

s Gloss.

BL I SS M E ! an exclama t ion .“B liss me! bai r n ,

wher e he ’ yebeen aa l l day P

”

BLOACH E R , any lar ge an imal . S ee BL U T CH E R .

BLOB , BLEIB , BL IBE , a bubble , a bl i ster . A ir blobs a r e

the floa ting bubbles on the wa ter , or soap bubb les . “ H is

feet was aa l blibes befor e he gat hyem.

”S ee B LEB .

Like honey blobs me hea r t’

11 b r ust .

J . P . R obson , Cal lerfor ney , 1 849 .

BL OBB E R S , bubbles , soap bubbles . H e’

s blaain blobber s.

They ’

r e b lawin blabber s wi ’ p ipe-stopples .”

BLONK , to disappoin t .Aw fandmawsel blonh’

dwhen te L unn in aw gat.

T. Thompson , d. 1 816 , Canny Newcastle.

BLOOD -ROOT , the to rmen ti l , Potentil la tormenti lla ; called a l soF lesh-and-blood, E we-daisy, andS hepherd

’

s-knot.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

7O NORTH U MB E RLAND WORD S .

s tones at th is poin t ar e elsewher e ca l led Cuthber t S tones. (Thesame, p . In the st r uctu r e wh ich p r eceded the p r esen tSw ing B r idge , the Cuthbe r t S tones we r e r ep r esen ted by theS ingle stone which extended acr oss the en t i r e width of the

ea ster n footway . On the demol i tion Of the b r idge th is ston ewa s p r eser ve d by the ca r e of R ichar d Ca i l , Esq . , andnow

r eposes in the Old Castle at Newca st le . T he blue stone is

men t ioned in J un e , 1 598 , when the Scot t ish p ledges wer edeli ver ed by the Nor thumber land au tho r i ties to those of the

coun ty of Du r ham “a t the Blue S tone upon Tyne b r idge .

(R . Welfo r d , H ist. of N ewe. , vol . i lj. , p .

BLUEY , one of many names for the hedge Spa r r ow , wh ich isva r iously ca lled H edgy ,

F ieldy , Spowey , S mokey , S nzotty ,and

Bluey— the la tter fr om the colour of its eggs . Bluey is a lso

one of the n ames of the blue t itmouse . S ee B LUE -BOTTLE .

BLUM , bloom .

“ T he wh in s ar e in blum.

BL U R Y cold , sha r p ; appl ied to the wea ther on a dullwindy day.

BLUSH , a bl ister . Aa’

ve a blush on me foot wi ’ waakin .

To b li ster . H e blushedhis hand wi pull in the boa t .”

BLUSH , an appea r ance . Aa d idn ’ t ken him at the for stblush.

In al l coun tr ies we say he or she hath a blush of, that i s , r esemb les

such anothe r .— R ay

'

s Gloss.

BL U T CH E R , BL OACH E R , a hea vy , u nwieldy in st r umen t ,or th ing . I t is a lso appl ied to descr ibe a huge an ima l .

BLYTH , glad .

H ow blyth wer e we— 7 oco-S er ious D i scour ses, 1686 , p 8 .

BLYT H N E S S , gladness .S or r ow to blythness was instan tly tu r ned.

— 7 oco-S el ious Discou r ses,1 686 , p . 8 .

B lyth and blythuess a r e in ter preted in the ma r gin of theseNewcast le di scou r ses as wor ds otherwise un in tel ligible to theSouther n Engl ishman .

BO ,a name ter r ific to ch ild r en , and a test of manhood when

add r essed to a goose.— S .

° Ol iver , R ambles in N or thumber land,1 835 , p . 98 . Bo-man , an appar i tion , a ghost . S ee BAD -MAN .

Bo [W . ba ll .

NORTHU MBERLAN D WORDS . 7 1

BOAK , W .-T . form of balk. S ee B AAK .

BOARD . S ee BORD .

BOB , a cr ank a t tached to a pumping r od, andcalled a T bob ,

or a V bob , or an L bob , accor d ing to i ts form .

BOB , cho r usAll you navigation wel l wisher s ,Ta r s , sa i lor s , mar ines , come a long ,

You fer r ymen , boatmen andfisher s ,

Come help to bea r bob in my song'

.

Genui ne Tom Wh i t/ell , 1 8 15 .

BOB a bunch , or cluster , as a Bob 0’

r ibbons .

They saw a l so tha r e vynes g r owe wi th wonde r e gr ete bobbis of

gr apes .

”— M . S . L incoln , A . i . 1 7 f , 42— Ha ll iwell 's D i et.

Aw my Jiggs ,AndJ igging -bobs a r e la 1d aside ,

Thei r Lace , thei r R lb l‘

l S , and thei r Pr ide .

G . S tuar t , f or e-S er ious D i scour ses, 1686 ,p . 45 .

I pu’

dher a posie o’

gowan s ,An

'

laid them in bobs a t her feet .

S ong by R ober t Beiget, R icha rdson’

s Table BookLegendary D i v. , vol . i . , p . 3 17 .

BOBBE R OU S , BOBBE R S OM E , hea r ty , ela ted , in h ighspi r i ts — B r ockett.

BOBBERY , BU BBE R Y , a noisy dis tur bance .

“ What s aa

thi s bobbery aboot

BOBBY , the p ink of per fection .

An’ W i l ly thou , wi

’

the jacket blue ,

Thou was the va r r a Bobby , O

J . S elk1r k , d. 1 8 43 , S wa lu'

ell H appen.

BOB -NET, ca lled a lso r ing -net , a long salmon net w ithout

any bosom (wh ich the other n et s have) . It is fixed by a

stone or ancho r at the one ext r emi ty in the r i ver t o a post orr ing on the shor e . Compa r e STE LL -N ET andWEAR SHOT-N ET .

BOBS , ca sters , or t r immer s of coa l on sh ip boar d .

M ay he l ive to cheer the bobs

That skew the coa ls to sh iver s ,W he l ike thei r dr i nk to g r ip thei r gobs ,An

’bu r n thei r va r r y l 1ver s

S ong ,B l indWi l l ie S ing ing .

Bards of the Tyne, p . 304.

72 NORTH U M BERLAND WO R D S .

BOB ’S -A-DYING . A gr ea t r ow or racket is ca l led a Bob’

s-a

dying .

“ What a Bob’

s-a -dying they made !” mean s “Wha t

a r ow they kicked up .

BOBY , a booby .

In sense they l ikenedus to cu l ls

In manner s to a boby ,

Yet oft we’ve hadwor dancen skuels ,

Andsometimes Punch andToby.

”

T.W i lson , O i ling of D icky’

s Wig , 1826 , v . 44 .

BOCK [N .] back.

BOD [N .] to command .

BODDLE , a sma ll i r on in st r umen t wh ich woodmen u se for

peel ing oaks andother t r ees . —H all iwell’

s D iet.

BODDLE , a sma ll coin , a half-fa r th ing . I t is used in the

sense of a common or compa r a t i vely valueless th ing .

Andaw the wit in Tony'

s noddleW 111 never make them wor th a boddle.

G . S tuar t , f ace-S er ious D i scour se, Newcastle , 1686 , p . 45 .

BOD D OM , bottom.

BODE , a bid.“ Wi l l anyone gi ve me a bode P asks an

auct ioneer . An un lucky bode is a b id wh ich happen s t obe made for anyth ing not for sa le. A hor se-dea le r in passinga far m took a fancy to a hor se which he saw andmade a bode

of £ 60 for i t. T he fa r mer sa id i t was not fo r sa le , and tha tno money would induce him to par t wi th it . Next day the

ho r se was found dead in a field,wher e it had impa led i tself

on a sha r p stob . Th i s was sa id , in the yea r 1 888 , to havebeen owing to the un lucky bode.

”

BODEN , BUDDEN (p.p. of bid) , to invi te , to command . In

fr equen t u se. S ee B 1D,2 .

BODEN , t o be in a d i fficu lty. H e’

s har d boden — that i s , hei s in st r ai tened ci r cumstances — B r ockett.

BOD L E R , a lar ge pin , used to fasten a shawl or p laid .

BODWORD , an i ll -natu r ed er r and . An Old wor d for an

om inous mes sage — B r ockett. (Obs.

Bodewordcam to h im fr o heavén .

Cu r r or M undi , M S . Col l . Tr in Cantab, f 8 .—Hall iwell .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

74 NORTH U M BERLAN D W ORD S .

bu ilder o r tenan t ha s never been known ; o r ther e a r e wa l lsand mounds of Roman or igin whose h i sto r y is a b lank , o r

m i les of pa ved r oad made in some fa r -off time . To a ll of

these , howeve r , the n e ighbour ing h ind ha s a legend , gi v ingthe n ame and h i stor y of a bogg le, who supe r n a tu r all

’y l i ved ,moved , and had his being in thi s wor ld , and sti ll r etur n s tohaun t the spot in ma r vel lous man ifesta tion s .

” These takethe fo rm of appar ition , t r an sfor ma t ion , r ap idi ty of movemen ton ea r th or in a i r , a nd they a r e accompan ied by fea ts o f

st r ength , or demon iaca l per for mances to fr ight the beholder .

T he gigan t ic fo r m of Lang Lonkin thus hung r ound h is

r uined castle in W hi ttle Dene , ter r ified the lone t r a veller byshaking his huge keys , or sca r ed the passer who saw his

dar k for m lu r king over his sunken t r ea sur e in the “Whor ldub . So , too , the nor th -ea st b r anch of the W a t l ing St r eet ,wh ich goes off fr om the g r ea t r oad at Bewclay, andpassesa thwa r t N or thumber land , is a scr ibed to the wor k of a boggle.

In maps , it is the Dev i l ’ s Causeway ,” bu t in loca l legend i t

i s Cobb ’ s Causey . Cobb was the bui lder of th is Cyclopeanway, and,

l ike his neighbour Cor , he was a jo'

tun. Leland , inhis I t iner a r y , descr ibes the si te of Roman Cor stopitum , and

says , Emong the r uines of the olde toun ,is a place cau llid

Colecester , wher ha th bene a for ter es or castelle . T he

peple ther say tha t ther dwel led yn i t one Yotun , whom theyfable to ha ve been a gygant .

” Thi s is “ gian t Cor ," who was

active in t imes to wh ich the memor y of men yet r eaches ,though his la ter fea t s wer e l im i ted to such simple doings as

to in ter cept a lad on his way to the Sm i thy , sna tch thecoulter wh ich he ca r r ied , and, wi th one g r a sp of his m ightyhand , to cr umple i t l ike a leaf. T he cou lter , thus ben t andtwi sted , was seen of many as it lay on the spot wher e the

gian t hadca st i t ; so that if ther e be not five j ustices’ handsat it ther e i s yet fa ir test imony fr om r espectable people as

t o the t r uth of the ci r cumstance . Cor had two b r other s ,named Ben andCon , and thus came the names Cor br idge ,

Benfieldside , and Con set t . “ They had a huge hammer incommon ,

wh ich each , at a wh i stle , could th r ow n ine m iles .On one occasion , when Con , who had become b l ind , th r ewthe hammer , i t fel l shor t , and made H owden wh ich , as thename ind ica tes , is a hol low dene nea r Con set t . (L egends andS uper stitions of Co. D ur ham, p . A bogg le of la ter or iginwas the H edley K ow.

“ About S 1x ty year s Since the coun t r ypeople in the neighbour hood of H edley , a sma ll v i llage in thesouth of No r thumber land , not far fr om Ebchester , in the

coun ty of Dur ham , wer e fr equen tly annoyed by the p r anks ofa boggle, ca lled the H edley Kow. (S . O l iver , the Younger ,

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 75

R ambles in N or thumber land,1 835 , p . M r . L ong staffe g ives

the loca tion a t th is same place , bu t M r . B r ockie makes thescene of his exploi t s a t H edley , near Ra ven swor th (about 4%to 5 m i les S .S .W . of Newcastle) , and deta i ls his manyver sa ti le per fo rmances as he t r an sfo rmed h imself in to the

appear ance of man, o r beast , o r fad of st r aw , and then

sudden ly van i shed wi th a demon iac yel l of laughter . N o r

wer e these po r ten t ious be ings found on ly in the lone lonn ingsOf the coun ty . T he Bo-

ghest, or Bo-

g ha ist, wa s a ver i tableper sona l i ty 1n the st r eets of Newca stle befor e lamp and

wa tch Act s we r e obta ined . I n a l l ca ses , i t is to be r emem

ber ed tha t a loca l hab i ta t ion anda name , as wel l a s an accur a teaccoun t of the l i fe andad ven tur es of the boggle, wer e gi ven .

BOG IE , a sma ll , low, four -wheeled ba r r ow . T he wor d is

appl ied to any low t r uck for the ca r r iage of ca sks or othermer chandise to the sma l l t r uck of the pla telayer so fam i liaron ou r r a ilways ; and to the flat boa r d , wi th four sma llwheels , used by boys in p lay for r unn ing down a hil l .

In Dean S tr eet , when car ts or when bog ies came down ,

T he noise made one’

s hea r t glad, one’

s lugs fi t to stoun .

R G ilch r ist , 1 835 , S ong of Impr ovementsBa rds of the Tyne, p . 4 16 .

R e id then impr ovedwor tr ip te S hielsAndTynemou th i

'

the season ,

A k1udo’

hear se on bog ie wheels

A pa ten ’ pr ess for squ eezin’

.

T . W 1lson , Capta ins andthe Q uayside, 1 840

BOG -SP INK , the lady’s smock , or meadow bi tter ness , Cardamine

pr atensis ; ca lled a lso P inks, or s nks , M ayflower , and Cuckoo

flower .

BOG -STACKER,a gobl in ,

a ghost ; on e in a di lemma whodoes not know wh ich way t o tur n .

“ H e W is stann in justl ike a bog -stacker .

”

BOG-TH R I SSEL , the Carduus palustr is, L .

BOIL E Y , bo iled m i lk andb r ead .

H e the b r ats of the ir bozley wi l l b i lk .

S ong , Tweedside.

BOKY , soft .— N or thumber land.—H all iwell

’

s D iet. P r obably“ boagy,

”the spoken for m of boggy.

76 NORTH U MBERLAND WORD S .

BOLE -H ILLS (boal -hi lls) , heaps of metallic scor ia , wh ich a r eoften met wi th in the lead m ine d i str ict s . They a r e the

r ema in s of an ancien t andver y Simple mode of smelt ing leadby wood fi r es , on h i lls , in the Open a i r .

-B r ockett.

BOLL , BOAL , BOU , or BOW . At Alnwick , a bell of ba r leyor oa ts was six bushel s ; of whea t two bushels . AtHexham , a belt of ba r ley or of oa t s , five bushels ; of pea s ,r ye , or whea t , four bushels ; at Newcastle , two bushels ; atWooler , S ix bushels ; ther e cal led the “

aadbow (or Scotchbol l)

T he Coal Bell has been r a ised upon a measu r e equal , pr obably, tothat of cor n . I t was as much as a man cou ldconven iently ca r r y.

W hen ‘ bar r ows’wer e b r ought into u se

, the quanti tyconveyedmor eased,

and along wi th it the boll a lso incr eased. In some old g r ants this

measu r e i s specifiedas the ‘ bowle or bar r owe .

’By statu te 30 Ca r . 11

c. 8 , the bowl tub of Newcastle i s declar ed to con tain 22 gal lons and a

pottle (225 ga llon s) , W inchester measu r e ; it was 27 inches in diameter ,and ther e wer e 2 1 bol ls heapedmeasu r e to each chaldr on . By the same

Act , the content of each wa in is to be seven bolls , andeach car t th r ee

bol ls andone bu shel heapedmeasu r e , and th r ee wa ins or six ca r ts ar e to

be a chaldr on .— T . John Taylor , A r chaeology Coal T r ade, 1 852 .

T he coal boll conta ins cubic inches , or imper ialgallons

— Glossa ry to L awof M i nes, W . Ba inb r idge , 1 856 , p . 653 .

I tem pd for ten bou les of coles for the infected people ’

s u se , 55 .

GatesheadChu r ch Books, 1646 .

BO-LO , a term used by nu r ses to fr ighten ch i ld r en .“ The

Bo-lo wi ll get you S ee BOGGLE .

BOLT , to fine flou r thr ough a sieve . Whi te flour and wh i tebr ead wer e for mer ly ca lled “ bolted

”or

“ booted. An

adver tisemen t of 1828 r eads , “ H ay and M acla in , Bolted

br ead baker s , No . 14 , S ide , Newca stle . Bou lt is the

h i stor ica l spelling of the wor d— not bolt. S ee B OOTED LOAF .

BO-M AN , a ghostly being , or boggle . See BOGG LE .

BON’

, bond , su r ety . H e wis bon’

for him —he was su r etyfo r him. T he bond1s the agr eemen t between coalowner s and

thei r men . Now an obsolete term . S ee B IND IN .

BON . Th i s wor d occu r s in the common exclama tion s “ Go

bon and “ D i bon .

”Ben in these conn ect ion s looks ve r y

l ike ban , or cur se . If th is is the wor d , then Go ban ! would beequivalen t ‘ to God ’ s cur se ,

”and D i bon to D eel

’

s cu r se .

”

S ee EXCLAMAT ION S .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

78 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

For the annu al midsummer ‘ banefi r e,’

or‘ bonfi r e,

’

in the bu r gh ofHawick , o ldbones wer e r egu la r ly col lectedand stor edup.down to abou t

—I n ord. Cooks , Newe 1 57 5— Br and’

s Popular A ntiqu i ti es, 1 870, i

1 78 . T he sa idFel lowsh ip of Cookes sha l l yea r el i ema in te igne andkeepthe bone-fir es— that is to say, one bone-fir e on the even of the Feast of the

N ativitie of S t John Bapt i st , and the othe r on the even of the Feast of S t.Peter the Apostle ! -D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng D i et.

T he M ayor'

s muckle bane-fi r e set on flame .—G . S tuar t , 7oco-S er ious

D iscour se, Newcastle , 1686 , p . 1 8 .

BONGRACE , a Shade o r cu r tain fo r mer ly wor n on the fr on tof women

’ s bonnet s or caps to p r otect the comple x ion fr omthe sun ; a sun shade .

—D r . M ur r ay , N ew E ng . D iet. Th i sa r ticle of costume is yet in r egular u se among the womenwor ker s in the N o r thumber land field s, bu t the sweetness ofthe old name is now-a -days lost t o us , and it is common lycalled an “ ugly . (Obs.)

H er bong r ace was of wended str aw,

Fr om the sun’

s beams her face to fr ee

S ong , The Nor thumber landBagpiper .

BONKER , BUNKER , a fixed sea t , Often a box or r eceptaclebelow anda sea t on top .

W ha sat them close u pon the i r bonker s.— G . S tuar t, 7oco-S er ious

D iscour se, Newcastle , 1 686 .

BONN ILY , fai r ly , p r et ty wel l . Yo r get tin ’on bonni ly wi

’

d,

aa see .

BONNY , good look ing. Th i s wor d in the dia lect is oftenused , l ike the wor d “

canny , t o descr ibe char acter as well asoutwar d comeliness . “ W ha t a bonny ba i r n I t descr ibesany good appear ance , as

“ A bonny hoose ,” “ A bonny ho r se ,

”

“ A bonny place ,” “ A bonny fyece .

” “ Bonny at mor n , canny atneet .” By in ver sion i t mean s the r ever se of anything good .

Thor ’ s a bonny gam gaan on . Ye ’ve made a bonny messon

’

t, noo . Aa’

d a bonny t ime on’t.

”Yor a bonny chep ,

noo H er e’ s a bonny go .

”

M y bonny keel laddie , my canny keel laddie ,

M y bonny keel laddie for me , OOld S ong .

BOODY, BOOLY , a p iece of b r oken pot , or ear thenwar e ,used by ch i ld r en for decor a ting thei r p lay-houses . —H odgson

M S .

A whir lwindcam an’

myed a’

souse,

Like heaps 0’

babby boodies.

”

J . Thompson , 7 immy yoneson’

s Whor ry.

A heap 0’

bi ts 0’

boodies.- H is Other E ye, 1 880, p . 4 .

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 79

BOOD YAN K E R S ! an exclama t ion . Boodyanker s ! her e’ s a

tr a ikle bar l br ust (chor us of j u ven i les at a shop door ) .

BOODY-H OOSE , a ch i ld ’ s play -house , set out with “ boodies .

BOOGE (hoofe) , to bulge , to give g r ound . H e never booged.

BOOK , bulk. To gan in to li tt le book.

BOOL , the bole , or stem of a t r ee below the br anches . Wha tlength is the bool P — what i s the length of the best timberthe t r ee up to i ts b r anches .

BOOL , an i r on plate a t tached to the oa r s of keel s andwher r ies .T he bool has a r ound eye in i ts cen tr e , and th r ough th i s thethole pin passes .

BOOL , a r ounded water -wo r n stone , such as is u sed for pavingside walks in coun t r y places . A bowl or ba ll , usua l ly madeof stone , and th r own in a game of bool in .

” W a r the

bool ’ — the customar y caut ion , shouted as a bowl i s th r own .

W ar the bool ther e , wor the bool ther e ! Ha r r y W ardle'

s myed a

th r ow.

"— E . Cor van , d. 1 865 , War Tyneside Champions — Allan’

s Col lecti on ,

p . 88 .

N e lad l ike h im cou ldheave a bool .

J . P . R obson ,

“ Days andDeeds o’

S hakspear e.

Bards of the Tyne, p . 99 .

Bob hez thee at loupin’

an fl ing in’

,

At the bool , footbal l , clubby, and

J . S elki r k , d. 1 843 , B ob Cr anky'

s’

S ize S unday .

BOOL , to play at the game of boolin , or bowling . T he usua lp lay is t o go r ound a cour se in the fewest number of th r ows .Weights of bowls a r e specified in a ma tch .

Then ower the moor , an’

r oondthe coa r se , ye'

l l tynd them bool in ther e .

E Cor van , Wor Tyneside Champi ons.

BOOL , to r un ver y qu ickly .

In aw bools.— J . P . R obson , Pol ly

’

s Nickstick, 1 848 .

Fr om a long r ow of g inger b r ead and or ange stal ls cou ld be hea rdsome dame cr yi ng ou t lu sti ly , Bool up and buy away .

’ — Descr iption ofS tagshawbank Fai n— R . For ste r , H istory of Cor br idge, 1 88 1 , p 67 .

T he Du tchman bool’

da lang ,U pon a g imcr ack leg

T . W i lson , Opening of Newcastle andCar lisle R ai lway , 1 838 .

BOOLIES [W . potsher ds . S ee BOODY .

BOOL T E R , a m i ller . See BOLT .

80 NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S .

BOOLY . S ee BOODY .

BOOLY , BULLY , the bu llfinch , Pyr r hula vulgar is.

BOOM ER , smuggled g in . In the th ir d edi tion Of B r ockett’

s

Gloss. the wor d i s om i t ted . In the second ed i t ion i t appea r swi th the note , So cal led fr om a place in Nor thumber land ”

(Boulmer ) ,“ wher e tha t stagger ing test of loya l ty— the

paymen t of imposts— is impenet r ab le . T he connect ion of

Boulmer wi th smuggling was former ly p r over b ial ; and not

on ly g in , bu t all kinds of taxed commod ities , wer e common lysupplied “ duty fr ee ”

by the adven tur ous fisher men of tha tplace.

BOOM E -TREE , the name of a vener able t r ee which stood inthe wa ll of the chur chya r d at Alnwick. I t was b lown downon 1 7 th Feb r ua r y , 1 836 . I t was a n oble specimen of the

common ash (F r aximus excelsior ) .— Wm . D ickson , in H ist. ofBhs. N atur alists

’

Club, vol . iv . , p . 1 2 . Compa r e BOR -TREE .

BOON , bound .“ Aa

’

s boon to be there. Wher e a r e youbeen for ?

”

BOON , BEUN , to do ser vice to another as a landlord— R ay’

s

Gloss.

BOON , a band of reaper s . S ee BAN D W i N .

“ Ther e i s a con test among the maidens in the boon or gang ofr eaper s .

"-W . Br ockie , Legends andS uper sti tions, p . 1 1 1 .

R OOND ,to enclose. T he fina l doften si len t .

BOON D AR Y , boundary.

BOON -DAY ,

“ the ser vice Of a day ’s wor k which tenan t sr ender ed the ir lor d in agr icul tur al wo r k.

”-T he R ev. Canon

G r eenwell , Glossary to The Boldon Buke. Boon -day i s alsoa day ’ s plough ing r ender ed gr atui tously by neighbou r ingfa r mer s t o a new tenan t . On these occa sion s the teamsvie wi th each other in appear ance and in the wor k of the

day. Hor ses a r e specia lly gr oomed and ga i ly decor a ted wi thr oset tes andcolou r ed r ibbon s . S ee BOND -DARG andDARG .

BOON D E R , BOUNDER ,to con t r ol . “ Ye mun boender

yor sel” —you must con t r ol your self. Her e , Ma r y , help me

wi’ thi s jam ; i t cann a be boonder ed. T he jam was boil ing

over . [H ear d at Th r opton .]

BOOND L E S S , boundless .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

82 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

BOOTED -LOAF , a loaf of fine o r booted bolted) flou r , andmade specia lly for the cr yin

’ oot , the t ime when an incr easein the fam i ly occu r r ed . In t imes when b r own leavened br eadon ly was used , a loaf made of fine whi te flour was a Specia lluxur y . I t was ser ved up at confinements , with wha t was

app r opr iately ca lled “ gr oan ing cheese ,” to the neighbou r s

who hadcome to condole andhelp on the occa sion .

BOOT-H ALER , a fr eebooter , r obber , or mar auder .—B r oekett.

(Obs.)

BOOTH ER ,BOOD E R , a boulder .

BOOTHMAN , a co r n me r chan t of for mer days . T he Bo'othmen wer e inco r por a ted Wi th the company of M e r chan tAdven tur er s in N ewcastle . (Obs.)

BOOTY , unfai r ly. Obs.)

S ometimes they’

ll play fai r ly, and Wh iles they’ l l play booty .

G . S tuar t , 7oco-S er ious D i scour se, 1 686 .

BOOZE , a d r ink ing bout . H e’

s on the booze -that is, he hasa d r inking fit .

We’ll hev a r oyal booze te—day.

T . W i lson , The Oi l ing of D ieky’

s Wig , 1 826 .

We boozedaway til l the br eak of day .

Old S ong , T i l l the Tide Comes In .

BOOZY , d r unken .

BOOZY-ALLEY , an ejacula t ion used by boys .“ Ye boozy

alley ,wha t a cr ood thor is !

BOR (the pr onuncia t ion of bur r ) , the name for the guttural rof N or thumber land .

BORD , BOARD ,“ the space a llotted gener ally to one man

to wor k in , in a coll ier y .

” —Gloss. toPi tman’

sPay. A sheth ofboards, i s the n ame of a gr oup of boards. Ther e ar e

“nar r ow

boards,” “ t r a vell ing boards ,

” “ stow boards,” “ the mother ’ s ga te ,

or common going board,”&c. , a ll of them distingui sh ing the

kind of boar d wh ich they descr ibe. In a glossa r y of coa lt r ade terms , 1 849, a

“ wide board”i s descr ibed as a pi lla r in

length and fou r or five yar ds in width— a“na r r ow boa rd”

not

mor e than two yar ds w ide . The older wo r kings , however ,ar e descr ibed in the following note fr om a quain t oldbook

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

'83

A yard and quar ter br oad or wide for a headways is fu l l su ffi cient ,and ou t of this i t is we tu r n oh

“

the boa rds or other wor kings , for ever ypa r ticu lar hewer , o r miner , and that boar dor wor k place for that one

man is gener a lly abou t thr ee ya rds , or better , in b r eadth , and so fr omthe headways ,

wh ich we W l l l say r u ns sou th , we wor k the boards east andwest of the headways

— J . C . , The Compleat Collier , 1 708 , p . 42 .

A passage dr iven acr oss the fib r es , or gr a in of the coal .”— M in Gloss. ,

Newe. Terms. S ee CL E AT .

T he bords, or ma in excavations , ar e dr iven in par a llel l ines acr oss theplanes of cleavage of the seam (on account of the coal being wor kedmosteasi ly in this di r ection) , and of a W idth of thr ee , fou r , or five ya rds ,accor ding to the char acter of the r oof of the mine . Between these

bords , wal ls or r ibs of coal a r e left , whi le nar r ow excavations (abou t twoyards in width ) , termed headways, a r e dr iven at in ter vals to connect the

bords with each other for pu r poses of hau lage and ventilation .

R . L . Gal loway, H ist. of Coal M i ning , 1 882 , p 85 .

In bye they bum’

dme in a cr ack,An

'

left me i'

ma fa ither’

s bord.

"

T . W i lson , P i tman’

s Pay , p . i i v . 35 .

BORD , a bi r d .“ A r ly bord is the ver y fam i l iar sound in

Newca stle for ea r ly bi r d .

”

BORDE-CLOTH , a tablecloth . (Obs.)

3 lyn bor de-clothes , a shott and a longr , 4s. 8d.-Wi ll , in R ichard

W elford’

s H i st. of Newe. X VI Cent. , p . 320.

BORDER , T H E BORDER ,T H E BORDERS— the bounda r y

between England and Scot land ; the d i st r ict adjoin ing thisboundar y on both sides ; the Engl ish andScott i sh bor der land .

(T he ter m appea r s to ha ve been fi r st establ ished in Scotland,

wher e the Engl ish bo r der , being the on ly one i t has, wa s

empha t ical ly the — Dr . M ur r ay , N ew E ng . D iet.

S he’

s ower the border andawa’

W i ’ Jock o’ Hazeldean .

"

H azeldean is in the va lley Of the Tyne , near Hal twh i stle.

S ee H odgson ,i i i . , 2 , p . 383 .

BORDER -WATCH . Th is was a r egular pa t r ol kept to “r a ise

the scr y ”in ca se of in r oad. T he l i ne of th i s by no mean s

coincides wi th the d i v is i on now known as the mar ch or

boundar y between the two kingdoms . I t cuts r ight th r oughthe p r esen t coun ty of Nor thumbe r land , and a ffor ds a mean s ofexpla in ing the d i ffe r ence between the men of Cen t r a l andSou ther n Nor thumber land and those of the fr anch ises of

Redesda le andT yneda le . T he inhab i tan ts ”of the la t ter ,

says D r . Cha r l ton ,

“ wer e eviden tly l i t t le to be t r usted by

84 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

thei r neighbou r s on the East , as wel l as by the ir Scotti shfoes on the W est . These two r i ver s wer e closely watchedever y n ight a long a l ine , extend ing fr om H a l twh i stle in SouthTyne , down to the j unct ion of the Tyne at W

'

a r den , and

fr om thence up the Nor th Tyne to Chipchace. F r omChipchace Fo r d , the l ine was ca r r ied by T h r ockr ington ,

S weethope , andWhelpington to the Coquet . Two wa tcher swer e appoin ted to each for d . Nor th T ynedale was con

sider edas beg inn ing at the N ook on the south side of the

r iver , and at R eedsmou th on the nor th bank , and extendingfr om thence up to the Bellyng , beyond which ther e we r ethen (time of H en r y i t is sa id , no habi ta tion s .

”

(D r .

Char lton , N or th Tynedale, p . T he pa r ties ther e b r oughtup a r e known either by educat ion or natu r e not to be of

honest conver sa t ion . They comm i t fr equen t thefts andotherfelonys , and no app r en t ice must be taken p r oceed ing fr omsuch lawless and wicked p r ogen i tor s .” (Richar d Welfor d ,H istory of N ewcastle, vol . i . , p . 396 , ext r act fr om Books ofM er chants

’

Company , 1 564. F or the la st 1 50 year s Nor thT ynedale and Redesda le have been “ qu iet pastor al vales ,peopled by an in tell igen t , handsome , and st r ongly-bu il t r ace ,as fr ee fr om cr ime and v ice as any par t of the B r i t ishdomin ions . (Dr . Char l ton , N or th Tynedale, p .

BORD -ROOM , or BOARD -ROOM , the width acr oss an Old

boa r d in a pit.

BOR D WAY’

S COURSE , the di r ect ion at r ight angles to theline of cleavage or clea t of coal .— Gr eenwell .

BOREN , bor ne ; thep.p. of bear (p.t. bar ) ; a lso the pronunciationof bor n. When war ye bor en P

BORE -RODS , i r on r ods and appliances used for ascer tain ingthe na tu r e of str a ta befor e s inking a pit . T he r ods a r e

scr ewed together in lengths , the end piece faced wi th a

cutt ing chi sel . A wimble takes the p lace of a ch i sel t o b r ingup t r i tu r a ted ma ter ial or clay . I t is a cyl ind r ica l box ,

o r

ca se , scr ewed l ike an auger at the bot tom . S ludger s a r e

somewha t sim i la r tools , bu t fi t ted wi th a clack to hold inmoi st ma ter ial . A bitch is used for r ecover ing br oken r ods .T he top of a set of r ods is fit ted w ith

‘

a st r ong cr oss pole or

handle ca l led a br ace-head. T he lever , by wh ich a ver t icalmot ion is given to jer k down the cutting endon the st r ata , iscalled a br eak. A r ota r y motion is given at each str oke byturning the brace-head .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

86 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORDS .

BOR R OVVE D -FIRE, a l ight obtained fr om a neighbou r .

T o r equest a l ight on the mor n ing of the N ew Year , is held as a

most por tentou s omen S ever a l , wi l l not for any consider a ti on , evena l low a bor r owed fi r e to p r oceed fr om the ir dwel l i ngs .

”-J . Ha rdy,

R icha rdson'

s Table Book — Legendary D i v vol i i . , p . 288 .

BORSE , B IRSE ,a ch isel of t r iangula r shape , used for clean ing

up the cor ner s of mo r t ice-holes .— H odgson M S .

BORST , an outbu r st , a vehemen t a t tack . To “ bide the bor stis to stand the oncome . B r ockett has bi r st. S ee BRU ST .

BO R -TREE , BU R -TREE , BOUR -TREE , BOON -TREE,

BOUN -TREE, or BOR R AL , the elder t r ee , S ambucus nig r a .

T he p ith is easi ly r emoved , anda hollow tube fo rmed wh ichis used a s a pop -

g un andknown a s a bor -tr ee gun .

” Ther eis a sa l ve made fr om the elder ca l led bountry saw.

A b r anch of the common elde r , bur - tr ee, or bor e-tr ee, is supposed to

possess g r eat v i r tue in gua rding the wear er aga inst the ma levolence ofw i tches , fa i r ies , andother uncanny people . S ome say the cr oss was

made fr om the wood of the bor e-tr ee ; other s , equa l ly wor thy to be

bel ieved, that J uda s hanged himsel f on i t. In some distr icts the tr ee

is known as the Bown -tr ee , which means the sacr ed tr ee .

”— VV. B r ockie ,

Legends andS uper sti tions. p . 1 14.

BOSOM , BOOS OM , the bag of a fish ing net in wh ich thefish a r e gener a l ly caught . T he net is so const r ucted as

to belly-out in mid-wa ter when being hau led in .

BOSS , empty hollow -sounding , as an empty cask.

BOTTLE , a building , a house. Bottle Bank , W a lbottle, H a r

bottle, Shi lbottle, Newbottle, &c. Old Engli sh botl , a house ,

dwelling .

BOTTLE , as much hay or str aw ,e t iedor bound together wi th

a r opé , as a man can con ven ien tly car r y on his back. A“ fad,

"or

“ faud ,”is a lesser quan t i ty , such as can be

conven ien t ly ca r r ied under the a rm or in the hand .“ To

look for a need le in a bottle of hay— t o engage in a hopeless

sear ch .

Old F r ench botel , dim. of bot, mascu l ine form— botte, bu ndle .— D r .

M u r r ay, N ew E ng D i et

M eth inks I have a g r ea t desi r e to a bottle Of hay ; good hay , sweet

hay, hath no fel low.

”— Bottom , in M idsummer Night'

s D r eam, iv . 1 .

BOTTOM , a boa r d gener a lly Of n a r r ow d imen sion s , b ut thefull b r eadth of the t r ee i t was sawn fr om .

— H odgson M S .

Bottom boa rd, the movable bottom of a coa l waggon .

NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 87

BOTTOM , the floor of a coal m ine . I t is genera l ly ca lled thethi ll .

A fathom bor ing in the th i ll or bottom under the coal you wou ldwor k .

—J . C . , Compleat Coll i er , 1 708 , p . 14 .

BOU , a bol l , wh ich see.

BOUGH T (p r onounced bout) , a sheep fold . I t is Specia lly a

pen for confin ing ewes at m ilking t ime .— D r . M u r r ay, N ew

E ng . D iet.

BOUGH T-BREED (pr onounced bout-br eed) , b r ead bought fr oma bake r . T he custom in No r thumber land being to buyflourandbake i t at home causes the specia l r efer ence to the buyingof b r ead . M r . B r ocket t says it is “ the finer qua l i ty boltedbythe baker , in Opposi t ion to a coa r ser kind made at home .

Th is suggest s a connect ion between bought and bolted, bu t no

such con str uction need be put on bought br ead .

BOUK (pr onounced bank) , to er ucta te , to belch . M an a live ,ov aa things aa l ike a geuse to eat ,

’

cas it bouks up se fine .

”

Aa y a r r y n igh bouk’

dme boi ley”is a ph r a se— I was ver y

near ly S ick .

”

BOUK ,in m in ing , a r epor t made by the cr acking of the str a ta

owing to the ext r act ion of the coa l benea th ; a lso the noisemade by the escape Of gas under p r essu r e .— Gr eenwell .

BOUK (p r onounced book) , to steep or soak in lye. T he oldway of do ing up l inen .

Then the thr ed is sod, andb leaked, andbucked, and layedto dr ieing ,

&c.— Bar tholomew, 302

-6 , book xvi i . , c. 97 .— Hodgson M S .

Falstaff was ca r r ied off in a buck basket , and inter cepted. Ford :

W hither bear you th is S er v . :“ T o the lau ndr ess ,

for sooth .

”M r s . Ford :

" W hy, what have you to do W hither theybear i t ? You wer e best meddle with buck-wash ing .

— M er ry Wives ofWindsor .

BOUK , to bel low in play or anger , as an ox .

BOUK , bulk , or size .

As ear ly as the 1 5 th cen tu r y th is wordwas confoundedwith bulk sb. ,

which after wards u su r ped most of i ts sen ses and has super seded i t inl i te r a r y u se . T he moder n dia lect and S cottish bouk seems to be pa r tlya su r viva l of the mid-Engl i sh bouk [tr unk of the body ] , par tly the

r egu la r descendant Of the M E . bolk , BU L K .

"— D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng .

D i et.

N edwas nowther la ith nor lyem,

An’

fa ith he hadba ith bouk an'

byen .

S ong , Wr eki’

nton H i r ing .

88 NORTHUMB ERLAND W ORD S .

BOU K IN -FULL , ful l to r eplet ion .

BOULT ,to si ft flou r th r ough a fine cloth . S ee BOLT , BOOTED

LOAF .

BOUNDER , a bounda r y . S ee BOON D E R .

BOU N T R Y , the elder t r ee . S ee BO R -TREE .

BOU N T R Y SAW , a sal ve , made fr om the boon or elder t r ee .

S ee BO R -TREE .

BOURD,to jest . -B r ockett. Obs .)

BOUSE , lead or e p icked and r eady for d r essing . A bouse-tea inis a heap of or e teamed, or empt ied fr om a ca r t .

T he bouse, or impu r e or e , is u sually let to the washer s at so much per

bing .

”— M acken zie. H i st of Nor thumber land, vol . i . , p . 100.

Long r ows of bouse-teams and b ing- steads on each side.—W . W .

Toml inson ,Gu ide to Nor thumber land, p . 1 60.

BOUT , BOOT , a r ecur r ing even t .— Gloss. to P itinan’

s Pay.

H e hes the pa in s agyen , an’

s heda badbout on’

t thi s t ime .

”

H oo a r e ye thi day, M ally ? O h inny,aa

’ve S ic boots

i’

me heed .

" Bout, a con test or str uggle ; especial ly when appl ied to a jovialmeeting of the legitimate son s of Bacchu s .

— B r ockett.

BOUT , a bolt .

BOUT , bough t , p.i . of buy.

BOW D YK IT E , a con temptuous ter m , often used to a for war dchi ld ; a p r esumptuous or un ski lful per son , a young scapegr ace . T he term is always app lied to a ma le . I t is a ter mof der i sion applied to a youth who has shown some pr ecociousta len t . H e

’

s j ust a bowdykite lad.

De ’

i l smash a good teun cou ldth is bowdykite play.

R . Emery , b . 1 794 ,d. 1 87 1 , Baggy-nanny .

BOWEL H IVE GRASS , the par sley p ier t , A lchemi lla ar vensis.

I t i s made in to a decoct ion andg iven in ca ses of hives.

BOWEL-H OLE ,BOO -E L -H OLE , the w indow sli t in a by r e ,

a sma l l ci r cula r per fo r a t ion in a for t ified bu ild ing , any unglazedaper tu r e in a wa ll . D r . M u r r ay , N ew E ng . D ict. , gives bowelas a r a r e va r ian t of bole or boat, an unglazed ape r tu r e in thewa l l of a ca stle , cot tage , stable , &c. , fo r admit t ing a i r o r

l ight ; somet imes closed w ith a Shut ter .

”In No r thumber

land bowel is p r onounced as boo-cl .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

90 NORTH UMB ERLAN D WORD S .

BRAA (same as the Scotti sh br aw) , fine , handsome , t r im , nea t .

BR AALY ,in fine cond i tion . H OO is thoo the day ?

“ Aa’

s

br aaly ,lad.

”

BRABBLEM ENT ,a noisy quar r el , or indecen t wr angl ing .

B r ockett.

W e holdou r time too pr eciou s to be spentW i th such a br abler .

”

K i ng 70hn , v . 2 , quotedby Na r es.

BRACE -H EAD ,in a bor e - r od, is the st r ong oak o r a sh cr oss

ba r at the top of the r ods , by wh ich they a r e moved r ounda t each ver t ica l st r oke in bo r ing .

BRACK , p.i . of br eak or br ick.

H e br aek his sh in .

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , pt. i i v . 20.

BRACKEN ,BR E CKAN , the b r ake fer n , P ter is aqi i i lina , L .

I t is r egu lar ly har vested for the bedd ing of ca ttle. I t wasfor mer ly used for the manufactu r e of soap andglass .

BRACKEN -CLOCK , the sma ll gay-colou r ed chafe r , Phylloper thahor ticola , L .

BRADE OF, BR EID OF , to be like in cond it ion .

— R ay’

s

Gloss. ,1 69 1 . Obs .)

BRADS , coins , money .— J . P . Robson , Gloss. to Bards of the

Tyne.

BRAE ,BREE , a steep bank , as, the b r oken gr ound by a r iver

s ide . S ee B REE .

BKAIK , or BRAKE , a kind of har r ow used by farmer s forclod breaking .

B R A F F A M , B R I F F A M , BA R F H AM ,E R I H A M ,

B R AU GH AM , a hor se colla r . I t is cu r ious tha t this wor dis seen in such guises tha t the v ar ious for ms given ha r dlyexhaust the ways of spel ling it .

Pa ide fo r a g r ete br i gham to the car te heede , 25 . 6d.

"—NewcastleM un icipa l Accounts , M a r ch , 1 592 .

As countr y lads be a’

a r r ayed

W i ’ b r anks andbr echam on each ma r e.

”

jock o’

the Syde .

NORTHU MB ERLAN D W ORD S . 9 1

BRAG ,a gobl in . T he Por tobello B r ag was wel l -known and

fear ed at the Low Fell . S ee BAR -GU E ST andBOGGLE .

A kindof w icked spr ite .— T . W i lson , note to The Oi l i n

’

o’ D icky

’

s

Wig ,1 826 .

“ T he descr iption o f the Pelton B r ag , con ti nues M r .

W i lson , by S i r C u thber t S har p in h is B i shopr ick Gaaland, induces me

to bel ieve that i t mu st have been the same r ogu ish spr i te that play edsuch tr icks at Por tobe l lo . I t del ighted in mischief, and whoevermounted i t (for i t a lways appear ed in the shape of an ass) wer e su r e

to be th r own in to some bog o r whin bush at the last , when the cr eatu r e ,as i f enjoying the misch ief, wou ld r un off n icker in

’

an’

BRAID , b r oad . Compa r e B RED E .

‘ Bessie wi th the br a id ap r on ,

’was a fami l iar ep ithet app l ied to

E li zabeth , daugh ter of Lor d Dacr e ,the W ife of Lord W i l l i am Howard

(Bel tedW i l l) , whose br oad lands swel led the for tunes of his younger

br other , the p r ogen i tor of the famil ies of Ca r l i sle andCor by.

"— B r ockett.

L ean in on the bud steahyn wi’

his br aid shou ther s .— T . Bewick ,

The Howdy , &c. , ed. 1 850, p . 10.

BRAID ,to br aid, descr ibes the muscula r action wh ich

p r ecedes vom i t ing , r each ing , heaving.

”— H odgson M S .“Aa

’

ve

br aidedsa i r aa ll neet , docto r .

BRAID -BAND . Ba r ley is often la id in br oad-band to dr y whenr eaped .

BRAKE , a lever form ing pa r t of the appa r a tus used in coa lbor ing . I t is a simple beam ha v ing a cr ook at one end towhich the bor e - r ods a r e a t tached by a cha in and sl ing r ope .

When the depth a t ta ined in bor ing has become S O gr ea t tha tthe bor e- r ods can not be lifted by the men at the b r ace -head ,then the br ake i s br ought in to r equisi tion . By i ts power fullever age the r ods a r e l ifted and then a l lowed to d r op , ther ods being tur ned by the b r ace -head at each st r oke .

BRAKESMAN , the man in char ge of the wind ing -engine at

a pit.

BRAM BLING , the moun ta in finch , F r ing illa montifr ing i lla .

BRAN , a boar ; a male pig .

BRANDED , BRAND IT ,b r indled . A br anded quey

,

” “ Abr andit stot ,

”is a

‘

beast of a m i xed black and r edcolou r .

BRANDERS , the pier s o r abutt ing pa r t of the founda t ions ofa b r idge wh ich become v i sible when the wa ter i s low.

BRAND -IRONS , and-i r ons . The i r on s for hold ing up the

logs in a wood fi r e.

92 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

BRANDL ING , a r iver trout caught in the Tyne .

BRANDL INGS , la r ge pea s of a b r own i sh -yellow spottedcolou r , qui te d iffer en t fr om the o r d ina r y gr ey pea , muchfancied and in r equest for car lin s ’

BRANDL ING -WORM (pr onounced br anlin) . the wor m foundin manu r e heaps , wh ich has r ed st r ipes r ound it . I t is wellknown to t r out fisher s , andis also called the D ewworm.

BRANDRITH , a t r i ve t or other i r on on wh ich to set a vesselover a fir e.

-R ay’

s Gloss. Compar e G l R D L E , 2 .

BRANDY-SNAPS , ver y th in , b r i t tle cakes , made of gingerb r ead , andbaked har d .

BRANK , to hold the head up affectedly ; to put a b r idle orr est r ain t on anything — B r ockett.

BRANKS , a br idle of pr im i t i ve con st r uction , having a p ieceof wood on each side j oined to a ha lter . These side piecesa r e r eferred to in Bu r n s ’ D eath andD r . H or nbook

Andthen i ts shanks ,They wer e as th i n as shar p

, an sma'

,

As cheeks o br anks.

"

Somet imes a b it is added ; bu t mor e fr equen tly a woodennose r esembl ing a muzzle .

—Ogi lvie , Imper ial D iet. I t wasthus tha t the exped i t ion of the La i r d ’ s J ock , the La i r d

’ sW at, and H obbie Noble wer e in st r ucted to set out forNewcastle '

You r a rmou r goodye manna shaw,

N or yet appear l ike men 0’

wei r ;As coun tr y lads be a

’

ar r ayedW i ’ br anks andb r echam on each mar e.

jock o’

the Syde.

In A yew-S er ious D iscour se, by Geor ge Stuar t , p r in ted forBenjam in Toole , London , and John Stor y , Newcastle , 1 686 ,p . 27 , the wor d in the fol lowing passage is expla ined ,

“ b r idleor hal ter ”

W hen wanton Yaudhas cast her r ider ,And taen sike fr eeks that nane can gu ide her ,U nder her feet she gets her br anks,Andstar k-hor n -madshe p lys her shanks .

Bu t i t is as a b r idle for human i ty tha t the br anks is bestknown in Newca stle andM o r peth ; for at each Of these townsan i r on muzzle is kept andknown as

“ the br anks.

” I t is a

cage-l ike st r uctur e , going ove r the head . In fr on t is a

tongue of i r on wh ich pa ssed in to the mouth and effectual ly

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

94. N ORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

BRASH , a vigor ous push o r pul l ; a st r ong spu r t in violen texer t ion i s ca lled a br ash. In chu r n ing

,for instance , the

p r offer of help is Often gi ven N oo , maa lass , aa’

l l gie ye a

br ash.

”

BRASH Y , sma ll , delica te in con st itut ion , subject to fr equen tbod i ly ind isposi t ion or weakness . Soft stone is a lso said tobe br ashy .

— B r ockett. Compa r e BRAS H , 2 .

BRASS , money . Impudence is ca lled br ass. S ee B RAZEN .

T he cheps that fandthe br ass.- T . W i lson , Opening of R ailway , 1 838

BRASS , i r on pyr ites found in the coal mea su r es ; also calledB r ass lumps.

Coal mixedwith br ass.— Bor ings andS inkings, A .B ., p . 23 3

BRASS BAND , a layer of i r on pyr i tes .

BRASSY , con ta in ing i r on pyr i tes .

T he coal has the r epu tation of being in par ts br assy .— Hugh M i l ler ,

Geology of Otter bur n andElsdon .— Geol . S u r vey M emoir , 1 887 ,

p 33 .

BRASSY ,per t , l i vely , for wa r d in manner . P r incipa lly appl ied

to young people of an active bu t p r esumpt ive tur n .

“ Abr assy ca llan t .” A br assy l i t tle fellow .

”

BRAST , bu r st (thep.i . of br ust) . Tr avel ler : Bella , didonybodyivver get d r unk on yer smaall beer , h inny ? H ostess : N a ;

bu t ther e was twee that br ast.

BRAT ,the name for the tu r bot on the N or thumber land coa st .

T he cr abby aaddealer s in l ing , cod, and br ats ,An

’the v i r gins that tempt u s wi

’

n ice ma iden skyet.

T . W i lson , The M ovement, 1 839 .

BRAT , a neglected or di sagr eeable chi ld .

BRAT , a kind Of dua l ap r on , usua lly made of a sheepskin , or

coar se sacking , wor n by farm men when bu ild ing cor n stacks ,or when ba th ing sheep . In the la t ter case i t i s ca lled a

“ bath ing br at.” B r at (knee) , a cover ing for the knees usedby stacker s , gener a l ly made fr om coar se sack ing , or sheepskin wi th the wool on it. A ch ild ’s bib . Ra imen t .

M aw canny ba i r ns lu ik pale andwanThei r b its andbr ats a r e var r a scant

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , 1 826 , pt. i v . 57 .

H e r e bi ts andb r at s mean food and r a imen t .

NORTHUM BERLAND W ORDS . 95

BRAT , a scum on the su r face of l iqu id ; the cur dled soapfloa t ing on the top of wa ter after wash ing a har d andb r okencr ust on the su r face of soi l . Compar e B RAT , in coa l m in ing ,andB RAT , to cur dle or sol idify , below .

BRAT , in coal min ing , a thin st r a tum of coar se coa l or blackstone , sometimes m ixed wi th car bona te of l ime and pyr i tes

,

fr equen t ly found lying at the r oof of a seam of coal .Limestone br at 2 feet 6 inches — Bor ings andS inkings, L .R . , p . 1 1 3 .

BRAT , to cu r dle. Thunder br ats the cr eam . Earth is said tobe br attedwhen baked andcr acked wi th the sun , and plan t s ,when simi la r ly d r ied andcracked , a r e sa id to be br atted.

BRATCH ET , an i ll -behaved ch ild ; bu t often appl ied fami lia r lyand affect iona tely to a l ively ch i ld .

“ Ye cunn in’

l i t tlebr atchet ; aa see ye ther e .

”

BRATCHET , a th in liquor made fr om the last squeezing of

the honeycomb .—B r ockett. See B RAGGET . (Obs.)

BRATT ISH , BRATTISH ING , BRATT ICE , a par t i t ion .

The h igh wood back act ing as scr een to a long -set tle iscalled a br attish. A N or thumber land man was a sked to come

fu r ther in to the r oom . H e r ep l ied : N o , thank ye ; a a’

l l

just sit ah in t the br attish. H e had modestly taken a sea tnea r the scr een at the door . In a r oom , a por t ion i s said tobe br attishedof

” when a wooden par t i tion has been r un upto for m a d ivision or second apar tmen t . In m i n ing

,wher e

one shaft is used for a double pur pose , it is d ivided by a

br attish, or br attice ; thi s is ca lled the shaft br attish. A woodpar t i tion used for ven t ilation when ther e is on ly one Open ingor pa ssage .

”(Gloss. N ewe. M ining Terms, 1 8

“ T he br attice

tha t d iv ided the back Shaft , or pumping side , fr om the for eshaft , wher e the coals as well a s the men and boys wer ed r awn up to and fr om thei r wo r k.

”

(Rob t . Scot t , Venti lationof Coal M ines, 1 868 , p . When in other pa r t s of the pit,it is ca lled the “ d r ift ,

” “ headways ,” “ boa r d ,

”&c. ,

br attish,

accor ding to the si tuat ion in which i t i s placed .“ T he

col ler ens which for mer ly suppor ted the br atticing we r e a ll

gone to decay . (R . Scott , Above, p . B r attice-elotli is

st r ong can va s steeped in Ar changel ta r , andused in makingtempor a r y a i r cour ses . In a r ch i tectur e , car ved wor k on thetop of a sh r ine. Befor e we descend let us g lance betweenthe br attishing wh ich sur r ounds the sides .

”

(R ev . P r ovostConsitt , L ife of S t. Cuthber t, 1 887 , p . To for t ify wi th

96 NORTHUMB ERLAND W ORD S .

timber . At Clennel i s a l i t tle tower of the inher i tance of

one P e r ci va l Clennel , gen t . , n ewly r eper el ledandbr attyshed.

”

(S ur vey of N or thumber land, in 1 54 1 , S i r Rober t Bowes .H odgson M S .) S ee Ba tes , Border H olds, p . 54 .

BRATTLE , a fr ay , a loud noise , a peal of thunder .

S ays he ,I have got qu ite enough ,

S ae thu s we gave ower the br attle.

S ong , Va lentine'

s D ay .

Bards of the Tyne, p . 1 67 .

BR AU T IN S , gi r dle cakes wi th cheese sandwiched between .

M r . B r ocket t says the d ish was for mer ly p r epa r ed for

mower s in the hay har vest , and ca r r ied to them in the field .

On the author i ty of a woman , aged 99 , he adds tha t th i s wasa r epast on M idsummer E ve , and also on St . Thomas ’ sN ight .

BRAVE , an emphat ic pr efix , adding in ten sity ; for in stance ,B r ave an

’

dr y mean s ver y dr y B r ave an’ seun ,

”in ver y

good time ; “ B r ave an’

near , ver y nea r indeed . H e’

s a

br ave st r ang nu ,

”he

’

s a ver y st r ong one. A br ave lad,” is a

n ice comely fellow . B r ave must always be j oined wi th someth ing agr eeable .

BRAVELY , in excellen t heal th— however deficien t in cour age .

B r oekett. See B R AALE Y .

BRAXY-M UTTON , mutton of a sheep tha t has d ied of a

d i sease termed “ the br axies.‘

S ee TRA I K .

pound , t o hammer at , to assaul t . B r ayed sandsandstone. Aa

’

l l br ay the sowl oot o’

ye .

”

H e br ay’

daway byeth lang andsa i r ,Befor e the stann in cor f was hew

’

dW as dr oppin sweet fr ae iv ’

r y ha i r ,An h idden iv a r eeky cloud

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay, 1 827 , pt. i i v~

36 .

BRAYER , or BRAYING -STONE , a bea ter used in pound ingsoft sandstone.

BRAYS , smal l coke. S ee BREEZE .

BRAZEN , impuden t . She ’s a br azen huzzy.

BREAK , a cr ack or small natura l cavi ty in a coal seam .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

98 NORTH UM BERLAN D WORD S .

BREED , to make , to extend . H er e , lads ! let’ s br eeda slidey,

tha t i s, “ L et us wor k on t ill a sl ide is made on the ice.

S ee B REDE .

BREED , b r ead .

Think Of a heap 0’

hungr y ba i r ns

Abou t an empty cubboardcr yin’

,

W i mobby he that ha rdly ea r ns

Thei r da ily br eed, in s ickness lyin

T. W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt. i ii v . 5 1 .

BREED -AN -CH E E S E , the open ing budof the hawthorn t r ee.

I t is often eaten by ch i ld r en , and thus called .

BREEK , to put in to t r ouser s . A memor able t ime in the l ifeof youth .

Fr ae beein’

br eek’

dtill fit to mar r y.

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay, 1827 , pt . v . 78 .

BREEKS , t rouser s .M a b r an new coat an br eeks wis gyen .

S ong , Wor M ally Ter nedB loomer .

Then fier ce as fi r e she seizedthe br eeks.T. W i lson , P i tman

’

s Pay , 1 826 , pt. i . v . 45 .

BREER ,the eglan t ine or sweet -b r iar . Wi ld sweet br er e, the

wi ld r ose, R osa tomei i tosa .

BREEST , b r east . “ H is ba r e br eest. T he chim ley br eest.To give an

'

infan t “ the br eest i s to suckle i t.

BREEST , the i r on in a smi th ’ s fi r e next the snout , or nozzle,of the bellows .

BR E E T , b r ight .H er high

-heeledshoon , wi’

buckles br eet.

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i . , v . 12 .

BR E E T H , breath . Aa’

s r un t ill aa ’

s oot o ’ br eith.

BR E E T H , b r eadth . A han ’ s br eeth — a handsbr eadth.

BREE ZE , BRAYS , small coke , or the dust Of coke .

B R E M E L or BR IM M E L , the br amble .

B R E M E L -BARR I ES , b r amble-ber r ies . Called a lso Bummelkites, B lack Bow-wower s, &c.

BR E NCH , a branch .

NORTH U MBERLAN D W ORD S . 99

BRENT ,steep . B r ent-br ow , a steep hi ll ; metaph. The br ow of

a h ill , the edge or side of a hi ll , or p r ecip ice.— R ay

’

s Gloss. ,

169 1 , B . 1 5 . Someth ing set up or stand ing up ;hence appl ied to a “ stuck-up or con sequen tia l per son . S ee

B RANT .

J ust then aw saw wor lads gann in’

by,As str ei ght as r asher s , andsae br ent.

S hield’

s R aces.

Bards of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 492.

BR E N T IN , the act, in playing ma r bles , of placing the handon the knee and so d ischar ging the ma r ble fr om an elevation .

“ B r ent doon ”is the inst r uction , in playing , to keep the hand

down on the gr ound .

BRERE , to sp r out , t o sp r ing up , to p r ick up in the mannergr a in does when i t fi r st ger m ina tes .— H odgson M S . I t hadj ust br eer ed when the caad h ipt i t — tha t is , the plan t hadj ust shown above gr ound when the cold n ipped i t. See a l soB REER .

BREWERY , a boys’ game a t mar bles . S ee BOOR E Y.

BREW I S , crust s or pieces of b r ead soaked in the fat ofpottage .

-Bai ley’

s D iet. Obs.)

BR IAN ,“ to br ian an oven , to keep fi r e a t the mouth of i t,

ei ther to gi ve l ight or to p r eser ve the heat .— R ay, N or thCountry Words, 1 69 1 .

BR I CK , to b r eak .

Ye ’

ll br ick yor neck , mind.

Yor high-flown cheps oft iyel an

'

br ick.

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 827 , pt. v. 95 .

BRICK , a patch Of g r owing tur n ips su r r ounded by a net wi th inwhich sheep a r e p laced to eat off the cr op . T he br ick (br eak)no doub t di stinguishes between i t and the unb r oken part ofthe cr op . S ee BREC K , 2 .

BRICK ,the bi r ch t r ee . S ee B I RK .

BR I CKER , BREAKER , a fissu r e p r oduced in the r oof of them ine , fr om the pr essu r e on r emov ing the p illa r .— B r ockett.

BR ICKWAS T ,BR ICKFAS T , b r eakfast .

BRIDAL , BR IDE -ALE , a wedd ing feast .When B rydals, or Hor se R aces fel l .

” —G . S tuar t , 70eo-S er iousD iscour se,1686 , p . 1 9 .

BRIDE -SPURS , spurs a llotted to the best r unner after themar riage ceremony. —B r ockett. S ee KAl L . (Obs .)

I OO NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

BRIDE ’S -WAIN'

, a wedd ing custom . (Obs.)On the occasion of the celeb r ation of a mar r iage , the b r ide

’

s fur n itu r e was br ought in a wa in or waggon to her husband

'

s hou se , wi thmuch pomp and cer emony ; on the top o f the load, and fo rming the

most pr ominent object in it , was her sp inn ing wheel , gai ly decor atedwith r ibbon s . Th is was cal led the br ide

’

s wa in .

"-R ev. J . E . El l iot ,

H i st. of Bks. N at. Club, vol . v i . , p 246 .

BR IEF ,a memor ial , or begging letter signed by some

r espon sible per son , and car r ied about by a poor pet itionerwho has lost a cow or hor se

, or suffer ed some mi sfor tune .

BR IERS , beams or gi r der s fixed across a shaft top .

BRIG ,a b r idge .

“ T he aadbr ig .

”Cor br ig .

S he'

l l neist tr y the Q uay— the Cu stom-House , teeT he B r ig— an

’

wor awdcoaly r iver .

T . W i lson , The M ovements , 1 839 .

P r e ther e aa went alang the B r ig .— M a Canny H inny.

E R IH AM , BR IM E , a hor se collar . Thi s wor d has sever a lfor ms— bar kham, br ajfam, br ifiam,

barfham, br augham, br echam,

& c.— bu t the common p r onuncia tion is br iham. S ee note under

H E YE M S .

BR I H AM ,or B IRGH AM -FLAP , the olda r r angemen t of the

t r ouser band andfr on t .

BR IM . A sow in kind is sa id to be “a b r imme r , or

“a

br eeming . A sow is said to go to br im when she goes t o theboa r .

BR IT CH IN , tha t por tion of hor se har ness buckled to the car tsaddle

,pa ssing r ound the h inder pa r t of the hor se andfastened

by cha in s to the “ l immer s ” of the ca r t .

BR IZZ , BR I SS , to p r ess , t o squeeze , to bear a weight upon ,

t o p r ess down wi th the finger s , to const r a in wi th the a r ms .Come , let me br izz you r b r eas t to m ine “ To br ize beneath

the heel of con tempt .

BR IZ Z L E ,BR I STLE

, BI R S E L , to cr ackle in cooking .T he ca r l ins wi l l then par ch , cr ack , and, as we pr ov incially cal l i t ,

br i stle when they beg in to bu r st they a r e r eady to eat . — Cor r espondentfr om Nor thumber land to Gentleman ’

s M agaz i ne, 1 788 , p . 1 89 .

M r . Geor ge S tephenson , the enginee r ,

‘

was at M r . H inde ’s dinner

(Br i tish Association , Newcastle , H e told me that he andhis son

had made an incl inedplane in thei r wor ks to ascer ta in why the r a i l r oad

did not r ust , andon laying si lk on the l ine , after it hadbeen u sed, that i t

all br izeled up,

’and l i e was then assu r ed that they wer e electr ified

jour nal of R ev. 70hn Hodgson , R a ine’

s L ife, vol . i i pp . 382-3 .

" T he moder n S cotch is bi r sle ; bu t 1 6th cen tu r y Engl ish hadbr issi ll ,and 17th centu r y Nor ther n dialect br usle.

— D r . M u r r ay, N ewE ng . D i et.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

102 NORTH UMBE RLAN D WORD S .

BROCKWELL ;“ the lowest wor kable (coa l ) seam of any

di st r ict i s, ipse facte, cal led the B r ockwell . — P r ofessor G .

A . Lebou r , M .A . , Geology of N or thumber land andD ur ham, 2nd

ed. , 1 886 , p . 5 1 . Compa r e wi th BROCKLE , above.

BROD , a smal l na i l . (Obs .)Fou r hundr ed br eds, r s . 8d. ; two bouches laths , 25 .

— R ichardW elford, Hist. of Newe. X VI . Cent. , p . 356 .

BROD , or BRUD , to separ a te peas from bean s by mean s ofa r iddle.

BR OGL E R , an un t r a ined per son , a feckless body . H e’

s

j ust a br egler — tha t is , he is a poor hand , as a poor p r eacher ,an unqua l ified med ical p r act i t ioner , or a badwor kman .

BR OGLY , shaky , twi sted , uneven . Aa’

ve a pa i r 0’

com

pa sses , bu t thor y a r r y br eg ly yen s — tha t is , ben t and twistedin the legs andgener al ly shaky . “ T he r oad ’ s a va r r y br egly

yen .

BROKEN ,

“a par t of the m ine wher e the p i llar s a r e in cou r se

of removal .”— M in. Gloss. N ewe. Terms, 1 852 .

They beg in to wor k off the standing pi lla r s of coal , which is (as theminer s say) wor king i n the br oken .

— R obt . S cott , Venti lati on of CoalM ines , 1 868 , p . 14 .

“ T he par tial wor king of pi lla r s was commenced at W alker Col l ier yby Thomas Bar nes in 1 795 , and impr ovedby M r . Buddle at Per cy M a in

in - Gless. of Coal T r ade Terms, 1 849 .

BROKEN -MEAT , meat left a fter a meal .

BROKET , a lar k—N er thumber land. S ee Pennant ’ s Tour inS cotland, 1 790, i . , 48.

— H alliwell’

s D iet.

BRONG ,an occasiona l p . ten. of br ing . H e br eng it aall on

h issel .” B r engen andbr eng a r e used as p .par t. Ifye’

doneybr eng it seuner .

”S ee B R OW T .

BROO , the for ehead “ S ic a heed ! a ll mooth an ’

br ee. Theface of a dyke in a pit. S ee CANCH .

T he fr ont of the dep r essed r oof at a dip hitch .

"— G r eenwell .

BROO ,incl ina t ion , good op in ion . U sed in the negat ive . Aa

hedn o br ee on’

t” —I hada badop in ion of it andwas t imo r ous

of the i ssue.

BROODY , having a b r ood . A br eedy hen , a hen w ithch icken s . B r eedy , o r br oddy , is sa id of a ma t r on who hasher ch i ld r en in quick success ion .

NORTH UMB ERLAN D WORD S . 103

BROON , b r own .

BROON -BU Z Z OM S , besoms made of br oom . S ee B RU M .

BROON -GEORGE , br own bread .

BR OON IE , a b r own spi r i t , popular ly supposed to be distingu ished fr om a fa i r y , or fa ir -complexioned sp ir it , by i tsb r own skin . S ee D U E R GAR .

BROON -K ITTY , or K ITTY-WREN , the wr en , T r og lodytes

par vulus.

BROON -LEAM ER , a hazel nu t, when i t becomes br own andmealy ended , r ipe and r eady to fal l out of i ts husk .

—R ev . J .Hodgson , A r chaeolog ia E liana , vol . i i ., p . 1 3 2 .

T he term is figu r atively appl ied to gener ous per sons, cal led also

B r ewnshiller s.

”— Hal l iwell ’s D iet.

BROSSEN , BR OS T E N , BRUSSEN , or B R U S T E N , bu r stA br ossen kite,

’

onewith a lar ge andwel l -r eplen ishedcor por ation .

Hodgson M S .

BROTH , used as a plu r al noun . A few b r oth .

BROTT , shaken corn .— R ay

’

s Collection of N or th-Country Words,1 691 .

B R OT T s , fr agments , dr opp ings .— Hall iwell ’s D iet.

BROUGH , BR OOF , in Nor thumber land , the name for the

ha lo wh ich in th in , hazy weather enci r cles the moon, and

is seen in m ist sometimes over the sum— H odgson M S .

H e’ye seen the br eef r oond the myun thi

’

nee t I t ’ s a langway off. T he bel ief is tha t the la r ger the diameter of the

ci r cle the g r ea ter the an ticipa ted stor m .

BR OU GH T E N S , in Rothbu r y par i sh , a r e cakes , w i th th inlayer s of cheese put on each side and baked , to g ive to

mower s for thei r noon , or luncheons .— H edgsei i M S . S ee

B R AU T i Ns .

BROUT , brought . H e br ent them 0 up .

’

S ee B R OWT .

BR OVVD E N , BR OOD IN , t o be anx ious for , or wa r m lya ttached to , any Object ; to be enamou r ed of i t. —B r ockett.

S ee B ROO , 2 .

BR OW D IN , BR OOD IN , va in , conceited , bold , for war dB r ockett, 3 rded.

104. NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

BROWN -H EADED -DUCK , the golden -eye duck, Clangula

g laucien.

BROWN -H E N , a name for the black g r ouse , Tetr ao tetr ix. I ti s a lso cal led black cock andblack game.

BROWN L INNET , one of the names for the l innet , Ca i inabinal ineta . O ther names for the b l rd a r e lennar t, and g r ey , r ed,andr ose l innet.

BROWST , a b r ewing , a quan ti ty br ewed at any one t ime .

B r ockett, 3 rded.

BR OW S T E R , a b r ewer .— B r ockett, 3 rd ed.

BR OW T , b r ought , p . pa r t. br ewten . H e br ewt his fethe r win

him ; it’

s a wonder he hadn ’ t br ewten his g r andfether tee .

H e br ewt him up to the bu tchin business .” B r eng is an

occasiona l for m .

BR OW T E N S -U P , upb r inging . I t j ust shows h is br ewtensup - tha t is , i t shows the way in wh ich he has been b r oughtup . I t is gener ally applied to m isconduct or wan t of ear lyt r a in ing .

BRUCH , the old name for a toad -stool , or a fungus — H odgson

M S .

Toad-stool , or , as the Nor thumber s cal l them, br uches.— Tu r ner '

s

Her bal , 1 562 .

BRUCKLE , t o di r ty. — R ay’

s Gloss.“ T o br ookle, or br ukle, in the Nor th , is to make wet and di r tyKennett , p . 1 37 , quotedHal liwell

’

s D i et.

BRUCKLED , d i r ty.— R ay’

s Gloss.

W et , stormy ; appl iedto the weather .— B r ockett.

B r aehel'

dwants explanation . Her r ick speaks of boys and br uckel’

dchi ldr en , playing for points and p ins .

’ — Nar e’

s G loss . S ee explanationabove.

BRUD , to sepa r a te pea s fr om beans . S ee BROD .

BRU I SER , a bullying fellow .

H e can wal lop a’

the br u i ser s an’

g r eet bu l l ies on the Kee.—E d~

Cor van , 1 854 , Fi r e on the Q uay.

BR U L L IM E NT , a b r oi l or quar r el . —B r ockett.

BRUM , the plan t b r oom .

“ B r um (or br oon) buzzoms a r e

bezoms made fr om b r oom , or , as they ar e ca l led in colloquialEngl ish , “ b r ooms .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

106 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

BUBBLY , snotter y , soft , blubber ing .H e

’

s an ugly body, a bubbly body,An i l l—far

’

d, ugly loon .

S andgate G i r ls’ Lamentation .

Bel l 's R hymes, 1 81 2 , p . 48.

T he keel-bu l l ies a’

, byeth gr eat andsma ,M yeda bubbly tide 0

’

the hoppin ’

, O

J . S elki r k , d. 1 843 , S walwell Hopping .

Bell ’s R hymes, 1 81 2 , p . 47 .

BUBBLY-JOCK , the ma le tur key. P r obab ly so named fr omthe wa t tles hanging fr om the fr on t of his bi ll anddown hisneck.

BUCK , the d r iver used by player s in the games of t r ippetandquoi t and ki t ty-cat-an ’

-bi i ck-st ick.

”

BUCK , the hook for a t tach ing the chain s to a plough beam .

BUCK-BUCK , a game p layed by two boys . One boy makesa back ,

”andthe other player leaps on it , call ing out , Buck

buck, hoo many finger s div aa had up .

”If the buck guesses

right the player s exchange p laces .

BUCKER , a sand bea ter , used for making bray -sand ”; adomest ic uten si l , wi th i r on head and wooden handle , forcr ush ing sandstone to a powder for stone floor s . Backer s wer eused former ly for cr ush ing lead or e before the in tr oduct ion of

machin er y for stamping .

”

BUCKET , the p iston of a l ift ing set of pumps in a pit.— N ewe.

M ining Terms. S ee SWORD .

BUCKET-TREE , the p ipe between the wor king barrel of a

pump andthe windbore.

BUCKLE , to mar r y.

BUCKLE , a din t , o r bend , or twi st in the face of a pla te of

i r on ; a buckled pla te”is a pla te tha t has got twi sted or set

aw r y on its face.

BUCKLE -HORNS , ben t horns .

BUCKLE -M OOT H E D , having a twi sted month . S ee BUC KLE ,2 , above

W hat a fyess , begok l hadbuckle-meethedJock ,.When he twinedh is jaws for the baccy , O .

"

J . S elki r k, S walwell

NORTH U M B ERLAN D W ORD S . 107

BUCKLE -TO , to wor k in ear nest , to ag r ee wi th . “ Come ,lads , let

’ s buckle to.

”

N ow , they’

dnothing mor e to doB u t make the mother buckle to

W h ich mu st be done , or else the bar gain

W ou ldnot be wor th a single fa r thingEdwa rdCh icken , The Coll i er

’

s Wedding , 1 735 .

BU CKS H E E N E D , ha v ing the sh in bones bucked, or cr ookedto the fr on t ; a cond i tion p r oduced by r icket in ea r ly l ife .

Bucksheen’

dBob , fr a S tel la , O .

J . S elki r k , S walwell Hopping .

BUDDEN ,or der ed ; invi ted to a funer al . S ee BODEN and

B i D , 2 .

BUDDOCK the buttock , or nether par t .H e sits in h is huddock andclaws his ba r e buddoek.

S ong , Bonnie Keel Laddie.

BUDDY -BU D , BUDDY -BU S , the flower of the bu r r , or

bu r dock , A r ctium lappa , L innwus.— B r ockett.

BUDDY-BUDDY , the call to ch icken s for their food .

BUER , a gna t . —R ay’

s Gloss.

BUESS , BE U S T , or BUST , a sta ll , sta t ion , or pa r t Of office ,or business ; a beast sta ll , or booze— B r ockett. S ee BOO S E .

BUFF , a blow gi ven by one boy to another t o p r o voke him t ofight . Compa r e COW BAT .

BUFF , to bea t . A wor d for mer ly in poli te u se. (Obs.)Ther e was a shock

T o have bu/f'

dou t the bloodOf ought bu t a b lock .

Ben Jonson , quoted in Nar e’

s D iet.

U FF , to labour heavi ly .

H e was bufit

‘

n’

at a back as ha rd as whinstoneT . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 843 , pt v . 34 .

UFF , to poli sh a kn i fe , a fter sharpen ing it, by stroking , orbufi ng it on a soft lea ther st r ap .

FF , the bar e skin . H e wis st r ipped to the buy?”

Adam wor e his na tive bufi — Na r e’

s G loss. , u nder wordAdam Bel l .

F F E T , a foot -stool ; somet imes ca lled a bufiet-steel .“ Five bufi

'

ette-stools , 2 5 . 6d.-Wi l l of R ober t Cla i

'

er ing of Callaly, in

108 NORTHUMBERLAND W ORD S .

BUFF-FRONTS,BUFF -FACE S ,

‘

O r BULL -FACES , t uftsof coa r se gr a ss , A i r a cwspitesa . S ee B U LL -PYET.

BUFF-NOR -STYE . H e could neither say bufi’

nor stye

sa id of a s impleton , or of one who is sur p r ised pa st speech .

Another for m of th i s exp r ession is g r ufl-ner -stye. H e

nowther sa id g r zfi -ner -stye”

- tha t is , he chu r l i shly ga ve no

an swer wha tever . I t is said when a per son has been gr osslyin sul ting in his manne r by r efusing to an swer when spokento . In N ar e

’

s Gloss. , bi ifi'

ne haj'

i s gi ven Neither one th ingnor another . N oth ing a t a ll .

”

BUGH T , a sheepfold . S ee BOUGHT .

A str uctu r e descr ibed by the shepherds as a bught for mi lking ewes,

or assor ting sheep .— James Hal l , Guide to G lendale, 1887 , p 99 .

Aneath the dusky peak 0’ Cheviot,

W her e the falcon sp r eads h is flashing wings ,

W her e the wi ld thyme spr ings , andb lue-bel ls blossom,

And the lavr ock o’

er the yowe-bught sings .

"

James Ander son , The S cottish Lassie, 1 879 .

BU IK ,BU I CK , a book. P r onounced bee-yak and byuk, wh ich

see. In Anglo-Saxon the wor d is bo’ e ; and the accentedvowel is in Nor thumber land sounded as ee-yu .

BU IRDLY ,stout , sta lwar t , of la r ge sta tely fr ame .

BU I S , a Space for the fo r age of sta ll -fedca t tle. S ee BU ES S .

BU I ST , BU E S T , or BUST , to put a mar k or b r and uponsheep o r cat tle by thei r owner s — B r ockett. T he p r onuncia t ioni s b-yeast. S ee BYE S T .

BULE , BOOL , the bow of a pan or ket tle — B r ockett.

BULK , the open stall of a shop .

T he shop w indows of one of these hou ses (N O . 76 , Headof the S ide)wer e the last wh ich r ema ined ung la zed in Newcastle , and r eta ined,

wi th in l iv ing memor y, what wer e known as open bu lks.— Knowles and

Boyle , Vestiges of OldNewcastle, 1887 , p . 4 .

BULL , a r ound ba r of i r on used in bla st ing in wet holes . T he

hole be ing stu ffed wi th clay,a bull is dr i ven th r ough it , and

thus a wa ter - t ight pocket for the bla st ing -cha r ge is made.

A lso a sho r t p r op , wi th for ked end,hung loosely at the r ea r !

of a set of tub s in a scending ; or so ba lanced in fr on t of a set

of descending tubs , on an inclined plane , as to st r ike wi th

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 10 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

BULLS-AND -COWS , “ lor ds and ladies , the flowers of thA r ummaculatum. Also cal led L ani -lakens.

BULL-S E G , an imper fectly cast r a ted ox .

BULL ’ S -EYES , large lozenges made of toffey, andflavou r

wi th m in t .

BULL -TROOT , a la r ge fine species of fish pecul ia rNor thumber land , and much esteemed . T he lar ger kindsalmon t r outs taken in the Coquet ar e in Newcastleca lled bull tr outs ; bu t these fish a r e much la r ger than sa lmont r outs in the head , wh ich is a pa r t gener ally adm ired for itssmallness .

Bi lhope B r aes for bucks andr aes,

AndCa r i t Haugh for swine ,AndFar r as for the goodbul l tr out,I f he be taen in time

OldR hyme— B r ockett.I t is the S alme er iex . Bu ll tr out , among u s in Nor thumber land,

fr om i ts g r eat si ze .— Tur ner .

BULLY , equ iva len t to b r other ; a mate , a com r ade . Thcr ew of a keel a r e a lways ca l led “ the bu llies.

”

T he bu ll i es an’

pee-dee a ’

huddledtogether ,Yen an

’

a didag r ee it was tor r ib le weather

S ong , The Devi l , or the Nanny Goat.Keel -bull ies is a term u sed for th is species of water men ; bu llies is a l

a common appel lation among the people concer ned in the coal w

b r other s .— E r a r.d, H ist. of Newe vol . ij 1 789 , p . 26 1 , note.

Fou r or five days befor e R ipley died, heAgnes say to him ,

‘ Bu l l ie, thou hast g iven thy si lver wh istle anto LeonardHa r k , bu t I tr ust thou sha l t l i ve to wear it thyself.

”

of 1 584 , R icha rdW elford’

s H ist. of Newe. , vol i i i . , p . 19 .

BULLY , the bu llfinch . S ee BOOLY .

BU L R U S H E R , a bul r ush .

BU M ,to make a humm ing or d r umming noi se like a bee,

bumler ; also to spin a top . T he soon’

s bummin in my ea r sTo d r ive v iolen tly or hu r r iedly. ‘

fThey wer e bummed ootH adaway bum yo r top .

”

In bye they bum’

dme in a cr ack .

P i tman ’s Pay , pt. i i v. 35 .

After they bumm’

du s r oundaboot ,F or a

’the wor ldl ike a teetotum .

"

Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt. v . 30.

T he tr avel ler s i ’ thor whi r l igi gs bummi n .

"

T . W i lson , S tanzas, 1 824 .

NORTHUMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 1 1 1

BU M a sher iff ’s Officer who d ist r a in s, or takes possession .

Ther e was Pr eston , the bail iff, Joe C r aggs was h is bum.

S ong , L imbo.

BUMBAZED , bamboozled . S ee BAZE .

BU M -CLOCK , a flying beetle .

BUMM EL , a bungle .

They made sic a bummel wi ’ sai l andwi ' l ine ,That they var r y n igh cowpt thor sels inti theTyne .

S ong , The Keelman’

s S tick.

BUMM ER , the d r iver of a car r iage or g ig . In former timescommer ci al t r avellers wer e all gigmen , or bummer s.

A r oad for hor se— a r oadfor postAndyen for a

’

the bummer s.

”

Thomas W i lson , The Ot'

l i'

n’o

’ D icky’

s Wig , 1 826 .

BUMM LER , a la r ge fly , a bee . A bummle bee is the humblebee. H e hummed the tune l ike a bummler iv a r ose bush ,

”

said of a m in ister who hada t tempted to raise a tune.

BU M M L E K IT E , BU M M L E R S K IT E , the blackber r y , the

fr ui t of the b r amble , R ubus fr uticosus. S ee B LACK-BOW -W OW E R S .

T he fr u it is vu lgar ly known in the distr ict by the name of bumblekyte, fr om its being supposed to cau se flatu lency when eaten in too

g r eat a qu anti ty. N O knowledgeab le boy wil l eat these ber r ies a fter

M ichaelmas D ay, becau se the a r ch -fiend is bel ieved to r ide a long the

hedges on the eve of that g r eat festi val , and pol lu te ever ything that

g r ows in them , except the sloes , by touch ing them with h i s clu b foot .

T he same notion p r evai ls fu r ther Nor th , wher e the b r amb le-ber r ies ar e

cal led lady’

s ga r ter ber r ies.

”— W . Br ockie , Legends and S uper sti tions,p . 1 15 .

BUMM LER -BOX , a smal l house ; an old square bed wi thsliding panels in fron t .

BUM P , to d r ive again st . He bumped his heed again the topan

’

myest felled h issel .

a knock , a blow , the swell ing or lump caused by a

“Bump aga inst ,” to fall or d r i ve aga in st wi th v iolence.

T he laddie r an sweatin , r an swea tin ,

T he laddie r an swea tin aboot ,Ti ll the keel went bum agyenst Jar r ow,

An’

th r ee 0’

the bu l ies lap oot.”

“ L i ttle Pee D ee.”—A llan’

s Collection , p . 194 .

1 1 2 N O R T H U M B E R L XN D W ORD S .

BU N ,BUND (p.p. of bind) , bound .

“ H e wis bun app r en t icetiv a cai r twr ight.

”Aa

’

s ban to gan the mo r r ow , o r Aa’

s

tied ti gan the mo r r ow. Compa r e N ew E ng . D iet. , Bound,

ppl . a2. In the p r esen t ten se the i is shor t in bind, find, &c.

,

and sounded like the i in tin.

Another lang andslavish yea rAt last aw fai r ly str ugg led thr ough

Gat fettledup a set of gear

W as thought a man— andbun to hew.

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay, pt . v . 7 3 .

BU N , r eady to star t . Wher e a r e ye bun for ,

BU N , a har e or r abb i t’

s tai l .

BUNCH ,to st r ike , to d r ive wi th the knee aga inst the backside .

BUNCH -BERRY , the fr u it of the R ubus saxati lis, of wh ich thecoun t r y people Often make ta r ts — B r ockett.

BUNG ,to close up .

“ T he cundy ’ s bung’

dup wi ’ cla r ts .”

gat sic a bat i t bung’

dhis eye up .

”

BU NG ,a wor thless per son . I t is ver y usua l to call a person

a lazy bung ,

”an idle bung .

BUN S , bounds . H e’

s oot o ’

the buns.

BUNT IN ,the cone of a fi r t r ee.

“ To peppe r buntins, i s to

th r ow buntins in play.

BUNTON ,a p iece of squa r ed t imber . T he r afts of squa r ed

t imber ly ing by the r i ver s ide wer e a lways ca lled “ the

bui i tens.

Tr ansver se pieces of woodplaced in shafts to which the gu ides forthe cages a r e attached — G r eenwel l , G lossa ry, 1 888 .

In timber ing the shafts of coal mines bun ions and sheets ar e pu t in

for the pu r pose of conducting the cages up anddown the shafts.— John

R owel l , cor r espondent Weekly Chr oni cle, M ay 22 , 1 886 .

I t . pd for one bunting andtwo spa r r es to a yeat (gate) andthemakeing

it , 45 . 4d.

”— GatesheadChu r ch Books , 1 63 3 .

BU R ,the hooked seed vessel Of bu r dock.

BU R , the chock placed beh ind a cr owba r and used as a

fulcr umR a isedby lever s andbu r s on r ol ler s up an incl inedplane.

—Hodgson ,

H i st. of Nor thumber land, pt . ij. , vol 3 , p . 276 .

BURDEN -BAND , a hay-band or r ope , mor e common ly ca lled

a plot-band.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 14. NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

BURN -GULLY , a ter m of der ision . For mer ly , and in li v ingmemor y , coun t r y b lacksm i ths we r e the p r incipa l maker s ofedge -tool s used in husband r y , such as a xes , hedge kn i ves

,

g ul lies, &c. , andmany of them a t tained to gr ea t p r oficiency inthe a r t of temper ing steel . O thers , aga in , not p r oficien t inthei r a t tempts at the business , bur n t the tempe r out of thesteel , and con sequen tly spoiled thei r wor k , andwer e ca lledin der i sion “ bu r n gu ll ies.

”In cou r se of t ime the ph r ase

exten ded to inefficien t wor kmen in other t r ades .

BURNS IDE , the Side of a bu r n .

BURNT . S ee B RU NT .

BURN -T H E -B I SCU IT , a boys’ game .

BURR (p r onounced ber ) , the sounding of the letter r by a st r ongton si l b r ea th ing , as di st ingui shed fr om the pa late r of the

south , and the “ tip-tongue- t r i l l of the let ter as hea r d in

Scotland . I t i s the guttur al sound which st r ikes a st r angera s the d ist inct ion in the N or thumber land folk -speech .

People nor town shou ld I have knownH ad I not heardthe Bur r .

T he l ine wi th in wh ich the bu r r i s spoken may be said tocoincide w ith the coun ty Of Nor thumber land , bu t it passesn or th of the Tweed at Ber wick , and over in to the coun ty ofDu r ham on i ts no r th cen t r e . On the Cheviots it is

r eplaced by the Scotti sh r . A l i t tle to the west of Bar donM i l l i t gives way to the t r i l led r . At Su nder land andSou th Sh ields an absence of the st r ong r ma r ks off a d i a lectd iffer ence which is most notewo r thy . T he ber fr om the

N or thumb r ian th r oa t i s an in ten sifica tion ,not an el ision of

the r sound . S ee R .

BURRAN , a badger — Yetholm.

Bar ean ,

’ ‘B a r end,

’and ‘Bor r on ’— a wel l known word in Nor th of

England, a r ocky slope, or hi l l . wher e foxes and badger s bu r r ow. I t

r anges at least as far sou th as Kettlewel l , wher e i t appear s as B or r ance,’

the stony scr ees below the l imestone g i rdles or cl i ffs . I t is also cal led‘ Bur r an ,

’

andamong the Yetholm gipsies , Bur r an’ means a badger .

Jos Lucas , Natur e, vol . xxxvi N O 928 , p 3 39 , 1 st col . , Aug . 1 1 th , 1 887 .

BURR -TREE , the elder -t r ee. S ee BOOR -TREE .

BURTON -CH INE , a cha in made Of ver y good i r on , used inlower ing andhoi st ing the ma sts of keels andwher r ies .

BU S , a bush . A whin bus,” A cor r in bus,

” “ A grozer bus,&c.

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 1 1 5

BU S , a sunken r ock , on wh ich a t ver y low t ides the long sea

weed is v i sible , l ike a bush hence , p r obably , the name .

Bondica r bus,”

P an bus,” Togston bus.

BUSE , a stall , a s a cow-buse, a hay-buse. S ee BOOSE .

BUSH EL- I RON,scr ap i r on . (Obs .)

BUSH M ENT , an ambushmen t . (Obs.)

After which so doone , and the bushment and for r ay met. — Ear l ofNor thumber land, letter to Henr y V I I I fr om Berwick , N ov . 20th , 1 532 ,

in D D D ixon ’

s Va le of Wli i tti ngham, p . 1 2 .

BUSK , to get r eady , to d r ess . Aa’

l l j ust bush mesel an gan .

H e’

s weel bus/ti t, he i s wel l d r essed .

“ Aa’

l l busk a t r ootflee . S ee B U S S .

W hen the fields busk thei r spr ing time a tti r e .

R . R oxby,PoeticEpistle, 1 845

R ise up Josep andbush andga ,

M ar ia an’

th i ch i ldal -sua

Cur sor M undi

BUSKER, a p r ofessiona l mendican t m in st r el .

BUSKY (a var ian t of bosky) , bushy .

BUSS , or BUSK , to d r ess , to don .

T he feather s of the woodpecker wer e p r eser ved to ‘ buss fl iesR ev J F . B i gge , in H i st. of Ber wi ckshi r e Natu r al i sts

’ C lub, vol ix p 562 .

Fai th thOO ’

s buss’

d l ike any lady.

E d. Ch icken , The Col l ier’

s Wedding ,1 735 .

Smash ! Jemmy, let’

s buss we'

l l off

Andsee N ewcassel R aces

W . M idfor d, 1 8 14 .

For Geordy aw’ddie , for my loyalty

’

s tr ig ,

An’

aw own he’

s a good leu kin mann ie ;Bu t i f wor S i r M atthew ye buss iv h is wig ,Bygocks , he wadju st leuk as canny.

’

J . Thompson , d 1 8 16 , Canny Newcastle.

B uss’

das aw was iv a’

maw best.

T . W i lson , Opening of R a i lu'

ay , 1 838

B U SS , a kiss. Come g i’

s a buss, ma bai r n .

U S S E S ,hoops for the top of a car t or waggon .

— H alliwell’

s

1 16 NORTHUMBERLAND W ORD S .

BUSS IN -T H E -TYUP , d r essing the tup . T he tap was the

las t cor f Of coals d r awn out of the pit on the la st day of the

year ; and by way of showing thei r plea su r e at the gaudydays now commencing , the pi tmen cover ed it wi th bur n ingcandles .

T he lads beg , bor r ow, andsteal candles for the occasion .

"— Note toPi tman'

s Pay , 1 843 .

BUSY-GAP -ROGUE . T he name or iginal ly was , p r obably ,bussy , tha t is bushy-

gap, a pa ss abounding in bushes . B usy-

gapis a

“ wide b r eak in the r idge of basa lt , about a m ile fr omS ewingshields . Th is was the pass most fr equen t ly chosenby the fr eebooter s of the M iddle Ages when on thei rmau r ading expedi t ion s to the r ich va l ley of the Tyne , and

hence it acqu i r ed an evi l r eputa t ion . In Newca stle for mer ly ,to ca ll a b r other bu r gess a Busy

-Gap-R egue was to incu r thecen su r e of one ’s gui ld , as i s a t tested by an en t r y in the booksof the Company of Baker s and B r ewe r s of Newca st le-uponTyne.

—W . W . Toml inson , Guide to N or thumber land, 1 888 ,p . 192 .

BU T , an abbr evia t ion of hal ibut. On the Nor thumber landcoast the tur bot goes by the n ame of br at.

Hol ibut , cal led ther e tu r bot, a r e caught off Holy Islandwi th the

hook.

" —S . O l i ver , R ambles i n Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 2 10.

B U T ,outside of. “ But and ben , outside and in side . T he

following old r hyme was used in wind ing ya r n“ B ut the hou se an

’

ben the hou se ,

In the hou se andou t the hou se ,

D r oon the hou se an bu r n the hou se ,

An’

heck that'

s yen .

Thi s was u sed by the sp inner s of ya r n when for m ing the i rbanks on the gr ea t wheel .

BU T AND , an old form of and. Between the Yule but and

the P a schBetween the n ight but andthe day

An Excellent Balladon the S ickness, & c. , of E cky’

s M ar e,

by the late Ber nardR umney, Bell’

s R hymes, 1 8 1 2 , p . 166 .

BU T CH IN’

,butcher ing . H e

’s star ted the butchin ’

business .

BUTLER ,a ter m appl ied in the Nor th to a fema le who keeps

a bachelor’ s house , a fa r mer

’s housekeeper .— B r oekett, 3 rded.

Cook , slut , andbutler ,”a common e xp r ession applied to a

per son who does a ll the tu r n s of wor k in a house .

Butler 's-gr ace, without any cer emony.— Ha ll iwell ’s Diet.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 1 8 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

BY , beside , nea r to . I t i s used in combina t ion , a s Inby , Ootby ,

Ower by , Backby ,Fo r by ,

Upby ,D oonby . Inby is fu r ther in ,

or in s ide ; in a pit it is in fr om the shaft . Ootby i s j ustoutside , o r in a pi t i t i s the d i r ect ion towa r ds the Shaft

,or

e x i t . .Ower by i s j ust acr oss ; B ackby j ust beh ind ; Fo r by is

in addi tion to ; Upby i s j ust up the st r eet or r oad ; and

D oonby is j ust down the way. I n a ll these , close neighbou rhood is suggested .

Pa ide to John Car r , post , for keep ing hor ses for bye-poste . Pa ideto M r . Den te

,for keepeing the by-booke of the r en te of Gatesheadand

Whickham, 5 l —Newcastle M un i cipal Accounts , October , 1 593

T he by-post is the loca l post , and the by -book is the local ,

or bor ough , or town book of accoun ts .By ,

as a suffi x in place -names , elsewher e so commonin the di st r icts of la ter No r se settlemen t s , is not found inNor thumber land . Ten andham ar e , on the other hand , foundth r oughout .

BY’

D , by it . Stand hy’

d,stand by i t.

BYE , the l ine fr om which each player fi r st shoots in a game at

mar bles .

BYE AK I E, the upr ight por tion of a wooden ca t tle band

for mer ly in u se. I t was a t tached by a loose j o in t to a ben twooden band cal led a fr ammel t. S ee BA I K I E - ST I C K .

BYE -BOOT IN S , BYE -BOLT INGS , or SHARPS , the finestkind of br an .

BYE -COM M ON , mo r e than common or o r dina r y .

BYEN , a bone.

BYEN -FIRE , a bonfi r e . F r om sim ila r i ty of sound the wo r doccu r s at W in la ton as bu r n-fi r e. Un t i l about 1 878 the bu r n -fi r e

was annual ly l ighted ther e on the 29th of M ay. I ts t r an s ~fer ence fr om M idsummer to Roya l Oak D ay a t th is place iswor thy of note. S ee BON E F I R E .

BYER , BYRE , a cow-house.

“ T he mucking o ’

Geor d ie ’ s

BYE S T , a b r and or ta r mar k on Sheep or ca tt le.

BYE S T , BASTE ,BU I ST (p r onounced byest) , to ma r k ca t t le

o r sheep wi th tar . After cl ipping , each sheep is byeasted,ei ther w ith its owner ’ s in itia ls , or w i th some d ist ingui shingdevice.

NORTH UM BERLAN D WORD S . 1 19

BYE T , wor k left undone .

I f aw sudget maw wa r k ower su in ,

S he’

s flaid te deeth aw'

ve left some byel .T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , ed. 1 87 2 ,p 10.

Leaving some byel’ means he has not completed h i s day

’

s wor k , or

hewed the number of cor ves placedhim by the overman .— Note to above.

BYE T H , both BE YE T H [S . andN .]Ther e ’

s be nou se aw winnot de

To myek u s byeth a happy hyemT . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt . i i i . , v . 5 8 .

BYGANE , ago.

M ony year s bygane.— G . S tuar t , 7oeo-S er i ous D iscour se, 1686 , p . 36

BY-H AND,settled , or a side .

BYKE , BE E -BYKE , a wi ld bee’ s nest . S ee B I KE .

BY-M -BY , bye-and-bye .

BYSEN . S ee B IZEN .

BY SONG , or BY -SANG , often M AA -SANG , an exclama t ion .

By-sang ! tho r

’

d a been a bonny wa r k , if aa hadn ’ t gettenther e .

”

BYS PE L T , a st r ange , awkwa r d figu r e , or a misch ievousper son — B r ockett. (Obs .)

BYUK [T .] BEYUK [S . andN .J , a book . Often spel t bu ik or

beach in local wr i tings .Aa l ikeda bal lant or a bank

T . W i lson . Pi tman ’s Pay , pt. i i i v. 101 .

BYUN , above , beyon d . Va r iously used as a byun , beyun. I t’s

byun a j oke -it i s beyond or to o much of a j oke.

BYUT , to -boot , a boot . S ee B E YU T .

CAA , CAW , a tin pai l .

CAA coa’

d; p . pa r t., caan) , to ca l l . “ G ive him a caa .

’

A lso to abuse o r cal l names . H e coa’

d us ivvor ything .

’

S ee CAAL , 4 and 5 .

CAA,to d r i ve , to p r opel . “ G i s a bit caa O

’

the g r un stan

said by a man ha v ing an axe to gr ind .

“ To caa -tee”is to pu t

to , to close,to shut . “ Caa tee the yet t . “ Caa -oot d r ive

out . “ Caa -in ,

” d r ive in .

“ Caa the yows oot bye. Caa

in tha t na il .”

Ca Hawkie , ea Hawkie ,

Ca Hawkie th r ough the watter .

Hawkie i s a swe i r bea st ,An

’ Hawkie winna wade the watter

OldS ong .

120 NORTHUM BERLAND WORD S .

CAAD , COULD [T .] CALD ,CAULD [N .] COAD [W .T .J

cold .

“Caad-comfor t ,

”cold-comfor t ; “ Coad-deed

,stone dead ,

or cold and dead . To “ca tch caad i s used i r on ica lly for

what i s known as“ ge tting in to hot wa te r .

”

I f can’

ddeedye’

dfr eeten’

dwor skipper, se b r ave ,

W e’

dmyedye te fol low hi s byens to the g r ave .

"

W . M idfor d, The Bewi lder edS kipper , 1 8 1 8 .

CAAD I S H ,cold ish , somewha t cold , bu t gener ally Spoken

caadr if.

CAAD -P I E , CAW D -P IE ,any acciden t happen ing to the

t r a in or ca r r i age ( in a pit) — Gless. to P i tman’

s P ar .

S ic then was the poor pu tter ’

s fate,

W i’

now an’

then a stann i n fr ay ,

F r ae yokens , caw'

dpies , stowen ba it ,O r cowpt cor ves 1

’

the ba r r ow wayT . W i lson , Pi tman

'

s Pay, 1 827 , pt . v . 5 5 .

CAAD R IF CAW D R IF E , ch illy , sh ive r ing , or cold .

T ha faither , N ed, i s fa r fr ae weel ,H e lucks , poor body, ver r a bad

A’ower he hez a cawdr i/e feel ,B u t th inks it

’s bu t a waff 0

’

cawd.

T . W i lson , P i tman ’

s P ay , 1 826 , pt i v . 95 .

CAA-H ANDED , CAW -H ANDED , or CAR-H ANDED, left

handed .

CAAK E R , the i r on pla te on a clog or shoe heel ; the heel of a

hor se-shoe .

CAAK E R ,or CORKER ,

an a ston i sh ing sta temen t,mean ing a

“ stopper .

” Tha t ’s a caaker , Geordy

CAAL , need .

“ W ha t caa l had ye to come ther e at a l l P

CAAL, the movemen t of wa ter d r i ven by the w ind on i ts

su r face .

“ Call of the sea .

” Compa r e CAA, 3 . T he con t r a r yphenomenon (smooth oi ly su r face of the wa ter ) is known as a

held on the Tyne .

CAAL, a m ill dam . H e was fish in below the caa ll , and

t umbled in to the wettor . T he “ca ll -heed i s the top of a we i r

o r dam cr ossing a st r eam . . T he dam is somet imes ca lled a

“caa -back .

”

CAAL , COA to cal l . “ Thoo tyeks a va st o ’

caalin on—you ar e long in r espond ing to my ca ll . To abuse.

“ S he

did n owt bu t caal u s .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 2 2 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CAAL E R ,an auct ioneer . T he on ly auctioneer in R eedwater

for many year s was one J ock B r own , who was always knownas

“ Jock the Caaler .

CAAL IN -COURSE , the t ime at wh ich the men a r e ca l led togo to wor k .

Aw thought the time wadne’

er be gyen ,

That cal l i n-cour se wadnever come ;Andwhen the ca ller ca l l

'

dat yen ,

Aw’

dgetten neithe r sleep nor slumT . W i lson , The Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 827 , pt. v . 1 3 .

CAAN (p . par t. of caal ) , cal led .

“ H e’s caan Bobby efter his

g r anfether .

” “ Aa wis caan back hyem agyen .

”S ee CAAL ,

4 and5 .

CAAS, cause ; a lso the sound of the plur a l of ca lf , for calves.

I t ’ s been the caas 0’

aa the fash .

’

Caas and’

cas a r e a lsoabbr evia t ed forms of because.

CAAS E Y (the p r onunciat ion of causey) , a way, a cau seway .

Causey Bank ,

” N ewca stle . Keep on the caasey aa l the way ;the r oad ’ s se dor ty.” S ee CAU S EY .

CAAT ION , caution . I t ’ s a coation noo . H e’

s a caatien

tha t is , a spectacle , someth ing ext r aor dina r y. A “caatien

boa r d ”in a pit , i s a boa r d set up t o wa r n the men of the

condi t ion of the m in e beyond i t.

CAB , GOSH -CAB , or GO -CAB , exclama t ion s of obscu r emean ing . S ee EXCLAMAT ION S .

CABBI S H , a cabbage.

Ye’

l l be sayin at coal’

s nowt bu t cubbish staaks and tatie peel ins .

Geordy’

s Last, 1 878 , p . 1 .

CABB I S H IN , CABIS ON , a str ong ha l te r , pur posely made tolead about young hor ses when fi r st b r oken in . S ee KABB I S H IN .

CAB IN , a wooden shel ter house , sto r e house , or watchman’ s

hut .

W her e aal l the twisty , twiney, bad-temper edaadbeggor s comes fr ev’

at gets pu tten in ti cabi ns beats me — Geordy’

s Last.

CABLE , or CAVEL , a st r ipe or Shar e of land appo r tionedby lot , or kyevel hence cable, a s it i s common ly spel t indocumen t s the cables in field names . S ee CAVE L .

CAD E , or KYE D , the sheep lou se.

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S . 1 23

CADGE ,an anchor . S ee KAD GE , KEDGE .

CADGE ,to ca r r y .

“Wher e a r e ye cadg in the box to H e

cadged the poke aa l l the way on ov his back . To beg .

“ Aa’

ll cadge a ma tch Off him.

“ H er e’ s a chep come to

cadge— appl ied to a begga r .

CADGER ,

“a per son who goes fr om house to house pu r cha s ing

butter , eggs , fowl s , &c. ,and takes them for sale . A higgle r ,

a huckste r .

”

(H odgson M S .) A car r ier . F o r the ca r r iage of

coal s about A.D . 1 605 , ther e wer e employed “ the cadger s and

wayne-,men wher e coa ls ar e not ca r r ied by wa ter .

”

(B r and ,1 789 , H ist. of N ewc. , vol . ij. p . 22 , note.) Cadger s , befor e theun i on , wer e the ch ief agen ts in car r yi ng on the commer cial

in ter cou r se between the two kingdoms . (R ev . A . H edley ,A r chwoleg ia A3 liana , vol . i . , p .

“ Like gen tlemen ye

maunna seem , bu t look l ike cor n -cadger s ga’

en the r oad .

”

(7ock o’

the Syde.) W her e few bu t cadger s wi’ thei r cai r ts t i ll

noo hev i ver been . (T . Wi lson , Opening N ewcastle andCar l isle

R a i lway ,

“ Befor e the speci al applica t ion of cadger toone who bought and ca r r ied cor n , &c.

,the ter m appea r s to

ha ve been used for any ca r r ier Of mer chand ise .

”

(Richa r dW elfo r d , H ist. of N ewe. , vol . i i i . , p . Nowadays a cadger

is used on ly as the name for a begga r . Compar e wi th BADGER .

R espect to Q u al ity was lost ,T inker s andCob ler s r u l ’d the r ost

T he Nobles wer e the Common'

s Cadger s ;T he Gentr y bu t the S oldier s

' Badger s ;Andsae far

’

dwe , fr a i ll to wor se ,

W hen Car t was set befor e the Hor se .

G S tuar t , f ace-S er i ous D i scour se, 1686 , p . 36 .

CADGY , hea r ty , Cheer ful , mer r y , especial ly a fter good eat ingandd r inking .

—B r ockett.

CAFF , cha ff, the husk of oat s . “ A cayf bed was the commonkind of bed in u se wher e fea ther s could not be p r ocu r ed.

Figu r atively, any l ight th ing .

“ Als fyr e that cajfe son may br yn— Hampole , d. 1 349 , Pr icke of

Consci ence (M o r r is) , l i ne 3 148 .

S cr imp mea ls, eafi beds , and claim s.

—T . Thompson , d. 1 8 16 , The

N ewKeel R ow.

W i ’ pleasu r e aw was ower the mu in ,

A’

else wis cafi'

and sandto mineT . W i lson

,Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 829, pt. i i i . , v . 63

CAG , a sma ll ca sk , a keg . S ee KAC .

1 24 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

CAGE ; in a coa l pit ,“ A fr ame of i r on which wor ks between

slides (cal led guides) in a shaft , and in wh ich , since the substi

tu tion of tub s for cor ves , the t ub s of coal a r e d r awn to thesu r face , anda l l passage in the shaft car r ied on . (G r eenwel l ,Coal T r ade Terms, T he cage in i ts moder n formcon si st s of th r ee or fou r stor ies or stages , in to each of whichtwo tubs a r e r un . T he whole st r uctu r e is slung fr om the

wind ing r ope a t tachmen t by“cage -cha ins ,

”which a r e un i ted by

a la r ge cen t r e link , fr om wh ich they depend , to the a t tachmen tat each cor ner of the cage. T he a scending and descendingcages a r e stead ied by

“cage- Shoes ,

” which cla sp the “ guidesat each side. T he “

cover ,”or

“ top ,”is a sheet -i r on shield ,

wh ich r oofs the cage . T he t ubs ar e held in thei r places bythe “ sneck , a simple bol t passing th r ough the top of eachfloor , wi th p r oject ing r evol v ing ca tches at each end, whicha r e tur ned down as the tubs ar e passed on . At the top of

the shaft the cage is r eceived and suppor ted by“ keps ,

”

ca tches which yield to the upwa r d passage , bu t wh ich fa lloutwa r d immed ia tely , and for m p r ojecting r ests , on wh ichthe cage stands wh i lst the fu ll tubs a r e being r emoved and

r eplaced by empty ones , as each floor in tur n is made to passand r est on the “ keps .” At the bottom of the shaft thestr uctur e descends in to the “

cage-hole ,” wher e its va r ious

stages a r e r el ieved in tur n of the empty tubs , and r efilledwi th laden ones .

CAGM AG , coa r se , bad food ; as an old goose , an infer iorsheep .

CAGU M , a“ fa i r r ound belly . H e

’

s pu ttin on a cannycagum

- tha t i s , g r owing stout .

CAIN -AND -ABEL , the ear ly pu r ple or ch is , Or chis mascula .

CAINGE , to wh ine , to g r umble .

CAINGE L ,a cr abbed fellow .

— B r oekett, 3 rded.

CAINGY , cross - temper ed . S ee KAI NGY.

CA I RD , a t inker — N er thumber land.—H alliwell

’

s D iet.

CAIRD , a car d . A lso a wool car d , for mer ly used for prepar ingthe wool for sp inn ing in to ya r n .

Har der cai rds than wor e to play.

T . W i lson , P i tman ’s Pay , pt. v . 62 .

CAI R D E R , a wool comber .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 26 NORTH U M B ERLAND W ORD S .

CALLANT,a young man .

Ye col l ier callants , so clever ,R esiding

’

tween Tyne and the W ea r

Col l ier ’

s Pay Week , 1 801 .

Nyen bu t ver r a clever ca llantsCou ld lear n in

’

s leather mount se hie .

Thos . W i lson , The Pi tman'

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i . , v 104 .

I t i s also applied to a loose fellowGang seek you r callands.

—G S tuar t , 7oco-S er iousD iscour se, 1686 ,p 64 .

CA L L E E V E R I N G , flying wi ldly or act ively about .“ Calleever ing o ver the h ill s .

“ A wi ld ca lleever ing youth .

”

H odgson M S .

“ Come in t i the hoose an’

divent stop ther ecaleever in on .

”

CALLER (a shor t) , fr esh , cool . Th i s wo r d is ver y fam i l iar inthe str eet cr y,

H er e’ s yor cal ler har r in , her e

’ s yor bonnyfr esh ha r r in .

” Let ’s hev some caller ai r I t ’ s a fine caller1 ”

11101 11111

G ie me Ca i r ter’

s ca l ler spr ingT . W i lson , Car ter

’

s Wel l .

CALLER . S ee CAAL E R .

CALLET,to scold .

“ A calletin housewife is a per t , saucy ,confi r med scold— B r ockett.

CALLS . Some of the ca l l s to the an ima l s on a fa r m a r e as

fol low : Whi te-hoddy , or Gandy-

gandy , a ca ll to geese ; H ickhick to ducks Chack-chuck to hen s Pea -pea to tu r keysCujf -cufi

'

to pigeon s Gise

gis to the pig S ty is under stood tomean “

off to you r sty ”

; Fy-lake is a sim ila r command to

geese ; H oof-hoof , or H eavy-heavy , or Gaash-coash (a lways twice

r epea ted) , t o cows H ap-howay to u r ge on . In speaking to ahor se a pecu l iar noi se is made someth ing l ike Fwyee, or Fwyeeah-ha ; Whoa , or Wea , is stop ; H eck

,o r H ite, or H ye, go to the

left , or the side on which the man wa lks when a foot a longsidehis hor se ; Gee is go to the r ight . In u r ging a dog to d r iveca tt le away , Fy neut i s ve r y often used . A cr y of encour agemen t to a dog i s H one-lad.

CAL L U S T ,har d to the touch . S ee KALL U S T .

CALM -PENCIL , a slate -penci l made fr om ver y soft beds of

Clay-sla te cal led cam, or calm. I t is got at G r ea t Swinbu r neM i ll , says M r . H odgson , anda t other places wher e beds ofclay-sla te have been pa r tia l ly baked by wh in dykes .

”

Her e , too (near H ou sesteads) , a bedof tor r ified l imestone , with one

of coam or penci l sch ist , l ies diagona l ly in the basa ltic cl iff .

” —Hodgson’

s

Nor thumber land, i i i 2 , p . 288 .

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 1 27

CAM (p.t. of come) , came . A chep cam up , ga me a fr ee t ;’ twa s l i t tle Skipper C la r k , man .

”S ee CO M .

CAM , o r KAM E , the ear th th r own up fr om a d i tch on wh ichthe quicks for a hedge ar e plan ted ; an ea r then dyke . S ee

KA IM .

T he hoonds heda g r an r un , bu t some 0’

the fieldhed sai r tues at the

finish gettin’

ower the cams.

"-Descr iption of a Hunt.

CAM ,CAM S [N .] a mould , gener a lly fo r making bullet s .

CAM , a wh i t ish , indur a ted sha le .

“ Swinbu r n cam.

CALM -PENC I L .

GAM M EREL ,CAM BREL , a cr ooked stick , used by butcher s

for hang ing up car cases . T he hock of an an imal . S ee

H ANGE R E L .

CAM P ,to r ace , or st r ive in shea r ing cor n . In the har vest -field

the r eaper s wer e accustomed to sta r t upon thei r a l lotted r igs ,and the campin was the r ace in which one st r ove to fin i sh hisr ig fi r st . T he custom wa s abandoned about 1 872 , in con

sequence Of the gener a l adopt ion of r eaping machines . T he

wor d is a lso found as kemp .

CAM PLE , to a r gue , to an swe r per tly and fr owar dly whenr ebuked by a super ior .

— B r ockett.

CA M S T A R Y , C A M S T E A RY ,K AM S T A R R Y , w ild ,

unmanageable . S ee KAM S T AR I E .

A gadman to take cha r ge of the team. H is i r on-pointed instr ument

was made of a young mou nta i n ash o r r owan tr ee , wh ich kept thewi tches away fr om making the cattle camsteery .

”— W . Br ockie , Legends andS uper sti ti ons, p 1 1 8 .

CAN , the al lowance of beer cla imed by keelmen . Can-money isthe cash paymen t cla imed by the same honest fr ater n ity ofkeel bull ies ,

”in stead of the fo rmer customar y d r ink. Can

house , an a le-house .

Ever y time they loada keel Of coals fr om the staith , or dyke ,’

they

get a‘can ,

’

or a l lowance of ale equ a l in va lue to two sh i l lings andsix

pence — The Nor ther n Tr ibune, 1 854 , vol i p . 2 10

Pat by wor gea r andmoor edwor keel ,Then went anddr ank wor can

Weel may the Keel R owA llan

'

s Col lection , p. 324

1 28 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

CANCH , a p r ecip i tou s r i se l ike a step . In a r i ver bedor in a

r ock cutt ing , wher e the st r ata lea v e step -like p r ojection s ,they a r e known as canches.

At Tyne M a in once ther e was a ca unch ,

And famous spo r t was fou nd ther e .

S o long i t stood— so h igh andstaunch

A l l vessels took the g r ound ther e .

R . G i lch r ist , 1 83 5 , “ A N ew S ong for Barge D ay .

Bards of the Tyne, p . 937 .

Ther e ar e a str ing of canches fr om the W i l lows to the g lass-hou ses on

Blaydon Haugh , the r iver winding abou t those canches l ike a mi ll r ace .

T he sa idcanches mu st g r ow wor se and wor se un less something he done

to pr otect the channel fr om the action of the inflowing bu r ns .— Newe.

Dai ly Chr onicle, Aug . 23 r d, 1 887 .

A p r otu ber ance , or cer tain thickness of stone to be wor ked opencast .

—M in ing Gloss . , Newe. Terms , 1 852 .

In a th in seam of coa l it i s necessa r y to wor k ei ther an uppero r lowe r str a tum Of stone a long wi th the coal , to give heightto the pa ssage way. T he coa l being wo r ked fi r st

, lea ves a

steep -l ike p r oject ion of stone . Thi s is a canch. Coal and

stone ar e thus wor ked away a l te r na tely . A top much is

left un t i l the stone in the “r oof i s thus wor ked away . A

bot tom canch when the stone in the “ th i ll ” is being takenout . Wher e a slight fau l t or Sl ip occu r s in a bed of coal ,the d isloca t ion lea v es one par t of the seam above the other ,the step thus for med being a canch. H er e top and bot tomcanch have to be wo r ked away to make a g r adien t for ther oadway : A top coach i s a lso ca l led a br oo (br ow) .

CANDLE -BARK ,a r oun d cylind r ical box , used for stor ing

candles . Often ca lled simply a bar k.

CANDLE -CREEL ,a basket fo r stor ing cand les . Play ing

a t candle-cr eel , p laying at ca r ds for candles . In ear ly win ter ,fa rmer s used to set off to a neighbour ing r endezvous , eachman wi th a cr eel or ba ske t of candles . A successful playerobta ined a stock enough to ser ve his needs for the far m u se

th r oughout the r est of the win ter .

CANDLE -S IEVE , a candle wi th w ick made of the pi th of a

r ush .

CANDYM AN , a bum-ba iliff or p r ocess ser ver ; the man whoser ves n ot ice of ejectmen t . As the pi tman occupies his

house in par t paymen t of wages , i t becomes necessar y forhim t o v aca te it , shou ld he leave hi s wor k at the coll ier y .

Du r ing “ the gr ea t st r ike , as i t i s s t i ll ca lled , in 1 844 , the

wa r between capi ta l and labou r was car r ied out ver y b i t ter ly ,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 30 NOR T H U M BE R LAN D’

WOR D S .

CANN INESS , kindl iness , andal l the vi r tues included in beingcanny .

CANNON -NAIL , the na i l tha t holds the car t body to the axle.

CANNY,an embod imen t of all tha t is kindly , good , andgen tle .

T he highest complimen t that can be pa id to any per son is

to say tha t he or she is canny . As “ home ”e xp r esses the

Engli sh love of the fi r eside , so in Tyneside and Nor thumberlan d does canny exp r ess ever y home vi r tue . All tha t is goodand loveable in man or woman is cover ed by the expr ession ,

Eh , wha t a canny body A Chi ld appea l ing for helpo r p r otection a lways addr esses his elder as canny man .

P lease , canny man , gi’

s a li ft i ’ yor ca i r t.” O

, canny man ,

0 Show me the way toW a ll ington .

” Wha t Nor thumber landba i r n bu t has appea led , when pun ishmen t impended , P lease ,canny man , i t wa sn

’ t me T he fishwife who wi shes tocompl imen t her customer says , N oo , canny-h inny

, see wha t

yorO , bonny Hobby E ll iot ,O , canny Hobby sti l l ,

0,bonny Hobby E l l iot ,W ho l ives at Har low H i l l .

T he word “r efer s as wel l to the beau ty of form as of manner s and

mor als ; bu t most par ticu lar ly i s u sed to descr ibe those m i ld andaffectionate dispositions wh ich r ender a per son agr eeable in the domesticstate .

”— Hodgson M S .

W o r canny hou ses , dufii t theek’

dW or canny wives wi th in

’

em,

W or canny ba i r ns , se chubby cheek’

d,

And sweet andclean ye’

l l find’

emA r e a

’ deckedou t in S unday tr im,

T0 mense this g r eat occasion .

”

T . W i lson , The Oi l i n’

o’ D icky

’

s Wig , 1 826 .

Gan wi’ me , l ike a canny lad.

"

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , 1 826 , pt . i v . 7 1 .

I t has a lso the following sign ifications : Endea r edH ow wel l we r emember the canny bit shop .

”

R . Gi lch r ist , 1 83 5 , S ong of Impr ovements.

Bards of the Tyne, p 4 1 7 .

ModestT o get u s a canny bi t leevin ,

Aw kinds 0’

fine sweetmeets we’

ll sel l .

W . M idford, P i tman ’

s Cou r tship, 1 81 8 .

What canny l ittle wegges we u sedta ha ta payGeo. Chatt , OldFarmer , 1 866 .

O r der ly , nea t“ E h , lads , bu t i t

'

s a bonny way !Bu t what myest pleasedwor Nanny,

W as seeing fog ies, awdandg r ay,Pa idju st for keepin

’

t canny .

”

T . W i lson , The Otli'

n'

o’ D icky

'

s Wig ,1 826 .

Ca r eful Be canny wi’ the suga r .

NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S . I 3 I

Canny i s a lso used adver bia lly , as“ Canny , noo, canny

l

or“ Gan canny

”— tha t i s, go gent ly .

A , U , A ,maa bonny ba i r n ,

A , U , A , upon maa a i rm ,

A , U ,A , thoo syun may la i r u

T o say dada se canny .

R . Nunn, d. 1 85 3 , S andgate Wife

'

s Nur se S ong .

They str oked them canny , wi’the ha i r .

T . W i lson , Opening Newcastle andCar l isle R azlway , 1 838.

No canny mean s unhuman , as a witch or wiza r d . S ee

note under N o .

In combin a t ion , we have canny-bit

,a con s ider able por t ion of

anyth ing , a good dea l . Aa’

ve steudin’ her e a canny

-bet

I’

ve stood her e a con sider able t ime. H e w is a canny-bit

aheedon us — he wa s a good way ahead of us . Canny-few,

a fa i r number . W a s thor mony at the meetin’the day

W ey, a canny-few.

”

Then Gyetside jackW addance w r

'

gogg le -eyedM al ly, 0 ;Bu t up cam Nick , an

’

gav him a kick

An’a canny bet kindof a fal ley, O

J . S elki r k , d 1 843 , S walwel l Hopping .

CANNY -NANNY , a sma ll species of the humble bee , dist ingu ished by ha v ing s ix st r ipes , commencing on the nose .

I t i s so cal led because i t is stingless .

CANT , an ang le gr ea ter than a r ight angle ; a sha r p , suddentur n which upsets . T he tip or tur n gi ven t o a sca le beamin weigh ing is ca lled a cant. In the th r ifty ma r ket ing of the

p i tman , the poun d of sugar is descr ibed as“ in quar ter

pounds in o r der to secur e fou r cants of the scale in weighing .

” — T . W i l son , N ote to P itman’

s Pay , endof pt . i ., 1 843 .

I f the tr am hadg i en a cant,’twadflung the ma ister oot .

— T . R V

A R amble to see S adler’

s Bal loon , 1 8 16 .

CANT,to tur n on edge , to tip ove r , t o make w ith a cant.

H exagon n uts ar e ca l led cantednuts .

CANT,to sell by auct ion . Hence cantin , an auct ion ; andcante

'

n

caalor , an auctioneer .

I W i l l yt al l my goods a fter my deathe sha lbe canted and sold at myfor edor e —Newcastle Wells andI nventor zes, 1 570

CANT-D OG , a handsp ike wi th a hook , used for tur ning overla r ge p ieces of t imber .

1 32 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CANTEEN , a small wooden flat ba r r el , con ta in ing about halfa ga l lon , in which a p i tman car r ies wa ter or coffee w i th himto his wor k — Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms, 1 849.

CANTER , oldmi lk cheese .

CANTLE , the top of the head , the cr own ; the head of a ca sk .

CANTLE -P I ECE , tha t pa r t of the end of a ca sk in to whichthe tap i s d r iven— N or thnmber land.

—H al liwell’

s D ict.

CANTR IP ,CANTRAP , a spell , a charm , a t r ick, or out -oi

the -way per for mance.

W her e l ike a conju r or he ’

dsit,H is black a ir t at some cantr aps tr yin

T . W i lson , The Pi tman’

s Pay , 1 827 , pt. 11 v , 46 .

CANTY , l ively , cheer ful , andcomfor table.

S ti l l Jack ’

s an honest , canty cock ,As ever dr a in '

dthe ju ice of bar ley.

T . W i lson , The Pi tman ’

s Pay , 1 826 , pt . i v . 90.

Ha l f cock’

d, an’

canty , hyem we gat .

The same, pt . i i i v . 82 .

O , my sweet laddie ,

M y canny keel laddyS e hansum, se canty , and fr ee , 0

H . R obson , S andgate L assz'

e'

s Lament.Al lan

'

s Collectwn , p . 2 1 1 .

U pon a pin hung a silk mantyAndwi ly-coat (to make her canty) .

G . S tu ar t , yoco-S er zons D iscour se, 1 686 , p . 50

CAP ,to ove r top , to su r pa ss . Th is caps the stack is a

p r over b , mean ing someth ing over topp ing .

“ A good stor ycapped”

(Geordy’

s L ast, 1 878 , p . 5)— a good sto r y su r passed .

To put a cap o r shackle on a r ope .

An’

let wor canny town sfolk knaw

That Bi lly’s show sti l l caps them a

j. P . R obson , Bel ly Pur vis’

s Bundle, 1 849 .

CAP , the blue“ top on a candle or lamp when it bu r n s in a

m ixtu r e of fi r e -damp anda ir , not in an exp losive condition .

Gr eenwell .

CAPES (hyeps) , ear s of cor n b r oken off in th r a sh ing , or gr ainsof co r n to which the husk adher es after th r a shing .

CAPH E E D , a top p laced upon an a i r -box used in sinking a

pit , &c. , for the pur pose of catch ing as much a i r as possible .Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms, 1 849.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

134 NORTH U MBER LAND WORD S .

CARL IN S , “choice g r ey -peas , of the p r eceding autumn ,

steeped in spr ing wa ter for twel ve o r fifteen hou r s,t i ll they

a r e soaked or macer a ted ; then la id on a sieve , in the opena i r , tha t they may be exter na l ly dr y. Thus swelled , and

en lar ged to a con sider ab le s ize , and on the ver ge of vege

ta t ing , they a r e put in an i r on pot , or othe rwi se , on a slowfi r e , and kept sti r r ing . They wi ll then pa r ch , cr ack ,

and,

as we pr ov incially cal l it , b r i stle : when they beg in to bu r st ,they a r e r eady to ea t.

”

(Gentleman’

s M agazine, 1 788 , fr om a

Nor thumber land cor r esponden t .) Another method adoptedis to fr y the ca r lins wi th fat , and sea son h igh ly wi th pepperand sa l t . T he second Sunday befor e Ea ster I S obse r ved as

Car l in Sunday . A t r adi tion associa tes th i s custom w i th a

commemor at ion of the d i scip les plucking the ea r s of co r n on

the Sabba th day. Another a ssoci a tes it wi th a fam ine inNewca st le , wh ich was r el ieved by the ar r i va l of a sh ip in the

Tyne loaded w i th a ca r go of g r ey pea s . T he r ememb r ance

of thei r deliver ance was thencefor th pr ocla imed by the peoplein obser ving a fea st of ca r l ins on the second Su nday befor eEa ster . T he u se of ca r l ins on th is day is , however , not

confined to the Tyn eside people . T he la r ge pea s of a

b r own ish yellow spotted colou r , ca lled “ b r an d lings,

”a r e

qui te d i ffer en t fr om the o r d ina r y gr ey pea , and a r e muchfancied and in r equest for car lins.

CARL IN SUNDAY , the fifth Sunday in Len t .

On th is day ou r labou r ing people assemb le a t the i r accu stomed

alehou ses , to spend thei r ca r lzng-

gr oats . T he landlord p r ovides the

car l i ngs .

"— M ackenz ie , H i story of Nor thumber land,1 825 , vol . i p . 2 1 6 .

CARL I SH , ha r d , sti ff ; appl ied to r opes d ifficul t to bend , &c.

H e’

s as car l ish as a p iece 0’

bend leathe r .

CARL I SLE -GATE , CAREL -GATE ,CAREL-STREET

,

KARLE -GATE . T he old Roman r oads lead ing th r oughNor thumber land in the d i r ect ion of Ca r l isle wer e known a s

Car l isle-

gate. Gait o r Gate, a r oad . S ee S T AN E GAT E .

Befor e the year 1 293 , the king’

s Justices i tiner an t seem to have sometimes hal tedat Fou r stones on therthis way, as i t passed th r ough theNewb r ough , is ev iden tly ca l led Ca r l i sle-

gate

Nor thumber land, i i i . , 2 , p . 275 , note 0

Little mor e than a cen tu r y since , one o f the names of th

fr om Bewclay, nor th of Cor b r idge , and no r th -eastwa r d to

Tweed,

“ was cal ledCar l isle Causey .

"— The same.

T he R oman W a l l ,“ W i th the outer pa r al lel mi l i tar y

Ca ’

r el-str eet.”— The same, p . 307 .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WoR D s. 1 35

CARR,a mar sh , as P r estwick Car r , wh ich wa s fo rmer ly ha lf

lake and ha lf mar sh . T he n ame occu r s on ly once in

Nor thumbe r land— in P r estwick Car r above .

CARRE , a hol low place wher e water stands .— R ay

’

s Gloss.

CARR , in place-n ames , as Bondicar r , Ber l ing Ca r r , n ear

War kwor th , i s a r ocky p lace . I t i s noted in Nor thumber landas occur r ing twen ty times .— M r . J . V . G r egor y , P lace-namesof N or thumber land, p . 63 .

[OldNor thumb r ian— car r , r ock j A r ock now speci al ly appl ied to

insu latedr ocks off the Nor thumb r ian andS cottish coasts .— D r . M u r r ay ,

N ew E ng . D iet

S a i l ye near . or sai l ye far ,Keep off the r ocks of Bondica r r .

OldR hyme

CARROCK , CU R R ICK , CURROCK , a cr ag , a ca i r n . In M r .

J . V . G r egor y ’s P lace-names in N or thumber landits occur r ence isnoted five t imes th r ee t imes as appl ied to inhabi ted p laces .

CARROT-POW E D , r ed-hai r ed or ca r r ot -headed .

CART-BODY, the wooden body of a ca r t or waggon . Car t-ar se ,

the loose endof a car t — H al liwell’

s D iet.

CARTER -FELL, the d i v id ing r idge between England and

Scot land , fr om whence i ssues the r i ver Rede . Nea r the

souther n e x t r em i ty of the pa r i sh of S imonbu r n we ha ve the

G r een -Car ts and the B lack -Car ts, s ign ifying r especti vely thegr een heights or h i l ls , and the b lack o r heathy hi l ls — R ev . A .

Hedley, A r eha’

olog ia E liana , vol . i . , p . 254 .

CARTIES , or S AR T IE S , cer tes , sur ely .

“ S or ties, y’or iv a

ho r r y. P r obably for M da S ar ties l— an exclamat ion .

CAS , because .

CASH , a soft band ; somet imes found sepa r a t ing one st r a tumfr om another when th in , ca lled a cashy pa r t i ng — Gr eenwell .

White post , wi th cashy par tings .— B0r lngs andS inkings , A B p . 46 .

CAS IL TY , weakly , in doub t ful hea l th .

“ H oo he’

ye getten

on wi’

yor lambs thi’

eer ?” Why , tho r

’s a lot on them

nobbu t casi lty.

”R ay has the wor d

“ Kaeza rdly ca t t lesubject to die ; hazardous, subject to ca sua l t ies .

CAS IN S ,

“ dr ied cow ’ s dung,used fo r fuel . — R ay

’

s Gloss.

CAS KIT , luna r caust ic, n i tra te of s ilver .— D r . E mbleton , M S .

136 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

CAS KIT , a cabbage sta lk. S ee CA S TOC K .

CAS KITY , or CAS K E TY , soft and sappy. Anything cashety ,

or full of sap and easi ly br oken , is sa id to be fr ush .

CASS , t o ca st away , to d isper se ; p . par t. , cassen. T he formof hest is used as pa st tense.

Like ony chicken efter moot ,

W hen i ts awdcoat i t fa i r ly casses

T . W i lson Pi tman ’

s Pay, 1 829, pt. i i i . , v 5 .

just l ike cassen claes

T . W i lson , Humble Petition , 1 83 2 .

N ow have I cassen away my ear s.

J . B . R umney, E chy’s M ar e

Wher e me eyes wer e casssen

I t seemedas i f the bu sy shor e’ l lCheer edcanny Tyne i

’

passmT . Thompson , (1. 1 8 1 6 , yinuny 70neson

’

s Wher ry .

CASSEN,said of a sheep when ca st upon i ts back and unable

unable to r ise . S ee AW E LT .

CASSEN -OOT , th r own out ; used wi th r efer ence to the

or dina r y déb r i s of pi t s , bu t a lso to n a tu r a l outcr ops and

faul ts . E x .— Casten -oot to theday ,

cr opping out a t the su r face .

H ugh M i ller , Geology of Otter bur n andE lsdon.— M emoi r , Geolog .

S ur vey , 1887 .

CAST,to ca st up , to th r ow up . T he wor d appea r s to be

ma r ked wi th i ts fina l t as a va r ian t fr om cass, wh ich mean sme r ely to d isper se . Cast, on the con t r a r y , is a lways di stinct lyp r on ounced , and i s a ssocia ted wi th the act of cutt ing or

shovel l ing and l ifting a thing ; hence the exp r essions , “ toeast sn ow ,

” “ to cast pea t ,” “ to cast ba lla st ” a r e a l l connected

wi th wor k don e wi th a spade or shovel . Compar e CASS , and

the substan t ive for m of the wo r d , under CAST below .

A gu tter east in the C lose for water .— M unicipal Accounts, Newcastle ,

—October , 1 656 .

Pa ide to W i l liam G r aie , for looking for casti ng ba ll ist in to- the r iver ,

or other r ubb ish .— M un icipal Accounts, Newcastle , 1 593 .

CAST , to twi r l , or wa r p , applied to wood— B r ockett.

CAST , to add up . Castin’

coon ts (P i tman’

s Pay)— add ing upaccoun t s.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 38 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CAT, a ball m ade by m ixing coal and clay together . T he

“ C r ow coa l ” wh ich is found in the e x t r eme south -wes t of

N or thumber land and in A lston d ist r ict bur n s w ith a foet idsmell . To p r e ven t the d iscomfor t ther eby occasioned , cats

a r e used in the domest ic hea r th . Placed in a pea t fi r e theysoon become incandescen t , p r oducing a hot , la sting glow.

They ar e sometimes cal led clay -cats.

CAT , .

a p iece of wood used in the boys ’ game of kitty-cat.

CAT -BAND, an i r on band passing over the cove r of a ha tch.

in a keel , by wh ich it is fa sten ed down it i s hooked in to a

staple at one end, and locked at the other . Sti l l in commonu se on the Tyne . A lso “

an i r on loop placed on the underside of the cen t r e of a flat cor f bow, in wh ich to inser t thehook .

”— Gr eenwell .

Pa ide for a catt-‘

bande anda staple~ for the dor e that the pr iest br unte

in p r ison , 6d.— Newcastle M un icipal Accounts, 1 593 .

CAT -BU ILT ,appl ied to an Old style of shipbui lding

,wh ich

is descr ibed as being on the N or wegian model . T he ster nwas much nar r owed , and the planking Swept up

’

in an

ell ipt ica l fa shion , gi v ing a

'

bar r el -shaped appear ance. T he“ tumble in was so con sider ab le tha t a man could stand on

the side andpa in t the bulwa r k. T he last of the old cat-built

ships i s sa id to ha ve been w r ecked about 1 850. T he p inkwas a de velopmen t of the model ,

’which was super seded bythe later type of coll ier .

CATCH a Sudden pa in , a sti tch . Aa’

ve getten a catch i’

me

side .

CATCH , asneck or ha sp for fa sten ing a door . T he moveabl

checks by wh ich tubs ar e held in thei r p laces in a pi t

ar e ca l led catches.

CATCH -DAY , a tenan t’ s obl iga t ion .

That is , to go fr om the lord’

s house wi th a hor se- loadof hisafter sunr ise , and r e tu r n befo r e sunset , bu t du r ing that time not beyonda r easonable distance — Hodgson

’

s Nor thumber land, vol . i i i , 2 , p . 67 ,note e ; a lso p . 1 44 , note.

CATCH ED , p.t. of catch .

S o hyem he com an catched the beast. — M . Catcheside , Ye L ambtoWorm, 1 867 .

CATCH Y,r eady to find faul t , or quick a t playing on

expressions of another .

NORTH UM BERLAN D WORD S . 1 39

CATCH Y , a ch ild ’ s game , in wh ich one ca tches another .

CAT-GALLOWS , a game played by ch i ld r en . I t con sists oftwo sticks placed up r igh t, wi th one a cr oss , over wh ich theyleap in tu r ns — B r ockett.

CAT-HAA, the hawthor n ber r y ; ca l led bull -haawhen of la r ge size.

M any h ips , many haas ,M any fr osts , many snaas

Pr over b.

CAT -H ER D ,an i r on stone nodule . A th in compact st r a tum i s

somet imes ca lled “a gi r d le , o r cathead.

”O r these st r a ta a r e

descr ibed as“cathead g i r dles — tha t is , n odular gi r d les .

Sha le con ta in ing nodules o f i r on stone is ca lled “cat/zeady

meta l .”

CAT H E P , CAT H IP , the ber r y of the R osa spinosissima . S ee

CAT -W H IN .

CAT -PEASE the fr ui t of the vetch , Vicia sativa .

CAT R AIL , tha t S i ngu la r wor k ca lled the Catr a i l , con sist ing ofa d itch w i th a r ampar t of ear th on each side , which hasbeen t r aced fr om the P eel fel l , between Nor thumbe r land andRo xbu r ghsh i r e , acr oss the la t ter coun ty— to M osa lee fa rm , a

mile W estwar d of G a la shiel s . (S . O liver the Younger , R amblesi n N or thumber land

, 1 83 5 , p .

“ I t is fr equen tly ca lled theP icts-wor k d i tch .

”

(The same, p .

“ T he cou r se of thi ssingu la r wor k , followmg it in a l l its wind ings , was upwar dsof for ty-five m i les . In some places the t r ench has ‘been

obser ved to be about twen ty-seven feet b r oad , and the

r ampar ts of ea r th on each s ide fr om say six to ten feet h igh ,and fr om e ight to twel ve feet th ick .

”

(The same, p .

“ I tis an in ven ted n ame for an i n ven ted r ampar t , both du e to theimag in a t ion of Cha lme r s — Caledonia , (John ston , P lace

names of S cotland, p .

CAT ’S CLOVER ,the bi r d ’ s -foot t r efo il , L otus cor niculatus.

Ca lled a lso cr aa -taes andcr aa’

s foot.

CAT ’S-COLLOP,the m i l t , or spleen of an ima l s .

CAT ’

S CROP, the cr op fr om sma l l pota toes wh ich ha ve been

left i n the gr ound du r ing the win te r , a ndwh ich sp r ing up inan i r r egular manner in the summer .

CAT ’S -FOOT , gr ound ivy.—R ay

’

s Gloss.

CAT-TAILS , the seeding sta lks of cot ton -g r ass . S ee L ING .

140 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

CATTER , an old n ame for a pla ster er . T he fr a ter n i ty of

plaster er s in Newca stle wer e ancien tly styled “catter s and

dauber s .”— B r and , H ist. of N ewe. , vol . ij. , p . 268 , note. S ee

CAT ,1,andD AABE R . (Obs .)

CATTIS,st r aw much b r oken in th r esh ing is ter med knocked

aa to cattis.

” Cotton wadding or cotton wool put in the ear

is ca l led cattis.

CAT -WH IN , bur net r ose (R osa spinosissima) .— B r ockett, 3 rd. ed.

CAT-WITH -TWO -TAILS , an ea rwig .

CAUK-SPAR , bar ytes . S ee CAW K .

CAULDRON BOTTOM S , fami liar ly ca l led cau ldr on-ar ses, coneshaped ma sses of stone occu r r ing occa siona l ly in the r oof ofa coa l m ine . They ha ve smooth sides , and, when the coa l isexcava ted below , they ar e apt to d r op out wi thout war n ing ,and for m one of the ser ious danger s to which the m iner isl iable . They a r e somet imes ca lled pot-stones.

C A U S E Y,C AW S E Y (pr onounced caasey) , a causeway.

“ Cawsey Bank ,”in N ewca stle , a st r eet lead ing fr om Ci ty

Road to Gar th H eads , fo rmer ly paved w i th smal l cobb lestones ; hence its n ame . T he term is also specia l ly appliedto the r ema in s of Roman pa ved r oads in No r thumber land ,wh ich ar e popu lar ly ascr ibed to super natu r a l agency

,as

“ Cob ’ s Cawsey , or“ Devi l ’ s Cawsey ,

”a br anch fr om the

Watl ing Str ee t str iking off nor th of the Wall .

CAUTION -BOARD , a war n ing not ice in a pit to caution the

men not to p r oceed t i ll in st r uction s a r e given by the deputy,who does not per m i t a naked l ight o r an un locked safetylamp to be ca r r ied beyond the poin t indica ted by the caution

boa rd.

CAVE ,to sepa r a te ; to sepa r a te wi th a r ake and the foot the

sho r t st r aws fr om cor n . Thi s oper at ion is done by holding ar ake andkicking the shor t st r aw aga inst the teeth to separ atethe cor n . S ee CAV i N s .

CAVEL ,CAV IL

,a d ist r ibut ion by lot. Covels ar e the lots

ca st by pi tmen a t sta ted per iods for the d iffer en t wor kingp laces . Each col l ier d r aws his cavel , and the number on hi s

t icket i s the number of the “ bor d ”at wh ich he must hew

fo r a sta ted per iod , t i ll an other cavel ling takes place . T he

wo r d i s p r onounced as hyevel . Cavels ar e a lso d i v i sion s o f

land . S ee CAB LE , KYE VE L , andnote under KEVEL .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

142 NORTH U MBERLAN D WORD S .

CH AIR-DAY, the evening of l i fe ; tha t per iod wh ich , fr om its

ad vanced sea son and infi r mi ty , is ch iefly passed in ease and

indulgence — B r ochett, 3 rd. ed.

CH AI R GE , cha r ge .

Pa id to M r . Ch r istopher S hafto ,lawler , in par te pa imente of h is

cha lr ges, 8l ."

-Newcastle M unicipal Accounts, 1 593

CH ALDER , CH ALDRON , in Newcastle , 13 a measu r e of 53cwts . of coa l . T he old col l ier y waggon con ta in s a chaldr on ,

and is ca l led a chaldr on waggon . Eight of these equal a keel

of coa ls .” To hea r a sh ip descr i bed as“of twen ty keels ”

r efer s to the ca r r ying capaci ty of the vessel . S ee KEEL .“ T he or igina l cha ldr on (of coals) was 2 ,000 lbs . weight . W e

acco r dingly find the chaldr on r a ted in 1 530 at si x bolls,in

a lease of m ines a t E lswick , fr om the P r ior of Tynemouth .

In 1 600 we find“ the coa l waynes con tain ing eight bol ls , andsome scar ce seven bolls .” (Books of H oastmen 3 Company .) In

poin t of fact seven anda half bolls of coa l a r e equal to ver ynea r ly 2 ,000 lbs . weight , per moder n custom house admeasu r emen t . And we thus pe r ceive how the keels wer e sa id

,so

ea r ly as 1 42 1 , to car r y twen ty- two or twen ty- th r ee chaldr ons ;twen ty- th r ee chaldr ons, of lbs . weight each , being equalto nea r ly eight moder n Newca stle chaldr ons, of 5 3 cwts . each .

If fr om the London chaldr on ,a r ight p r opo r tion is deducted

for “ heaped mea su r e ,

”we sha ll have left a lmost exactly

lbs. weight as above . (T . John Taylor , A r cheology ofthe Coal T r ade,

“ T he con ten t of the chaldr on waggon

(custom -house measu r emen t ) is 2 1 7 989 cubic inches ; and

tha t of the boll being 9676 8 , the chaldr on i s ther efor e equa lto 22 526 bol ls , andnot , as usua lly bu t er r oneou sly sta ted , as24 bol l s . (Glossary of Coal T r ade Ter ms, S ee BOLL .“ I tem ,

pa id to the colyer es for thei r San t Thoma s Chala’

er s, at

Chr ystenmas , 1 2d.

”

(N ewcastle M unicipal Accounts, December ,T he chalder was a lso a measur e of gr a in , con si sting

i n gener aBu lce, sub.

stones wer e measur ed by the chaldr on or cha lder . AtB i shop ’ s Sta i th andH ewor th Sta i th 101 chalder of g r indstones ,753 5 (Cole s I nventory ,

1 583 .— Richa r d Welfor d

,H istory of

N ewcastle, vol . p .

CH AL L E N S , CH ALLENGE , to accost , to cla im acqu

ance. Aa wadgyemclean pa st i f he hadn ’ t ehal lens’

d u“ When he challens’du s, aa says tiv h im ,

‘Ye he’

the bet

on U S .

CHAM ‘

, awry.l ; Gr ose

’

s Gloss.

NORTHUMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

CHANCE -BAIRN , an i l legit ima te chi ld— B r ockett.

CH ANCY ,p r ecar ious . Uncer ta in in oper a t ion ,

“a chancy

hor se .

”

CH ANGE , o r CH ANGER-W I FE ,an i t iner an t apple woman

,

or dealer in ear thenwa r e , who takes old clothes o r r ags inexchange for wha t she sel l s .

Cheap apples , wives ! Cheap apples ,w ives ! S eek oot a

’

you r aud

r ags , or and shoes , or andcla ise to-day— (Newcastle C r y)

— B r ockett.

CH ANGER -AND -GRATH ER , the man who changes and

r epa i r s the pump ing bucket s in a pi t. S ee G RA ITH , 3 .

CH ANNEL ,CANNEL

,gr avel ; being the ma ter ia l of wh ich

the channel or bed of a r iver is composed— D r . M u r r ay , N ew

E ng . D iet. S ee CH IN N E L .

S andandchannel . —Bor ings andS i nki ngs , F K . , p . 14 .

S andandcanne —The same, A .B p . 2 1 8 .

CHANNER , to scold , not loud ly , bu t con stan tly ; to beincessan t ly comp la in ing.

S he keeps channer , channer i ng a l l day long— B r ockett.

T he cock doth cr aw , the day doth daw ,

T he channer i n’

worm doth chideWife of U sher

’

s Wel l .

CH ANTER , the finger ing p ipe of a bagpipe , on wh ich the a i r

is played .

CH APP IN , a quar t . T he nor ther n for m of chopin. (Obs .)S end in a Chappzn of you r wine .

"— 7oco-S er i ous D iscour se, Newcastle ,

1686 , p . 14 .

CH APS , the jaws . S ee CHAFTS .

CH ARE , a nar r ow lane . Th i s wor d is in ver y common u se in

N ewcast le as the name of na r r ow st r eets or al leys in the

popu lous pa r t s of the ci ty . M any of these wer e dest r oyed bythe gr eat fi r e which followed the Ga teshead explosion of 1 854 .

In 1 800, a s many as twen ty-one char es wer e found on the

Quayside , among which wer e the following — Plumber ’ sCha r e, H or nsby

’ s Char e, B r oad Char e, Col v in’s or Colman

’ sChar e

,Pa llister

’

s Char e, Pepper cor n Char e, B lue Anchor Char e,G r inding or G r indon Char e, Goudy Char e, Byker Char e, Dar k

Char e, Peacock Char e, Tr in i ty Char e, R ewcastle Cha r e, Cox’ s

Char e, C r ome

’ s Char e, Fenwick’ s Char e. East of the Town

Wall , at the oldsubur b of Sandga te, the wor d cha r e i s of

144 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORDS .

less fr equen t occu r r ence , and is mostly r eplaced by the wor d“en t r y ”

; bu t for mer ly ther e e x i sted her e Tho r p ’ s Chor e,

Den t ’ s Chor e, E r r ington’

s or M aughan ’ s Chor e, P ea r son ’ sChor e, Fo x ton

’ s Chor e, and, a t a la ter da te ,Joiner ’ s Chor e

,

M a lcolm ’s Chor e, andCommon Chor e. A ll these wer e na r r owlanes . T he “ B r oad Chor e i t self would admi t a car t

, bu t

the other s n ar r owed down to the st r a ightest and da r kestr et r ea t s . M ost of the chor es, says M ackenzie ,

“ may be

ea si ly r eached acr oss by the e x tended a r ms of a m iddle-sizedman , and some wi th a single a rm ; bu t a stout per son wou ldfind i t r a ther incon ven ien t to p r ess th r ough the upper pa r t ofth is lane (Dar k Chor e) . T he houses her e a lmost touchedeach other a t the t op ; and the whole of these chor es wer eden sely packed w ith human ity . I t has been justly obser ved ,con t inues M ackenzie ,

“ tha t the g r ound occup ied by thesechor es is the most cr owded wi th bu ild ings of any pa r t of hisM ajesty ’s domin ion s .

”

(M ackenzie's H istory of N ewcastle

,p

In the upper town a r e found M anor Chor e, Den tonChor e, F r ia r Chor e, H igh F r ia r Chor e, andP udd ing Chor e, thefi r st-named a wide tho r oughfa r e . In Ga teshead , the lesserpa sses and a venues a r e , as in Newca stle , ca lled chor es.

O akwellgate Chor e, H igh and Low Chu r ch Chor e,St . M a ry

’ sChor e, Toml in son

’ s o r Bai li ff’s Chor e (der i v ing name fr om

some of the ancien t office r s of the bo r ough ) , and Jackson’ s or

Coll ier ’ s Chor e, and M u r k , o r M i r k Chor e. To the e x t incttopogr aphy of Ga teshead belong Poter schiher a , men tioned inthe ear l iest char ter r ela t i v e to the bor ough in the Dur hamT r ea su r y (bu t the R ev . Canon G r eenwell , who p r in t s thedocumen t i n his F eodor ium P r ior otus D unelnzensis, th inks thep r oper ty it gr an t s most p r obably was a par t of the land at

C r aml ington held by the P r ior andConven t ” ) a lso Wa ldescher e and Pylotchar e. At H exham , St . M ar y ’ s Chor e, thena r r ow st r eet , now ca l led Back St r eet , and P udd ing Chor e,n ow ca l led Back R OW . Both chor es lead to the M ar ket P lace .

They appea r on the map of H e xham da ted 1 826 . Ther e isa lso a fa rm nea r Acomb ca lled Chor e H ead . In the vi llageof Wha l ton , N o r thumber land , al so at Whickham , ther e is a

Chu r ch Chor e,”and in M o r peth ther e is a Copper Chor e.

”

At H oly I sland , Tr ipp ing Chor e is found , and at the same

place we ha ve the n ame Chor e ends ” or Chor e fi t s givento the spo t whe r e th r ee lanes conver ge nea r the land ing-p laceof the over sand r oad . Two of these chor es wh ich end her ea r e mer e field r oads , so tha t the term is not app l ied in a ll

ca ses to an a l ley of houses . T he wo r d occu r s in the neighbou r ing coun ty in Sandwell Chor e a t H a r tlepool

,in Castle

Chor e at Du r ham , and at Bishop Auckland , wher e we find

Gaun less Chor e ”and Wea r Chor e.” In Richar dW elfor d ’ s

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

146 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CH AT , r efr eshment s , someth ing to eat.— H odgson M S . SeeCHACK .

CH ATS , keys of t r ees , as ash chats, sycamor e chats, &c. (R ay’

s

Gloss. ,Spr ay wood , sma ll twigs .” (B r ockett, 3 rded.)

Chats in lead -m in ing , sma l l pieces of stone wi th lead or e

adher ing to them . W hen the o r e ha s a po r t ion of the mat r ixa t tached to it , i t is of less specific g r a v ity than the solid or e ,and in p r ocess of d r essing i t comes to the sur face , and the

ma ter ia l so appear ing i s ca lled chats. I t is r aked off and

d r essed in a finer andcloser set m i l l , ca l led a chat m ill , andthe pr oduct is kn own as

“ seconds ” or chat or e .

CH ATTER , to tea r , to make r agged , to b r u i se .— H alliwell

’

s D iet.

Chatter ed, b r uised . S ee S CAT H E R E D .

CH AVYL , a cleave r , as a butcher’ s cleaver .

— H odgson M S .

CH AW D Y , the stomach of a pig , which is cleaned , boi led andeaten as t r ipe .

CH AW L IN , ea t ing wi th a mumbling sound .

CH EAT , a l inen b r ea st piece without a sh ir t to i t— a d ickey.

CH EATRY , decei t ,. fr aud .

CH ECKERS , the game of d r aughts . Checher boa r d , a dr aughtboa r d .

CH ECK-V I EWER , one who checks the wor king of coal onbeha lf of the owner of the r oya lty .

CH ECK -WEIGH M AN , the r epr esen ta t ive of the men , whochecks the weight of coals at the su r face , on behalf of the

wor kmen at a collier y.

CH EEK , the side of a place . T he door cheek.

”T he r ock on

each side of a lode of lead is cal led the cheek of the vein .

T o show them we deal w1 N ewcassel ,Twee b lackeys sal men se the door cheek .

W . M idford, Pi tman ’

s Cour tship, 1 81 8

CH EEP , to make a no ise l ike a young b i r d ; to speak weaklyor qu ietly. H e wis hi tten bad eneu f, yit he n ivver cheeped.

CH EEPER , a young b i r d , an unfledgedth ing.

NORTH U MB E RLAN D WORD S . 1 47

CH EEPY,the t itlar k.

CH EER , a common salutat ion i s “Watchhea r !”or Whatcheer P’

Chea r e, or cheer e, look ; ai r of countenance — Na r e’

s Gloss.

CH EERER , a glass of toddy . Cheer er -gla ss , a la r ge toddytumb le r . Butter ed cheer er , a l i t tle but ter added to Sp i r i tandwar m wa te r .

CH EESE . To place the cheese bottom uppe rmost was fo rmer lyconsider ed as a token of g r ea t d is r espect to the per son so

t r ea ted .

T he folk of Cha t ton say the cheese of Cha t ton i s bet terthan the cheese of Chi ll ingham ; bu t the cheese of Chatton

’

s

nee ma i r l ike the cheese of Ch i l lingham than cha lk ’ s l ikecheese .

” Another r eading of the ir Bor der Sh ibbole th begin s“ Ther e ’ s as good cheese in Ch illingham as e ver Chaft schewed . Denham quotes the above and says the gi r d ”

in

i t is at the loca l p r onuncia t ion at those p laces , sh beingsounded for ch. Th i s pecu l ia r i ty i s a lso loca ted at Chi r n s ide .

S ee M u r r ay , D ialect of S . Counties of S cotland, 1 873 , p . 85 .

T o set the cheese on the table upside down is sti l l consider ed as a

wan t of r espect for the per son befo r e whom i t is placed; and to set down

a loa f bottom uppermost , a fter cu tti ng a sl i ce o f b r ead, is supposed to beas u n lu cky an omen a s to spi l l the salt.

”— S . O l iver , R ambles i n

Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p 1 34 .

CH EESE -AN’-BREED , the budd ing leaves of the hawth o r n ,

wh ich a r e p icked andea ten by ch i ld r en .

CH EESE -AND -BREED -BELL . On Chr i s tma s E ve , a t

H e xham , the P r ior y hell was r ung at seven o’

clock p.m ., a nd

th is was ca lled the cheese-and-br ead-bell .

CH EESES , seed of common ma llow , M alva sylvestr is.

T he sitting down when school was o’

er

U pon the thr esholdof the door ,P i ck i ng fr om mal lows. spor t to please ,

T he cr umpled seedwe calleda cheese.

"

Clar e.

CH EG , CH E GGL E ,to gnaw o r champ a r esisting substance .

B r ockett.

CH E M M E R L Y , CH AM BE R LYE , u r ine bottled ti ll it fermen t s ,and then used for clean sing clothes .

148 NORTH UMBE RLAND WORD S .

CH EP , a fam il ia r name fo r a man . W or cheps mean s oura ssocia tes . “ Them cheps i s nee u se , said in po i n t ing to somefeckless fellows .

M e nyem is Bi l ly O l iver , i’ Benwell toon aw dwel l ,

An aw’

s a clever chep, aw’

s shu r e , tho’

aw de say’dmesel

'

,

S ic an a clever chepam aw,

”&c. , &c.

B i lly Ol iver’

s R amble.

Allan’

s Col lection , p . 79 .

T he ma ister was a cann ie chep,

They ca’

dhim Jacky Car ter .

R . Gi lchr ist , Voyage to Lunnin , 1 824

CH EPSTER , the star ling .— B r ockett.

CH E S F IT , a cheese vat the vessel in which the cu r d i s placedto be pr essed in to cheese .

CH ESS , to cha se. In a col l ier y aft er the wind ing engine hasbeen standing for some t ime , the cages a r e r un up anddownthe Shaft t o see tha t a l l is r ight befo r e men a r e a llowed to getin to the cage .

” Thi s is to chase or chess the r opes — Gr eenwell .

CH E S S E L L , or CH E S SW E L L , a cheese p r ess — B r ockett,

3 rded. S ee CH E S F I’

I‘

.

CH ESTED , coffined. H e wi ll ha ve to be chestedto -n ight .

CHESTER , a Roman camp . Th i s is always p r onouncedchester , never caster or cester , in Nor thumber land . As may be

expected , in the land of the Roman Wa ll, it i s of fr equen t

occu r r ence ,andabout twen ty-six p lace-names may be coun ted

in No r thumber land wh ich end in chester , or a r e comb ined wi thit . In No r ther n England we find Tadcaster , Doncaster ,Lancaster . In the M idlands and South -West it is a soft e,as Leicester , Wor cester , Gloucester . El sewher e the c has

become ch , and we find Winchester , Ch ichester , Chesterfield— the ch being sounded as in M anchester and in ou r

Nor thumber land chester s.

“ T he Roman s held B r i tain for

n ea r ly fou r hund r ed yea r s . They left beh ind them on ly S ix

wor ds— Castr o , a camp ; S tr ata , a pa ved r oad ; Colonia ,a

set tlemen t ; F ossa , a t r ench ; Por tus, a ha r bou r ; and Valium,

a r ampa r t . T he t r ea tmen t of the La tin wor d Castr o in th i si sland has been both S ingula r and s ign ifican t ; and i t has

a lways taken the colou r ing of the loca l i ty in to whose soil i tst r uck r oot . I t is wor thy of n otice tha t ther e a r e in Scot landno wo r ds ending in caster . Though the Roman s had campsin Scot land , they do not seem to have been so impor tan t asto become the cen t r es of town s . (P r of. M eiklejohn ,

E ng lish

L anguage, 1 886 , p . W hen we findou r selves in a land ,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

150 NORTH U M BERLAN D W ORD S .

CH IM LEY , GH UM LA , ch imney . Chimley-cr uck , the pot -hook

hung in the ch imney . Chimley-neuk , the ch imney cor ner .

Chimley-piece , the man tel -shelf. Gen e r a l .

Losh ’

s b ig chimley at W a lker .

“ Changes on the TyneBards of the Tyne, p . 2 1 5 .

CH INE , a cha in . [S .] In fa r m wo r k , lang chines ar e ploughcha in s ; Shor t chines

”a r e t r ace cha in s ;

“ shoother chines

ar e the cha in s for yoking to the car t shafts . T he sma ll

bubbles r i sing fr om an otter as he d ives acr oss the bottom of

the wa ter a r e cal led his chine.

T he chep W1 the chine.

James Hor sley , A R ide on the S wing B r idge.

CH INK , money.N OO when aw cum ti th ink , aw

’

d better spendmaw chmk

E d. Cor van , The Comet, 1 858 .— A l lan

’

s Col lection , p 73 .

CH IN N E L , CHANNEL ,g r a vel .

CH IN N E L , to sepa r ate the dust or sma llest coal s fr om la r ge rones .

CH IN N E L Y , sma ll , as gr avel or coa l sepa r a ted fr om the dust ,or dead sma ll . “ Chinley coa ls a r e n ei ther r ound (la r ge) norsma l l , bu t such as wi ll pa ss ove r the skr een and among thebest coa ls .”— Gr eenwell . Chinnely clay is clay wi th adm i x tu r eo f gr avel . Chinnely sand i s sand W i th gr a v el . T he st r eamn ear Ba r don M i l l is ca lled “ Chineley bu r n . Compa r eTR IND LE

,T R IN I L I E S .

CH IP , to b r eak or cr ack ; sa id of an egg when the young bi r db r eaks the shell .— B r ockett.

CH IP , a ter m used by sa lmon fisher s , who say tha t a fishchips, when i t cuts the su r face of the wa ter wi thout leap ing .

CH IRM , to chi r p ; appl ied especia l ly to the melancholy unde rtone of a bi r d p r e v ious to a sto rm .

— B r ockett. “ A charm of

bi r ds S ee CH OR M .

I cherme as byrdes do whan they make a noyse a g r eat nombertogyther .

-Pa lsg r ave , Ha l l iwell'

s B u t.“ W ha t var iety of char acter , as wel l as var iety of emotion , may be

distingu ished by the p r actisedear in a‘cha rm of b i rds .

— C . Kingsley,

Pr ose Idylls, A Charm of B i rds,”zuded.

,1 874 , p 1 3 .

CH I SEL , CH IZZEL , a common qua li ty of mea l fr om oat s .A caad chisel cr owdy.” T he coar se offa l fr om flou r , known

as boxings , used for feed ing p igs .

NORTH UMB E R LAN D WORD S .

CH I SEL , the cutting face of a d r il l , or bor ing r od.

CH I ST , a chest , a va r ian t of hist.T wo olde chystes.

—W i l l , in R . W el ford’

s H istory of Newcastle i n theX VI . Centu ry , p 320.

CH ITTER , to cha t ter . M e teeth wis chitter in wi’

the caad.

CH ITTER-CH ATTER , cha t , p r a t tle ; a lso the act ion of the

teeth when cha tter ing wi th cold .

CH ITTERS , par t of the in test ines of a goose , used in makinga giblet pie .

CH IVES , the sma l l on ion s , A l lium schoenop r asum,found on the

Roman W a l l in No r thumbe r land . T he chives a t Wa lltown ,

&c. , ar e descr ibed a s“ Na ti ve , Loca l type .

” —Bake r, F lor a

of N or thnmber landandD ur ham.

“ In the cr evices of the wh in r ock chives g r ow abu ndan tly T he

gener a l opin ion is that we ar e indebted for those plan ts to the R oman s ,who wer e much addicted to the u se of these and ki ndr ed savou r yvegetables .

— D r B r uce , Handbook to R oman Wa ll , 1 884 . p . 1 7 1 .

CH OCK , packed , cr ammed , blocked . Choch up again’

d.

Choch-full .

CH OCK , to block ; to choke , as in the ph r a se , “ T he spoot wischochedup wi ’ cla r t s .”

CH OCK , a p iece of wood for stopp ing waggons at the top of a

bank . (M ining Glossary , N ewcastle Terms, A lso a

squa r e pi lla r for suppor ting the r oof of a pit , bui l t up of shor tlengths of wood .

CH OCK -AN D -BLOCK , t ightly fi lled up .

CH OKE-DAM P , ca l led a lso after -damp and surfeit, the r esul tof explosion of fi r e -damp in a m ine the dead ly ca r bon ic acidgas . German dampf ,

“any th ick smoke , m i st , or vapou r

,

especia l ly when it i s of sulphur eous n a tur e .

”— Adelungquoted byWedgwood , D iet. of E ng . E tymology.

CH OKE -DEALS (for chock-deals) , deals fi tted closely togetherso as to be caulked , i f necessar y , i n sinking .

W e lay choak-dea ls (as we cal l them) , which is dea ls pu t in as fast,or a l l a long , as we dig the sandor ear th .

”— J . C . , Compleat Col l i er , 1 708 ,

p . 2 1 .

CH OLLER , a double ch in a lso the loose flesh under a tu r keycock ’ s neck— .a cock ’

s wa t tles .— B r ochett.

1 52 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CH OP , to make a sudden r et r ogr ade movemen t . “ T he windchopped r ound to the nor

’

r a r d.

” “ T he fox chops back and

doubles l ike a har e . (James A rmst r ong , Wanny Blossoms,p .

“ W e ha ve two L abour er s at a t ime at the handleof the bor e Rod , and they chop , or pounce .

”

(J . C ., Compleat

Cellier,

1 708 , p .

“ H a ve good st r ong wooden P lugsr eady made , wh ilst bor eing , to chop In to the Bo r e -holeimmed i a tely. (The same, p . I t a lso mean s to put out ,to con fuse . N ow , th i s has chap ’

t me by my text . (jocoS er ious D iscour se, Newca stle ,

1 686 , p . H ence a chop is a

m ischance .

“ S i r a fter thi s ther e did befaw Another chop,

was wa r st of aw (The same, p .

CH OP -BACK ,in m in ing , an excava t ion d r i ven the r ever se

way.

CH OPS , the chaps or mouth .

For hay bu t seldom b lest the ir chops (the donkey’

s far e being

gener ally— T . W i lson , T he Oel i n

’

o’

D icky’

s Wig , 1 826

T o findou t the nyem , now each wor r ied his chops — b i t h is l ipsR . G i lch r i st , The S kipper

'

s Er udi ti on , 1 824 .

CH OR CH , chu r ch . T he mor e fr equen t for m on Tyn eside ,wher e ki r k i s now seldom hear d . T he ha r d It fo r ch i s hea r din hist, a chest ; hai r n (kir n ) , a chu r n ; and in the fin a l soundof such wo r ds as thoh, tha tch ; scr at o r scar t, scr a tch ; muckle,much ; snah, sn a tch ; stich, st i tch ; bi r h, b i r ch , &c. Compa r eK I RK and following wo r ds .

N ow we’ve a chor eh te mendthe bad,

Andhelp them up to H eeven

T . W i lson ,The Otl i n

’

o'

c hy’

s W ig , 1 826

CH ORK , sa tur ated or soaked with wa ter - N or thumber land.

H all iwell’

s D iet.

GH ORM , to cr oon , to war ble .

Chormzng some bee-a-baa -sang

J . P . R obson , Lament, 1 870

CH OR M , a ch i r p , cha tter , as of bir ds . S ee CH I RM , CH URM .

S weet is the b r ea th of mor n , her r ising sweet ,W ith cha rm of ear l iest b i rds.

Pa r adi se Lost, iv 64 1 .

CH O R N E L S , sma l l har d swel l ings in the glands of the neck in

young per son s , ca l led wa x ing chi r nels.— B r ockett —Chi r ncll .

CH ORT , to squi r t wi th the teeth . B r ocket t gi ves chi r t.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 54. NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

of sa l t ar e enclosed . Th is i s handed to the fi r st pe r son met

wi th on lea v ing the house . I f the in fan t be a gi r l it is luckyto gi ve i t to a man ; i f a boy, to give it to a woman , bu t it

must be given to the fi r st per son met wi th .

S he deck’

du s for chu r ch on the Chr zstning day ,

Cu t the b r ead-and-cheese mean t to be stow’

dIn the fi r st lucky pocket she met on her wayT o the chu r ch fr om thei r humb le abode

T . W i lson , The Vi llage HowdyB r ocket t says— unde r Chi ld

’

s ~ fi r st- v i si t T he fi r st t ime

an in fan t visi t s a neighbou r or r ela t ion , i t is p r esen ted w ithth r ee things— a sma l l quan t i ty of sa l t , b r ead , andan egg .

”

CH UCK , br ead . A slang or colloqu ia l wor d .

CH UCK ,a j ol ly fellow .

W e foundmony a hear ty chuck.

T . W i lson , The Oi l in’

o' D icky

’

s Wig , 1 826 .

CH UCK , to th r ow away .

Aw’s g r ievedat hear t , push r ound the can ,

Then empty fr a wor hands we’

ll chuck i t

R . G i lch r ist, 1 844 .B oldA r ch ie andB l i ndWi l lie's Lament

CH UCK ,the Shel l of the land andof the sea

‘sna i l . T he game

of “chucks an ma r vels is played wi th five of these shel ls

and a mar ble ; sometimes wi th five sma ll mutton bones , orwi th five sma ll stones . T he ma r b le is th r own up anda l lowedto stot ” ( r ebound) and is caught in its second fa ll ; betweeneach “

stot the player p icks up one of the chucks at a t ime t i l lthe five a r e in hand ; then two and one ,

then th r ee andone ,

and so on , t i l l a t the la st th r ow the whole five a r e ad r oi tlycaught at a sweep . T he game is ca lled chucks andhandiesin South Shields . Compa r e COCKS andH EN S .

CH UCKERS , DOUBLE CH U CKERS , pot ion s of a r den tspi r i t s . Ter ms wel l kn own [in B r ockett

’

s t ime] amongN or ther n toper s . D ouble-chucker s

,a bumper which r equ i r es

two chucks, or gulps . —B r ockett, 3 rd ed.

CH UCKLE -H EED , a stupid per son . Wha t a r e ye deein ,

ye gr ee t chuckle-heed, said to a clumsy wor kman by his

ma ster . S ee CU CKL E -H EED .

T he lubbar t wi’

the chuckle-heed.

R . Emer y, d. 187 1 , The Owl .

CH UCKY-OOT , look out .C lawdy, tee , might chucky-oot,H e

'

s jaws he’

d su r ely pla ister .

J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, Homl ich , Pr ince of Denton.

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 1 55

CH URM , to exp r ess p lea su r e or sa t isfaction by a humm ingsound pecu lia r to quad r upeds and bi r ds . A ch i r p or b i r dnote , the coo of the dove . S ee C H OR M andCH I RM .

T he chu rm 0'

the tu r tledove is hu r d 1 wor countr y-side .

— J . P .

R obson , d. 1 870, S ong 0’

S olomon , Nor thumber land ver s ion , chap . i i . ,v . 1 2 .

CH URN -SUPPER , ha r vest supper . S ee KERN - S UPPER .

CINDER BAS IN . When a woman has lost her r eckon ingi t is sti ll not: uncommon to hear tha t “

she has lost a C inder .

Th i s ph r a se r efer s to a cinder put in to a ba sin a t sta ted t imesto mar k a da te . T he coun t ing of the cinder s should agr eewi th the r eckon ing .

I r emember a h ind’

s wife (I am speaking of sixty year s ago) , whowas bor n and b r ed i n R othbu r y For est , whe r e old super sti tions and

cu stoms l i nger ed long , andwho , in the i nter va l between her confinemen t

and b e i ng“chu r ched,

”wou ld no t go ou t of he r hou se W i thou t fi r st

pu tt i ng a cinder on the l in tel of the door fr ame .

”— Letter , M iddleton H .

Dandto wr i ter , Ap r i l 27th , 1 889

CINDER COAL , coa l dep r i ved of i ts bitumen by the act ion of

a wh in dyke or sl ip — Gr eenwell .

CIRSE , or SES , a ci r cula r sieve fo r st r ain ing butter m i lk.

S car ce, to si ft .

CLAA a claw . Cloo , cloat, to claw ,to scr a tch .

“ Claa me , claa

thee — you scr a tch my back andI’l l scr a tch you r s ; o r you do

a good tu r n for me and I wi l l r etu r n the comp l imen t .

CLACK , the low va l ve of a pump . I t s u se is to suppor t thecolumn of wa ter when the bucket is descend ing — Glossaryof Coal T r oa

’

e Terms , 1 849 . In the column of pipes in a pit ,th r ou gh wh ich wa ter is pumped , tha t sect ion con ta in ing theva l ve is ca lled the clack-p iece . T he face on wh ich the va lvecloses is the clock-sea t . T he clock-door is the p la te bol ted overthe aper tu r e wh ich gi ves acces s to the clock.

CLAES, clothes

Nyen can say we a r e i’

debt ,O r want for owther claes or scr an .

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , pt . i v 80.

CLAG , to st ick , to make to adhe r e .

.“ Aa gets them aa clogged tog i ther agyen wi

’

cobbler’

s waax .— H i s

Other E ye, 1 880 , p . 7 .

T he pu tter cloggedhis lowe on behind ( the tr am) andp r oceeded — M r .

John R owel l , ar ticle S oom,

”Newcastle Weekly Chr onicle, Apr i l 14th , 1 888 .

1 56 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CLAG -CANDY , candy , so called on accoun t of its sticky, or

claggy natur e. U sed to descr ibe someth ing sweet , a s :Thou ’

s a‘

clagcanded, ma bonny hinny ,

Thou ’s dou ble japanded, ma canny bai r n .

S ong , Up the R aw.

”

Bel l ’s R hymes, 1 8 1 2 , p . 298

CL AGGE R , a pa lpable h it , as wi th a soft m i ssile tha t st r ikesand sticks (clogs) ; a r epa r tee tha t effectua lly shuts up an

opponen t . Tha t ’s a clogger , noo ! A lso a cleaver , made of

a ci r cula r piece of lea ther , with a thong th r ough the cen t r e ,a boy ’ s toy ; softened in wa ter , and p r essed by the foot on a

stone , it wil l adher e to and l i ft the stone by the a tmospher icp r essur e .

CLAGGUM , toffy made wi th t r eacle and a l i t tle knead ing.F r om its st icky con sistency , i t clogs.

I f money’s shor t , I

’

l l take

R abb i t skins for claggumW . S tephenson , d. 1836 , The I ti ner ant Confecti oner .

CLAGGY , of an adher en t , viscid n atur e . T a r or t r eacle a r e

thus ca l led claggy substances .

CLAGGY -TOP , coa l adher ing to the r oof of a pit.A seam of coal i s said to have a claggv

-top when it adher es to the

r oof, and is with diffi cu l ty separ ated.— Gr eenwell .

CL AIP IN ,n oi sy , tale-tell ing .

CL AI R E D ,d i r ty , cover ed w i th mud . S ee G LARE .

CL AI R T S , or CLARTS , wool upon wh ich sheep’s d r opp ings

have ga ther ed and ha r dened , wh ich is saved and sold byshepher ds to be cleaned and r ender ed fi t for manufactu r e .

T he wor d i s qui te common among the Cheviot shepher ds,

andat Yetholm the clean ing of th is wool is a r egular t r ade .

CLAITH ,cloth .

CLAM damp and clammy , vi scous . Ye mun a i r the

shaa l it’

s qui te clam, said of a shawl tha t has got wet .

CLAM , a moveab le col lar ing for a pump , con si st ing of twop ieces of wood inden ted to r ecei ve the pump , and scr ewbolted together .

—Gloss. of Cool T r ade Terms, 1 849.

CLAM , an and- ir on . S ee CLAMPS .i i r on chimney W i th tongs , r akes , andclams.

— R . Wel ford, H istory ofNewcastle, X VI . Centu ry , p . 239 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

158 NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

CLAP , quickly ; to seat oneself hu r r iedly .

C lapt l i ttle Neddy on his knee .

T . W i lson , The Pi tman’

s Pay , 1826 , pt. i . , v. 86.Clapon the kettle , h inny.

H e clap’

don the jar vies i v a minu te .

I f a sl i oe’

s wan tedye ha r dly need stopIv a ji ffy they clap on a new

'

umT . W i lson , S tanzas on an I ntendedR oad, 1 825 .

C lap yor lug tiv a stob

J . P R obson , d. 1 870, Wonderfu l Tal lyg r ip.

Aa clapt mesel doon .

R . Emer y , d. 1 87 1 , Boggy Nanny.

CLAP , to cr ouch down as a par tr idge does . The co vey ’ sclapped, ye canna see them .

I f any per son come near the ca lves , they clap thei r heads close to the

g r ound.

”— James Ha l l,Gu ide to Glendale, 1 887 , p . 25

CLAP -BENNY , a r equest made to infan t s in the nu r se’ s a r msto clap thei r hands , as the on ly mean s they ha ve of e xp r essingthei r p r ayer s , or of Sign ifying the ir desir e of a blessing .

B r ockett.

CLAP -BOARD , a sma lle r s ize of Spli t oak , impor ted fr omnor th G ermany

, and used by cooper s for making ba r r el

sta ves ; in la ter t imes a lso fo r wa inscot ting .— D r . M u r r ay ,

N ew E ng . D iet. (Obs .)I tem pdfor clopbords, 23 . 8d —GatesheadChu r ch Books , 1 649 .

CL APP E R CL AVV, to bea t , to abuse .

H e clapper -claw'

d thei r jer kins soundlyG . S tuar t , 7 oco-S er zous D i scou r se, 1 686 , p . 7 1 .

CLAPPERS , the kind of r a t t le made of th r ee pieces of flat

wood , usually fa stened together by a thong . T he m iddlepiece i s about twice a s long as the other two and i s r educedat one end to for m a handle . I t i s used about a fa r m tofr ighten cr ows fr om the cor n and potatoes . Callan t gan

away to the cr aa s , and take yor clapper s wa yea .

”T he wo r d

i s also used as a s im i le for the tongue , as“ H ad yor clapper

tongu ef’

CLART , CL AI R T , to besmea r wi th mud ; to do anything in a

S loppy , sla t te r n ly way. Wha t a r e ye clor tin on wi’ ther e

CLARTS , mud , d ir t ; a lso appl ied to d i r ty wool . S ee CLAI R T S .

That hal l ion M cAdam the pavement up-tor e ,

And left i n i ts steadclar ts anddu st in ga lor e .

”

R G i lch r i st , 1 83 5 , S ong of Impr ovements.

W i ’ clar ts they shou ldbe pla ister‘

dweel

That jeer’

dBl indW i l l i e’

s

R . G i lch r ist, d. 1 844 , B lendWi l lie'

s S i ngin’

.

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 1 59

CLARTY,to d i r ty. Ye ’

l l clar ty the door step wi’

yor feet .

CLARTY,muddy

, bemudded , low,mean , as

“ H e’s a clar ty

body .

Other clar ty tr icks he play’

d.

G . S tu ar t , f oco-S er ious D i scour ses , 1868 , p . 47 .

I t a lso mean s foul when applied to the wea ther . A clar tyday. At M or peth , a few yea r s ago , on a ver y wet day, theold bel lman made his announcemen t as fol lows : Oh , yes !the sa le tha t was to take place a t one o’clock by M r . Stor eyis postponed on accoun t of the clor tiness of the weather .

I f i t be cla r ty , you’

r e su r e for to get

W eel pla ister’

dbyeth’h int audafo r e , man .

T . Char lton , Newcastle Impr ovements.

Ba rds of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 239

Clar ty fine mean s shabby gen teel , and “cla r ty finer y ,

tawd r y finer y .

CLASH , the sound made by a heavy clanking or cr a sh ing blow ,

as in the v iolen t shutt ing of a door or the let ting fa ll of tinwar e , &c.

“ S he set the tea t r ay doon wiv a clash. H e

banged the door tee wi ’ sic a clash.

CLASH , to st r ike , t o slam , to th r ow down violen tly or wi thcla t ter . H oo wis aa to pul l up , wiv a t r a in l ike tha t ah in tus

,when he j ust clashedthe d i stance sign a l i ’ me feyce as aa

wis passin’

t.”

(An Eng ine D r iver expostula ting .) At an

a ssize t r ia l in N ewcastle a wi tness deposed , H e clashed his

jaa an then clagged up his eye wi’

clar t s .”

Oh , lass , dinnet clash the door .— Joe W i lson , d. 1 875 .

CLASH , to gossip id ly ; l ight o r idle talk. Aa canna be

fash’

t wi’ tha t man ’s clash.

”

I came to have a l ittle clash

E d. Chicken , The Coll i er’

s Wedding , 1 7 35 .

CLATCH , a mess , l ps.

CLATT,to pu ll the loose woo l fr om about the udde r s of ewes

as a p r ecaut ion fr om being swa llowed by lambs when sucking .

CLATTER , a r a t t l ing noise loud ta t t ling ta lk.“ T he window

shutter cam doon wiv a clatter .

W e neednot wonder at the clatter , when ever y tongue wagsT .W i lson , Pi tman '

s Pay , 1 826 , pt. i . , v . 1 2 .

Aw’ve kuawu h im sit myest r oun

’

the clock,S wattl i ng an clatt

’

r ing on wi’ Char ley .

The same, pt . i . , v . 90.

1 60 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

CLAUGH T , snatched at— N or thumber lond.— H alliwell

’

s D iet.S ee CLAA .

CLAVER , to climb up . T he R ev . John H odgson suggest stha t the wor d comb in es the idea of “

cleaver ing or adher ing ,mi xed wi th the idea of cl imbing . In th is sen se it i s ver ysuggesti ve of the act of “

speelin’

a t r ee , or otherwi se at

once cl inging andcl imbing .

— H ill upon h il l r ises ever se hi gh .

U p whilk the poor an ima l s now dr ag thei r load,

For a’

the wa r ld l ike claver in up the sky.

T . W i lson , S tanzas on I ntendedR oad, 1 824 .

Then into the coach Geordy clover edwi’speed.

R . Emer y, d 187 1 , Newcastle Wonder s.

CLAVER , to gossip in a loud tone .

CLAVER , clover .—B r ockett.

CLAVERS loud idle talk.

Be dumb , ye leeing , yammer in’

hoonds !N or wi yor claver s fash u s.

”

W . Ol iver , d. 1848 , The Bonassus.

CLAVERS , goosegr ass , Gal ium apar ine.— B r ockett

, 3 rded.

CLAY, a pi tman

’s candlest ick , made of a piece of clay .

CL AYD OL L Y ,the woman wor ker in a b r ickfield, who ca r r ies

the b r ick fr om the moulder ’ s table t o the open field wher e i tis to be d r ied .

CLEAD , to cover , to clothe . S ee CL E E D .

CL E AK [N .] to sna tch . S ee CL I C K .

CLEAN, en t ir ely .

“ Aa wis clean done . H e wi s clean gyeniv a m in i t . Clean gyen i s a lso used a s a ma t ter of compa r i son .

“ I t is clean gyen wi’

d”— that is , super ior to some competing

ar ticle .

CLEAN, a pit is clean when fr ee fr om gas. A coa l seam is clean

when i t is fr ee fr om d i r t par tings .

CL E AN IN , the a fter -bi r th of an an ima l .

CL E AP ,to name or call . —B r ockett, 3 rded.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 62 NORTH U M BERLAN D W ORD S .

CL E E D IN , cloth ing , cover ing.

CLEEK , CL I CK , to sna tch . S ee CL I C KI cleekedyen of them by the arm.

'j‘oco S er ious D iscou r se, Newcastle ,1686 .

CLEEK,a cr ook to catch at anything . A ba r bed book used to

land salmon . (A“ gaff is a sa lmon hook wi thout a bar b .)

A snatch hook.

H e’

s made a eleek bu t anda cr eel

A cr eel bu t anda pin

Andhe’

s away to the chimley top,

Andhe’

s letten the bonny cler k in .

Oldsong , The Keach i'

the Cr eel .

CLEEK , to b r eed or ha tch . S ee CLECK .

CL E E T , the hoof of an ox or a sheep . S ee CLUTE , CLOOTY.

CLEG , a gadfly hence applied to a tedious , t ir esome ch i ld .

CLEG , a clever per son , an adept .— B r ockett. .r"Gleg .

CLEUGH , a del l , or cleft thr ough which water r un s .A gr ay stone in a clowghe syd under a plac called the Cr owkhyl .

Awarddated1 554 .— D r . Cha r lton , Nor th Tynedale, p . 66 .

T he one of them h ight Adam Bel ,T he other Clym o

’

the Cleugh ,

T he thyrdwas W i l l iam o f C loudeslee ,An a r cher goodynough .

Oldbal lad, pr inted 1 550.

A hope is the head of a vale , a cleugh is a sor t of diminutive hope,wher e the va le is nar r owed by opposi te cr aigs.

”— S . Ol iver , R ambles inNor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 87 , note.

CLEW , a ba ll of wor sted ; hence , pr obably , a globula r swel lingl ike a boi l . When a per son 18 r est less and uneasy i t is

common to say, H e’

s getten a clew.

CLEW , CLEWS , o r CLOOS E , the floodgate of a m il l da rn.

B r ockett, 3 rded. S ee CLOOR .

CL E YT , CL ITE , to wear uneven ly, to make one-s ided .

Your shoe’s cleyted. S ee ACL IT E .

CL IAR , CL I R E , a har d substance for med gener ally on the

l iver or lungs of an ima ls . Cli r cd,having a cl ir e, a danger ous

ob st r uct i on in an animal ’ s th r oat . S ee CLYR E .

CL ICK , a r en t , a tear . Leuk wha t a greet click thor ’s iv herfr ock .

”

NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 1 63

CL I CK , to sna tch , to ca tch up , to clutch . H e clicked it oot0

’ me hand .

”

They lower’

d the sai l , bu t i t aa waddent dee ,

S o he cl ickedup a coal , an’ ma ist fel led the Pee-dee .

W . A rms tr ong , 7enny H oolet, 1 833 .

Aa’

ve seen h im ,in th is muddledmess ,

C l i ck up his chalk andwooden bu ik.

”

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay, 1 827 , pt . i i v . 45 .

CL I FTY , sma r t , busy , i ndust r iously act ive . I t is now oftenerappl ied to a hor se , andmo r e pa r ticular ly to a mar e.

“ She ’ sa cl ifty ganner .

C lam up the shr ouds , andwr ought ban-spun ,

Andpr euv’

d themsels twa cl ifty men .

G . S tua r t , yoco-S er zous D iscour se, 1686 , p . 70.

Ther e ’

s ver y few can foot so n ice

As cl ifty W i l l Car sta i r s .

Genu ine TomWhittell , 1 81 5 .

CL IM , to climb . Post, clam ; p .por t clommen or elom. D r aytonuses th is for m in his Battai le of Ag incour t, p . 30. Cl immer i s toclamber .

T he waves to clemme,”ib. p . 5 .

— Hall iwell 5 D iet.

CL IM , the name Clemen t .

CL ING , to dr y up , to w i ther , to sh r i vel . In The P r icke ofConscience one of the symptoms of appr oaching dea th is

sta ted to be tha t the pa t ien t ’ s “ bely clynges. Edi tionM or r is, line 823 .

Pa l andclungen was his chek ,

H is skin was klungen to the bane .

M etr ica l Homi lies, p . 8 .

CL ING -CLANG , in confeder acy .

“ Tho r aal l cling-clong , like

the t inkle r s o ’ Yacomb .

” —Oldsaying .

CL INK , to hammer up so as to t ighten anyth ing , to clench .

CL INK R ING , an i r on r ing used in bui ld ing wooden sh ips .A bol t wi th a head i s pu t th r ough fi r st , then the r ing 15

sl ipped on the inside andclinched.

CL INKER , a fu r nace Slag , or the fused p r oducts of combustion on a sm ith ’ s hear th , or in an engine fu r nace .

CL INKER , a clever per son , an adept .

1 64 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CL INKER-BU ILT , having the edge of each plank or layerover lapp ing , not butt ing , the n ext t o it. T he wooden steamtug boa t s on the Tyn e a r e clinker -bui lt, each st r ake o ver lappingthe one below i t . In H odgson ’ s N or thumber land, i i i ., 2 , p . 76 ,ther e is a descr ipt ion of the di scover y. at the Roman sta t ion ,

Wh i tley Ca stle , of a lar ge dung-h ill . “ I t abounds w i th oldshoes , all made r ight and left— those of men , clinker -bu ilt.

CL INT , a cliff of r ock. In N or thumber land , gener a l ly appl iedto r iver cliffs .— H ugh M i ller , Geology of Otter bur n andE ldsdon.

Geolog ical S ur vey M emoi r .

CL IP , to clamp , t o hold fast . To shear sheep .

CL IPPERS , a sp r ing hook used in sinking , by wh ich the bowof the co r f is hung on to the r ope.

CL IPPE T ,a la r ge hook fa stened to the end of a st ick , and

used in sea fish ing to haul the fish in to the boa t , or out of thevessel ’ s hold when d ischar ging car go ; the fish a r e hookedth r ough the g ills when lifted by the clippet.

CL IPS , weeding tongs ; la r ge l i fting hooks used in hoistingt imber , made like a pai r of tongs , w ith hooked ends , wh ich“ seize as the weight of the log bears .

T he pot-hooks , or bow, by wh ich a pot or pan is suspended over a

fi r e .— Br ockett, 3 rded.

S hear s , scissor s— Nor thumber land.— Hall iwell 's D iet.

CL I PSE , eclipse.“ The meun

’

s i’ the cl ipse.

CL I SH -CLASH , CL I SH -M A-CLAVER , CL ICK-CLACK ,

CL ITTER -CLATTER , var ious ter ms for' idle , gossiping

talkI clytter , I make a noyse as har nesse or peu ter dysshes , or any suche

lyke thynges .— Palsg r ave , quoted in Hall iwell

’

s c t. under Gl i tter -clatter .

CL IVES , CL IVAS , CL IVUS , a stick ou t wi th a fo r k or

hooked b r anch at one end, l ike a ver y long walking st ick.

I t is used by woodmen to hook on to a tree so as to d i r ect i tsfa l l if i t should appea r to lean a side .

“ H ad on choppin ,

m i ster , t i l l aa cu t a cl ivus. Said by a woodman at Temper leyG r ange , M a r ch , 1 890.

CL IVVE R , CL IVVOR , clever . Well , in good health . Hooa r e ye the day, ladP

”M an , aa

’

s clivver .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

166 NORTH UM BERLAN D W O RD S .

CLOGGER , a clog shoemaker . In Newca stle ther e was

for mer ly , a t the Head of the S ide , a“ Clogger

’

s En t r y .

Th i s, l ike the “ Baker

’ s En t r y ,” “ F laxdr esser

’

s Ya r d ,Butcher Bank , and such other p laces , p r obably ind ica ted

the specia l t r ade car r ied on in the loca l i ty .

CLO INT E R , disor der . S ee C LUNTER .

CLO IT , a clown , a stup id fellow .—B r ockett. Clot i s the mor e

common for m in Newca stle “ Get oot , ye g r eet clot, ye .

”

CL OOD , a cloud . Cloody , cloudy .

CLOOR , a slu ice— N or thumber land.— H all iwell

’

s D iet. T he wo r dwas used by a witnes s in an a ssize t r ial a t Newca stle , J uly ,1 890. H e pul led doon the cloor .

” Compa r e CLEW , 2 .

Gloor , slu ice , &c. , dial . form of clow.

D r . M u r r ay, N ew E ng . D iet.

CLOOT,t o clout , to pa tch wi th cloth , or to mend anyth ing

wi th a pa tch , a s Cloot the t in pan .

Ods heft maw pi t claes— dis thou hear ?

A r e war se o’

wear

M ind, cloot them weel when aw'

s away.

J S hield, Bob Cr anky’

s Adieu .

To st r ike as Aa’

l l cloot yor jaw .

S he‘

cloots the b i ts 0’ba i r ns aboot ,

An packs them off ti sku i l .

T . \Vi lson ,The Washing D ay , 1 843 .

In The P itman’

s Pay , pt . i i . , v . 56 , the l i t t le t r apper boy tellswoefully

Fu l l mony a cu r se andcloutAw gat for s leepin at the door

CLOOT , a cloth , a r ag . Aa’

ll pin a d ish -cloot te yor ta il , saysan i r a te cook to an in t r uder in to the ki tchen . A cheese-cloot

is the cloth used in cheese making .

CLOOT-DOLLY , a dol l made of cloth .

CL OOTY-H AT ,a bonne t for field wor k, made of cloth .

CL OOTY , the devi l ; tha t i s , the clo ven -footed one. S ee

GLEET , CLUTE .

They cou ld, aw think , compar e'

t W I nowse

Bu t C lootie'

s gang a’

b r ocken lowse .

T . W i lson , Opening of the Newcastle andCar l i sle R a i lway ,

1838 .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 1 67

CLOSE, a small enclosu r e , as a close of land ,

”a ca lf close.

S ee GARTH . A nar r ow st r eet closed up for defence , as the

Close at Newcastle , wh ich was defended by the Close Ga teandthe Castle .

For mer ly sever al of the pr incipal Ba r ons of Nor thumber land and

people of Newcastle had houses i n i t , a lso the antient M ayor s.

"

Hodgson M S .

CLOSE -BE D , a panelled bedstead , or bunk , w i th s lid ingdoor s . These close, o r

“ box -beds wer e sometimes h iddenbeh ind wha t appea r ed to be the panelled s ide of a r oom . Nobe tte r descr ipt ion of thei r un san i ta r y condi t ion could be giventhan close-bed.

CLOSER , a fi r ebr ick 9 inches long by 2 1} inches squar e ;somet imes ca lled a soap ,

”fr om its r esemblance to a ba r of

soap .

CLOT , a clod , a sod . H e hi t him W iv a clot. A hea vy ,stup id fel low . S ee CLO IT .

CLOTCH , an unga inly per son wi th awkwa r d gai t .

CLOT CH Y , clumsy . Eh , bu t yor a clotchy

CLOT-HEED , a blockhead .

CLOUD -BERRY , the g r ound mulbe r r y , R ubies chamwmor ns, L inn.

I t is a lso ca lled , h oops, knot-ber ry , andknout-ber ry.

Abundant on Cheviot , &c. I t is sa id to have been gather ed on

S imonside and the Deadwa ter Fel l , at the head of Nor th T yneda leN ew Flor a of Nor thumber land andDur ham— Natur a l H i story T r ansacti ons ,vol . i i 1 867 , p . 1 58.

CLOU GH Y , a woman d r essed in a tawd r y manner .- Gr ose.

CLOUR , a sma l l lump or swell ing , a d imple o r inden ta t ionlike the hollow made in a p iece of tin by the blow of a

hammer . In m in ing , a clou r is a“ sma ll depr ession of r oof

i

éi to coa l , mostly in a post r oof.”— Gr eenwell . S ee CLYR E andL IAR.

CLOUR , to st r ike so a s to d in t the head .

“ H e gat a clour ed

heed — a b r oken head .

CLOUTER , CLOW T E R , to wo r k in car eless or d isor der lymanner , to per form d ir ty wor k.

CLOUTERLY , clumsily , awkward ly.

1 68 NORTH UM BERLAN D WORD S .

CLOUT-NA I LS , na ils made wi th ver y la r ge , flat heads .

CLUBBY-SH AW , a youthful game p layed by two par t ieswi th a globula r p iece of wood , anda st ick cur ved a t one end

to corr espond wi th the ba lk— Gloss. to P itman’

s Pay , 1843 .

T he famou s feats done in thei r you th ,

At bowl ing , bal l , andclubby-shaw.

T . W i lson , Pitman’

s Pay , 1 826 , pt . i . , v . 1 1 .

CLUBSTER , CL U BTAIL , a stoat .

CL U CKW E E D , CL U CKE NW E E D , o r CU KE NWOR T ,

ch ickweed , S tellar io media .

CLUB -NUT , two nuts gr own in to each other . Compar eCLUTTERS . Two n uts gr own together thus a r e ca lled a

“ St . John . Th r ee nuts s imi la r ly in ter gr own a r e ca l led a

St . M a r y . T he la t ter , being r a r e , is much p r ized , and

when found is usual ly wor n in fr on t of the finder’

s cap o r

hat. S ee J U D -N UT .

CLUFF , a cuff, a blow.“ A cluj

"o ’

the lug . To cuff. Aa’

l l

clufi'

yor jaw for ye .

”

CL U F F , to str ike in to standing co r n wi th the s ickle . T he ter mwas used to di st inguish fr om the dr awing mot ion necessar y i nusing the old ser r a ted “ hook

,wh ich was fo r mer ly in gener al

u se fo r r eaping . T he “ hook wa s super seded by the smoothedged and b r oad bladed sickle , wi th wh ich the r eaper clufi

'

ed

the cor n .

CLUM , CLAM (p.t. of cl im) , to cl imb .

CLUMPER , to encumber , to pack close . I t ’ s sa ir clumper t.

CLUM PY , CLUM P I SH , lumpy , lumpish , unwieldly.

CLUNG , closed up , or stopped . Spoken of hen s when theylay not ; it is usua l ly sa id of anyth ing tha t is sh r i velled or

sh r unk up ; fr om cling .

”— R oy’

s Gloss. , 1 69 1 . S ee CL IN G .

I f thou speak fa lse ,U pon the next tr ee thou shalt hang al iveT i l l famine cl i ng thee .

”

M acbeth , v . 5 .

CL U NGY , adhesive — B r ockett, 3 rded .

CLUNK , to h iccup .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 70 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

COAL AND CANDLE L IGH T , the long- tailed duck , H a r elda

g lacialis, L . Ca lled a lso yenny F oster .

COAL -ENGROSSERS , an old ter m for the vendor s of coalon the Tyne . (Obs .)

Hoastmen , ca lled in Eng l ish coa le-eng r osser s.— Gar diner , Eng land

’

s

Gr ievance D zscov p . 55 , ed. 1 796 .

COAL -H ILL , a landsa le pit (which) used alway s to be termedthe Coal -hil l .— Ra ine , N or th D u r ham, p . 25 2 . Colehi ll at O r de .

COAL -H OOD , the r eed bun t ing called a lso the black bun t ing ,Cinchr amus schoeniclus, L inn.

COAL ING -M ONBY.

1 mu st take my leave of this subject of sinking , after you have beenplea sed to give you r sinker s (becau se i t is cu stomar y) , the labour e r swhom I have employed for you , a iece or gu inea , to dr ink the goodsuccess of the coll ier y, which i s cal ed thei r cool i ng money .

”— J . C . , The

Complea t Col l ier , 1 708 , p . 3 1 .

COAL -PIPES , ver y th in , i r r egu la r layer s , or scar es , of coa l .

T he smal l veins of coa l , cal ledby the miner s coal-pipes.— M acken zie ,

H i st. of Nor thumber land, 13 25 , vol i . , p . 85

Coal -p ipy,str eaked wi th th in ca r bonaceous layer s , as coal -p i

'

pypost .”

COAL S AY , COL E S AY , the coal -fish . I t is a ls o ca l led podl iewhen young , andpodler , sa ith, o r scath when somewha t lar ger ;a lso black jack and often r ock salmon by the fi shermen , as i t

bea r s a st r ong r esemblance in fo rm to the salmon . S ee SO I L ,H ALLAN , andP OODLER .

S oi l is the name bywh ich the fr y is known they appear at S hields abou tJune . I n a shor t time they incr ease to abou t five inches in length , when

they a r e ca l led ha l lan . By S eptember they incr ease to abou t a foot in

length , and a r e then ca l ledpoodlcr s.

”— R ambles in Nor thumber landandonthe S cotti sh Border , by S tephen O l iver , the Younger (W

’

. A . Chatto) , 1835 ,p . 23 .

COAL SH ALE , sha le of a h ighly bi tumenou s kind . S ee J E T ,

andcompar e M ETAL .

COAL TIT , or COLE TIT , the b lackcap . S ee a lso B LACKPOW -H EED .

COALY , an old term used when the coa l t r ade was spoken of.

Pu shed aw’

dCooly fr ev h is sea t ,And r u ined al l .

T . W ilson , D i rge on Death of Coa ly, 1838.

N ORTH U M BERLAND W O R D S . 1 7 1

COALY, abound ing in coa l appl ied a lso to any bedappr oach ing

to the n a tur e of, or m ixed wi th , coa l or coa ly ma t ter .

“ Dar k coaly thi l l . — Bor mgs andS inkings , A B p 2 3 .

W or awdcoa ly Tyne ,doon fr ae S tel la to S h iels .

T . W i lson , S tanzas. 1824R iver s a r ise whether thou be the son

O f u tmost TweedO r coa ly T i ne , or ancient hal lowedD ee.

”

M i lton , A .D . 1 62 7 .

COALY-S H ANG I E , or CULLY-SH ANGEY , a r iot orup r oa r .

COAS H . A m i lk -ma id says , “'Coash-coosh, h inney !”or

“ Coash

coash, my lady !” to soothe and make the cow stand du r ing

m ilking . To cows or ca tt le gene r a ll y it is a ca l l to u r gethem to come on qu ickly .

COATS, o r COTE , comb ined in place -n ames , a s Cul ler coats,

and i n e ight other p laces in Nor thumber land . Anglo -Saxoncote

,a hu t — J . V . G r ego r y , A r che olog ia E l ia iza

, vol . ix . , p . 43 .

T he Duke of N or thumber land’

s cot tage a llotmen t s a r e ca l ledkwot-lands .

COB , a thick , amo r phous cake or loaf of b r ead . I t was usual lymade fr om the la st p iece of dough . (Obs.)

COB , a b low fr om a ba ll . In the game of “ stand -a ll the

loser s get thei r cobs.

COB , a ter m in footbal l , app lied to a kick of the ball when heldin the hand .

COB , to pull the ha i r or ea r , to st r ike , to thump . They gotthei r lugs p r ope r ly cobbed.

”

COBB IN , st r iking , thumping ; a pun ishmen t among ch ild r enandwo r kmen .

— B r ockett. S ee COG .

COBBLE , a sma ll boulder , such as is used in pa v ing sidewa lks .T o cobble with stones, to thr ow stones at anything

— Gr ose.

COBBLER ’S -WAAK , a pecul ia r kind of dance pe r fo rmed bysi tting down on the “ bunker s

”and closing the legs at the

knee . I t is ver y d iffi cult , and fr om i ts gr otesque appea r anceis somet imes ca lled the cr ab-waak.

COBBLE -TREES , double swingle- t r ees , whippens , or splin terbar s — B r ockett, 3 rded.

1 72 NORTHUMBERLAN D W ORD S.

COBB ’S CAUSEY , or CAAS E Y , a b r anch fr om the RomanWa tl ing St r eet , at B ewclay, which leads a thwa r t Nor thumber land towa r ds Berwick . Cobb is a j otun to whose wor kt r adi tion a t tr ibutes the making of th is Cyclopean way. I tpasses n ear the fo l lowing places : Rya l , Anger ton , H a r tbur n ,

Nether wi tton , B r inkbu r n , over R imside M oor , nea r H ighLea r chi ld , G lan ton , Per cy

’ s C r oss , Fowber r y, Bowsdon and

West Ord, then cr osses the Tweed about a m i le to the nor thof the la t ter place.

COBBY , b r i sk , hear ty , in good spi r i ts .T he Banker s now can spor t a smi le ,Andlu i k byeth cr ouse andcobby

N ay,they

’ve been kuawu , ju st for a wh i le ,T o ha

’

e been even gobby.

"

T .W i lson , Capta ins andthe Quayside.

COBLE , COBBLE , the nor th -east coa st fishing -boa t , an openor deckless cr aft . F akene thei r cobblez. (M S . M or teA r thar e,fo . 6 1 , quoted in H all iwell .) Cobalt in 1 372 . (R ecords of F a r neI slands.) P r onounced cowble in the nor th of N or thumber land ,and cobble in the south of the same . T he cable is bui l t wi th aver y deep cutwa ter ; but towar ds the ster n , wh ich is squar e ,it is made wi th a widen ing fla t bot tom . I t is thus a boa twi thout a “ keel ,

”bu t the flat bot tom has two bilge clogs ,

cal led a ski r va l .” Under can va s the l ines of the boa t makeher a splend id sa iler , her deep bow holds the wa ter , andhersha l lowing after -qua r ter s al low the fu r r ow that fol lows fastto close without impeding the “way.

” As the after -par t dr awson ly a few inches , the r udder is ca r r ied down much belowthe level of the bottom . These peculia r ities necessi ta te thecoble to be towed ster n for emost , or , when landed , to be in l ikemanner t ur ned ster n to the beach , andat the same t ime ther udder has to be un sh ipped . T he boa t s thus r equi r e r apidand clever handling , not on ly in wor king them under thei rs ingle mast , wi th its squa r e sail andjib , bu t in manoeuvringthem on app r oach to shor e.

COBLE -GATE , the r ight of sa lmon fishing for a coble . Asmuch as can be fished by one coble . S ee G ATE , 3 .

CO ’

BY ! or CO ’

BY , NOO come by ; tha t is , come out of theway. I t ha s been r ema r ked tha t nea r ly a l l sim i la r exclama t ion sa r e gi ven in tone of command by a Nor thumb r ian . Ther e isno

“ By you r leave”

; and the poor er the speaker the mor eper empto r y his or der to stand aside .

COCK , a thrust , a push . G i’

s a cock up , w ill ye S ee COG .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 74. NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

COCKL ING , cheer ful .

A cockl ing per son .— B r ockett.

COCKM AD E N D Y , a self-impor tan t dand iacal body.

COCK OF T H E NORTH , a facetious name for Newca stle.

T he ch ief town of those par ts .— 7 oco-S er ious Discour se between a

Nor thumber landGentleman and hi s Tenant, by Geor ge S tuar t, Newcastle ,1 686 .

T he w in ter immigr an t bi r d , the snowflake (Plectr ophar sesnivalis) , is called Cock of the N or th, snow bunting , and over -sea

linnet.

COCK -PE N NY , a per qui si te of the schoolmaster at Sh r ovetide .

Th i s used to be the season for th r owing a t cocks , when a

yea r ly cock-fight was pa r t of the annua l r out ine of severa l ofou r nor ther n fr ee- schools .— B r ockett.

COCKS -AND -HEN S , the stem of r ibwor t p lan ta in , P lantago

lanceolata , used by ch i ld r en to play at fighting cocks. Cocks

and-hens, the water aven s , Geum r ivale. A lso the name g ivento the shel ls of the lar ge land sna il ; those of a gr ey colou ra r e called hens, the other s ar e ca lled cocks. When empt iedof the sna i ls , boys fight the “

chucks ” by squeezing themtoge ther un t i l one br eaks the other . After a successfulencoun ter a cock chuck ”

is sa id to be one yea r aad,”and

i f he r ema in s unb r oken after a second “ ba t t le ,” “ two year

aad”

; and so on ,a yea r being added each t ime . H ens a r e

con s ider ed too soft for fight ing , anda r e not con sider ed wor thp icking up . S ee a lso RATTAN -TA I L S .

COCKS -KAM ES , the ear ly o r ch i s , Or chismascnla , andthe ma r shor ch i s

, O. latifol ia . T he ea r ly or ch is i s va r iously ca l led cocks

kames and deed man’

s thumb, and the ma r sh or ch is has the

sever a l ti tles of cocks-kames , de’

i l’

s foot, deedmen’

sfinger s, AdamandE ve, Cain andAbel .

COCKTA IL,wa r m a le and r um , wi th ginger . Th i s word

p r obably mean s cocked a le , which came to be w r i t ten as a

single wo r d , cocktai l . To be cocked i s to be t ipsy , and a

man half d r unk is somet imes sa id to be ha lf cocked. Theseexp r essions may a ll possibly belong to the same r oot .

At iver y yel l hoose i’th i s toon

W e hada cockta i l pot.

J . P . R obson ,

“ The Pi tman ’

s Happy Times.

A llan’

s Collection , p . 227 .

COCK -WOB , COCK -VVE B , a cob-web .

NORTH U MBERLAND W ORD S . 1 75

COD , a per son who has cha r ge of a set of men at any pa r t icular

job , bu t who i s himself under a for eman . T he wor d is muchused among mechan ics — H odgson M S .

COD, a p il low . A codis a lso the pi llow or bea r ing of an axle

andthe counter poise on the bot tom -boar d of a smi th ’s bellows .A pin -cush ion i s called a pin -cod.

I tem— I g ive— my bed, that is to know , a feather bed, a bolster , two

codds— b lankets , two cover lets , two sheets.

”— W i l l in R ichardWelford’

s

H ist. of Newe. , XVI . Cent. , p . 207 .

L ay my cods a l i ttle higher .

E d. Chicken , The Coll ier’

s Wedding , 1735 .

COD,t o p r act ise decei t , to pr etend . H e mu n be coddin ye

tha t is , he must be deluding you .

“W he ar e ye coddin ?

is a common inqu i r y when one is telling an imp r obablestor y ; it mean s , Whom a r e you t r ying to deceive ? ”

COD -END, the bot tom of a t r awl net.

“ T he cod-end, that is to say, the bottom of the net .— Newcastle D a i ly

Leader , October 4th , 1 890, p 4 , col . 6 , foot .

COD JYBE L L , the ear wig . Called a lso twitchbell and for kytoi l .

COFE , a deep pit , cavern , or cave — B r ockett, 3 rded. Compa r eG OAF.

COFFIN , a cinder which has flown fr om the fir e . If shapedl ike a coffin , i t i s om inous of dea th . On the other hand , ifl ike a pu r se , it omen s weal th .

COFFIN -KIST a hear se .

U nseetly cajin-kists.

T . W i lson , Captains andthe Quayside.

COFT , bought— N or thumber land.—H alliwell

’

s D iet. Past tense and

par t. of eof , to buy. Scott i sh .

COG , to th r ust , or st r ike on the backside .

“ G i’

s a cog up ,will ye ? The same as cock.

COG , COGGY , a hooped wooden vessel . A cask sawn in

half makes two cogs'

. A ch i ld ’s por r inger made of woodis called a coggy ; it is often made to r esemble a m in ia tu r em ilk-pail . A d r inking vessel is a lso a cog , or coggy.

Long may he l ive to teem a Cag .

D r . Char lton , Nor th Tynedale, p . 96 .

1 76 NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S .

The mean ing her e i s , long may he l ive to empty a cog , or

dr inking vessel .

COG -AND -RUNG -G IN , a pit W indlass wor ked by hor ses .T he hor se t r a vel led r oun d the pit mouth pul ling a leverat tached to a ver t ica l shaft , and the cogs , or teeth , of a

ho r izon ta l wheel on th i s shaft , wor ked in the r ungs , or

Spokes , of a sma l l p in ion on the W ind la ss , or d r um shaft , thusmaking it to r evolve in the r equi r ed di r ect ion . I t was theear l iest for m of hor se engine , or g in , for r a i sing coal s and

wa ter .— R . L . Ga lloway , H ist. of Coal M ining , 1 882 , p . 57 .

S ee G IN .

COGGLE , to t r emble , to totte r , as anyth ing does when like tofa ll . “ T he waa l myest coggledower on top 0

’ them .

” Hence

cogg ly , or cogg lety , cr anky , un steady .

“ The p lank wis S e

coggly’at aa nea r ly tummeledoff .

”

COIL , to wh ip , to th r ash .

COIN S , COIGNS , a st r eet cor ner .

T he coins foot gather ing of men andboys . T he coins or coignees pointto its posi tion as a place wher e nea r ly a ll thor oughfar es conver ge .

”

R . For ster , H ist. of Cor br idge, 1 881 , p . 57 .

COL , a r oad scr aper . I t is a flat p iece of i r on pla te , l ike a

hoe , set at r ight angles t o a shaft or handle. S ee H ARLE .

COL , to scr ape together w ith a col .

COLD -FIRE , a fi r eplace filled wi th paper , sticks , and fuelr eady for l ight ing.

COLD -LORD , a boi led pudding made of oa tmeal and suet .One mixed w i th suet and some t r eacle and suga r loses thecold name .

— H odgson M S .

COLE , to put in to shape , to hollow out .— B r ockett.

COLE H EAD , or COLE T IT , the cole t itmouse , Por us ater .

Cal led a lso black-coa l -heed.

COLLAR-LANDER , a r eceptacle fixed on top of the del iver yp ipe of a pump to r eceive the wa ter befor e its deliver y in tothe condui t . H ogger ” is mor e common ly the ter m used forth i s ar r angemen t .

COLLAR SH ANK , a r Ope to fasten wor k hor ses up in the

stable .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 78 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

COLLOP,a sl ice of sa lted mea t , a r a sher of bacon . Col lop

M onday i s the day befor e Sh r ove Tuesday , on wh ich i t i susua l to ha ve eggs and col lops , or pieces of bacon for d inne r .

On Col lop M onday i t was former ly customar y to take leave of

flesh for the Len ten fast en suing . T he flesh mea t wasancien tly pr eser ved th r ough the win ter by sa lt ing , d r ying ,and hanging up . S ee M AI R T . S l ices of this kind of mea ta r e a t th i s day ca l led collops in the No r th , wher eas they a r enamed steaks when ou t fr om fr esh mea t , as un sa l ted flesh isusua lly styled her e ; a kind of food wh ich ou r ancesto r s seemto have seldom ta sted in the depth of win ter . (B r and

’sPop. Antiqu ities , 1 777 , p . T he following r hyme gi vesan old accoun t of the t r an sition t o Len t and the emer genceon the gr eat festi va l .

Col lop M onday, Pancake Tuesday,

Ash W ednesday,Bloody Thu r sday,

Long Fr iday’

11 never be done ,

H ey for S aturday at after noon .

S — for S unday a t twelve o'

clock ,

W hen the spice pudding jumps ou t of the pot .

COLLY , the black or smut fr om coa l ; called in the Nor ther ncoun t ies collow o r ki llow.

— VVa ll is , H istory of N or thumber land,

p . 46 . To blacken or make black ; fr om the substan tive .

Br ief as the l ightn ing in the col ly’

dn ight,That in a Spleen u nfolds the heaven andear th .

M idsummer N ight’

s D r eam, act i so. 1 .

Andpassion ,hav ing my best j udgmen t col l ied,

Assays to leadthe way.

Othel lo, act i . , so. 3— Nar e's Gloss.

COL -RAKE , a sma ll hand - r ake for the fi r e side ; not coal - r ake.

S ee COL .

COLT-ALE , an al lowance of a le cla imed as a per quisi te bythe blacksm i th on the fi r st shoeing of a hor se . H ence , a

customa r y en ter ta inmen t given by a per son on en ter ingin to a n ew offi ce is cal led shoeing the colt.

”T he fi r st t ime

a gen t leman ser ves on the G r and Ju r y he is called a colt.

B r ockett. S ee COUT ALE .

COM , came . U sed in stead of the mor e fr equen t com.

com in afor e me S ee CAM .

Aw com on a voyage te the toon t’

other day, man .— D . C S kipper

’

s

Voyage.”— Ba rds of the Tyne, p . 5 24 .

COM B . Seven place -n ames in No r thumber land have th isending ; examples , Acomb, Ba r combe, &c. In some of thesecases comb appear s to be a cor r upt ion of ham. Acomb isancien tly Akehom ; W incomblee

,W inkhamlee, &c. Compar e

KA I M .

NORTH UMBERLAND W O RDS . 1 79

COM ’D, CU M

’D , the p . por t. of come. Cummen is sti ll in or dinar y

u se , however H e’

d oney common in a m in i t a fo r e aa ga t

ther e mesel .They

’

ll think thoo’

s comdfr a Lunnon , Ol l

'

r eckenton H i r ingA l lan

'

s Col lection , p . 292 .

COM E , the fo r ewa r d slope of a hoe or a spade . A spade or

shovel too much ben t inwar ds is said to have too much come.

Compa r e ANCHOR .

COM E -AN’-GAN , an exp r ession implying good sto r e of

anyth ing , or r esou r ces . “ Thor ’s plen ty to come-an’-

gan on ,

meaning ther e is so much that you can cu t and come aga in,

o r tha t you can r etu r n aga in and aga in . I t is by inver sionappl ied to bodi ly or financia l cond it ion , as Poor body , hemay we

’

ll be deun he hes nowt te come-ou’-

gan on .

COM ELY . M a comely is a common exp r ession , equiva len tto my dar ling

,or my dea r .

M aa g r anny l iked sp ice singin hinn ies ,M a comely ! aw l ike thou as weel .

”

W . M idford, P i tman ’

s Cour tship, 1 8 18

N00, hinny— maw comely— aw hope ye bel ieve

That we W ish to be clean ly an’

canny.

J . P R obson , Nanny achsah’

s Letter .

B ar 5 of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 237

CO M E -TH EE -WAYS ; COM E -TH EE -WAYS , H INNY,

common exp r essions , mean ing come fo rwar d ; gener a l lyspoken to per son s in gr ea t kindness — B r ockett. Go yourways ,

”a mode of dism i ssa l . Both ph r a ses a r e in Shaks ~

pea r e.— H alliwell

’

s D iet.

COM FORTABLE , the r owing boa t fo r mer ly used for passenger son the Tyne . H aving a r oof, i t was a gr ea t imp r o vemen ton the older open pa ssenger boa t , hence the name . (Obs .)

W e’ve comfor tables, tee , isteed,

O ’ Jemmy Joneson’

s whu r r y .

”

T : W i lson ,Capta ins andthe Q uayside.

Befor e steamboats became so numer ou s upon the Tyne , ther e wer esever a l cover ed passenger boats , cal led comfor tables , wh i ch wen t ever ytide to andfr om S ou th andNor th S hields .

" —M acken z ie , H i st of Newe1 827 , p . 7 22 .

COM IN ’-ON , in va r iably used in stead of saying I t ’ s r a in ing .

I t ’ s comin ’-ou .

”

COM M ONY , a boy’s ma r ble made of baked clay the common

ma r ble . I t is somet imes cal led a muggy , as di st ingui shedfr

l

om a“ potty ,

”the la t ter being made of a fine qual i ty of

c ay.

1 80 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

COM M OT H E R , a godmother . T he te rm was a lso used inadd r essing an aged woman . (Obs.)

I n thei r commun ica tion deponen t askedher and sa id, Commother , i fi t sha l l please God to take you to H is mer cy,

’

&c — R . W el for d,H i st of

Newe. X VI . Cent p . 379.

CON,t o fi ll ip.

— B r ockett. (Obs .)

CON E E K -M AN , an I r i sh labou r er fr om Connaught .

CON S AN T , con stan t .

CON S AT E , conce i t a sel f Op in ion . H e hes consate on hi ssel ,as th ink ,

noo .

”Consate

’

s as badas pu zzon .

”

CONSC IENCE , an exclama t ion .

“ M a conscience ! what a heedhe hes .

CONS IDERATION , money pa id to the hewer s for badcoa l ,o r for any ext r a t r ouble — M ining Gloss. , N ewcastle Terms, 1 852 .

CON S IT H E R , to con sider .

CONT R AI R Y the oldp r onuncia t ion , in gene r al use .

S l ipper s thr u st upon contr ar y feet ! -S hakspeor e.

CON T R AR IU S , per ver se , g i ven to con t r ad ict ion . H e’

s a

var r y contr ar ius chep .

” “ Yo’r the contr or iest bai r n

’

at ivver aa

seed .

”T he wo r d i s of ver y fr equen t u se .

Yh it has the wor ld, als men sese andher es ,M a [ny] other contr a r i us maner es .

H ampole, ed. M or r is , l ine

T he wor ldes Goddes emmy by skil le (natu r e) ,That contr ar ius es to C oddes wi lle

The same, l ine

CONVOY , a lever to wh ich is a t tached a clog fo r the wheel ofa coal waggon the oldname for a

“ br eak . (Obs .)A per son sits on the for e par t of the waggon , with h is foot upon a

str ong piece of woodcalled the convoy , and that moves on a pivot , wh i ch ,

r ubbing on one of the Wheels , he can incr ease or dimin ish the velocity at

pleasu r e — An Impar tial Hi story of Newcastle, 1 801 , p . 498 .

COO, a cow. An akwardth ing for the coo. T he p r onuncia t ion

of the dipthong , n ow sounded in mode r n col loqu ia l Engl ishas the on in now

,is in Nor thumber land a ma r ked peculia r i ty.

Coonci l , counci l , coun sel ; coont, to coun t ; coonier , a coun ter ;coontless, coun tless . In Anglo -Saxon hii , thu,

nu,ci i , br u, si i r ,

ar e the fo rms of how,thou

, now, cow, b r ow , sour , a l l of them

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 82 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

COOM , the dust and scr ap ings of wood p r oduced in saw ing ;the sca les of i r on found lying near a smi th ’s anvi l . —B r ockett.

COO -PAA , the left hand . H e ga ve us his coo-poo the begga rknaas ne bet ter . Coo-poodi s left -handed .

COO -PLAT , a heap , or pla t , of cow’s dung.

COOR , to cr ouch down . S ee COUR .

COOR S E,coa r se . I t i s appl ied to r ough wea ther . I t ’ s a

coor se neet .”

COO -SH ARE , COO -SH AREN , cow’ s dung.

COO -S T R OPPL E, a cow t ie ; a l so “

a cowslip ; that is, cow’

s

thr opple, or th r oa t— looking deeper than the cow ’s l ip.

”

B r ockett, under cow-str opple. (Obs.)A cowstr ople in the month of Janua r y, 1 63 2 , was consider edsu fficiently

cu r ious to be pr esentedas a N ewYea r '

s gi ft .-S ee Chr on . M i r ab p . 2 1 .

Ha l l iwell'

s D iet.

COOTER , a coul ter or ploughshar e .

COOTH , lov ing , kind ly , a s ,“ She ’

s a cooth b it la ssie. A lsocomfor tab le .

“ H oo a r e ye thi day? ” Oh , aa

’

s cooth.

Compa r e COUTH ER, CO U T H I E LY .

COO -TIE , a hai r r ope fo r hobb l ing a cow when being m ilked .

COP , to ca tch , “ H e copt a bu tter flee . R un a fter him an’

cop’

im .

” A lways used in the sense of s iezing andcor r ect ing .

Compa r e K E P . Copper , a pol i ceman .

COPPER -TOFT , r edhai r ed .

COP -S TYE N , a cop ing stone .

COPT , o ver -topped,exceeded.

“ T ha tcopt li im — tha t e xceededhis power .

COPT , caught .

COPY-CH R I STY , Co r pus-Ch r ist i . Copy -Chr isty day. S ee

R ichar d We lfor d ’ s H istory of N ewcastle for pa r t icu la r s of playsenacted by Inco r por a ted Compan ies i n N ewcastle on Co r pu sCh r i st i day,

“a fter the la udable andancien t custom of the

same town .

” Co r pus Ch r isti day, M ay 29 ,1 567 . F or

pain t ing Beelzebub ’ s cloak , 4d.

”

(Obs .)

NORTH U MB ERLAN D WORD S . 1 83

CORE -S T YE N , a cu r b stone . S ee a lso 5 1 03 , andG L E NT S T ON E .

CORBY-CRAA, the ca r r ion cr ow, Cor vus cor one, L . G r eat-cor by ,

the r a ven , Cor vus cor ax ,L . Both these bi r ds a r e now ext r emely

ra re in Nor thumber land .

In the latter pa r t of the last centur y a r aven annually bu i l t its nest in

the steeple of S t. Nicholas ’ Chu r ch , Newcastle — John Hancock , B i rdsof Nor thumber landandDu r ham, p . 32 .

CORF, a ba sket made of pined hazel r ods . I t con ta ined fr om

ten to th i r ty pecks . Cor ves wer e for mer ly used to b r ing coa lsout of the pi ts .

A corf of hayr e —a basket of ha ir for l ime — D . Embleton , Ba r ber

S urgeon’

s Books, Newcastle.

Come , hinny , Bar ty ,len

’

s a hand

On wi’ ma corf .

"

T . W i lson , Pi tman '

s Pay , pt 11 v 3 3 .

CORF -BOVV, the hand le of a cor f. (Obs .)

Young plan ts of oak , ash , or al ler , of abou t thr ee inches thick , o r

better , for the corf—bow.— The Compleat Coll ier , 1 708 .

T he corf -bow is abou t two yards long . I t is sometimes made of i r on .

Br and, H i st. of Newcastle, vol . ij 1 789. p 68 1 , note.

CORF -RODS , the st r ong hazel r ods used for mak ing co r ves .

CORKER , a sma r t r eto r t ; somet imes ca lled a“sett ler

tha t is , an un an swe r able r eply .

“ Tha t ’ s a cor ker for him .

Bi lly P u r vi s used to say,

“ T yek him away ti R a lphy Li tt le :

he ’l l gi ve him a cor ker .

”R a lphy, a noted police -officer , wou ld

set t le his bus iness for him .

CORKY , soft th r ough e xposu r e , as wood tha t has suffer edth r ough lying too long with the bar k on . S ee DAZED .

CORL , to cu r lAW now began te cor l maw ha i r

(Fo r cor ls and ta i ls wer e then the go)T . W i lson , P i tman

'

s Pay ,1 843 ed pt . i i i

COR LYCU E , a flou r ish in w r it ing— a twi sted or cur ly ta il .

CORLY-DODD IES , the field scabious , S cabiosa ar vensis.

CORN , to feed w ith cor n . I S the ho r ses cor nedyit ?

1 84. NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CORNAGE , o r ca stle -guar d r en t of the Nor th of England ,was or igina lly a paymen t in l ieu of cat t le , and ca lled inEngl i sh hor ngeldandneotgeld, ca tt le tax , or ox lay.

— H odgson ,

N or thumber land,i i i . , 2 , p . 3 22 . (Obs.)

I t may either mean S imply a C r own r en t (Cor onog ium) , o r a r ent

payab le in ho r ned cattle (Cor nuagium) .— A r cha olog ia E lmi ra , vol i . , newse r ies , p . 44

CORN -BARR I ES, r edor wh i te cu r r an t s .

CORN -BUNTING , the common bun t ing , M i liar ia E u r opea .

CORNEY , in l iquo r . (Obs.)Yen day when aw was cor ney

T . Thompson , d. 1 8 1 6 , yennuy yoneson’

s Wher ry .

CORNEY , p r ol ific ; applied to co r n when the ea r s a r e wellfi lled . Compa r e G I FT Y.

O R N E Y —D O L L , K E R N -D O L L , K E R N -B AB B Y ,

o r M ELL -DOLL . These var i an t for ms r epr esen t the n ame

of the figur e bor ne home for mer ly on the la st load of cor nfr om the ha r vest field . T he cor ney

-doll was an image madeby dr essing up a sheaf of co r n to appea r l ike a r ude humanfigu r e , wh ich was moun ted on the top of the la st ca r t -loadtaken fr om the field. S ee KERN andKE RN -DOLL .

CORP,a cor pse . H e was b r owt hyem a corp .

A corp they’

r e gaun te ba r r y.

”

T . W i lson , Capta ins andthe Q uayside.

CORP -CANDLE , a th ick cand le placed in a candlestick of

a pecul ia r fo r m— used forme r ly a t “ lake-wakes .”— B r ockett.

(Obs .)

CORPORATION , the stomach .

“ ‘ H e has a good corpor a tion ,

’

when appl ied to an indiv idua l , meansthat he is not deficien t in accommodation for the enter ta inment of hisv iscer a .

— Hodgson M S .

CORRAN -DU M PL IN , the gr ea t ha i r y wi l low-her b , E pilobiunihi r sutum. Ca lled in N . Nor thumber land apple-dumpl ins.

CO R R AN S ,CORN S

,cu r r an ts . Reed cor r

’

n bar r ies , r ed

cu r r an t s .Ah , h inn ies ! abou t u s the lasses didlowp ,Th ick as cur ns in a sp ice sing ing b i nn i e

T . Thompson , Canny Newcastle.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 86 NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

COTS,in fe r io r sheep skins , in wh ich the wool is tangled . S ee

COT ,2 .

COTTER , a woman wor ker on a fa r m without male r elat ion sin the house wi th her in the same employmen t .

COTTERED , appl ied to stone or coa l , ha r d , cr oss -gr ained ,tough — Gr eenwell ,

COT T E R IL , a check or spl it pin put thr ough a slot in theendof a bolt to hold i t on the in side .

COTT E R IL S , money , coin .

W hen War k’

s flu sh , for time 0’ want

L ay by some cottr i ls i’

the b lether .

”

T . W i lson , Pi tman '

s Pay , 1 829 , pt i i i v . 59 .

T he loss 0’

the cotter i ls aw dinna r ega i rdT . Thompson , d. 1 8 16 ,

Canny Newcastle.

COUCH , the hole or ea r th of the otter . Also ca lled the hold.

COU H ,to cough . T he gh sound is tha t of a heavy guttur a l

b r ea th ing , qui te un l ike the moder n p r onuncia t ion of kof .

Compa r e R O U H ,for r ough .

COUL,COWL , to scr ape together dung , mud , di r t , &c. To

smooth the su r face of what i s ga ther ed— B r ockett.

COUL -RAKE , COWL -RAKE , the in st r umen t wi th wh ichcool ing i s pe r formed— B r ockett. H e adds

,Th i s ter m i s a lso

used for a fi r e- ir on ,in wh ich sen se it is mo r e p r ope r ly a coal

r ake . B ut see COL , wh ich is appa r en tly a var ian t of coo landqu i te d ist inct fr om coal .

COULTERNEB ,the pu ffin , F r ater cu la ar tica , L .

COU NGE , to beat— N or thumber land.—H all iwell

’

s D iet.

COU NGE , a la r ge lump of b r ead o r cheese .

B r ing h im (poor fel la ) a shive oh bu tter an b r eed . cu t him a goodcounge an str enkle a leap

’

yt ov sugar ont .— Thomas Bewick , TheHowdy ,

&c. , ed. 1 850, p . 10.

COUNTRY -KEEPER . So la tely a s the yea r 1 701 , the pol i ceof T inda le and R eedsda le was ma in ta ined by officer s ca lledcountry

-keeper s, who , for a ce r ta in sum,

“ insu r ed thei r own

dist r icts aga inst theft and r obbe r y , and in case of thei r takingplace ,

made good the loss .”— M ackenzie , H ist. of N or thumberland, 1 825 , vol . i . , p . 66 .

NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORDS . 1 87

C O U N T RY - S I D E , the d ist r ict , as d ist ingu ished fr om a

par t icula r spot . She ’ s the best mea r , aa tel l ye , iv aa the

country-side — tha t is , for m iles ar ound .

COUP,to upset , to ba r te r to exchange cavi ls . S ee COW P .

COUPLES , the r oof p r incipa ls ancien tly couples of chevr ons.

COUR (pr on . coor , or coo-er ) , to bend or stoop down .

doon , or ye’

l l get bi t ten .

”

They cour e so over the coles , theyr eyes be b lear edwi th smoke .

Gammer Gu r ton , in Na r e’

s Gloss. , u nder cou r b.

V i r tue i tsel f of v ice mu st pardon beg ,Yea cour b andwoo , for leave to do i t good.

Hamlet, act i i i . , so 4 .

COURSE , in coal min ing , i s the d ir ection in wh ich the m ine isw r ought . T he br oadways cour se is the d i r ection in which theboa r ds ar e wr ought— the headways cour se is the d i r ect ion at

r ight angles — B r ockett, 3 rded.

COU R S IN T H E AIR,

“causing the a i r to cir culate thr ough

ever y passage of the se ver a l wor kings of a pi t. Th i s wasdev ised about 1 760 by M r . S pedding , of Wh i tehaven .

”

T . John Taylo r , A r cheology of the Cool T r ade, p . 202 .

T he system W as fi r st adoptedon the Tyne at W alker Col l i er y abou t— R . L . Galloway, H i story of the Cool T r ade, 1 882 , pp 106 -

7 .

COU R TAIN , a ya r d belong ing to fa rm bu ild ings for enclosingca t tle , somet imes ca l led the “ fad

”

(fold) . I t wi l l be r emember ed tha t ca t t le folds on the B o r der wer e gen e r a l ly a r r angedfo r pur poses of defence ; the app l ica t ion , the r efor e , of a termin for t ifica t ion to a ca t tle fold seems n atu r a l . S ee CO R T AIN E .

COUT , GOWT , a col t . W etli er , cowt, an’

s teer . amesA rmst r ong , Wanny Blossoms, 1 879 , p . A lso a man of

st r ength , sta tu r e , and act i v i ty . T he wor d , wh ich oughtr ather to be spel led cowt, i s under stood in th i s sen se in then eighbour hood of Kei lder , a s we ll a s on the Opposi te Scott ishBor der .

”

(Richa r dson , Table Book L eg . D i v. , vol . ij. , p .

T he Coat of K ei lder is r ep r esen ted by t r ad i tion to ha ve been a

powe r ful ch ief of thi s d i str ict . Cont— tha t is , col t . (S . O l iver ,R ambles in N or thumber land, 183 5 , p .

COUT -ALE , COW T -ALE , a l lowance to the blacksm i th,

when a young hor se is fi r st shod . S ee COLT -ALE .

COUTH ER , to comfor t . S ee COOTH .

1 88 NORTHUM BERLAN D W ORDS .

COU T H I E L Y ,plea san t ly , kindly , neighbour ly .

S ae couthiely then they cr iedon me ben .

James Armstr ong ,Wanny Blossoms , 1 879 , p . 1 34

COU TO R -LASH ER , an effect i ve check a blanking or

d i sappoin t ing st r oke , as in p laying a t r ump car d . Tha t ’ sa coator - lasher for ye , noo

COVE , a caver n , a ca ve — B r ockett.

COVER , the r oof of a coa l seam .— B r ockett, 3 rded. Al so “ the

st r a ta be tween the seam (of coal) and the sur face .

N ichol son , Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms, 1 888.

COW . Kow, or Cow, a loca l sp r i te . T he H edley Kow. S ee

Coo .

COW , to clip the ha i r , to t r im . (Obs .)I ga r r

’

da Bar ber come to me ,

H e Cow’

dmy Beardas you may see

G S tuar t , j’oeo-S er ious D iscour se, 1 686 .

CO’WAA , or CO

’WAY , come away , get out of the way. Ver ycommon ly used as a col loquia lism , and suggesting impa tienceandcon tempt when utter ed ab r uptly . Co-way ther e wi ’ye ,wha t a r e ye stann in

’ sta r in ’

for ?

COWANS , clotted wool on sheep .

COW -BAT , a blow gi ven by one boy to another to p r ovoke himto fight . “ Ther e ’s you r challenge , and ther e

’ s you r cow-bat.”

COW -BERRY , the r edwhor tle-ber r y , Vaccinium vitis-idwa, L .

COW -BLAKES , cow dung d r ied , used for fewel . —R ay’

s Gloss.Ca lled a lso casins. (Obs .)

COWEY , a ho r n less bea st . A coweet-cow is a hor n less cow.

Compar e Cow , to cl ip .

COVV-GAP , the t ime when cows ar e taken on or off for the

gr az ing sea son . (Obs.)S pent at the Cowgapp W ith the g r assmen , 7s 2d.

— GatesheadChu r chBooks , 1 672 .

Ever y fr eeman andbor ou ghman— pay a t the cowgapp for this pr esen tyea r for ever y par ticu lar cow 3s

—The some, 1 677 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

190 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

COVV-QUAKES , the common quake-gr a ss , B r iza media . Ca lleda l so dother i i i -dicks, tr eml in -

g r ass, guaki i i-

g r ass, and ladies’-hai r .

COWS , ba r e b r anches of wh in o r ling a fter thei r lea ves ar e

decayed or bu r n t off — H odgson M S Compa r e Cow , 2 .

COW T -FW OAL , a young ma le hor se whi lst sucking . T he

fema le of the same age is afil ly-fiooa l .

COX , an e xclama tion . T he oa th is now hea r d as Gock o r Gox .

Aw wadden t tyek the jaw fr e the l ikes o’

him , begock“ By

gox , wha t a fyce ye’ve getten Cock, says Nar es , is a vu lga r

co r r upt ion or pu r posed d i sgui se of the n ame of God. H ence ,

by cock, by cock andpye, and such softened oa ths .“ I

'

s cox’

t i f my words pr euve no tr ue .— } oco-S er ious D i scour se, N ew

castle ,1 686 , p . 26

By cock , they a r e to blame — Hamlet, act iv . , sc. 5 .

S hal low :“ By cock andpye, si r , you shal l not away to n ight.

Hen ry I V pt . i i . , act v . , sc. 1 .

COYSTR IL , a young fellow . [Ker sey andBa i ley ] P r oper lyan infer ior gr oom , o r a lademployed by an esqu ir e to ca r r ythe kn ights ’ a rms or other n ecessa r ies .— N ar e

’s Gloss. A r aw ,

inexper ienced‘

lad; a con tempt ible young fel low.— B r ockett.

COZY,a cover , l ike a th ickly -padded cap, placed over a teapot ,

as a non -conductor of hea t , to keep the tea hot on the table .

COZY,COZEY [W .

-T .] a causeway , a footpa th .

CRAA , CRAW , the sma ll lever used fo r d r awing the l inchpin fr om car t s . Ther e is a lso a

“shekkle cr azo

” used ford r awing bol ts fr om wood .

CRAA , CRAW , speech ; sometimes boa stful speech .

I t might suen stopp’

dme cr aa .

Geordy’

s Disaster .

A llan’

s Collection , 1 863 , p . 166 .

CRAA,CRAW , the r ook ,

Cor vus fr ug i leg us.“ Black as a cr aa .

H e lyuks l ike a sca r e-cr aa .

” When you see the cloods l ikecr aa -scr a t s an

’ fi llies ’ ta i ls , look oot for squalls”— often used

in descr ib ing a peculiar a spect of the sky.

NORTH U MBERLAN D W ORD S . 19 1

CRAA,CRAW

,a cock-cr ow , o r to cr ow l ike a cock .

“ A cock cr owing at a door is a sign o f a v isitor coming — R ev . J . F .

B igge , S uper sti ti ons at S tamfor dham —N at. H i st. Tr ans 1 860-62 , vol . vP 92

T he gor cock er atos cr ouse . A rmstr ong , Wanny B lossoms, 1 879 ,

P 69

A cr aazn’

hen anda wh istl in’ maiden

’

s twee unson sy things .—Newcastle

pr over b.

M ang cantr ips , charms , as hu r tfu’ ’een ,

And thing s un lucky to be seen ,

P lann’

dby au ld schemy clootie ,

A cr oon in’

cow, a cr awm’

hen ,

A whistl ing ma id, tu’

weel ye ken ,

A r e deemedaye un lucky.

C uddy hada cr awi n’

hen ,

Andmuckle did it g r ieve h im ;

F or what ane’twas amang h is ten

That didof l uck ber eave himH e ken t na

L . P r oudlock , 1 820, song , Cuddie andhis Cr awzn’

CRAA , CRAW , an outcr op or cr 0p of st r a ta . Cr aco coa lappear s in section s of s inkings a t Bannamoor pit , Egl ingham .

(Geor ge Ta te , in B zvks. N at. Club, vol . v . , p . I t ther eappea r s two feet in one sect ion andfour fee t th ick in an other .

T he cr ow-coal is a th in seam of coal wor ked in the S ou th Tyne ,

obtainedfr om g r ooves made in the cr ow, or cr opof the str a ta .— Hodgson ,

H i st of Nor thumber land, vol . i i i . , pt . i i p 3 3

T he cr ow-coal at M ickley Col l ier y is 2 feet 4 inches th ick . I t bu r ns

l ike a candle andwi l l bear a pol i sh equal to g lass. I t is highly bitumi nou s ,

r esembling cannel coal -Bor i ngs andS i nki ngs, L R p . 83 .

“ C r ow-seams , th in coa l seams of th r ee or fou r inches thick — Hugh

M i l ler , Geology of Otter bur n andE lsdon .— M emoi r Geolog ica l S ur vey, 1 887 .

CRAA -CROOK , the b lack cr owber r y , E mpetr um nig r um. Calledalso the cr ow-ber ry andcr ake-ber ry . Cr aa -cr ook is an adm i r ablexample of the manner in which the bur r i s spoken . I t ha sbeen descr ibed as sound ing to Souther n ea r s l ike the dy ingcr oak of an expi r ing r a ven .

Ever ywher e common on heaths , ascending fr om Pr estwick Car r to al lthe peaks , 850 yar ds on Cheviot .

—N at H i st. Tr ans vol i i . , new ser ies ,

9 244

CR AAD E N LY , cowa r d ly .

CR AAD ON , CR AW D ON , CR AD D IN , a cowar d . One boyr efusing to fight anothe r afte r a cha llenge wi ll hea r : Yo

’

r

a cr aze/don. A cr aadon cock ,

”a cowa r d ly cock . A ter m

used when cock-fighting was p r act ised . [N .] M r . Geor geThompson , in a n ote on th i s wor d , says “ he enqui r ed of a

Nor thumberland man i f he knew what a cr azvdon was .

”

192 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

Aa’

ve heerd it , r epl ied his infor man t . Aa once heerd a

man tell another he wis a‘cr azvclon hen . Wha t did he

mean by tha t ?“ Aa u nder steud him ti mean ’

a t he wis

l ike a hen’

a t t r ies te cr aa like a cock .

” A cr owing hen is

con sider ed a ver y un lucky th ing about a house , and it can byno mean s be perm i t ted to st r ut and fr et wi th impun i ty . S ee

CRAA , 4 .

CRAAL , to cr awl .

CRAA-NEBS , or LADY ’S -F INGERS , the plan t Anthyllis

vulner ar ia .

CRAA -PEAS , the peas of the meadow vetchling , L athyr uspr atensis.

CRAA -TAES , the common lotus , L otus cor niculatus. A lso calledcat

’

s clover .

CRAB , a capstan , for r a i sing or lower ing of pumps , &c. , in a

pumping pit — M ining Gloss. N ewcastle Terms, 1 852 . A l ift ingwinch .

CRAB -ROPE , the r ope used on a cr ab.

CRABBY ,cr abbed , testy . H e

’

s a cr abby aadchep .

T he cr abby awddealer s in l ing , cod, andb r ats

T . W i lson , The M ovement, 1 839 .

CRACK , to gossip , to b r ag , to boast .God'

s ben ison l ight on you r hear t,W e

’

l l cr ack a b it befor e we par t .joco-S er ious D i scour se, Newcastle , 1 686 , p . 9.

They laughedandcr ackedabou t the jokeW Armstr ong , (1 1 833

-

4 , S kipper’s M istake.

S ince the hor se-couping he began ,

H e had gr eat cau se to cr ack of wea lth .

Ber nardR umney, E cky’

s M ar e.

Bel l ’s R hymes , 1 8 1 2Ther e wi ll be S am the quack doctorOf skil l andpr ofession he ’

l l cr ack .

S ong , The S kipper’

s Wedding .

Bel l ’s R hymes , 18 1 2 .

I hada few days’ fish ing , bu t noth ing to cr ack on .

A rmstr ong , Wanny B lossoms, 1879 , p . 1 72 .

CRACK , l ight ta lk , con ver sa tion , boast ing .

B ucclughe and the r est of the S cottes made some b r agges andcr aches.

”— Letter of 1 595 in D r . Cha r lton ’

s Nor th Tyneda le, p . 72 .

H e ne’

er was slackT o give the company al l h is cr ack.

Thomas W i lson , Char ley

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

194.'NORTH U MB ERLAN D W ORD S .

CRA IG , the neck.

Twas sometime gane , they tu ik ou r naigs ,Andleft u s eke an empty Byr e

I wad the de l l hadhadthei r cr a igsAnda

’

things in a b leeze 0’

fi r e

The Fr ay o'

H autwessell .

Ane gat a twist o’

the cr az'

gS u r tees , Ba lladof F eather stonehaugh .

S ome wer e sae keen upon the point ,They danc

’

d thei r cr a igs qu ite ou t 0' jo int .

G S tuar t, joco—S er zous D iscour se, 1 686 .

H e sta ik‘

dh is cr a i'

gThe same, p 46

CRA IG , a cr ag . S ee unde r DODD .

“ A cr aig i s u sedboth to sign ify a cl iff and the p r ecipitous side of ah i l l — S . O liver , R ambles in Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 87 , note.

CRAIG -CLAITH , a cr ava t : (Obs.)Andsyne Idr ew th iscr a i

’

g-cla i thou t .

’ — 7oco-S er iousD iscour se,Newcastle ,

1 686 , p 1 5 .

CR AIT CH , to complain peevi shly and per sisten tly . Same as

CRAKE , 2 .

CRAKE [W .-T .] to gossip , t o boast . S ee CRACK .

M onny oh them keept cr akin oh the bayr n an tippin i ts cheeks .

Thomas Bewick , The Upgetting , ed. 1 850. p . 1 3 .

CRAKE , to wh imper , or pla in tively ask for a th ing over andover aga in . To her p for a th ing o r to yammer for

anyth ing have much the same mean ings as to cr ake. To cr oak .

Wha t a r e ye cr akin on ther e for — a -ah S ee CR AIT C H .

T he car r ion cr aws abou t them flyingW i l l keep a cr azkmg .

G S tuar t , 7oco-S er ious D i scour se, 1686 , p . 47 .

CRAKEBERRY or CROWBERRY , the ber r y-bear ing heath ,E mbetr ummg r um. S ee C R AAC R OOK.

CRAM E , a stall or stand on wh ich any kind of mer chandi se ,chiefly sweet -stuff or sma l lwa r es , i s exposed at coun t r y fai r sor h i r ings . T he cr ame is a j oin ted sta ll , easi ly taken to p iecesand r e-er ected .

O ff to a cr ame-standwi'

a dash ,

An’

boucht her sugar candyIn lumps that day.

The Fa i r , by Dav idWa lter Pu rdie , 1888

NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 195

CRAM E , to mend a vessel . Ch ina o r ea r thenwa r e i s cr amed

by hol ing andw i r ing it a t the b r oken edges . Wooden bowlsar e cr amed in the same way, or mor e effect i vely by d r ivingacr oss the fr actu r e a thin st r ip of i r on shaped l ike an S .

CRAM ER , a t inker or mender of br oken china , &c. (Obs .)S ee M UGGER .

CR AM L E Y , shaking , or“ dother ing , or weak in the legs.

H a llo , ther e ! Yo’

r va r r y cr omley i’the legs thi day — a

mor n ing salutat ion to one totter ing in his gai t .

CRAM P , to wedge o r jam up t ight ly.

CRAM PER , an astounding l ie .

CRAM PET , a hook a t tached to the ends of the back-band inthe gear of plough hor ses

,fr om wh ich the chain s can be

suspended . In pit language ,'

a br acket .

CR AM PL E , to cr ump le .

“ Aa say ! yor cr amplin maa goon .

CRAM P -RING , a r ing made out of the handles of decayedcoffin s , and supposed to be a cha r m aga inst the cr amp .

H ence the name . Fo rmer ly these r ings wer e con secr a ted bythe kings of England , who a ffected to cu r e the cr amp , as wel las the king ’ s evil .— B r ockett, 3 rd ed. In N ar es

’Gloss. their

supposed v i r tue in p r even ting the cr amp i s sa id to becon fer r ed by solemn con secr a t ion on G ood F r iday , amongthe ce r emon ies of tha t gr ea t day.

—B r and ’ s Popula r A ntiqu ities,

4to ed. , vol . i . , p . 1 28 . (Obs .)

CRANCH , CRUNCH (often spoken as scr anch or scr unch) , tog r ind wi th a cr ackling nor se between the teeth , a s i n ea t ing a

ha r d cr ust ; or to g r ind the teeth themselves .

“ Cr ane/n ag

yor teeth .

”

“ S and th r own on the floor is said to cr anch u nder the feet

Hodgson M S .

CRANE , the j unct ion between the b r anch r a i lways and the

hor se r oads in a pit. H er e they for mer ly used to hoist thecor ves of coal fr om the t r am to the r ol ley ; the coa ls being“ put ” to th i s spot by the ba r r ow-men fr om the wor kingp laces . F r om the cr ane they wer e d r awn by ho r ses to thesha ft . I t is now cal led a “ fla t

”or

“ sta tion .

“ We commenced ou r su r vey at the cr ane, gomg up west— R ober t

S cott, Venti lation of Coa l M i nes, p . 27 , 1 862 .

CR AN E BOAR D , a r etu r n a i r cour se in a pi t, connecteddi r ect ly wi th the fu r nace .

196 NORTH U MBERLAN D W ORD S .

CRANEM AN , the lad in the pit who hoi sted the cor ves of

coa ls on to the r ol leys wi th the cr ane — Gloss. of Coal T r adeTerms, I 849.

CRANK , ben t , shaky , as a mach ine out of r epa i r ; hencep r obably applied to a per son who is men tal ly w r ong or

eccen t r ic. S ee CRAN KY , 2 .

CRANK , to make a ha r sh noise , to cr eak.

T he door cr anks — B r ockett.

CRANKLE,weak, sha t ter ed— B r ockett .

CRANKS , a fires ide con t r ivance consi st ing of two or mo r er ows of i r on cr ooks set in a fr ame and used for toast ingb r ead . T he fr ame stands on its own feet befor e the fi r e.

Thi s uten si l is somet imes called “a br anks .

CRANKY , cr ank , tot ter ing . Appl ied to a per son , i t mean s onewhose m ind is off the balance— a fi ighty per son .

“ C r azyor cr anky.

”O r it mean s a per son weak andpoor ly anda lmost

tot ter ing thr ough i llness . “Aa’

s nobbut cr anky-l ike thi day.

CRANKY. checked , or of a z ig-zag pa t ter n , as

“a cr anky

neckcloth ,” “

a cr anky apr on . When the pa t ter n of a p ieceof cotton is made in ben t figures it is a cr anky a r ticle . S ee

C RANK,1 , ben t .

CRANKY . T he pi tman for mer ly was called Cr anky , or Bob

Cr anky . In his d r ess on a“gaady day tha t old-wor ld pit

man must have been imp r essive , for he saysA pat on my blue coat that shines se ,

M y jacket wi’ posies se fine see ,

M y sa r k sic sma ’

th r eed, man ,

M y pig-ta i l se g r eet , man ,

Od smash ! what a buck was Bob Cr anky.

Blue stockings, white clocks , and r eedgar ter s ,Yel low b r eeks , andmy shoon wi

’

lang quar ter s ,A

’

myedwou r ba i r ns cr y,E h ! sar ties ! n i n i l

W hen they saw the smar t , clever Bob Cr anky .

Bob Cr anky’

s’S z

‘

ze S unday , 1804 .

T he te r m cr anky given by outsider s to the pi tman was in latert imes r eplaced by Geordy.

”T he men who wen t fr om the

lower Tyneside to wor k at the p i ts in South T ynedale wer ealways ca lled Geor dies by the people ther e . Cr ankyp r obably comes fr om the checked pit flannel clothes mucha ffected , when new and un soi led , as a swagger costume.

“ H owky”is another name for a pi tman . S ee CRAN KY , 2 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

198 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

CR E E IN -TROW , a stone t r ough , for mer ly in gene r al u se as a

mo r ta r , in wh ich gr a in was cr eed, or pounded , t i ll i ts huskscame off. T he g r a in was then b01led wi th m ilk. S ee

KNOCK I N -TROW .

CREEL ,a k ind of basket of wicker wor k i n wh ich hay is taken

i n stormy wea ther t o Sheep on the moun tain s . I ts s ides a r est iff ; its bot tom supp le . Thi s is ca lled a sheep -cr eel . Ba sket sand p ins (pen s) for poult r y , and wicker uten s ils for va r iousother pu r poses a r e ca l led cr eels.

-H odgson M S . T he cr eel of a

Cu l ler coa ts fish -w ife is a ve r y fine example of basket -wo r k ,

fi tt1ng to the back , and showing a most gr aceful fo r m of

con st r uct ion th r oughout . In the days of toast s andsen t imen t sthe fol lowing r hyme was a common formula :

Heal th , weal th , mi lk an’ meal

Her e’

s tiv iver y thinkin ch iel

M ay the de'

el r ock h im weel iv a cr eel ,I f he disna wish aal l on u s weel .

"

CREEL , to pu t o r pack in a cr eel . To th r ow the leg ove r thehead of another per son . Th is is gene r a lly p r act i sed bych ildr en , who say a fte r doing i t : “ Ther e noo , aa

’

ve cr eeled

thoo an t ’hoo l l n ivve r g r ou ne bigger . S ee CR I LE . Compar eCOW P YOR -CREELS .

CREEP , a sta te of the m ine p r oduced by an in sufficiency ofcoa l left to Suppor t the r oof

,andwh ich often fo r ces the top

and bot tom Of the m in e together , and r ender s the pi t unfi t fo rfu r ther u se.

— Gloss. to P i tman’

s P ay , 1843 .

“ A heav ing up of the fl oor of the mine , occasionedby the weight ofthe super incumbent str ata — M mzng Gloss. Newcastle Terms , 1 852 .

An when l i fe 5 last stook'

s tyen away ,

Andmowse bu t wyest and r u in near ;W hen cr eepcomes owe r wor wr ought 0t clay,

Anda l l s la id in for ever her e ”

T. W 1lson , Pi tman ’

5 Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i v . 1 22 .

CREEPERS , the sen sat ion of ch i l l on the skin fr om cold , Or thecr eep ing Of the fl esh fr om some blood -cu r d ling fr ight or fear .

CR E E S E R , a waggon g r easer .

CREESH , CREESE , to g r ea se — J . P . Robson , Gloss. to Bardsof the Tyi ie, 1 849 .

CREESH Y , g r ea sy .

see th is Lown - l ike Lordan squeezeH is chr eeshy-baggs , andLaugh , andFleer .

G . S tuar t, yoco-S er lous D lscour se,1686 ,

p . 3 1 .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 199

CREEVE , an enclosu r e . S ee CREE , 1 .

CREEVE , CR E U VE , a cr ab o r lobster t r ap . A sor t of ca secover ed wi th n et, we ighted w1th a hea vy stone and let downto the bottom . A hole at each end a l lows en t r ance bu tp r even t s egr ess . Cr eeves a r e made about two to th r ee feet longby twelve t o eighteen inches h igh . S ee CRU IVE .

CR E E VE L,cr ewel , fine wo r sted ya r n .

CREPT P ILLARS , pi lla r s Of coa l wh ich have pa ssed thr oughthe va r ious stages of cr eep — Gr eenwell . S ee CREEP .

CR IB , or CR IBB IN , the ci r cle of wood wedged t ight in a pit

shaft , to make a founda tion for wal l ing when the st r ata a r e

loose — M ini ng Gloss. N ewcastle Terms, 1 852 . O r the l in ing ofwood or i r on put r ound a pi t shaft to dam back the wa ter inwa ter -bea r ing st r a ta . A cr ib used as a founda t ion for meta ltubbing or for wa ll ing is ca lled a wedg ing cr i b. A wal ling cr ibis a l in ing Of stone o r fi r eb r icks made to the sweep of theshaft and bu i l t in wher e the st r a ta a r e loose . A r ing cr ib isan a r r angemen t for ca tch ing water wh ich wou ld otherwisefa ll down the shaft . S ee TUBB ING .

CR IB , a boy sma ll for his age.

“ W ey, that ba i r n’ s a par fit

cr ib.

”

CR IB , to l ine a r oundT he sinking was cr ibbed, and backed, then wal led.

—Bor ings and

S inki ngs, A B p . 10

A g ib let pie ,

C r ibb’

dr oun’w1

'

coi ls o’

savour y puddenT . W i lson , P i tman

'

s Pay ,1 827 , pt. v , 28 .

CR IBBAGE , CR IBB IS H ,one s ide or di v ision of a sta ll in a

stab le .

CR IBLE , to cr inge , to cu r r y fa vou r wi th a super io r .

not gan to cr i ble tiv him .

” “ H e wen t away cr ibledwen t away as i f with h is ta i l between his legs .”

CR IE F . S ee CREE , CREEVE , CRU IVE .

CR I KE , CR I KEY , an oa th . Often becr ike.

CR ILE , a poor and deformed per son . Somet imes applied incon tempt . Ye cr i le, ye !

”

C r ei l , a shor t stubbeddwa r fish man .— R ay

'

s G loss.

T o pass the leg over the head of a chi ld is vu lgar ly supposed to cr i le

or stop its gr owth .

"- B r ockett, 3 rded.

200 NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S .

CR INE , to p ine in , t o sh r ink or sh r ivel up . Ye’ ve hadower

bet a fi r e i t’

s cr ined the meat .”

CR IN E Y , small and shr ivel led . The co r n ’

l l be var r y cr ineyan

’

smaa l l thi s ’

eer .

”

CRINGLE , a wi the or rope for fasten ing a ga te wi th — B r ockett.

CR INGLE -CR ANGL E , z ig-zag , w r inkle — B r ockett.

CR IT , the sma llest of a l it ter of pigs , &c. In metaphor - a

sma ll -sized per son . Tom ’ s the cr it i ’ the femily.

”

CROAK , to g ive up the ghost .Ba ith often

'

s W ishedthe yen was cr oakin .

J . P . R obson ,

“Betty BeesleyBards of the Tyne, p . 1 57 .

CROCKER , one outside Of a t r ade myster y . (Obs.)N O b r other shal l be par tner with any for eigner s cal led cr ocker s, on

pain of for fe iting 5— Ordinary of the Butcher s

' Company , Newcas tle ,Ju ly 20, 162 1 .

CROCKY , a l i t tle Scotch cow.—Gr ose

’

s Gloss.

CROFT .

A smal l par cel Of g r ound lying nea r the dwel l ing of the owner , bu tnot necessa r 1ly adjoin ing i t. — T he R ev . Canon G r eenwell , Gloss to the

Boldon Buke.

T he Cr oft, in Newcastle , a sma l l field, bou nded on the east side bythe town wal l , and on the west by the garden wal ls of the houses in

P 1lg r im S tr eet . I t former ly belongedto the fami ly of Car lels , or Car l iols ,

fr om whom i twas cal led the Car le, or Car lzol Cr oft.

” —M acken z ie , H i st. ofNewcastle, p . 1 79.

A hou se anda r ig lying in the Cr oft , value 6s.8d.— R ichardWelford,

H ist. of NewcastleX VI Cent. , p . 87 .

— T h 1s have I lear n tTending my flocks ha rdby i

’th hilly cr ofts

That b r ow th is bottom g lade

M ilton , Comus, 530, quotedby Na r es .

CROGGY , weak in the for e legs applied to a hor se .

CRONE , a toothless ewe ; an oldwoman .

CROOD, a cr owd to cr owd . T he hoose is cr oodedoot .

CROOK . S ee CRUCK .

CROON , cr own .

“ H e cam doon on the cr oon 0’

his heed .

Len ’

s-a ha lf a cr oon .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

202 NORTH U MBERLAN D W ORD S .

CROP,to lea ve a po r tion of coa l at the bottom of a seam

in wor king . Also to “set out ” a tub or cor f of coa ls fi l led

insufficien t ly , andcon sequen t ly for fe ited— Gr eenwell .

CR OPPE N , cr ept : the p.p. of cr eep . T he ver b occu r s in the

dia lect wi th a st r ong past tense wh ich has the var ian t for msof cr ap , and cr ap, and cr op . T he pa st par ticiple ha s a lso theva r ian ts cr oppen and cr uppen .

“ W e’

d ju st cr oppen in to bedagyen . W e fund the beggar hedcr uppen oot 0’

his hole .

H e’

s getten sa i r cr oppen tog ither — ben t wi th age .

CR OPP IN ,the cr op of a bi r d . To set up the cr oppin is

to gi ve on eself an absu r d a i r of impo r tance , or to walk wi th ast r utting con sequential ga i t .

T he cler k he soon set up his cr oppi ng .

Thomas W h ittle , The M idfordGa lloway’

s R ambleBel l ’s R hymes, 1 8 1 2 , p 1 75 .

CR OS I L ,to cha r sma ll or dust coa l in the fi r e so as to make

cinder s . A b lacksm ith cr osi ls h is fi r e by blowing slowly t1l lthe duff coa l has become caked in sma ll cinder s

, wh ich hecan u se to get up a p r oper hea t when he puts in his wor k.

CROSS , acr oss . Cr oss the floor is used for acr oss the floor .H e cam

’

cr oss ower t o meet me .

In the S ide once the hou ses so nea r ly didmeet,

That folk cou ldso fr iendly shake hands’

cr oss the str eet.

R . G i lch r ist , 1835 , S ong of Impr ovements.

CROSSCUT , a pa ssage d r i ven at an angle wi th the fibr es ofthe coal : “ in any d i r ection between headways cou r se and

b r oadways cour se .— Gr eenwell .

CROSS ING , an ar ch by which a cu r r en t of a i r is ca r r iedacr oss over head in a pit.

CROSS -T H E -BUCKLE , to cr oss the arms in playing a t

skipping -r ope , o r the legs in dancing .

Can ye j ump up andshu ffle ,

Andcr oss ower the buckle

W hen ye dance l ike the cl iver Bob C r anky.

J . S elk1r k , d. 1 843 , B ob Cr anky’

s’

S i ze S unday .

A l lan’

s Col lecti on , p . 2 1 8 .

CR OT LY , CR U T LY , fr iable , cr umby . W hen the land is infine cond i t ion and cr umbles as the plough tu r n s over thefur r ow it is sa id to be cr otly . Cr otly

-hoofed , in a hor se o r

bea st , i s when the hoof cr umbles . A cr ol ly temper is a qu icktemper . T he aad ma i ster hes a temper as cr utly as ewe

m i lk cheese.

NORT H UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 203

CROUSE,CROOSE , b r isk , l ively . S ee CROO S E .

CROW . S ee CRAA , &c.

CROWBERRY , the ber r y-bea r ing heath , E mpetr um uig r um.

S ee C R AAC R OOK .

CROW COAL , a seam of coa l worked fr om a cr ow, or outcr op .

S ee CRAA , 5 .

T he cr ow coal abou t a foot or less th ick

The Compleat Coll i er , 1 708 .

CROWDY , a No r thumber land d ish , made by fi ll ing a bas inwith oatmeal , and then pour ing in boi ling wa ter . A v igor ousst i r r i ng 1s r equi r ed whi lst the wa ter i s being pou r ed ; and,when the two ingr ed ien t s a r e thor ough ly mixed , the “ hastypudding ”

i s r eady . I t i s ser ved wi th a li ttle butter , d r ipping ,or other flavou r ing , a cco r ding to taste , o r it i s taken w i thm ilk. Cr owdy is pu r ely loca l , a s app lied to sca lded oa tmea l ;for wha t is ca lled cr owdy in No r thumber land is i n pa r t s ofScotland “ b r ose. In the island of Skye cr owdy is appl iedto a peculiar cheese , wh ich is made r ich by the addi t1on of

butter , and ea ten soft , l ike cr eam cheese .

T he cr owdy is wor da ily dish .

T . W i lson , P i tman ’

s Pay , pt. i v . 56

CROWDY-M A IN , an up r oa r ious cr owd , a cock fight . T he

da lesmen of Rede and Coquet wer e accustomed to meet atH ar ehau gh

“ for the pu r pose of fight ing the i r cocks , andof

ha v ing after wa r ds a sor t of fr iendly cr owdy -ma in among themselves .” S O l iver the Younger , R ambles eu N or thumber land.

W hei , Whei , th inks aw , this caps the stack

I t was a cr owdy-ma in man .

"

J . P . R obson , M a l ly'

s Voyage, 1 849 .

CROW -FI SH,the spiney cr ab . [H oly I sland .]

CROW-GARL IC , the A llium vineale, L . , found in gra ssy placesand somewha t r a r e. In Nor thumber land i t gr ows at Belfor dandGunner ton .

CROWLEY ’S CREW, the men former ly employed by C r owley

andCo . in the h istor ic i r onwo r ks at W in la ton , Swa lwell , andW inla ton M ill . In compar ison wi th other cr a ftsmen i t wasasked :

Can they de ou se wi’ Cr owley

’

s Cr ew,

F r ev a needle tiv a anchor , 0 1”

Such , indeed , wa s the var iety of manufactu r es p r oduced bythese sm iths , tha t the boa st was sca r cely an empty figu r e of

speech .

204 NORTH UM BERLAND W ORDS .

CROWN , a ter m for the top par t of anything . T he cr own in a

pit is the h ighest level in it.

CR OW N T R E E , the top balk used in suppor t ing the r oof in a

coa l pit ; it i s the cr oss p iece la id ove r two ver tical p r ops .S ee G ALLOW S -T IM BER .

CRUCK,to cr ook

,to bend .

CRUCK, a cr ook , a hook , the h inge of a ga te. S ee CRAN K .

One pai r of t r oks.— R . W el ford, H ist of N ewcastIe X VI Cent p . 389 .

I tem p(1 to John M ar ley for a new pann and a cr ouke to the Beacon ,

1 85 .— GatesheadChur ch Books, 1 645 .

CRUCK, a d isea se causing a twi sted neck in sheep .

CRUCK-YOR-ELBOW , w r i te it down , put your name to it.

CRUCK -YOR -HOUGH , tha t i s , bend you r hough (the hough i sthe back pa r t of the knee) si t down .

“ Cr ookyour houghthe fr iend ly saluta t ion of a p i tman who wan t s you to sit downand have a cr ack.

” I t mean s either to si t on a sea t o r on

you r hunker s ; or iginally , in a ll p r obabi li ty , the la t ter .

Gr eenwell

W i , lad what’

s set te her e se lyet

D r aw in a seat , an’cr ook thy hofi

‘

T . W i lson , Pi tman '

s Pay, 1 829, pt. i i i . , v . 25 .

W iv hus i’

th ’nor th , when aw

'

m wai r sh 1 my way,

(Bu t te knaw wor warm hear ts , ye yu r sel l come)Aw l ift the fi r st latch , andba ith man anddame say ,

C r uckyour hough , canny man , for ye’

r e welcome .

T. Thompson , (1. 1 8 16 , Canny Newcastle.

CRU CK -YOR -THUM B , the in st r uct ion given as a charmagainst wi tchcr aft .

T he fists ar e clenched, bu t the thumb s a r e doubled up inside the

pa lms T he r eason for th is pecu l ian ty may, no doub t , be foundin an

o ld Nor thumb r ian super stition .

” “ Ch i ldr en,

says Hu tch in son ,

“ to

avoid app r oach ing danger , a r e taught to doub le the thumb within the

hand. This was much p r actised wh i le the ter r or s of witchcr aft

r emained.

”— W . W . Toml inson , Gu ide to Nor thumber land, 1 888 , p . 64 .

CRUD , CRUDDLE , to cu r dle.

CRUDDLE , t o cr ouch closely together .“ They wor flaid o ’

the thunnor andcr uddled in .

”

T he bar efooted younker s sit cr uddleing on a heap r ound a fi r e.

Col l ier , Essay on Char ter s , par ticular ly those of Newcastle, 1 777 , p . 8 1 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

206 NORTHU MBERLAN D W ORD S .

CRUPPER-STONE , CR U PPL E -STONE , a stepped stone ,o r ser ies of steps placed near the door outs ide a house , andfor mer ly used fo r moun t ing on hor seback , or for the womenwho moun ted on the pi ll ion . S ee a lso HOR S E - STON E , HORS INSTON E , M OUNT , andP I LL I ON

CR U PPY-DOW , a cake made of oatmeal and fi sh , muchesteemed in N or thumber land .

Dunstan -steads. for logger heads ,And C r aster for cr owdies ,

S pital -for d for cr appy-(lows ,AndEmb leton fo r howdies

OldS aying , taken down fr om the r ecitation

of M r s . Aynsley, of Embleton , 1891 .

CRU SH, a g r ea t quan t ity , a cr ush of wet , a cr ush of cor n .

B r ockett, 3 rded.

CRUSH,the fr actur e of coa l pi lla r s in a pit by the weight of

the super incumben t st r a ta .

CRUT, a dwa r f, anyth ing cur bedin its gr owth .

— B r ockett.

CR U T LY ,fr iable , ea si ly cr umbed . S ee CR OT LY.

T he cheese you sendmu st not be a cr uttley one , as they a r e so badfor cu tting into sl ices .

— Letter , M ar ch , 1888.

CR U T T L E , a cr umb .

T o cu rdle -Nor thumber land.— Hall iwell ’s Dict.

CRY -COOK , to give in, to cap itula te to an ar gumen t or

accusat ion . S ee COOK .

CR YIN’-OOT , the t ime of accouchemen t . I t was made a

special occa sion for the a ssemblage of neighbour s andgossips ,when “ booted -b r eed and“ gr oan ing-cheese ” we r e ser ved up .

“ D e ye hear’

O r shoot in ’

? T he de’i l

’ s r evenge . T hor’l l be

’ 3 ’

on e ma i r o ’ them a fo r e the mor n i n A p r over b ia l saying onth i s occa s i on .

CUBE , o r CU POLA , a sha ft sunk near to the top of a fu r naceu pca st , and holed in to the sha ft a few fa thoms below the

su r face , w i th a wide chimney e r ected over it , r i sing th i r ty orfor t y fee t above the su r face . I t r el ieves the pit top fr omsmoke . Ca l led also a t ube — Gr eenwell .

CU CKL E -H EED , a stup id per son . S ee CHUCKLE -H EED .

T he p r ocession was headedby Bar bar a Bell ,H e was fol lowedby cackle-heedChancel lor Kell .

T . M a r shal l , (I . 1 869 , E uphy'

s Cor onation .

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S . 207

CUCKOO . S ee Gowk and following wor ds .

C U C K O O F LOWE R the meadow bi t ter ness , Cardaminepr atensis. Ca lled also pinks, spinks, bog -spinks, M ay flower , andlady

-smock.

CUCKOO -GRASS , the field wood r ush , L uzula campestr is.Called a lso pees-weep g r ass andblack-caps.

CUCKOO -M OR N IN’

,

“a hol iday on hea r ing the cuckoo for

the fi r st t ime — Gloss. to P i tman’

s Pay . (Obs .)A cuckoo-mor n i n

’

g ive a lad,H e values not h is plagues a cher r y

T . W i lson , P i tman ’

s Pay ,1 829 , pt. i i i . , v . 64

CUCKOO ’S -M AIDEN , the w r yneck— Yunx tor qui lla— wh ich

usual ly a r r ives her e a few days befo r e the cuckoo , andmigr ates in September .

-B r ockett.

I t is far fr om common in Nor thumber land, bu t is mo r e fr equentlyseen in Du r ham — John Hancock , B i rds of Nor thumber landandDur ham.

C U C K O O ’ S - M E AT , G OWK ’ S - M E AT , or GOWK ’SCLOVER , the sor r el , Oxalis acetosel la .

CUCKOO ’S -SP IT , the wh i te fr oth wh ich encloses the larva of

the Cicada spumar is.

CUCKOO ’S T IL L IN , the meadow pip i t , Anthus pr atensis.S ee T ITLARK .

CU D BE R D ,Cuthber t . S ee CUDDY andCULBE RT .

CUD -BUSH , an esculen t plan t . Cad-weed.)1 666 . December 8 -For ster to W i l l iamson [abou t a tumu l t in

S andgate , Newcastle , du r ing col lection of hear th -money] .

‘ They sa idthey wer e wi ll ing [to pay] bu t had not b r ead to ea t. Indeed, hundr edsof them for weeks have l i vedonly on oatmea l , water , andcudbush boi ledtogether .

’ — Ca lendar of S tate Paper s. Domestic S er i es , 1666 .

CUDDY , a donkey , a stupid per son . Wha t a r e ye deeintha t for , ye g r ea t cuddy P” A ha lf-W it. Cuddy W i l ly.

T o let the folks see thou’

s a Ieydy,

On a cuddy thou’

s r ide to the toon .

W . M idford, P i tman ’

s Cour tship, 18 18.

For on the new l ine an awdcuddy , Wiv ease ,

W i l l dr aw the mai l coach , or even a waggon .

T . W i lson , S tanzas on a L ine of IntendedR oad,1825 .

208 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

CUDDY , the common abb r ev ia t ion of Cuthber t . T he name of

the sain t is a ver y popula r Ch r ist ian name in Nor ther n par ts .T he for ms Cudber t andCulber t a r e st i l l hea r d on the l ips of oldpeople . S ee CULB ERT .

CUDDY-AN’-CREELS , a donkey with pann ier s .

CUDDY ’S -LEGS , her r ings . F ishwives used to call her r ingsthus Ther e ’ s yor cuddy

’s- legs an

’

lady ’ s th ighs .”

CUDDY ’S -LUGS , the gr ea t mullein , Ver bascum thapsus.

CUFF,a simpleton .

— B r ockett, 3 rded. S ee CU I F .

CUFF -CUFF , the call for a p igeon .

CU ICK (pr on . ke-yuk, kyak) , to cook. S ee C E YU K.

O f a’the kinds of hol low meats

That gr easy cu icks se oft a r e speeten .

T . W i lson , Pi tman'

s Pay , 1 827 , pt . v . 26 .

CU I F , a lout , an awkwar d fellow .

CU IF F , t o walk in an awkwar d manner ; especially with la r geb r oad feet . —B r ockett.

CU IL,K E YU L , to cool . S ee KEEL .

CU KE NWOR T , ch ickweed . S ee CL U CKW E E D .

CU L BAR D ,a cu l lish , or stupid per son .

CULBERT , or CU D BE R T , Cuthber t . Also the eider duck ,

S omater ia mol lissima , wh ich i s fam i liar in Nor thumber land andat the Far ne I slands as the Culber t, Cudber t, or Cudber t

’

s duck .

For centu r ies they have been known as S t . Cu thber t ’s ducks H e

lavishedu pon them specia l mar ks of kindness andaffection . They wer efr equently h is sole compan ions du r ing the long hou r s of his sol itar yn ights , clu ster ing r ou nd him when he watchedandp r ayedon the r ocks

wh ich su r r oundedh is home . They obeyed h is ever y wor d, andbecameso tame and fami l ia r wi th him that they wou ld a llow him to appr oachthem at al l times withou t fear , andcar ess them with his hand.

”— T he

R ev . Pr ovost Consitt, Life of S t. Cuthber t, p . 82 .

CULBERT , a varian t of culver t.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2 10 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

CUNDY , a d r a in , a sewer , a conduit. A r ummel in’

cundy i s

a d r a in wi th loose , b r oken stone la id r ound to al low of

per cola t ion fr om the sur face .

“ A cundied cor f was a cor fpacked hollow to gi ve an appea r ance of a g r ea ter bu lk tothe coa ls in i t. When coa ls wer e pa id by mea sur e instead ofby weight , this was a poin t for the keeker

’ s obse r vat ion .

Paide for a lb . of pepper , and a bagg , for the r ente of the cunditt

W i thou t W estgate to M r . Thomas H i lton , due a t M icklemas last ,Newcastle M unczpal Aeconuts. 1 593

Aw’

l inspect iver y cundy an’ midden .

J . P . R obson , Collier'

s Far ewell .

GUNN IN -CYE K , a cake of o r dina r y appea r ance outwa r dly ,bu t when ou t r evea ling h idden fr ui t , cur r an t s , &c. , in the cen t r e .

CUPOLA . S ee CU BE .

CUR (pr on . cor ) , a cowar d ly man . H i t one yor s ize , ye gr eetcu r

, ye.

”

A cur r ish wor thless per son .—Hall iwel l 's D ic‘

A ketty cur ,”a ver y vi le per son — B r ockett.

CU R CH OR , a ker chief, as han’

cur chor , neckcur chor m a handkerch ief, neck-ker ch ief. T he common sound of the wo r d iskor shor — thus

,hankor shor , neckor shor .

Pa ide for a cur chor and a r a le to wind her , 2 5 . at the bu r ial o f awoman — Newcastle M un icipal Accounts, A ug uste, 1 593 .

CURFEW-BELL , the even ing bel l , wh ich was gener al ly r ungat eight o ’clock for the obj ect of ha v ing a ll fi r es and l ight se x t inguished , a r equi s ite p r ecaut ion in olden t imes . T he

name andu se is st il l r eta ined a t Newca stle.— H all iwell

’

s D ict. ,1 846 . S ee B r and ’ s Obser vations on Bour ne’

s Antiqui ties, chap . i .

CU R R E NBE R R I E S , r ed cur r an t s , R ibes r ubr um. S ee CORNBAR R i E s .

CURTA IN , the fold ya r d in the far m stead ing. T he su r v iva lof th i s wor d is a most in ter esting r el ic of the t imes when ever yNor thumber land fold yar d was a fo r t ified enclosu r e . In

for tifica t ion a cor tin or cour tine i s the wa ll or d istance betweenthe flanks of two bastion s . T he loca l pr onouncia tion is s tillcor tin . S ee COR T AIN .

CUS ,’

CUST , CUSSEN (see CA S S EN ) , ca st , app lied toanyth ing thr own aside . H e cast-oot mean s he qua r r elled .

S ee CA S T-OUT .

CUSH AT , the r ing dove. Colunzba palambas. Cal led also , bu tr ar ely , cushy doo.

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 2 1 1

CUSH ION -DANCE , a coun tr y dance in wh ich one per sonheld a cush ion wh i lst the r est of the company danced in a

r ing , singing :T he best bed, the feather bed,

T he best bedov a’

,

T he best bed i'

wor hoose

I s clean pea str aw .

At the endof the chan t the cush ion was la id at the feet of afa vou r ed per son and knel t on . T he pe r son thus sa lutedki ssed the kneel ing suppl ian t and then took up the cush ion intu r n and danced r ound wi th it as the fi r st had done ; a ll

s inging aga in andagain the r efr a in . That dance of dances ,the cushion-dance.

”

CUSH Y -COO , a pet name for a cow. Cushy-cows, docken seed ,

the seed of b r oad-lea ved dock , R umex obtusifolius.

CUSH Y -COO -LADY , the lady-bi r d beetle.

CUSSEN (p.p. of cast) . Cussen in a mould — cast in a mould .Cussen down — ca st down .

CUSSEN , wa r ped .“ Them dyels is aa cussen — those deals

a r e a l l wa r ped .

CUT , an excavat ion th r ough a h ill . “ T he N ew Cut.

Cut Bank .

”

CUT , a measur e of ya r n— one-twelfth of a hank .

CUT , a n umbe r of sheep on a la r ge gr az ing far m . A hi r seli s d ivided in to sever a l d i v ision s ca l led cuts

, each keep ing toits own r ange of pastu r e

CUT , to r un qu ickly . Cut an’

r u n ,

” “ Cut away noo , a s fastas ye can ,

”Cut yor st ick ,

”Cut yor lucky ,

”a r e commands

to lea ve in stan tly . To cut is to move in a step dance .

In the dance se spr ightly,

He'

ll cut and shu ffle l ightly.

T . Thompson , (1. 1 8 16 , N ewKeel R ow.

CUT , or CUTS . To stand you r cuts — to ma inta in you rposi t ion , to hold you r own .

CUT . T he last cut. Befo r e the in t r oduction of the r eapingmach ine , at the fin i sh of the “ whi te cor n ” har vest it wa s thecustom for the young u nma r r ied women to endeavou r to get“ the la st cut,

” ther eby hOping to be the fi r st to get ma r r ied .

T he same p r actice p r eva i l s in T iv iotda le . S ee “ hinmost cntin Jamieson .

2 1 2 NORTHUMBERLAN D W ORD S .

CUT A PURSE , the method of ascer ta in ing the amoun t offine to be imposed for an offence again st the r ules of the

r iver Tyne. (Obs .)Pa ide for two pu r ses of lether which shou ld have bene cutt in the

Towne Chamber and was not , by a Fr enchman , 8d.— Newcastle

M unicipal Accounts, Auguste, 1 593

I t was a custom in Newcastle , as statedby Bou r ne , that a master of

a ship who th r ew ballast into too shallow water at sea . i f convicted, must

pay a fine of 5 wh ich was pu t into a pu r se , and the offender was

r equ ir ed to cu t the pu r se , by way of acknowledgmen t that he was no

better than those cu t pu r ses ’

who r ipped a man‘

s money fr om h is

g i rdle . Gardiner says the offender was to pay a fine of five pounds , orelse to cu t the pu r se which hangs up in the town

-chamber with sandandmoney in i t , andso mu ch as is ther ein he mu st pay, or is sent to p r ison ,

and ther e to lye ti l l he doth pay i t.” —R ichar dWelford, H i st of Newcastle,

vol . i i i . , under date 1 593 ,p . 82 .

T he cut-par se points te bygyen times ,

W hen tr u th was n iver sowt in wel ls ,W hen j u stice pun ish

’

dcapta ins ’cr imes ,

W ithou t the fash o' weights an

’

skyel ls .

T . W i lson , Glance at Polly-Technic, 1 840.

CU T BE AR D , cudbear . A l ichen tha t gi ves a pur ple dye.

T he L ecanor a tar tar ea,g r owing common ly on l imestone

r ocks .— Og i lvie.

CUTES (p r on . kyats) , the feet , used der i sively.

D id ivver mor ta ls see sic b r u tes ,T e order me to l i ft ma cntes

Geo. Camer on , song , The Pitman’

s R evenge, 1 804 .

CUTE -SKINS , CUTE -KINS, addi t iona l cover ings for the

legs du r ing snowy weather , gener a lly wor sted stockings withthe feet cu t Off ; a sor t of long ga i ter s . — B r ockett. S ee

K IT I CAN S .

CUTH BERT ’S BEADS,por t ion s of the join ted stems of fossi l

encr in i tes common in the moun tain l imestone . They ar e

found at L indisfa r ne plen tiful ly, and ther e , legend says :

S a int Cuthber t sits , andtoils to fr ameT he sea -bor n beads that bea r h is name .

W hile at this task he is supposed to si t du r ing the n ight upon a

cer ta in r ock andu se another as h i s anv i l — Note to M an n/on

CUTH BERT ’S DOWN, the down of the eider duck. S ee

S T . CUTHBERT ’S D UCKS andC U L B E R r .

“ In the l ist of a r t icles belonging to the Fer eto r y at Dur ham in 14 17a r e two pa i r s of cu shions , of wh i ch one is of Cu thber t's (town e (Eyr e) .R ev . Pr ov . Consitt , L ife of S t. Cuthber t, 1 887 , p . 82 , note.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2 14. NORTH UMBERLAN D \VO R D S .

OWQ AT coa t .

CYE K , or KYE K , cake.

T he b r ide -kyeh neist , byeth sweet andshor t ,W as toss

'

d i n p late fu ls ower the b r ideT . W i lson , Pi tman

’

s Pay, 1 829 , pt i i i . , v . 83 .

CYE K -TOASTER , a r ack made in the for m of the letter A ,

used to b r own a cake before the fi r e. S ee B E AK S T ICKS .

D i s sometimes in t r us ive , especia lly among ch i ld r en in

N or thumber land , and the ph r ase “ G i’

me -d-it , for g i ve i tme

,is hear d . W e r on by

-d- i r , for we r an by i t. D i s

a fr equen t abb r evia t ion of i t at the end of a wor d . Fo r ’

d,for i t ; wi

’

d, wi th i t ; deu n’

d, done i t ; thr aan

’

d,th r own it ;

blaan’

d, blown it ; “ Stan ’

by'

d,

” stand by i t.“ H e wi s oot

i’

d,”he was out in i t. “ Runmin inti

’

d, r unning in to it.

Gan an hy’

d," go andbuy i t. “ They ’

ll n ivvor di’

dagyen ,

do i t aga in . D idhe dee ’

d — didhe do i t

D AAB E R , DAUBER , a plaster er . (Obs .) T he R ev . J ohnH odgson , in hi s M S . D ictionary , point s out the pa ssage

One bu i lt up a wal l , and, 10, other s daubed i t wi th u ntemper edmor tar — Ezeki el , x i i i v . 10, and followmg ver ses.

“ T he fr ater n i ty of b r icklayer s in Newcastle wer e ancien tly styledcutter s and dauber s . T he cat was a piece of so ft clay mou lded i n to the

for m of a mower’

s “hetstone . This was th r ust i n between the la ths ,wh ich wer e after wards daubed o r plaster ed.

— B r and, H i st. of Newcastle,vol . ij. , p 268 , note.

D AB , an adept . H e’

s a dab, or“ H e

’

s a dab-hand at i t.

S ic a dabwas aw when young at r eadin .

T . W i lson , P i tman’

s Pay , 1 829 , pt i i i v . 103 .

D AB , a sha r p b low.

“ A dab of cla r t s is a p iece of mudthr own and stuck on wher e i t has fal len .

Aa myeks a dab at the b i t imp— H i s Other E ye, 1 880, p . 5 .

S tar lings stun worms by a dab on the nar r ow end — James Hardy,H ist. of Berwzckshzr e Natu r a l i sts

’ Club, vol . v i i . , p . 295 .

D AB , to a im a blow .

S ma l l boys may be seen— p r one on their stomachs— cr an ing over theedge of the qua y, and, wi th har poons , ingen iously manu factu r ed,

gener al ly ou t of steel p r onged for ks , dabbi ng a t the floa t i ng tr easu r es .

”

R J . Char l ton , N euci stle Town , 1 885 , p 3 1 3

DABBER , a poin ted r eto r t. Tha t ’ s a dabber for him. Ahitchey dabber

”is the piece of ear thenwa r e used in the game

of “ hitchey beds .”

NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S . 2 15

D AB -CHICK , the l it t le gr ebe . S ee D OB-CH I C K .

DAD , t o st r ike wi th a hea vy blow , bu t wi th someth ing soft , asa p i llow or a towel , &c. Aa

’

l l dadyor jaa .

”H e daddedh is

h ide Also to th r ow down heavi ly . D ivven t dad it doontha t way.

DAD , a heavy blow . H e gat sic a dadas he’ll not for get .

H e ga the noisy th ing dads agyen the waal .

James Hor sley, 7 im an’

the Clock, 1 883 .

DAD , a lar ge p iece . (Sca r ce )An

’

lumps O ’

beef , an’

dads o du ff,W as ther e for fo lks to dine .

J . P . R obson , Pi tman ’

s Happy TimesBards of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 77 .

DAD , to da sh out a sma ll fi r e of gas ( in a pi t) , or a sma llaccumulat ion of gas , w i th a jacket — Gr eenwell .

D AD D IN , m ixing fi r edamp in a pit w i th fr esh ai r by du ffing it

w ith a jacket so as to di lute i t and r ender i t ha r mless .

DADDLE , DAWDLE , to wa lk un stead ily , t o waggle , towaddle .

DADDLE , the hand . S ee a lso M EAO ,P A S T I E , LOOF , PAw.

When H aml ick stu ck h is daddle oot ,T o g r ip h is feyther

'

s paw, man ,

H e gav a ki nd0'

cr oopy shoot

T o find the candstyen wa’

,man .

J . P . R ob son , Homl ich , Pr ince 0'

Denton. pt . i .

Bards of the Tyne, 1848 , p . 1 29

B ADGE , DODGE ,to wa lk in a vaci l la t ing way. D ade is

used elsewher e .

As wade is r elated to waddle, so is dade to daddle — Wedgwood

B ADGE , a la r ge p iece . S ee D AD .

DAE , or DEYE -NETTLE, the hemp net tle , Galeopsis tetr a/zit.

I t is often ca l led the deed (dead) nettle.

DAFF , to daun t . — R ay’

s Gloss. (Obs .)C laudio Away, 1 W i l l not have to do with you .

Leonato : Can’

st thou so day’

eme

M uch Ado About Nothi ng , act v so. 1 .

Q uoted in Nar es' G loss.

2 16 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

DAFFIN [N .] mer r ymaking .

You wou’

dha’

bu r stne you r hea r t w1 laugh ingTo ‘ve seen the gang sae fu l l 0

’

dajingG . S tuar t , yoco-S er ious D is

‘

our se, 1686 , p 39

D aflin wi’

the hunter ca l lan ts.

Jas. A rmstr ong , Wanny B lossoms, p 20.

DAFFLE , to be doting , to be for getfu l . Pe r son s g r owing O ld

a nd i n thei r dotage a r e sa id to dajle. T he wor d means tobet r ay loss of memo r y and men ta l facu l ty .

— H odgson M S .

M afii e is a s im ilar expr ession for the above.

D AF F L IN , fool ing , mer r imen t . P r obably a va r ian t of dafiin.

S ee DAFF I N .

DAFT , si l ly .

Can the silly daft Car les th ink we’

l l sti ll be fools ?

G S tuar t , yaw-S er ious D iscour se, 1686 .

T hou’

l l dr ive me daft. aw often dr eed

T . W i lson . Pi tman '

s Pay , 1 824 , ed. 1872 , p . 8

S tup id, b lockish , daunted; fr om the word dafi’. Also , mad.

Nor thumber land.

”— R ay'

s Gloss M S . note

D AF TY , a sil ly per son . Ye ’

l l hit somebody , ye dafty.

DAFT-L I KE,fond o r si l ly. “ Tha t was a daft-l ike t r ick, noo .

D AG , to r ai n ,to d r izzle . It

’

s dagg in on . I t’

s dagg in

weather .

”

D AG , a p istol . (Obs .)T o Fr ancis Liddell , h i s r ap ier ; to Thomas L iddel l , b r other of

Fr anci s . his dagg .

"— W i l l o f Wm. Ander son , Feb 1 , 1 568 .—R ichard

Wel ford, H i st. of Newcastle andGatesheadX VI . Cent. , p . 4 18 .

M y dag , with the case , andal l th ings ther eto belonging .— The same,

P 377

T he M a ior of N ew-Castle wi th the Aldermen his B r ether en r id to

visit on hor s—back the colepi ts , as thei r Office is to do ever y quar tr ero f yeer , wher e by the waye he was shot with a dag into the a rme . wh ich

caused him to fal l off h is hor se .— Doleful News f r om Edi nburgh, 1 64 1 ,

quotedby B r ockett .

DAGGER -M ONEY ,a p r esent made to the J udge of Assize as

he left Newca stle by wha t is descr ibed in Nor th’ s L ife of the

L ordKeeper Gu i lforda s the h ideous r oad a long by the Tyne .

Befo r e lea v ing , the biogr apher says , “ the No r thumber landSher i ff ga ve us a l l a rms ; tha t i s , a dagger , kn i fe , pen -kn ife ,and fo r k , a l l together . T he M ayor of Newcast le ga ve eachjudge a b r oad piece of gold . In 1 56 1 th is is mentioned as

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2 1 8 NORTH UM B ERLAN D W ORD S .

DANDER , DAUNDER , to walk lei su r ely.Aw tu ik a lu ik aboot the toon ,

Andefter dander zn up an doon ,

T o see what folks war dee in .

”

T . W i lson , Opening of Newcastle andCar l isleR a i lway, 1838 .

H e dander eda langGeordy

’

s Last, 1 878 , p . 9

W e“ far up W hyte Kielder did daunder .

—Jas. A rmstr ong , WannyB lossoms, 1 879 , p 1 32 .

DANDER , the slaggy cinde r s fr om a smi thy or found r y.

DANDY , And r ew .

DANDY , fine , gay ; hence“ the dandy , the ver y th ing. A

fine ca r r iage is cal led “ the dandy.

”

H oo many men get thor heedtor nedw1 dandy wordsH i s Other E ye, 1 880,

p 4 .

M ar ch to the Dandy Fish M ar ket.

W . M idfor d, song , The N ew Fish M ar ket.

Bards of the Tyne, 1849 ,p . 196 .

R osy wine , andnectar pr imeFor gods andmen the dandy

T . W i lson , Ca r ter ’

s Well .

H ence dandy-candy , ga i ly colou r ed or o r namen ta l candy .

Compa r e CAN DYMAN . Descr i bing the old Tyne B r idge , M r .

J . P . Robson singsB u t , sp ite 0’

thei r r avish an'

r oot ,

B lu e-steyny is stil l to the for e , man ;T he apple-wives on her sti ll shou t,Dandy candy

’

s sti l l sel’

d in galor e , man .

J . P . R obson , T he H igh Level B r idgeBards of the Tyne, 1 849 , p . 429.

DAND Y -HORSE , the old velocipede , p r opelled by touchingthe g r ound wi th the feet now super seded by the cycles .”

DANG (p.t. of ding) , st r uck w i th v iolence .

“ D eev i l , deevil ,dang ye , aa wish Godmay hang ye ,

”i s shouted in chor us by

ch ild r en to the r obber of a b i r d ’ s nest .Ar i e tu ik h im on the heid and dang ou t all h is har nes (b r a ins) .

Letter , 1 565 , R owland Foste r fr om W a r k , in Char lton’

s Nor th Tyneda le,p 69

At last a g r eat th r u st dang h im ower ,

H e lay aw h i s lang length 0’

the flags .

Wm . M idfor d,song , The M ayor of Bordeaux , 1 8 18 .

S he wither edat ou t , anddang down al l the gear .

"

S awney Og i lby'

s Duel .

W e shou tedsome , and some dung down .

J . S elki r k , S walvell Hopping .

They dang wi'

tr ees , andbu r st the door .

The Ba lladof 7amie Telfer .

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 2 1 9

DANG , an expletive . Compar e D AL .

DANGER BOARD , a boa r d fixed in a m ine to .gi ve not ice , a ta sufficien t d i stance , of danger to be app r ehended by the

p r esence of nox ious or inflammab le gas .

DANT , DENT , soft , infe r ior , sooty coa l , found a t backs , andat the leader s of h i tches and t r oubles .— Gr eenwell .

Dent, or sandstone shale .

”— Pr of. Geikie , H i st. of Bwks N at. Club,

vol . x . , p . 147 .

D anty is applied to descr ibe any st r a tum of th is soft,sooty

n atur e .

“ D anty coa l ,” “ D anty band .

”D anty coa l is a lso

ca lled “ foul coal .”

Blackdanty meta lmixedwi th coal — Bor ings andS inkings, F K p . 42 .

Coa l , black, danty , goodfor nothing— The same, p . 5 1 .

Danty stu ff .

"— The same, p . 53 .

Danty swad.— The same, L .R . , p . 148 .

DAR,to da r e to , to challenge Come nea r me , if ye dar .

Aa’

l l da r ye de tha t agyen . Aa da r’

dhim ti the door,

”or

Aa dar’

dhim oot to fight . Aa da r say”is equivalen t to

I dar e say,”or I suppose. S ee D O R .

DARE , the dace , Cypr inus leuciscus. a small r i ver fish , r a therless than a her r ing . A lso ca lled a skel ly.

DARG , DARGUE , DORG , a day ’ s wor k .

“ A day ’ s darg .

At H a lton the tenan t r y a r e r equ i r ed to give one day ’s labou ron the esta te in the year fo r wh ich no paymen t is made .

Th is is ca l led “ the bond dar g .

” Food i s suppl ied , wi thbeer , on the occa sion . In ancien t ter r ier s dagg i s used as an

equiva len t for a cer ta in quan t i ty of land . P r obably as muchas can be p loughed in one day ’ s wor k ; o r a day ’ s wo r k of

mowing , as in the Elsdon ter r ier we ha ve 9 dar gs of meadowlying east ” and “

4 dorgs in the T odholes H augh . (H odgson

M S .) 1 3 r igs being 4 dorg . (H odgson’s N or thumber land,

pt . ij., vol . i . , p . 92 , note.) A darg is occa siona lly used tomean any set wor k .

“ H e wen t th r ee da r g — he wen t th r eej ou r neys ; not necessa r i ly day ’s j our neys . [S .]

“ A mowdarg

”is a day ’s mowing . A shea r da rg

”is a day ’s r eaping .

(S ee examples under these wor ds . ) Each tenan t i s toper for m yea r ly a mow dargue.

”

(H odgson’s N or thumber land

,

vol . i ii .,pt . i i . , p. 144 , notep .)‘Thou '

s often help’

d te buss the tyup ,

Andmun knaw a’

the joy we fand;W hen labou r

’

s year ly da rg was up,

An’

lots 0’

gaudy days at hand.

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , 2ndcd. , pt. i i i .

M idd leton H . Dand , Esq ., of Ackl ington , w r i tes : “ D ar g , a

day’s wor k. A plou ghman was former ly expected to plough

220 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

an acr e per day hence the name of a field a t Amble M oo rhouse (my p r oper ty)

‘the fou r and twen ty da rg ,

’

con si st ingof twen ty-fou r acr es . A not uncommon sa r casm is to sayt o a lazy fel low : Ay, ye

’ ve deun a dar g , aa’s

“ In

m in ing , darg is a fixed quan t i ty of coa l t o be wor ked for a

cer ta in p r ice . Th is wor d i s seldom hea r d in Newca st lem ines , bu t i t is the gener a l ter m in u se about Ber wick. I t isequi va len t to the hewing or scor e p r ice of the Newca stlecol l ier ies . (Gr eenwell .)

DARK , bl ind ; ALM OST DARK , nea r ly blind ; QU ITEDARK , stone b l ind . (Obs.)

Pity a qui te dar k man .— B r ockett.

DARK , t o eaves -d r op to wa tch for an oppor tun ity of inj u r ingother s for one ’ s own benefit .— H alliwell

’

s D iet. (Obs.)

D AR KIN , eaves-d r opp ing . (Obs .)

D AR KN IN’

, twil ight . I t was dar kh in ’

afo r e we gat hyem.

H e waakedback i’

the

DARN . T O the South endof Pi tt M oor e butts , then up to aD ar n r oad to the M ar ch ston e .” (Bounder of Old Bewick inH ist. of Bwks. N at. Club, vol . v . , p . A “ da r k way

”i s

men t ioned in the p r ev ious par agr aph . D ar n and dar k ar e

thus p r obab ly synonymous for obscu r e , secr et . T he wor d isfound in the st r eet ca lled D ar n C r ook in Newca stle , wh ichwas former ly a cu l de sac. “ A tenemen t or bu r gage , vulgar lycal led the p r i est ’ s chamber , as i t l ies andi s s i tuate in a cer ta i nvennel ca lled D a r ne cr uke . (Deed of 1 525 , in R . Welfor d ’

S‘

H ist. of N ewcastle, p . D er ne mean s secr et , anda“der ne

st r eet ” is a st r eet wher e concea lmen t or h id ing may be had.

They lokedest, they lokedwest ,They migh t no man see .

Bu t as they loked in Bar nysdale ,

By a der ne str ete

Then came ther e a kn ight r ydynge ,

Fu l l sone they gan h im mete .

Geste of R obyn Hode.The Ba l ladBook , Al l ingham, p . 1 10.

To der ne is to h ide onesel f, to skulk . Associa ted wi th th is isdea r nly ,

in which , fr om secr etly , the mean ing passes to lonely ,and so to mou r nful ly , and in th is way Spen ser uses it , whenA lcyon ,

“ b r eaking foo r th at la st , thus dear nelie plained .

”

(Spense r , D aphnaida , l . And so a lso der nly is used as

secr et ly .

“ T he l ady der nly ca lled un to her to absta in . (F aeryQueen , i i i ., xi i . , D er ne in O ld Engli sh was of cou r se

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

222 NORTH UM B ERLAN D W ORD S .

DAUR [N .] to da r e , to for b id . . Con stantly used in Nor thumbe r land . S ee D OR .

DAVE , to a ssuage , to m i t igate , to r el ieve .— B r ockett, 3 rd ed.

(Sca r ce .)

DAVER , to stun wi th a b low , to stupefy. H e hat him sic a

ya r k a lang the jaa’

at it daver’

t him.

” A a’

aver edaadman

i s a super ann uated o r s il ly oldman .

W as thor ivver sec a dover edfu i l

Geordy’

s Last, 1 878 , p . 1 3 .

DAVER , a stunn ing blow .

“ A daver , a devesher agyen the

metal pump ”

( M isfor tunes of R oger andhis Wife A davesheris a b low that has stunned or fel led .

DAVY , D E AVY , the fami liar name for S i r Humphrey Davy’ s

safety lamp .

DAVY-MAN ; the man who t r ims and r epa ir s the Davylamps .

DAW DOW , to th r ive. (Obs )H e neither dees nor daws

,i .e he nei ther dies nor mends.

— R ay'

s

Gloss 169 1 .

DAW , to daWn DAWIN , dawn ing .

DAW B , to plaster . (Obs.)Pa id for spar es , latts ,

nales and dawbi ng of a ch imney in the Almes~

hou se , 83 . 1d.—GatesheadChur ch Books, 1 63 1 .

D AVVBE R , a plaster er . An o r d in a r y of the incor por atedcompany of slater s of Newcastle , da ted M a r ch 1 6th , 1 677 ,sepa r a ted them fr om the company of wa ller s , br icklayer s , anddawber s, alias plaster er s — M ackenz ie , H ist. of N ewcastle, p . 697 .

S ee D AABE R .

DAY , the su r face of the g r ound , the top Of a pit shaft , the“ bank .

” A st r a tum is said at its outcr op to ha ve cr oppedout to the day .

”

Hor ses to dr aw you r coals to bank (or day) . — The Compleat Col l i er ,1 708 , p . 32

T he cor f i s dr awn up to the top (of the shaft) , or to day , as it is thei r

phr ase .

"— The same.

DAY-FA’

, a pi tfa ll .

NORTH UM B E RLAN D W ORD S . 223

D AYH OL E , an adi t or level wo r king fr om the su r face . Calleda lso , day-dr ift andg r ove.

DAY-SH IFT , when a concer n is wo rked n ight and day, daymen a r e ca lled the day-shift, andn ight men n ight -Sh ift .

DAYS -M AN , an a r bit r a tor ; an umpi r e or j udge — R ay’

s Gloss.

An Oldwordsti l l in u se among the fa rmer s .— B r ockett.

DAY-STONES , loose stones lying wea ther ed upon the su r face .

H ugh M i lle r , Geology of Otter bur n andE lsdon.—Geolog ical S u r vey

M emoi r,1 887 .

DAYTALE -MAN , a man employed by the day.

A labou r er not engaged by a master for a cer ta in time , but wor kingfor any per son who W i l l employ h im by the day or by the week.

”

S . O l iver , the Younger , R ambles in Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 95 , note.

D AYTAL IN , jobbing a t odd day’

s wor ks .

DAY WATER , water which penetr ates in to the m ine th r oughsome d ir ect opening to the sur face .

— M ining Gloss. N ewcastle

T erms, 1 85 2 .

DAZE,to stun . D azed, stunned , stupefied. D azed is appli ed

also to i l l -done b r ead or mea t that is , when they have beentoo long at a slow fi r e andhave in con sequence lost flavour .

T he wood of a t r ee tha t has been a l lowed to l ie too long w iththe bar k on a fter it has been fel led , and ha s been inj u r edther eby ,

’

is ter med “cor ky ”

or dazed. H ence dazed-l i ke,

benumbed -l ike , as fr om cold o r fr ight ; and dazedness

numbness , as fr om cold or exhaustion . Aa’ve a dazedness i

tha t left a i rm . S ee D E AS E D , DEASY , andD OZ Z E N E D .

A dazedlook , such as a per son has when fr ighted.— R ay

'

s Gloss.

A dazed-egg is one in wh ich the young has g r own much , but is found

to be deadat the time of hatch ing — Hodgson M 5

DE , do . Befor e a vowel de becomes div. H oodiv aa knaa

To de wor tu r n ” mean s having enough to l i ve upon . S ee

D E E .

Thou hes a W itching way 0'myekin me de what thou wi l l .

”— Pitman ’

s

Pay , 1 826 , p . 1 3

W e a’

ways hadte de wor tu r n

Andsomething for a time 0’need

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt . i i i v 1 18 .

DEADS . S ee DEED S .

224. NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

DEAL,DALE , DOLE , to d i v ide. Acr edale-lands a r e

lands d i v ided in acr e st r ips . A dole of land is a p iece of landdea l t or doledout , an a llotmen t or a ppor tionmen t . S ee DYE L .

Fr om thence as heaven water dea ls.-Descr ipti on of a Boundary

Hodgson’

s Nor thumber land, pt . i i i . , 2 , p . 24 .

DEALT-AN’-DEUN , ser ved out andfin i shed .

After a’

was dea lt an‘

du in .

T . W ilson , Pi tman’

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i . , v . 95 .

DEAN , a deep wooded va lley. S ee DEN E .

DEAR KNAAS ! An e xclamat ion equi va len t to “ I do not

know , or“ Nobody knows .” “ H es he been yit

? “ D ear

knaas.

” “ D ear knaus wha t aa’s gan te dee ?

” “ H e’

s been

dear knaas hoo lang away “ Wha t the pol l is wan ti t dea r

knaas.

DEARN , lonely , sol i tar y , fa r fr om neighbou r s . —R ay’

s Gloss.

S ee DARN . (Obs.)

DEAS , DE IS , a stone bench at the door of a cottage , somet imes cover ed with sods . T he deis was “ the pr incipa l tablein a ha l l , o r the r ai sed pa r t of the floo r on wh ich it wasplaced . Also , the pr incipa l sea t at th i s tab le . Ther e we r esomet imes mo r e than the one , the high deis be ing the p r incipa ldeis in a r oya l ha l l . (H alliwell

’

s D iet.) M r . Wedgwoodshows i ts der iva t ion fr om F r ench dais or daiz, a cloth of

esta te , candpy— old F r ench dais, deis, a table , fr om discus.

T he n ame was then t r an sfer r ed to the r a ised step on wh ichthe high table was placed , o r the canopy over it . In Ra ine 'sH i story of N or th D u r ham,

in an inven tor y of goods in the

Far en I slands in 1436 , ther e is an en t r y of a“ P iece of

b lood -colou r ed tapest r y for the desse.

”S ee DE S S .

D E AS E D , wan t ing the l ife p r inciple , as a d r ied up plan t , orwood tha t has lost its sap. W hen b r ead has been baked ina slow oven andnot tho r ough ly soaked ,

”it i s sa id to be deased.

Wood beginn ing to r ot is deased. A man in a“

deasedcond it ionis one utter ly d isp i r i ted and dep r essed . S ee DAZE and

D OZ Z E N E D .

DEASY,dull

,spi r i tless , dep r essed . As appl ied to the weather ,

a deasy day i s a dul l , damp , cheer less day.

DEAVE , to deafen , t o stupefy wi th noise .

W i ' thor hai r r eet on end, andthor blud l ike to fr eeze ,M yest deavedwi

'

g r eet yel ls they dr oppeddoon on thor knees .

R Emer y, Ca rds andCr eam House Ghost.Allan

’

s Col lection , p . 295 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

226 NORTH U MB ERLAN D W ORD S .

DEED,dea th ’

. T he u se is common in such exp r essions as

Tewed to deed,”

P la id to deed,” Done to deed,

” “Wor kedto deed,

”D eed th r aw — dea th th r oe .

Al le maner e of ioyes er in that stede ,

Tha r e es ay lyfe withou ten dede.

"

Hampole , d. 1 349 , Pr icke of Conscience.

M or r i s , l ine

DEED,stagnan t . An unven ti la ted place in a pit i s sa id to be

deed.

DEED,indeed . D eed

,wi l l aa not ! “ Indeed , I wi ll not !

Geud deed!” occur s as an exclama t ion in a 7oco-S er ious

D iscour se, 1 686 , by G . Stua r t . D eed i s used so empha tica l lyas to exp r ess mor e than a mer e shor ten ing of indeed. I ti s p r obably an abb r evia t ion of geuddeed.

”

DEED -HOOSE , a mor tuar y house.

DEED -KNOCK , a supposed wa r n ing of death , a myster iousnoise.

—H all iwel l’

s D iet.

D E E D LY , deadly .

H e tr iedto shun the deedly b last .

T .W i lson ,Pitman ’

s Pay , 1 827 , pt i i . , v . 53 .

D E E D L Y -E BADE , a blood feud .

I f the (T ynedale or R edesdale) theaf be of any gr eat su r name or

kyndr ed, and be lawfu l ly execu ted by order o f ju stice , the r est of h is

kynne o r su r name bear e as much mal l ice,wh ich they ca l l deadly fedde,

aga inst such as fol lowe the lawe aga inst thei r cossen the theaf, as though

he had un lawfu l ly kyl ledbym wi th a sword, andW i ll by a ll means theycan saeko r evenge ther e uppon .

— S i r R ober t Bowes’

s R epor t, 1 55 1 .

I f any two be displeased, they expect no law , bu t bang it ou t b r avely,

one and h is kindr edagainst the other and h is Th is fighting they ca l l

thei r feides or deadly feides.

”— G r ay, Chor og r aphia , 1649.

DEED -M AN , a dead man . I t is r emar kab le tha t so manya t t r ibutes of the dead ar e r epea ted in the loca l commonn ames of p lan t s .

DEED -M AN ’S BELLOWS , the r ed r a ttle , Pedicular is palustr is.A lso the cr eeping bugle , Ajuga r eptans.

DEED -M EN ’S BELLS, the pur ple foxglove , D ig italispurpu r ea .

DEED -M AN ’S BONES, the gr ea t star wor t , S tellar ia holostea .

DEED -M EN ’S FING -ERS , the ma r sh or ch is , Or chis latifolia .

Ca l led a lso D ei’

l’

s foot, Adam and E ve, Cain and Abel , andcock

’

s kames.

NORTH U MBERLAN D W O RD S . 227

DEED -MAN ’S GR I EF , the S i lene mar itima .

DEED -MAN ’ S H AND , the spot ted or ch i s , Or chis maculata .

Known also as hen ’

s kames andadder g r ass.

DEED -M AN ’S TH UMB ,the ear ly o r chis , Or chis mascula (or

Aa r on’

s beard) .

DEED -M AN ’S OATM EAL , the seeds of hem lock , Conium

maculatum. Ca l led also bad-man’

s oatmeal .

DEED -N IP , a bluemar k on the body , ascr ibed to necr omancy .

B r ockett. (Obs. )

DEED -P IG . A deed-pig'

signifies tha t i t is all over wi thanything . N OO, noo , canny judge , play the r eet cai r d , andit

’

s a deed-pig — sa id by a mayor of N ewcast le when p layingwhi st wi th J udge Buller .

DEEDS , DEADS , the sma ll ston es , spoi l , or r efuse fr om a

quar r y , or an exca va t ion . Compar e R E D .

T he heaps of deeds , or ear th dug fr om the di tch of the mur us.

Hodgson’

s Nor thumber land, i i i 2 , p . 282 .

N o . 1 P it for the dr awing of the deads fr om the I r on M ines

Bor ings andS in kings , A .B . , p . 84 .

DEED -S M AAL , the finest coal dust .

DEED -SWEERS , ve r y lazy , ver y unwi lling — B r ockett, 3 rd. ed.

DEED -T H R AA , death th r oe , the pangs of death . See DEED .

A man , when he fi r st bor ne es ,Bygynnes towarde the dede to dr awe ,And feles her e many a dede thr aw.

Als ser e yvels andanger s when tha i byfal le ,

That men may the dede thr aws calls .

Hampole , d. 1 349 , Pr icke of Conscience.M or r i s, l ine , 2097 .

DEEP , deaf.

DEEP , ba r r en , useless , decayed . A deef nu t is a nu t with an

empty or decayed ker nel .

T wou’

dvex a man to th' ver y Guts ,

T o si t seaven year cr acking deaf Nu ts .

G . S tuar t , 7oco-S er i’

ous Discour se, 1686 p . 42

B eef ea r th , ba r r en soil . D eef cor n , bla sted com . A deef pap isthe tea t of a cow tha t does not r ender m ilk .

228 NORTH UM BERLAN D WORD S .

D E E F -STENT , D E F E -STENT , a paymen t of money to a

hind in l ieu of cowgr a ss . H inds wer e somet imes pa id inkind by fa r m p r oduce . In this was included the pa stu r ageof a cow, bu t for the per iod in wh ich the cow gave no mi lk ,

befor e the t ime of ca lving , a money equiva len t was paidcalled the deef-stent. Thi s was often as much as f 3 , andi t was the on ly ca sh paymen t r eceived for wages

, except the“ bondager ’ s ” wage , wh ich was gener ally 1 od . per day in

ha r vest t ime .

B EEFY , an empty th ing , as a nu t wi thout a ker nel— hence awor thless thing with an outwar dly good appear ance . A deafper son .

DEEP -S ITTEN , eggs in which the young bi r ds ar e a lmostr eady to ha tch out . S he hes fower eggs deep -sitten.

DEER ’S -H AIR , the tufted sci r pus , or scaley sta lked clubmoss ,S ci rpus ccespitosus.

DEER-STREET , DEOR-STREET , the name given to a

Roman r oad at West Glan ton . I t is also the ancien t namein the coun ty of Dur ham .

DEET , to set in or der , to t idy , t o clean . S ee D IGH ’ I‘ .

DEETH -H EARSE , dea th -hear se ; when thedeath-hear se, d r awnby head less hor ses , and d r i ven by a headless d r iver , i s seenabout m idn ight pr oceeding r ap idly , bu t wi thout noise , t owar dsthe chur chyar d , the dea th of some con sider able per son in thepar i sh is sur e to happen at no d istan t per iod .

— S . O l iver ,R ambles in N or thumber land, 1 835 , p . 96 .

D E G , to d r izzle . S ee D AG.

D E H YIM , D E E YE M ,a dame , a ma tr on . S ee D E YE M .

DEIL,DEEL , D E E VIL , or D IVI L . Th is wor d plays an

impor tan t par t in the str ange oaths ” for mer ly p r evalen t .I t was used as an exp r ession of impa tience or con tempt inman ifold comb inat ion , such as D eel tyek ye D eel smash

ye D eel b r ust ye D eel stop oot thee een Ande venin such r ema r kable invoca t ion s as D eel fetch ’t “ D eel

scar t yor nether par t D eel r ive ma sa r k

DEIL ’S-BARN IN -NEEDLE, Venus

’ s comb ,or Shepher d ’ s

needle , S candiz pecten-vener is. Called a lso wi tch’s needle and

Adam’

s needle.

I have r ecently heard i t cal led elshins, t.e. awls ; and the dei l’s

elshin.— James Hardy, E wks. N at. Club, vol . vi ., 1 869 -

72 , p . 159 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

230 NORT H UMBERLAND W ORD S .

D E PLOID , a cloak . (Obs.)T o Launcelot M etcal fe , a deploid and 5 5 . in si lver — W i ll of Wm

Bone , 1 501 .— R ichardW el ford,

H ist. of Newcastle in X VI . Cent. , p 3 .

D E PP ITY , DEPUTY

T he man who lays the plates and sets the timber for the hewer s ,andhas cha r ge of a di str ict of the mine —M i n i ng Gloss. Newcastle Terms ,1 852

T he deputies go to wor k an hou r befor e the hewer s Their wor kconsists of suppor ting the r oof with pr ops of wood, r emovmg p r ops fr omold wor kings , chang i ng the a i r cu r r en ts when n ecessa r y, and clear ingaway any sudden er uption o f gas or fal l of stone that m ight impede thewor k of the hewer .

— D r R . W i lson , Coa l M i ner s of Dur ham and

Nor thumber land.— Tr ans. of Tyneside Natur al ists

’ C lub, vol . v i . , p . 203

On descending to wor k , each hewer p r oceeds ‘ in by,

’

to a p laceappointed, to meet the deputy . T he deputy exami nes each man

’

s lamp ,and i f found safe , r etu r ns i t locked to the owner . Each man then

finding fr om the deputy that h is place i s r igh t, p r oceeds onwards to hiskyevel .

—The same, p . 204 .

Aw gat , at fu r st, a sh i fter'

s place ,

And then a deputy was myed.

"

T . W i lson , Pi tman '

s Pay , 1 829 , pt. i i i . , v . 99

DERN,di sma l , d r ea r y . S ee DARN .

D E S AR VE , to deser ve .

DESS,DESSE , to lay close together , to desse wool , st r aw , &c.

R ay’

s Gloss. ,1 69 1 .

DESS,tha t por tion of a haystack which is in p r ocess of being

cu t and used as r equ i r ed .

“ A dess of hay.

”In a r ound

stack the cen t r e , left a fter it had been dessed, was ca lled a

gowk .

Ling , di es, hassocks , flaggs , str aw ,sedge , &c.

— Har r ison ’

s Eng land,1 577

DESS,a step o r r a ised p lace , a bench . S ee DEAS .

D E U L L ,DOLE

,DOOL , gr ief, woe .

T he sor ow anddu le tha t tha i sal make .- Hampo le , d 1 349 , Pr icke of

Consci ence.

D E U L FOW , doleful .W hat gar r

’

s the a deulfow fo’ke compla in ? —G . S tua r t , 70co-S er ious

D i scour se, 1686 , p . 62 .

D E U M S , ver y , uncommon ly .

“ D eu i i i s slaw , o r“ dr y,

.

Or anyothe r act ion tha t r equ ir es deums to g i ve i t gr ea t effect , i s ver ycommon ly used .

NORTH UMB ERLAN D WORDS . 23 1

DEUN -OWER , over done wi th exer tion .

When wheit dyun ower the fiddler s wen t

J . S elki r k ,S walwel l Hopping .

Then Geordy didcaper ti ll myestly deun ower

S ong , Newcastle Wonder s.

D E VAL D , to cea se .

I t'

s r ainedthe byel day an'

ne’

er devalded —R othbury.

DEVEL ,to bea t , to maul . “ H e

’

s getten hi ssel sa i r develled.

I t is mo r e appl icable to a per son who ha s come out inju r ed ina mele

’

e, than to one who ha s been bea ten in a per sona lencoun ter .

D E VE S H E R , a hea vy fa ll , a cr ash . Th i s wor d occu r s in the

song of The M i sfor tunes of R oger andhis Wife. T he wife fell adevesher again st the pump— tha t is , fel l wi th a cr a sh ing b low.

DEV IL ’S CAUSEY,a b r a nch fr om the Roman way— Wa t ling

St r eet— wh ich goes off at Bewclay in a no r th -ea ster n d ir ect ion ,

cr ossing the Tweed about a m i le no r th of West O rd. I t isa lso ca lled Cobb’

s causey .

DEV IL ’S GUTS , the cr eeping r anunculus , R anunculus r epens.A lso the field convolvulus , Convolvulus ar vensis.

D E YE M , D YE M a dame ,a mat r on . The aad dyem

sat a side the fi r e.

DEY-NETTLE , the hedge syl vatica , S tachys sylvatica . Thi s isqui te d istinct fr om the dae-nettle.

D E YU K , DYUK Duke .

“ The D yuk 0’ Newcastle .

T he B eyuk 0’ N or thumber land .

D E YU K , DYUK [T .] a duck .

“ Pa ide John Belman for ca r ying a fla le to avoyd dukes ou t of thestr eet , 6d — Newcastle M uni cipa l Accounts , 1 594 .

DEYUN , DEUN , or DYUN done . D E YU N’

D ,done

i t. S ee DEU N -OW ER .

D H AE L , a funer a l . (Obs.) Compa r e D E U LL .

They spak O’

the g r eat S wi r e'

s deeth— andthe numbe r oh fwoak thatwen t to h is dhael . —Thomas Bewick , T he Upgetti ng , ed. 1 850,

p . 1 3

S he spack a dea l abou t the deeth of the swi r e andh is dhael . H ismu ther g r at mai r at the dhael than ony body that was ther e .

—The same,p . 14 .

23 2 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

D IAL ING , surveying T r adeGloss. , 1 888 .

D IBBOAR D , the dip or inclination of a seam of coa l . S eeD I PPER .

D I CKY , the head . Aa’

l l naap your dicky“ I

’

l l thumpyou r head .

”D icky, a louse .

D I CKY .

“ I t ’s a a ll dicky t” “ I t ’ s aa l dicky win him mean s i t

i s a ll over wi th a per son , or he i s completely r uined . Up todick, on the other hand , mean s absolutely per fect , ei ther ind r ess or in the per for mance of a thing . H e had on his

Sunday claes , an’

wis up to dick , a a can tel l ye !“ T he

d inner wa s up to dick , noo

D I CKY -B IRD , a sma ll b i r d . T he term is always appliedendear ingly. T he D icky

-Bi rd Society , a society of youngpeople , founded in connection w i th the N ewcastle WeeklyChr onicle, by M r . W . E . Adams . T he member s a r e p ledgedto be kind to a ll l i v ing things

,to p r otect them to the utmost

of thei r power , to feed the bi r ds in the win ter t ime , andnevertake or dest r oy a nest .

D I ’D , do i t. Aa wis a fyu l to di’d.

”Aa d idn ’

di’

d,did

a a ? I d idn ’ t do it , did I

D IDDER , to qui ver wi th cold .—R ay

’

s Gloss.

“ To dodder ,adds the R ev . J . H odgson . S ee DOTHER .

T o sh iver , to tr emble.— Ha l l iwel l ’s D i et.

D IDDER , a confused noi se or bother .— B r oekett, 3 rd ed.

(Scar ce .)D IE -SAND . S ee D YE - S AN D .

D IF F ICU L T E R , the compar ative of difi cult— mo r e difficult .T he quan ti ty is la id on the second syl lable in difiicult,difiiculties , anddefi culter .

D IG H T , DEET , D ITE , to make r eady,to p r epa r e . In ear ly

w r i ter s i t is used as a pa st pa r t . in the sen se of pr epa r ed .

Thus it i s appl ied to a har d -boi led egg :“an egge ha r d dight.

(H ampole , d . 1 349 , P r icke of Conscience.-M or r i s

, l in eAnd

,i n the same wr i ter

,

“ T he k ingdom tha t is p r epa r edfo r you ”

is r ender ed “ T he kyngdom tha t ti l yhow es dight.

(The same, l ine In th is poem i t a lso mean s decked :and the r ighteous in hea ven s i t in glo r y “

r ychely dight.

(Lin e So,too

,in Chaucer

E r i t wa s day, as sche was won t to do ,

S che was a r i sen , anda l r edy dightF or M aywi l l have no sloggardyea n ight .

Kn ighte'

s Tale, l 1ne

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

234 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

water , as in meadows or sowb r ows , ar e not above ha lf a yardin heightToml inson , quoted in R ay

’

s Gloss R ay adds A sough i s a subter r anean

vau lt or channel , cu t th r ough a hi ll , to lay coal mines or any other m ines

dr y.

D ikes wer e a lso fr equen tly t r ackways ; and ther e a r e manyea r thwor ks of ancien t da te wh ich a r e common ly ca lled dikes.One such is known as the B lack-dyke,

” wh ich is sa id toextend fr om the head of No r th Tyne to the sea s ide ea st ofM or peth . Anothe r , “ B lack-dyke,

”r an n or th and south ,

cr ossing the Roman Wa ll at Busy Gap. Ther e a r e a lsose ver a l G r ime

’ s dikes, or G r aham ’ s dikes, on the Bo r der s .

T he en t r enchmen ts wh ich sur r ounded the wa l ls of Newcastlewer e former ly called T he K ing ’ s D yke.

”

D I KE . A depot for coa ls at the sta ith was ca lled a dike. I tmean s a jet ty or pier by the r i ver side .

Ever y time the keelmen loada keel of coals fr om the sta i th , or dyke,they get a can — Nor ther n Tr ibune, 1 854 , vol i p . 2 10.

A pier , or dike, r un ou t a t the nor th entr ance at Blyth har bou r .

M acken z ie , H i st. of Nor thumber land, vol . ij 1825 , p . 425 .

D I KE , a fault in a st r atum , caused by a cr ack , a sl ip , or by thein t r usion of an igneou s r ock , fam i l ia r ly known to the pi tmana s a

“ t r ouble .

” “ T he N inety Fa thom D ike,” wh ich passes

seawa r d a t Culler coa t s , is a fam i lia r in stance of a dike on a

colossal scale. Her e a“ sl ip ”

of five hund r ed feet b r ings themagnesian l imestone down aga inst a face of ear lier st r a ta andp r esen t s the disloca tion known as a dike. When basa l t isin t r uded , as at Tynemouth Pier , it is ca l led a whin dike. Astone dike in a pit is an ancien t “ wash ” wh ich has fi l ledup a va l ley , cutt ing th r ough the denuded seam of coa l , “ in

ca r bon i fer ous t imes , befor e or du r ing the deposition of theover lying beds .” (P r ofessor Lebour , M .A. , Geology ofN or thumber landandD ur ham, 2nded. , 1 886 , p . C lay dikes ar e mostfr equen t , andar e often impe rmeable to wa ter . Rubbish dikesa r e fi lled wi th sand , clay , and r ounded stones . S lip dikesusual ly con ta in fr agmen t s of the adj acen t st r a ta . W henthe d ike in ter r upt s the wo r king of a seam of coa l it is ca lleda downca st dike i f the con t inua tion of the seam of coa l l iesa t a lower level , and an upca st dike if it is con t inued at a

higher level . Doon - th r aa ,

”and “

up-thr aa a r e terms for

the same . Compar e H ITCH .

D IKE -L OU P E R S , t r an sg r esso r s .— B r ockett, 3 rded.

D IKER , a hedger or d i tcher ; a hedge e spa r r ow.

NORTH UM B ERLAN D W ORD S . 235

D IKE SEAM , DYKE-SEAM , a seam wor ked near ly on end.

H ugh M i lle r , Geology of Otter bur n andE lsdon.—Geolog ical S u r vey

M emoi r,1 887 , p . 59 .

D IKE -STOWER, a hedge-stake . S ee D I KE , 1 .

D ILCE,DULSE

, a seaweed , R hodomenia palmata .

D ILL , to dull (H odgson to soothe , to blun t , to s ilencepa in or sound .

D ILLER . T he ph r a se “ A diller , a doller , a ten o ’clockschola r ”

i s applied to a du ll , d i la to r y schoolboy , cr eep ing ,l ike snai l , unwil l ingly to school .

”

D ILLY . T he oldengine on theWylam r ai lway was common lyca lled “ P uffing B i l ly , o r

“ the Wylam di lly .

”D i lly ,

saysM r . H a lliwe ll , is a sma l l public ca r r iage , co r r upted fr omF r ench di ligence. T he coun ter ba lance moun ted upon twopa i r s of tr amwheels , by mean s of wh ich the empty tubs in a

pi t a r e car r ied up an incline , is ca l led a dil ly.

B INDOM , a gr ea t noi se or up r oar . S ee D U R D OM .

D ING , to st r ike , to bang , to knock wi th violence. Pas t ten sedang ; pa st pa r ticip le , dungen o r dung .

Thu s sal le thai dyng on tham ever ma r e ,

W i th g r et glowandhamer s , and nane spar e .

Hampole d. i 34g , Pr icke of Conscience.M or r is , l ine

H e hadThat tha i su ld tak kobi l le (cobb le) stanes ,Anddi ng h is teth ou t a l at anes ;Andwhen tha i wi th the stanes h im dang ,

H e stode ay lagh andthem omang .

"

The same.— M or r is, p . 288 .

T he wor d is fr equen tly used in the d ia lect in the compoundform ,

a s ding-doon and ding -ower . Stand oot o ’

the r oad o raa

’

l l di ng ye ower — knock you over . To ding a lso means todea fen , to r epea t no is ily ‘

S o , if ye please , aw‘

l l myek an end,

M y song me far ther di ng i n .

R . G i lch r ist, B l indWi ll ie S ing ing , 1 824 .

D ING ,used for damn .

D INGLY , deep ou t l ike a r a v i ne .

T he steep , wild, andwoody bank of S tonecr oft bu r n which jo ins thedi ng ly channel of the br ook.

”— Hodgson , H ist. of Nor thumber land, i i i 2 ,

P! 393

236 NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

D IN M ONT , D IN M ON D , a ten mon th . A lamb is called ahog in autumn , andafter the fi r st shear ing of the new yea r a

dinmont i f i t is a male sheep , anda gimmer i f it i s an ewe.

M ale Sheep fr om the t ime of wean ing to the fi r st time of cl ipping ar ecal ledhogs , hogger els , or lamb -hogs ; then they take the name of shea r ing ,

shear l ing , shear —hog , or di nmohd-tups or r ams .

"— Geor ge Cu l ley, L i veS tock , 1 801 , p . 1 8 .

D INNA , D INNET , D IVE NT , do not. Al l these wor ds a r eused wi th the same mean ing , bu t euphony suggests thei rselect ion . Thi s is an example of the r ichness of the dia lectwh ich may well be noted

Aw dinna mean te b r ag 0’

this .

T . W i lson Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt. v. 198.

D inna let it gan , M r . M ayor .

Q uayside D itty , 18 16 .

O , dinnet clash the door .

D i vent dee’

dme ma i r .

"

D INN E L , t o t ingle , as fr om a blow , or in the r etu r n of

ci r cu lat ion after in tense cold . Aa fel t me fing-er ends

dinnel agyen .

”

DINNY , d ingy , dun colou r ed . S ee D UNNY .

We tr eadaw S heels , se dinny .

T . Thompson , (1. 1 8 16 , jemmyyoneson'

s Wher ry.

DINT , as much l and as ther e is mown in one di r ect ion at a

shar pening of the scythe .

D IP , deep .

S he’

s as dipas the deevi l , or ony dr aw-well .

J . P . R obson , Wonderful Wife.

Ba rds of the Tyne, 1 849 , p. 107 .

D IP , the downward incl ina tion of st r a ta .

Ther e is a R ise , or Ascent , for a Col l ier y unde r G r ound, andso byConsequence the contr ar y way a D ipor S ettl ing .

" —J . C Compleat Col l ier ,1 708 , p . 40.

D IP -H ITCH , a hi tch , or slip , in a bed of coa l which cast sdown the seam below the le vel a t wh ich the h i tch is found .

Gr eenwell . I t is a lso ca l led a doon-thr aa , or doon -cast, or dipper .

D IPN E S S ,depth .

“ T he well ’ s nee dipness.

D IPPER , or DOWNCAST ,a faul t in st r a ta by wh ich the

coal is th r own down to a lower level .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2 38 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

D IRT -B IRD , the skua gul l . Sever al species of small bi r dsa r e con founded under the not over -complimen ta r y t i t le of

di r t-bi rds, because they Sing on the app r oach of r a in .

W . B r ockie , L egends and S uper sti tions , p . 1 36 . M r . B r ockiemen tion s the woodpecker , the p lover , and the peacock as

r a in b i r ds . Bu t in the ca se of the skua the ter m dir t-bi rd isappl ied to it for an obvious andver y d iffer en t r eason .

D I S,DIZ

,dost , or does . D is thoo hea r me ? H e di

'

z

nowt aa ll day.

”

D I SANNUL,to inj ur e , to incommode , t o con t r ad ict , t o

con t r over t , to di spossess , to r emove .— H alliwell

’

s D iet. T he

word is st i ll in common u se .

I never disannu lledthy cow.— B r ockett

D I SGEST ,to d igest . “ H e hes a bad disgestin . I t is st i ll

common in No r thumber land .

This is a ver y common form of the word in ear ly wr iter s

H a ll iwell’

s D iet.

D I SH ,the length or por t ion of an under gr ound engine plane

nea r est to the pit bottom , upon wh ich the empty set standsbefor e being d r awn in -bye .

”

D IS H ALAG IE , or D I S H YL AG I E , the col t ’ s foot , or foal ’ sfoot , as i t is

’

often ca l led . Tussi lago farfar a , L inn. Ami spr onuncia t ion of the La t in name appa r en tly .

D I S H CLOOT , di shcloth .

For dishcloot ser ves her apr on .nu ik .

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay ,1 826 , p . 1 1 .

D I S H E AR K E N , to di shear ten .

D I SH ED , fuddled , over come wi th fa t igue or d r ink .

Her e D icky’

s tongue wadde ne ma ir ,H is wig was oi l

’

dcompletelyAndever ydr ou thy cr oney ther e

Was di sh'

danddu in up neatly.

T . W i lson , Oi l i n’o

' D icky'

s Wig , 1 826 , v . 68 .

D ISH ER ,a tur ner of wooden bowls or d ishes . Wi th in the

memor y of some st i ll l iving ( 1 886 ) ther e was a disher wor kingat M i tfor d . (Obs .)

D I SH -FYE CE D , hol low-faced .

NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S . 2 39

D I SH -PLATES , in m in ing , p la tes or r a i ls d ished to r ecei vethe fo r e wheels of a tub , to faci l ita te the teem ing — W . E .

N icholson , Coa l T r ade Gloss. , 1 888 .

B I SH T , or D E E S H T [S .] j ust tha t .

D I S N’

T , D IZ N’

T ,does not . “ H e disn

’

t knaa nowt .

D I S POR S E , to d i sbu r se ; D I S POR S E M E N T , d isbur semen t .

D ISTA , dost thou . A common col loquia l ism , as“ D ista ken

the heed o ’

the Side ? H esta , hast thou ; wasta , wer t thouista

,a r t thou ; cansta , canst thou , &c. , ar e ex amples of sim i la r

cont r actions .

D IT AR M IN , to deter mine . Aa wis ditarmin’

d to di ’d.

DITE , to sp r inkle flour .

S he for gat to el i te the g i rdle , an’

ther e’

s the kyek sittin’

on .

J . L . L uckley , Alnwick Language.

D ITH ER , to shake , to ti ngle . M a fing’

r s is dither in wi'

the

caad. S ee D i D D E R andDOTHER.

D ITH ERY -DOTH ER , the gr ass B r iza M edia . Known also asdother in dicks , ladies

’

hands, cow quakes, andquakin or tr emlin g r ass.

D IT ING , a ver y sma ll quan ti ty of meal or flou r .— B r ockett, 3 rd

ed. P r obab ly fr om the sweep ing up of flour on the boar da fter i t had been used ; the dighting .

“ Tho r wis oney a b it

deetin on’t S ee D IGHT .

D IT T E N , D ITTANY, b r oad -leaved pepper wor t , L epidiumlatifolium,

L .

Ther e is an her be wh iche ha th leaves l ike ashe leaves , ca lldD i'

ttea .

I have fou nd i t at Tinmou th Castle , wher e plentie doe g r owe upon ther ockes .

— D r . Wm Bu l lein , Book of S imples , London , 1 564 .- Q uoted i n

S . Ol iver ’

s R ambles i n Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 29 .

N ow destr oyed at Tynemou th — A N ew Flor a of Nor thumber landandDur ham— Natur a l H i story Tr ansactions , vol . i i 1 867 , p . 1 24 .

D IV ,do . Thi s for m is used when the wo r d p r ecedes a vowel

or an h mute : befor e a con sonan t , de is used .

“ D iv aa not

de’

d ivvor y day ?” “ Aw waddiv owt aa could .

T hor’

ll be a most wonder fu l change i f we di v.

” — R . El l iott , Pitman ’

s

Q uar r el .

D IVAA ,do I or I do . “ D

’

ye hea r us ? Aye , divaa .

240 NORTH UM B ERLAND W ORD S .

D IVAR T , to amuse . A per son is a lways said “ to be divar ted,never “ to be amused . D ivar sion , amu semen t .

D IVE N T , D IV’

N T , do not. S ee a lso D INNA , D I NN ET .

D IV IL , devi l . S ee DE I L .

D IVOT,tu r f ; a sod . S ee D U FF IT .

Jack Peel was a pitman , anda lso a theaker , a bu siness of some note

when the cottages on the Fel l wer e a l l cover edwi th di vots.

" —T . W i lson ,

Note to Pi tman ’

s Pay , ed. 1 843 .

DIVUS , shy , r eti r ing , moody , melancholy. She ’s a va r r ydivus bai r n .

”

D IZ , does . S ee D I S N’T .

D IZEN , to d r ess , to bed izen . D izen’

dd r essed .

D aydissens the skies .— J . P . R obson , TiptopWife, 1 870.

D OAG dog.

DOBBY ,a fool , a simpleton a si lly oldmam— R ay.

D OB -CH I CK , the l i t t le gr ebe , the sma l lest b i r d of the gr ebet r ibe. I t is cal led dob, or dab-chick, fr om its habi t of con stan tly“ dabb ing ”

or bobb ing unde r water .— Wedgwood. I t is a lso

ca l led doucher , dipper , or didapper . In N ar es’

Gloss. a lso dive

D OCKAN , or DOCKEN , the plan t R uniex obtusifolius, or the

R umex Cr ispus. T he seed ing stems a r e ca lled Cushy-coosby chi ld r en , who st r ip off the r ipe seeds in im i ta t ion of the

m i lking Of a cow. T he leaves a r e accoun ted an an tidote forthe p r icking of a st ingi ng net tle . Chi ldr en r ub the sting wi tha docken leaf, r epea t ing the wor ds , “ Net tle oot ; docken in .

S oor -docken is the R umex acteosa . T he flowery -docken i s the

Chenopodiuin bonus H enr icas.

DOCTOR, a hymenopter ous in sect tha t em i t s a dar k b r own

fluid fr om i ts mouth when caught . Thi s fluid is supposed bychi ld r en to hea l sor es .

DOD,to lop, to cu t off. Specia lly applied to the t r imm ing of

wool fr om the h ind pa r t s of a sheep .

DOD ! an exclama tion of wonder .

“ D od! but yor a queerfel low !”

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

242 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

Terms, 1 8 T he na i l s w ith a hooked head used for holdingdown t r am r a il s . S ee B IT CH H AI L . D og , used in t imber wo r k,i s an i r on bol t

,made up to about a foot in length , w i th i r on

poin ted ends . These ends a r e ben t at r ight angles to thebol t , anda r e d r iven in to the t imber wh ich they a r e r equi r edto hold together .

A wooden u tensi l in the r ude form of a dog , with i r on teeth for

toasting b r ead.

" —B r ockett.C lamps— i r ons at the ends of fi r es , to keep up the fewel . In other

places cal ledcr eeper s , or dogs.

”— R ay’

s Gloss 1 691 .

D OG-CRAB , the shor e cr ab .

D OG -DA ISY , the ox eye da isy .— Chrysanthemun leueantheni um.

D OG -H EAD , the hammer of a gu n lock .

D OG -H I PS , the fr ui t of the dog r ose , &c.— R osa eanina , &c.

D og-hips and cat-haws a r e commonly associa ted by ch i ld r en .

Cat-hows a r e hawtho r n ber r ies .

D OG -LOUP , a na r r ow Sl ip of gr ound between two houses ,on ly w ide enough for a dog to pass . “ D og

- loup Sta i r s , a

st r eet n ame in Newcastle .

T he nar r ow space a llowed for eaves dr oppings , between hou ses , isknown as a

‘dog-loup

’

(dog leap or j ump) . — John Nicholson , Folk-Speechof East Yor kshi r e, 1 889 , p . 5 .

DOGS . the dog e fish . [H oly I sland]

D OG -SH ORES , in ship launch ing , a r e the last shor es to beknocked away . They hold back the vessel on the ways .

B O ITER , to be si l ly , l ike an oldman . H e doiter edon aboot it .

D OIT E R E D , imbecile , si lly .“Yor like a doiter edaad fule.

DOLE , a dole of land is a st r ip deal t out or a llot ted , or a st r ipof pastu r e left between fur r ows of ploughed lands . S ee

DEAL .

D OL L U P , a lump or la r ge piece . T he byel dollup.

DOLLY , a clothes washing stick , made with feet , bu t otherwisel ike a poss -st ick.

DOLLY , a con t r ivance a t tached to a cha inmaker’

s an v i l forp r essing the l ink after i t is welded . A mach ine for punch ingi r on

A punching dolley , 16hcwts.—~ Inventory of WallsendColl i ery , 1 848 .

NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S . 243

DOLPH IN , a moo r ing post in a r iver .

DON,in p lace-names , a h i ll ; sometimes den , as Wa rden-law,

wher e law has been added pleonast ica l ly . D on occur s upwa r dsof fifty

-seven t imes in N or thumber land place-names .

DON , to put on , or do on . D onned, d r essed . S ee DOFF.

S he’

s r eady donned, l ike W i lly H o'

s (Hal l’

s) dog .— OldS aying .

D ONCH , fa st id ious , over -n ice , squeam ish , especia l ly applied toone who has been d r unk over n ight .— H alliwell

’

s D iet. S ee

DENCH .

DONCY , DONSY , fat , puffed up,impor tant , un lucky (Sca r ce .)

That donsie laddie , Bi ll ie Br own .

Poems, F . Donaldson , G lanton . p . 4 .

DONK , dank , moist , hum id .

D O N K I N D A L E DANK -IN -DALE , DUNCAN -DYEL ,

hum id i ty r ising in the even ing in the hol low pa r ts of

meadows . A r aw m ist on the wa ter . I t is di fficult to exp lainth is peculia r wo r d ; bu t a key to i ts mean ing is poss ibly foundin “ down come ,

”a ver y

'

common expr ession for a sudden fa llof r a in . D yel i s to div ide , to par t asunder , j ust as a suddenfog would shut out the v iew

S wa sodan ly he sal doun come.—Hampole , d. 1 349 , Pr icke of Conscience,

l ine

DONNAT , D ON N IT , D ON OT , DONN ERT , DONNERD ,

a wi ld , pur poseless , wan ton one . D onnat (dow naught) , tha tis , th r ive not. D aw or D ow

,to th r ive .

“ H e nei ther deesnor daws

, tha t is, be nei ther dies nor mends . H e’

l l neverdow

,

” tha t is , he w il l never be good .— R ay

’

s Gloss. , 1 691 . I tis often applied to one wi th wan t of per ception ; natu r a l lystup id . She ’ s a poor

,silly

,donner t body .

”

W or awdist lass , J inny, the slee wi tch in doua i t,H adcoaxedhe r audminn ie te buy her new stays .

W . H . D . , The Pi tman ’

s T i ckor .

Allan'

s Col lecti on , 1 86 3 , p . 352 .

Janet thoo danot, I ’

l l lay my best bonnetThou gets a new gude man afor e it be n ight.

R ober t S u r tees , Death of F eather stonehaugh .

DOO , a l i t tle cake , often made in shape l ike a ch ild .“ A

yu ll doo.

” Cor ney doos. A cr oppy -dow.

DOOK , a ba the .

“ H e ye hada dook yit ?

244 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

DOOK,to cl ip or to duck over head in water , to dive . Al so to

duck the head to a void a m i ssle Compar e JOOK .

Paydfor the doukinge stou l l 1 2s. (ducking stool) .— GatesheadChu r chBooks, 1628

Aw’

ddook her in wor engine powen ,

T . W i lson , Pitman ’

s Pay , 1 826 , pt . i . , v . 64 .

DOOL, a cr amp pin . S ee DOW E LL .

DOOL , DOLE , DEUL , g r ief, woe . Sometimes used as an

in ter jection . S ee D E U L L .

God sh i lde you fr om a ll doole and S hem — W . Bul lein , R edesdale

Beggar . 1 564

O dool ,’

quo he ,‘ how can I thr ive !’

James P r oudlock , Cuddi e andhis Gr awin'H en .

DOON,DOWN , to th r ow down .

“W e down’

dbyeth h im andDavy-o .

J . S elki r k , d. 1 843 , S walwell Hopping .

DOON , down . S ee note on ow, unde r Coo .

H 0 l i zzen , aw ye neighbor s r oun ,

Yor clapper s haudandp ipes lay doonI

'

ve hada swagger th r ough the toon .

W . M idfor d, Pitman’

s R amble, 1 8 1 8 .

DOON -BY , a long , or nea r by. Will ye be doon-by thi neetAa

’

s gaan doon-by .

D OON CAS T , DOWNCAST , in a downwa r d di r ect ion .

W . E. N icholson , Coal T r ade Gloss.,1 888 , under downcast.

D OON CAS T , or DOWNCAST SH AFT , the Shaft by wh ichthe a i r en ter s the m ine , as the “ upcast is tha t by wh ichr etu r n a i r i s di schar ged .

D OON CAS T , DOWNCAST , a“ t r ouble , o r dyke , or di s

loca t ion of the st r a ta or“ faul t by wh ich a seam of coa l

and its associa ted beds a r e ca st down t o a lower level . S ee

D IPP ER , DOON -T H R AA ,D IP -H ITCH .

DOON -COM E , DOWNCOM E , a descen t . Gener a lly appl iedto r educed ci r cumstances . H e

’

s had a sai r doon-come, poo rbody .

” A lso a hea vy fa ll of r a in o r snow . I t ’ S sic a doon

come as aa n ivver saa 1’

me l ife .

” T he down p ipe for r ainwater ih a house fr on t .

DOON -DAD, a puff of smoke com ing in to the r oom fr om the

chimney .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

246 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

DOOSE , D OVVS E ,to bea t , to slap , to flap. Aa

’

l l doose yor

j acket fo r ye — I wi ll thr ash you soundly . S he gav him a

r eg lu r doosin.

B OOSEY-CAP ,the pun ishmen t inflicted in a boys ’ game ,

wher e the vict im is compelled to r u n the gaun t le t th r ough twor anks , each boy in wh ich stands r eady , cap in hand , to g i vea bat wi th i t as the object of the game r un s pa st .

DOOT , doubtThor ’

s mony a voice that is welcome , nee doot,B ut the bonn iest soondthat aa knaa i s Lowp oot.

’

S ong , Howdon for 7ar r ow.

B OOTIN , doubt ing .

DOR , fea r , numbness as the r esult of t r ep ida t ion . Aw was iva par fit dor a t the t ime — I was in a pe r fect sta te of fear , o rpa r a lyzed wi th fea r .

DOR dar e, a var ian t of dar . Aa dor bet ye owt i t wi l l ,

noo .

D OR D U M , D IRDUM , a g r eat noi se , upr oar . See DI RDUM .

DORG , a day’s wor k . S E E DARG .

DORL , to shake , to v ibr ate. S ee D I RL .

DOR-L INE , the line used for catch ing macke r el .

DORM ANT , the la r ge beam lying acr oss a r oom , a j oi st .H all iwell

’

s D iet.

For r enewing ou r dormand, 205 .— Tr in ity House Accounts , 1 550.

R . W elford, H i st. of Newcastle X VI . Cent p . 273 .

S ometimes calleda sleeper .— Todd.

D OR N E T , da r e not.

“ Aa dor net gan hyem for me l ife — James Ho r sley, Geordy an’

the

S over eign , 1 883 .

D OR S N’

T , da r e not.

Folks dor sei i t say owt tiv him .-E d. Cor van , Fi r e on the Q uay , 1 854 .

DORST , du r st . L et him come to me i f he dor st, noo .

DORT , di r t . H e’

s aal ower muck an’

dor t.

NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S . 247

DORTY di r ty , concei ted , con tempt ible . H or , an hor dor typ r ide ! “ She ’ s a dor ty body . Also wet and stor my ,appl ied to the weathe r . I t

’

s a dor ty neet .”

T he hear th is a’

wi'

cinder s str ewn ,

T he floor wi ’ dor ty duds .

”

T . W i lson , The Washing D ay .

B OSOME , hea lthy , wi th p r omi se of imp r ovemen t in it, as a

dosome beast — a bea st l ikely to tu r n out wel l .

DOSSY , dull , not br ight ; applied to seeds . Soft , not cr isp .

B r ockett. Compar e D E AS E D .

DOTH ER , DODDER , D ITH ER , D IDDER , to shake , t oqu ive r , to t r emble wi th age , to shake wi th cold .

Ham’

s mother dother edl ike a duck.

J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, Homlich, Pr i nce 0‘ Denton .

DOTH ER , to clean away the d ir ty wool fr om near the tails ofsheep . S ee D OD

,1,andDODDER , 1 .

D OT H E R IN -D ICKS , common quaking gr a ss , B r iza media .

D OT H E R S , the Spergula ar vensis. Ca lled a lso yawr .

D OT H E R Y , shaky .

“ Aa canna wr i te ; me hand’ s se dothery

th i day.

DOTTLE , the tobacco left at the bottom of a pipe aftersmok ing . In r efil ling a pipe , wher e twi st is smoked , a

common p r actice is to save the dottle andput it on the top ofthe new-filledp ipe Aw l ike a baccy dottle to leet wiv .

DOUBLE -CH UCKERS , two of a kind ; twin s .

DOUBLE -DUTCH , un in tell igi ble ta lk . Ye taakdouble-D utch,coiled agyen the su n —sa id of a ch ild or of any one speakingind istinct ly. Compar e GAL i c.

DOUBLE -H ANDED GEAR , heavy d r i lling tools wh ichr equir e two men to u se them .

—M ining Gloss. N ewcastle Terms,1 852 .

DOUBLER , a pla t ter , a la r ge d i sh , plate , or how] . (Obs .)S ee D U E BL E R .

DOUBLE -TRAM , a t r am in a pit when wor ked by a heed ’ sman and foaleys

—that is, by mor e tha t a single putter .

248 NORTH UM BERLAN D W ORD S .

DOUBLE -WORKING , in a pit , wher e mor e than one man is

put to wor k in any one wor k ing place — M ining Gloss. N ewcastle

Terms, 1 852 .

DOUBTSOME doub tful . S he may pull th r ough ; but aa’s

va r r y dootsome.

D OU F , D OU F E Y , low -sp i r ited . H e wis va r r y doufey . T hela tte r wo r d is sounded as douf-vey . S ee DOW F .

D OU FY , damp , hum id , wet.

DOUP , the buttocks .Yo r canny dowp is fat and r oond.

— R . Nunn , d. 1 85 3 , S andgate Wife'

s

Nur se S ong .

DOUP , to dump , or thump , especia lly on the hinder pa r t .H er e , lads , let

’ s doup him.

”

D OU P IN , a th r a sh ing . Aal l g i’

ye a good doupin .

DOUR,har d , sour -looking . That ’ s a dour lookin ’

chep .

D innet leuk dour i t u s.

J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, S ang 0'

S olomon , oh i . , v . 6

DOUSE -THE -ODD -U N , the game of F r ench tag .

DOVER , the wa te r in which a sa lmon has been boi led , ser vedup as sauce fo r the fish . [Ber wick .]

DOVER ,to go l ight ly to s leep , to fa ll in to a dose.

“ She ’ s j ustdover

’

d,s il ly th ing .

” D inna scr anch on the floo r ; yor fethor’

s

j ust dover ’

i .”

Aa dover edower .

”

DOW,dea r U sed in a ffectiona te add r ess . (Obs .)

M y D ow, quo she , the

’

r e wond'

r ous bonnyM y D ow (quo she) , i t

'

s ver y str ange.

G . S tuar t, f oco-S er i ous D i scour se, 1686 , pp 24 , 26 .

DOW , to be ab le to. (Scar ce .)As mickle as fou r 0

’

thei r’

b r a idbacks dow bear A rmstr ang .

D OVVE L L ,DOO -E L , an i r on or wooden cr amp ing or fa stening

bo lt . T he wooden p in s tha t connect the fel l i es in a ca r twheel a r e ter med , by ca r pen ter s , dooled. D uelledis a lso appl iedto a pin used by cooper s to keep the edges of the staves fr oms tar t ing .

A D oi i l— a na i l shar peneda t each end; a wooden pin or plug to fastenplanks with — H al l iwel l

’

s D i et.

In min ing , an i r on bol t sometimes u sed in pu tting ma in b r attice

together ; a por tion of the bolt being let into the under plank , and the

r ema inder passing in to a hole in the upper p lank .

"- G r eenwel l .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

250 NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S .

D OWPY , the youngest ch i ld , the youngest of ai hatching of

bi r ds .A dowpy wife (that is , a lady in the fami ly way) .

J . P . R obson ,

“ Pawnshop i n a B leeze.

Ba rds of the Tyne, 1 849 , p 340.

DOWSE . S ee DOOSE , 2 .

D OWTOR , daughter .

Like a l ily’mang thor ns is maw love amang the dowtor s

J . P . R obson , d. S ang 0’

S olomon , Nor thumber landver sion , ch i i . , v . 2 .

DOXY , a sweethear t , in an innocen t sen se.— H a lliwell .

DOZEN, a galloway

’s load of pollings ofbi r ch andalder,var ying

fr om ten to a hund r ed in number .—Ba i ley ’ s View of Ag r icultur e

in County of D ur ham.

D OZ Z E N E D , w ithout spi r i t or ener gy ; dazed . T he wor dhas much the same mean ing as dazed, which is, benumbed , asfr om cold or fr ight , a condi t ion in wh ich the spi r i t , or l ife , orsap has gone out of a per son or thing . Compa r e DAZE

,

D E AS E D , andDEA S Y .

T he joiner s a ' p in ’

d in w1 dr outh ,

S h r unk up to spelks , anddozzen'

d.

T . W i lson,The Oi l in

’

o' D icky

’

s Wig , 1 826 .

DOZZLE, the tobacco left at the bot tom of a pipe andput on

the top of the ne x t fill . N eebody can smoke twi st withouta dozzle. S ee DOTTLE .

DOZZLE , a pa ste flower on top of a pie cover— the st r awo r n amen t on top of a stack.

DRAA,to wind coal ei ther a long the wor kings or in the Shaft.

A lso to r emove pr ops in a pit.

D r aa me to the shaft , it’

s time to gan hyem.

Old S ong , TheColl i'

er’

s R ant.

D R AAS ,d r awer s . A kist o ’

dr aas — a chest of d r awer s .

DRAA -TO, or D R AW T S , a home in wan t .

M y father , poor man , has l i ttle of th is wor ld’

s gear , bu t h is house is

a kind dr awts for his bai r ns when they stand in need of a home.

”

Hodgson M S .

NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S . 25 1

D R AAIN A JUD , b r ing ing down the face of coal , p r eviouslyset fr ee to fa l l , by wi thd r awing the sp r ags after ki r ving . In

m in ing pa r lance , ‘dr aain a j ud ’a lso mean s the r emova l of

the t imber or p r ops after the coal has been taken away inwha t is ter med a b r oken l ift , and is a danger ous , if not the

most danger ous wo r k tha t a deputy is ca lled upon to do inh is dai ly dut ies in the pit or m ine .

” “ Nor thumb r ian ,

”in

Weekly Chr onicle, Aug . 10, 1889 .

B RAAK , DRAK ,D R AU K [N .] D R OAK [W .

-T .] to satur a te .

Also to absor b any l iquid or dr y i t up wi th a dr y medium .

Pu t a bi t 0’

whiten in on the Oi l an’dr aak

’

t up .

M e heed’

s dr aekt wi’weet .

— J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, S ang of S olomon ,

Nor thumber landver sion , Ch . v . , v . 2 .

A finer kind of bar ley meal , ca l led, by way of distinction ,flou r , is

sometimes dr auked wi th mi lk , and made into th in , cr isp cakes or

biscu its .

”— S . O l i ver , R ambles i n Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 1 60.

DRAFT-NET, a salmon net for r iver fish ing . S ee D R I FT

N ET.

DRAG , a r ake for d r awing out li tter fr om ca t tle lair s andotherplaces . S ee HACK .

DRAG , the scen t left by an otter on his t r ack over the land .

DRAG , a sp r ag of wood thrust between the spokes of a wheelto act as a b r ake .

DRAG ,in min ing , the fr ict ion of the a ir on the su r face of the

passages in wh i ch i t t r avels .— W . E . N icholson ,Coal T r ade

Gloss. , 1 888.

DRAK , or DRUCK , drank , thep.t. of dr ink.

DRAP , a d r opW hen Cheviot tap pu ts on his cap,

0’r a in we

’

ll he’

a wee b it dr apNor th Nor thumber landPr over b.

DRAPE , a fa r r ow cow, or cow whose m ilk is d r ied up . D r apesheep , the r efuse sheep of a flock .

— R ay’

s Collection ,1 691 .

(Obs.) S ee E i L D andG E LD .

DRAUGH T ,the wo r st sheep “ d r awn , o r culled out fr om a

flock.

“ D r aught ewes . In par t s of England these ar e called

DRAW. See DRAA.

252 NORTHUM BERLAND W ORD S .

D R AW D -NAIL ,a flat-poin ted na il. [Win la ton term .] (Obs .)

D R E AP ,DREEP , to dr ip .

" M aa’

s heed‘

s dr eepi n wi dew.— J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, S ang 0

'

S olomon , Newcastle ver sion , Ch . v . , v . 2 .

D r eeping pannes .

" —Inventor y of S i r W i l liam R eade .— R aine

’

s Nor thDur ham, p . 1 78 .

DREDGE -SUM P,a set tl ing hole , th r ough which wa ter is

pa ssed on its way to a pump , in wh ich gr i t , &c. ,i s lodged ,

and so p r even ted fr om en ter ing the pump .

DREE, a Sledge or ca r t wi thout wheels . On the author i ty of

the R ev . John H odgson , it appear s (H odgson M S .) tha t dr eescon t inued in u se in Nor thumber land t il l as la te as 1 760

-70.

DREE , to suffer , to bear , to endur e .

W hatever may be her pun ishmen t in the next wor ld, she cer ta in lydr eeda heavy penance in th is.

"— R icha rdson’

s TableBook , Legenda ry D iv

vol . i 1 842 , p . 36 .

H e lugbe never , ne made b lythe cher e ,For dr ede of dede that he most efte dr eghe.

Hampole , d. 1 349 , Pr i cke of Conscience, 1.N or ever shall I wedbu t herThat ’

s done anddr ee‘

dso much for me

Lor dBeicham.

DREE,DR I E

,d r ead , to d r ead .

Alas ! he’

l l doe you dr ie andteene .

Ba l lad,Nor thumber landBetr ayedby Douglas.

T he’

Engl ish louns may hear , anddr ee.

“

f ock o’

the S ide.

Ye ’ll dr ee the deeth ye

’l l n ivver dee

Nor thumber landPr over b.

DREE, long , seeming ted ious beyon d e xpecta t ion , spoken of a

way. A ha r d ba r gainer , spoken of a per son .— R ay ,

1 69 1 .

(Sca r ce .)

DREED , to d r ead . Aa’

s dr eedin the war st , h inney .

DREED,d r ead , fear . Aa

’

ve a par fit dr eedon’

t .

T he day of dr ede

Hampole , d. 1 349 ,Pr icke of Consci ence.

W eive thy lu sts , and let thy ghost thee lede ,And tr ou th thee shal l del iver , it i s no dr ede.

”

Chau cer , GoodCounsa i l .D R E E D F U L , d r eadful .

DREEP , to d r op , to d r ip . D r eepin wet — d r ipping wet. S eeD R E AP .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

254. NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

DROOK , DROUK , to drench with water .

“ H e wis oot iv aa

tha t r a in an’

gat dr ookedti the skin .

” Compa r e DOOK , 2 , andD R AAK .

Dr ouk, to dr ench , to soak, to besmear .— B r ockett.

D R OON D , to d r own (p.t. dr and) . D r oonded is also a commonfor m of the pa st ten se .

D R OON E D -OOT , appl ied to a colliery tha t has become fi lledwith water.

D R OOT , d r ought ; D R OOTY , droughty. See D R OOT H .

D R OOT H , th ir st .W e

’

l l not wyest ower dr ams anddr outh .

Pi tman ’s Pay , pt. i i i . , v . 60

D R OOT H Y , th ir sty.

DROP , the ar r angemen t at a coa l sta i th by wh ich a waggon islet down to the level of a S h ip ’ s ha tchway .

DROP ,used in the imper a t ive mood fo r stop . D r op that is

the usual per emptor y or der to stop doing anything .Ye cr ipple ! j ust dr opyor fondgob .

J . P . R obson , d. 1 870, M awWonderful Wife.

DROP ,a t r ick , a su r p r ise .

“Wha t a dr op t”— that is , wha t asu r p r i se. A r educt ion of wages . Thor gan in at the dr op .

”

DROP -DRY , water -t ight , said of a bu ild ing well secur ed in ther oof.— B r ockett.

DROPPY,shower y. “ I t ’s fai r yenoo , but st il l dr oppy l ike .

DROPS , the common name for fuchs ia .

DROP -STAPLE , a staple (shaft) down wh ich coals a r e lower edfr om one seam to another .

DROUK,to d r ench , to soak. S ee D R AAK.

D R OVE N , d r i ven , as w ith for ce of ci r cumstances . She ’ s beenfa i r dr oven t o deeth , poor body .

”D r oven or dr uven is used as the

p.p. of dr ive. M ony a day hev aa dr oven the gin-

g an .

DROVE -WORK , the manner of facing bu ild ing stones wi th a

ch isel , as d ist inguished fr om b r oached wor k .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 255

D R U BBY , muddy .—N or thumber land.

—H alliwell , eleven th ed.

S ee D R U VY.

DRUCK , o r DRAK , p.i . of dr ink ; p.p. dr ueken.

“ H e dr uck halfa ga llon a t a si tt in .

DRUM LY , muddy , thick. 7 ummley or jawty is used in exactlythe same sen se .

For r ight or wr ang he made nae matter ,S o he cou ldfish in dr umly watter .

"

G . S tuar t, 70co-S er ious D iscour se, 1686 .

DRUMMOCK , meal andwa ter m ixed— B r ockett.

D R U N D , p.p of dr own.

Al thai dr und in the se .

Cur sor M undi— Visi t of the Wise M en .

DRUNKARD ’S CLOAK , a tub wi th holes in the Sides for thea r ms to pass th r ough , the head appea r ing th r ough a holemade in the end, wh ich r ested on the shoulde r s . I t was thusin fo rmer t imes used in Newca stle for the pun ishmen t of

d r unka r ds and other s , who wer e led th r ough the str eet s inth is st r ange gui se .

D R U V p.t. of dr ive ; p.p. dr uven.

“ H e dr uv us ower iv his g ig .

S he 3 been ower ha r d dr uven.

D R U VY , d i r ty ; l i ter a l ly , t r oubled as wa ter i s t r oubled . D r ovy ,

o r t r oubled wa ter,is spoken of by Chaucer .

Ayon t yon dar k an’

dr uvy r iver .

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay, 1 829 , pt. i i i . , v . 1 23

DRY , not d iluted ; genuine , unadul ter ated .

DRY , a divi sion in a qua r r y or stone wher e i t can be pa r ted .

DRY -ASK , a lizar d , or a wa ter newt when found in a dr y p lace .

S ee AS K.

D ry-asks an

’

tyeds she chu r ish’

d.

J . P . R ob son , H amlick , Pr i nce 0’ Denton , pt. i i . , 1 849 .

DRY D I KE , a stone fence , bu il t wi thout l ime— tha t is , withdr y stones on ly .

D U B , a di r ty pool . A lso a sti ll , deep place in a st r eam . H e

floonder edamang the dubs — tha t i s , he spla shed andstumbledin the puddles . In Whi t tle Dene ther e is a deep pool calledthe whorl dub.

256 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORDS .

DUBB IN , the d r egs of fish oi l , used for soften ing leather . An

angler ’ s ba i t .

BUBBLER , or DUBLER , a lar ge di sh .

T wo pewter dubler s , two copper basins , and a pottle pot .—W i l l of

H . Yowton ,1 58 1 .

- R icha rdW elford, H ist. of Newcastle, vol . i i i p . 9.

T he platter s , dabbler s, andthe del f.”

Oldsong , Descr iption of S andgate.

D U BE R OU S , D U BE R S OM E , doubtful .

D U B -SKELPER , a hog t r otter .

Like a dub-skelper he tr otted.

T . Wh ittle , The M idfordGalloway’

s R amble.

Bell ’s R hymes, 1 81 2 , p . 1 75 .

D U CCOT , or P IGEON -D U CCOT , a dovecot .A waste cal led a duckett lying wi thin the castle of Newcastle

R . W elford, H ist. of Newcastle i n X VI . Cent p . 498 .

DUCK-AND -DRAKE , the game Of th r owing flat stones onwa ter which tip the sur face in thei r fl ight . F r om th i s gamepr obably o r igina ted the ph r ase of making ducks anddr akes of

one’ s money— tha t is , spending it fooli sh ly .— H al liwell

’

s D iet.

DUCKEY , a d r ink ; gener ally used in ch i ld talk.“ D is thoo

wan t a duckey , h inny

DUCK-STONE , a game played wi th smooth water-wor nstones , cal led ducks.

DUDS , clothes ; appl ied gener a lly to wo r king clothes .Dadds. A r ag ; cloth ing of an infer ior kind.

" —R ev . Canon G r eenwell ,Gloss. to the Boldon Buke

T he duds th r awn on , the b r eakfast tyen ,

They’

r e r eady for another star t .

"

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt . v . 17 .

C lad in hard labou r ’

s hyemly dudsT . W i lson , Death of Coaly .

B UDD IN , an outfi t of clothes ; a sui t of clothes .I packedup al l my duddin

R . G i lch r ist, A Voyage to London ,

M y flannel duddin donned, thr ice o’

er ,

M y b i rds ar e kissed, and then

I with a wh istle shu t the doorI may not ope agai n .

"

705 . S kipsey .

DUDDY, r agged .

“ A duddy laddy is a r agged boy.

“ H e

put on his duddiest clothes .”

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

258 NORTH UMB ERLAND WORD S .

DUMPY , sullen , di scon ten ted , in the dumps .

DUN , a yel lowi sh b r own colou r . Adnn hor se ,

” “a dun mar e ,

a dun cow.

”

John R ead, char ged W i th the steal ing of one Dunn mar e .— Calendar

of Pr isoner s at Newcastle, 1627 .

DUNCH , to knock again st ; to nudge.

T o dunch peop le off is most r ascal ly mean .

S impson’

s Fa i lur e.

”M ar shall

’

s S ongs , 1 827 , p . 1 82 .

S omebodydunchedhis a i rm .

Geordy'

s Last, 1 878 , p . 9 .

D U N D E R H E E D , a blockhead ; a s impleton .“ Wha t ’ s the

dunder heedmyedon’

t ?

DUNGEN , DUNG (thep.p. of ding ) , d r iven or knocked aboutw ith v iolence . S ee D ING .

G iff ony be tane wi th the loaf of a ha lpenny in bu r gh ,he aw th r ou

the toun to be dangyu . And for a ha lpenny to i i ij penys wo r th , he aw

to be mar fayr ly dangyu .

”— Fr ag . Vet. , quotedby D r . M u r r ay, S cotti sh

D ialects, p . 32 .

They’

ddung my puer har ns ou t .— G . S tuar t , f oco-S er ious D iscour se,

1 686 , p. 35 .

Aa thowt he’

d a dungen doon the door , he cam wi sic bats on'

t .

D U NGE ONABL E . A dungeonable body ; a sh r ewd per son ;or , as the vulgar exp r ess it , a divelish fel low . As Ta r tar usS ign ifies hel l , and a dungeon ; so dungeon is applied to both .

R ay’

s Collection, 1 691 .

DUNG -TEAZER, the A r ct ic skua gul l , S ki ia long icaudus ,

~B r isson.

DUNK , damp , dank . S ee DON K andD ON K i N D AL E .

DUNNY , dar k-colou r ed , smoke-beclouded , and, so , of a dunColou r ed a spect .

Tyneside seemedcladwiv bonny ha'

s ,

An’

fu r naces sae dunny .

”

T . Thompson , d. 1 8 16 , j’emmy 7 oneson

’

s Wher ry .

Come th ick n ight ,Andpal l thee in the di innest smoke of hell .

M acbeth. i . , 5 .

D U N S TANBOR OU GH -D IAM OND , a name popula r ly givento the cr ystals occa siona lly found n ea r D u nstanbor oughCast le on the coa st ; and appl ied p r over b ia lly to the youngerb r anches of fema les belonging to tha t local i ty .

— M . A .

Denham , F olk-lor e of N or thumber land, 1 858 , p . 44 .

NORTH U MBERLAND WORD S . 259

DUNT , to st r ike or give a blow on the backside . Th is was afa vou r ite custom among schoolboys , who held up the vict imby legs and a i ms and st r uck the nether pa r t of the per sonagai n st a stone .

DUNT , bad coa l , m iner al char coa l ; any imper fect ion in thequa li ty of a seam of coa l . —B r ockett.

DUNT -ABOOT , a per son i ll -used , made a conven ience of, orkn ocked about . “ Aye , poor thing , she

’s a fa i r dunt-aboot.”

DUNTER , a por poise.

DURANCE , ver y st r ong , endu r ing ma ter ia l . (Obs.)An upper body of du r anee, pa i r of new black hose , anda new apr on of

dur ance.

”— W i l l of W i l l iam G r ey, M i ller , Newcastle — R ichardW el for d,

H ist. of N ewci stle, vol . i i i . , p . 32 .

DURKE,to laugh— N or thumber land.

— H all iwell’s D iet. (Obs .)

DURR , numb .— B r ockett.

DUSH ,to th r ust , to st r ike . (Obs .)

F or thar e sal be swylk r ar yng and r uschyng ,

And r awmpyng of deeveles anddynggyng andduschyng .

Hampole , M S . Bowes, p . 2 14 .

DUST IN, a th r ashing , a h iding. Aa

’

ll g i ye s ic a dustin as’

ll

ga r ye sca r t where it’

s not yucky. Compa r e wi th DU S H .

DUSTY-M ILLER,a humb le bee tha t lea ves on the hand ,

when taken hold of, a l ight dust . T he plan t Aur icula .

D U Z Z Y ,d izzy , giddy , fool ish .

“ Ye duzzy beggor , wha t a r e

ye deein M e heed W is qui te duzzy.

”

DWALM , a sl ight i llness , a fa in t fi t . “ H e tyuk a kind 0’

dwam, l ike .

”

DWALM -OFF,to doze off to sleep , to go off in to a fain t .

Ah dwalmedoff to sleep. —D r . Embleton M S .

D WAM Y , fain t .Bet tor neddwamy , l ike to fal l .

J . P . R obson , d 1 870, BettyBeesley.

DW INE,to p ine away , to dwindle .

Cattle (twin ing away u nder the power of witchcr aft. — T . W i lson ,

Note to Newcastle andCa r l i sle R a i lway ,1 838 .

A flou r , that es fayr e to se

Than son atti r that i t es for th b r oght,W elkes anddwynes ti l i t be noght ,

Hampole , d. 1 349 , Pr i cke of Conscience (M or r is) , 1 704 .

2 60 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

D W IN E Y , sickly , i l l- th r iven , dwindling th r ough i llness .

Ther e was dwiney l ittle Peg , not se n immel 1 the leg .

W . M idford Pi tman '

s S kellyscope, 1 8 1 8 .

M en a r e se dwiney noo -a-days.

W‘ Ol iver , (1 1 848 , The Lament

D W IN IN , a decl ine , a consumpt i ve sta te , fr om dwine. “ S he

tyuk a dwinin , poo r th ing .

”

DYEL , DEAL , DALE , DOLE , to divide , to appor tion .

D yel smaa l an’ sar ve aal .

”H ence a dyel of land is a

por tion d ivided , a llot ted , o r dealt out to the occup ier .

T he tan bad dele the chi ld in tua.— Hampole , d 1 349 , Pr icke of

Conscience.

DYEL , DALE , a dea l boar d . S ee T H i L L .

Bu t heavy pu ttin'

s now for gotten .

S ic as we had i’

former days ,

Ower holey thi l l anddyels a’

spletten ,

T r ams now a’

r un on metal ways

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt . v . 67 .

D YE M, dame .

W i ll wakenedup the dr owsydyem.

T . W i lson , Pi tman ’

s Pay , pt . i i i v . 1 29 .

DYE -SAND , och r aceous sand p r oduced by pul ver izing a softsandstone . I t s b r ight colou r makes i t a favou r i te a r t icle forwa shing over stone floo r s o r steps .

DYKE . S ee D I KE .

DYUN , done (p.t. of do) . Often g i ven a s du in . D yu i i updone up , or exhausted . In Nor thumber land , gener a lly , thewor d is sounded as de-

yu ri on Tyneside a s dyun .

Aw wonder when they wi l l be du in .

T . W i lson , Pi tman '

s Pay , pt. i i i v . 28 .

D YVOU S , moody , melancholy . S ee D IVU S .

EACH , an adze. S ee EDGE .

BALD ,old, also age.

— H alliwell’

s D iet. (Obs .)

E AL D R E N , elderly.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

262 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

EAT-O U T . Thi s exp r ession is appl ied when a level coa ld r ift is tu r ned to the dip, in or der to take advan tage of (oreat-out) a r i se h itch .

—Gr eenwell .

E BB , shallow ; an exp r ess ion r efer r ing both to the depth of

shafts and st r a ta .

T he coa l l ies ver y ebb .

"— Hugh M il ler , Geology of Otter bur n and

E lsdon .-Geolog ica l S u r vey M emoi r , 1 887 .

E CKY ,sor r y. Aw wadbe eeky .

-B r ockett, th i r d edi t ion .

EDDER,an adder . S ee ETH ER .

E D D L E , money ear ned . E D D L E , to ear n . S ee ADDLE .

S avin '

s goodeddle.—Pr over b.

E D D L E , put r id wa te r— N or thumber land.-H alliwell

’

s D iet.

EDGE , a r idge , or r im of gr ound , gener a lly an escar pmen t .H ugh M i ller , Geology of Otter bur n and E lsdon.

— Geolog ical

S u r vey M emoi r , 1 887 . Ther e a r e twen ty-one p lace-names inNor thumber land in to wh ich edge en ter s (Bidd leston -edge,&c.) —J . V . G r ego r y , A r che olog ia E liana , vol . ix. , p . 64 . S ee

under DODD .

EDGE , EADS , an adze .

ED I E , or EDOM , Adam .

E dam0’ Gordon .

-Per ey Bal lads.

E D OM’

S NEEDLE , ADAM’S NEEDLE , or SH EPH ERD

’ SNEEDLE , the S candix pecten vener is. Ca lled a lso Witch’

s

needle, and D eil’

s da r nin needle.

E E ,eye . EEN , eyes .

Come to me , ma l ittle lammy ,

Come ,thou apple o ’ma e

’

e.

"

Thomas W i lson , Pitman '

s Pay , 1 826 , pt. i . , v . 92 .

F e is a lso appl ied to an or ifice , such as the hole in a p ick or

hamme r , o r a gr indstone . T he mi ll -ee, the or ifice in the

ca sing of m i l l -stones wher e the flour is con veyed in to thespout or the channel hole by wh ich water passes on tothe wheel of a wa ter m i ll .

T he mousey she cam to the M i ll ee, to the M i ll ee, to the M i ll cc;T he mou sey she cam to the M i l l ee.

Cuddy a lone ah' me .

T he mou sey she cam to the M i ll cc. ther e the fr oggy for to see

K i ck m ’

lear y , cowden dan , C uddy a lone an’ me .

OldNor thumber landR hyme.

NORTH UM BERLAND W ORD S . 263

Well -ee, the mouth of a wel l . K i ln -cc, the o r ifice in a

l ime ki ln fr om wh ich the l ime is dr awn . T he p r onuncia t ionis gener a lly cc-uh, ee- ih ; p lu r a l , ee-yen. S ee a lso E YE .

That sight he sal so wi th gastly egbe.

Hampole , d 1 349 , Pr icke of Conscience.

M or r i s, l ine

E E ! an exp r ession of del ight or wonder men t .

E E ,you . I t wis ee ’

at did it — I t was you who did i t.

E E -BREE,the eyeb r ow .

I wou ldthe faem wer e ower my face ,

O r the mools on my ee-br ee.

A . C . S winbu r ne , Tyneside Widow, 1 888 .

BECHY , i tchy .

EEL . S ee EALE .

EEL -BEDS , the wa ter cr ow Ot , R anunculus aquatil i s.

BELD , to yield . Hoo much is the coo eeldin P

E E L E IT E , E L E AT OR , EELY-EELY-ITE , EELY-EELYATOR , va r ious names for a smal l eel . A boy who puts offhis clothes , bu t fea r s to bathe , is con temptuously ca lled an

eely-eely

-ite.Eely-eely-ator , cast you r tai l in a knot

And I’

l l thr aw ye into the wa itor .

"

'

j‘uven i le R hyme.

EEL -WARE , the p lan t R anunculus fluitans. Compare E E LBED S .

EEN , eyes .

EER , year .

BERAND, an er r and , a j ou r ney . H e wen t ance eer and

for ’d — he wen t a special jou r n ey or er r and for it.

BE T [S .] i t. Aa seed eet mesel .

BETH , easy —N or thumber land.—H a l liwell

’

s D iet.

W her e ease abownds yt’

s eat/i to doe amis .

S penser , Faer i e Q ueene, 11 i i i . , 40.

E E Z , a fo r m of his. So sounded in such sen tences as“ H im

an’

eez n ew fangles . When i t occu r s , however , as i n the

ph r ase , “ I f he comes he r e agyen W i’

keez new fangles ,”the

aspi r a te is st r ongly ma r ked .

264 NORTH UM BERLAN D WORD S .

EFA, a sma l l , d im inut ive per son . H e

’

s nowt bu t an efa .

EFTER, afte r .

EIDENT,indust r ious .

EIG H T , e ighth . P r ouncedcit.

This is the seevent o r eight.—Thomas Bewick , The Howdy , ed. 1 850,

p . 1 1 .

EIGH -WYE , equ iva len t to “ Wel l -you -know . A colloquia lexpr ession somet imes used to exp r ess ind iffe r ence or r eg r et .“ E ighwye ! i t canna be helped .

”E igh

-wye! tyek yor aan

way wi’

d.

”

EILD,wi thout m ilk . E i ldg immer s , ei ldewes . — Auctioneer ’ s

adver t isemen t , N ewcastle D a i ly j our nal , Ap r i l 23 , 1 887 . T he

ter m is appl ied to a bar r en ewe , or to one tha t has m i ssedha v ing a lamb ; bu t mor e fr equen tly to a cow a fter she has

ceased to g ive m i lk , r anging fr om four mon ths t i l l the t ime of

ca l v ing . S ee G ELD , 2 and 3 .

B IT , eight .

EKE , an add i t ion to a bu ilding , an added p iece. A11 “eke is

also the add it ion to a beehive .

EKE EEKE , the d r ess ing or oi l in wool len cloth .

eeke 5 no’ oot .

ELD -FAT H E R, fa ther -in -law. (Obs .)

N icholas R ayne wi lls that he be bu r ied in the Chu r ch of S t. Nicho las ,N ewcastle , as nea r my eld-father as possible may be .

- R ichardW elford, H istory of Newcastle, vol i i i p 3 29

ELD IN ,the butter -bu r r , Petasites vulgar is. S ee E L L DOCKEN

Cal led in Nor thumber landan eldin ,in Camb r idgeshi r e a butter bur .

Tur ner 's Her ba l , 1 562 ,ij 83 .

ELD IN ,r ubb ish , or b r ushwood , for fuel .

E lding , or fir e-eldi ng , fuel , such as tu r f, peat , or wood.

”—Hodgson M S .

ELDR ITCH , ghastly , fr ightful . S ee E LL E R i S H .

S cr each in ou t an eldr itch sound.— Lewis P r oudlock , Cuddle and his

Cr awi n'

H en .

E L F -SH OTS , E L F -ARROW S , stone ar r ow-heads .

E L iCK ,Alexande r . “ E liek

’

s L onn in in Newcastle.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

266 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

EM PY , empty .

E N CI E N T,ENNCIENT , the pr onuncia t ion ofancient. Ancient

mean s in old fo rms a standa r d anda standar d bear er . In the

following en t r y fr om St . N icholas ’ pa r ish r egister , Newca stle ,it is used for colou r -ser gean t 1 644 , W i l l . W ayr e ,E nncient to Cor onell A r ishin , bu r . 4 Jan .

” R . Boyle ,Cathedr al Chu r ch of S t. N icholas, p . 88 .

“ You r s I S a ve r y oldtown , M r . M ayo r , sa id a d ist ingui shed guest to the ch iefmagist r a te of Newca stle . Y is, sor ,

”r epl ied the mayor

,

“ it

a lways was an encient pleyce

END,to set upr ight , to set on end. U pend is often used

sim i lar ly , and “end it up ,

”or

“ up end it ,”a r e ind iffer en tly

spoken w i th the same mean ing .

E N D oON , hav ing the end towar ds the specta tor . H ence

con veying the mean ing of an ad vancing body . T he waggon swis com in ’

end-on.

”

E N D W E D GE , a fi r e -b r ick , g in . long by 445m.w ide , made 25m.

th ick at one end, dimin ish ing to 1 15 11 . at the other .

E N D W I S ,ENDWAYS , for wa r d , on end. Co ’

bye , let me

get endwis wi’

me wa r k .

“ E ven enclways-in an even ,

con t inuous flow . H e taakedeven endwis.”

ENDY . An endy fellow is one who is always t r ying to con t r olma t ter s for his own emolumen t .

ENEUGH , ENEW , ENOW , enough .

ENGAGE ,to a t t r act . T he wo r d is used in the d ia lect wi th

the ea r ly mean ing wh ich is st il l p r esen t in its form of engaginga t t r acti v e— in the li ter a r y d ialect .

M aw bedwadengage ony duchess.

J . P . R obson , Nannyyackson’

s Letter .

Ba rds of the Tyne, 1 849. p . 237 .

ENG INE -BAN K ,an incl ined plane at a coll ier y wher e waggon s

a r e hauled by a r ope andsta t ionar y engine.

ENG INE -P IT , the shaft of a coll ier y in wh ich the pumps ar ewo r ked .

ENG INE -PLANE . At a col lier y , a level ma in r oad , a r oadon which the tubs ar e hauled a long by r opes fr om a sta tiona r yengine.

” —W . E . N icholson , Glossa ry of Coal T r adeTerms, 1 888 .

NORTH UMB ERLAN D WORD S . 267

ENG INE -SEAM , the name of a seam of coa l on Tyneside .

In 1 649 G r ay w r ote M aster Beaumon t , a gen tleman of

g r ea t ingenu ity and r a r e pa r ts , adven tu r ed in to ou r m ines ,who b r ought wi th him many r ar e eng ines not known then inthese pa r t s .” T he memo r y of these r ar e eng ines su r v i vesin the name of the seam which he appear s to have d iscover ed ,st il l cal led the eng ine seam o r Beaumon t .

E NOO , YE NOO , shor t ly , anon . Aa’

l l be ther e yenoo.

ENTRY, a passage way ; a na r r ow lane , l ike a cha r e . Ther e

wer e in Newca st le , fo rmer ly , the Baker s ’ E ntry , C logge r s'

E ntry , F enw1ck’

s E ntry , M ackford’ s E ntry , Join t Stock E ntry ,

D owie’

s E ntry . M il l E ntry , John son’ s E ntry ,

W r angham’

s

E ntry ,Spencer ’s E ntry ,

Scot t ’ s E ntry , Wood E ntry ,Wh i te

boa r E ntry , &c. In Newca st le the wo r d is p r onounced as a

t r isyl lable— en- ter -cc. T he n ar r ow lanes in the subu r b of

Sandga te wer e near ly a ll ca lled entr ies, wh i lst those on the

Quayside wer e gener a l ly known as cha r es . T he passageway of a house . Lea ve yor dor ty shoes i

’

the entry— leave

them in the pa ssage .

S uch s ighs andsoft w ishes ,fr om lads and fr om lasses ,

Who tel l thei r fond ta les a t an entry-end.

W S tephenson , sen t . , Newcastle on S atu rday N ight.

EQUAL-AQ U AL , equa lly ba lanced .

E R D S R E W , ARD - S R E VV, the common sh r ew mouse .

ERLES , ear nest money ; pr onounced ar les, wh ich see .

E S H , the ash - t r ee , F r axinus excelsior . An even esh is an ashleaf in wh ich the term ina l leaflet is wan t ing , and the pa i r s of

leaflets a r e consequen tly even . I t is consider ed as lucky tofindan even esh

’

as to finda four lea ved clover .

ESK , a newt . S ee A S K.

E S P , the aspen t r ee , Popnlns tr enznla , or t r embl ing popla r .

ESS , ashes . S ee Ass .

ESS -H WOL E , an a sh b in .

ESTOVER , a hedge stake. Compa r e STOW E R .

ETH ER , EDDER , an adder . In N or thumber land the d r agon .

fly is ca lled bull ether , or“fleein ether ,

” flying adder .

268 NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

ETHER , NETHER ,t o bla st , as by fr ost or cold W ind . S ee

NETH ER .

ETH ER I SH , keen , cold , b i t ing . I t ’ s an ether ish

ETTIN , or YE T U N ,a boggle .

T he peple the r say that the r dwel led yn i t one Yotnn , Whom theyfab le to have been a Gygant .

— Leyland, on Cor b r idge , I ti ner a ry , th i rd

edi t ion , vol . v

ETTLE,t o in tend , to endea vour , to for esee , to con t r ive by

fo r ethought , and, so , to appoin t , to ar r ange a lways mean ingsome act ion tha t has been thought out befor ehand . Aa

’

l l

ettle to be ther e , noo , i f I can .

”

A galvan ic mach ine’

at aa ettled to myek mesel . — Geordy'

s Last,1 878 , p . 10.

E T T L E M E N T , in ten t ion . Tha t which is set a side or

in tended for one .

E VE N D OON , st r a ight down , st r a ightfo r wa r d ly , An evendoon

r a in is a steady downpour . E vendoon thump i s a blun t ,s tr aightfor war d sta temen t .

EWE -DA ISY , the plan t Potenti lla tormentilla . Known a lso a sshepherd’

s knot, flesh-and-blood, or blood- r oot.

E W E -DYKE . S ee E W E -H U NG .

EWE -GOWAN ,

’

or E W E -GOLLAN .

T he Da isy in N or th T indale . Gowan is any flower of a golden

colou r , andthen figu r atl vely a flower —Hodgson'

s M S .

E VVE -H UNG , a dyke set wi th hazel or w il low bows on the

top,to keep sheep fr om leaping o ver ; or a r ow of Shor t stakes

stuck in a sod hedge w i th a r ope d r awn a long thei r topsth r ough a hole in eacli .— H odgson

’

s M S .

EWER , an udder ,

EXCLAM ATIONS . M ost of these a r e nowadays used wi thoutany thought wha tever of thei r o r igina l mean ing . They a r e

spoken as“ id le wor ds ” ; bu t some of them en ter so fr equen tly

in to the common speech tha t to omi t them would be to lea vea b lank in the col lect ion of Nor thumber land wor ds . Aa

’

s

co x ed ! Aa’

s goxed Ad sma sh Aehy ! Assay ! Ay-di

me ! Baa ! Baa sang ! B i bl ist ! B i ca ver s B i.cr ike !

B i cr ikey ! Bi gel l ! Bi gocks ! B i gol ly ! B i gum ! Bi jing lBi j inks B i maa t r uly ! B i maa j inker s ! Bi me sowl

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2 70 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

God ’ s swea t , andthe “cr ucifixion in “Wun s

,

” “ Odzounds,

Od ’s wunner s , and W u n ter sfu l , mean ing God’ s wounds .

M any of these r efer ences i t wi ll be seen pa ss in to g r otesqueand mean ingless var ia t ion s , bu t i t is notewor thy tha t theseformer ly p ious exp r ession s gr ea tly p r eva i l over invoca t ion sa diabol ic kind . Fina l ly , ever y one of the expr ess ion s ofgi ven in thi s l ist is fr om r ecor ded usage in the coun ty ofNor thumber land .

EYE, the o r ifice in a p ick the hole in a g r indstone ; the open ing

at a wa ter -m il l th r ough Wh ich the wa ter is del iver ed overthe Wheel ; the d ischar ge hole in a l ime -kiln ; the o r ifice inthe casing of m il lstones th r ough which the flour passes ; themouth of a wel l . S ee E E E .

EYEN , the eyes. In common u se as late as 1 824 , now scar ce .

S ee E E N .

FA ’ AND FA ’ ABOUT , the po r t ion s of the holder s in a

field ” under the Old system of t i llage , in wh ich the st r ips ,ca l led falls, wer e said to l ie fa

’

and fa’

about, tha t is , ina lter na t ing or der . Compar e ATH ER , BAAK , CABLE , CAVEL ,R IG 2 .

FAA , the common name for a G ipsy or a vagabond , vag r omman .

” I tiner an t t inker s , besom maker s , mugger s , and suchl ike , wer e known as F aas, a fter the gipsy t r ibe Of tha t name .

T he name in Newcastle exp r esses con tempt , and in a st r eetb r awl , “ Get oot , ye clar ty F aa ,

” sums up the measur e of a

woman ’s scor n for her adver sa r y . S ee CRAM ER , M UGGER ,andT IN KLER .

T he place was a common r eceptacle for al l kinds of vagr ants , cal led‘ Faas ’ — Thos W i lson ,

note to The Oi lzn’o' D i cky

'

s Wig , 1 825

A F aw gang is a gener al name in Nor thumber land fo r a l l sor ts of

wander ing people .— Hodgson . Nor thumber land, pt . ij. , vol . i , p

note.

FAA FAAL . t o fall ; f . jaad, p.p. faan. D idye fan 2 Yis ,aa faadclean doon , an

’

a a felt n owt ti ll efter aa’dfaan. To

faa -oot is to fa ll out , to quar r el .

FAAD ,a fold ya r d . S ee a lso CORT IN .

FAAD , a fold for Sheep or ca t tle. M any-fands, man ifolds , a

kind of t r ipe.

PAAIN . FAW IN , FOVVIN ,folding ; the act of fold ing the

sheep .

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 2 7 1

FAC ' AS DEETH,t r ue as death . A ver y common exp r ession .

FACE, the endof the coa l wo r king the sol id coa l at which the

hewer s wor k . S ee F E YACE .

FACE -A I R ING , the cu r r en t (of a i r ) passed r ound the face or

ext r em i ty of the wo r kings — VV. E . N icholson , Gloss. of CoalT r ade Terms, 1 888.

FACING , a cleat the ver t ica l join t or cleavage of a st r a tum .

FAD . S ee F AAD .

FAD, a bundle . A “ bott le " is as much hay or str aw bound

together w i th a r ope as a man can con ven ien t ly ca r r y on hisback. A fad, or faud, is a lesser quan t i ty , such as can be

conven ien tly ca r r ied under the arm or in the hand .

T he boggle cal led the Hedley Kow wou ld sometimes appear l ike a

fad, or tr u ss of str aw, lying in the r oad.

”— S . Ol 1ver , R ambles in

Nor thumber land, 1835 , p . 99 .

AW thowt aboot the fadO’str aa

That M ick gae te wor Dol ly.

”

The Keelman ’

s R easonsfor Attending Chur ch.

Allan’

s Collection , 1 863 , p . 1 77 .

FAD, a hobby , a wh imsical fancy .

PADDER , PETH ER , FA ITH ER , fa the r .

I am a pilg r ym , als alle myfader s was .

Hampole , Pr icke of Conscience.— M or r i s, l ine 1 386

FADDY ,fin icking , over -pa r ticu la r , bother some , l ike one in

dotage . H e’

s a va t r y faddy body .

FADGE , a bundle of st icks , a faggot — B r ockett.

FADGE , a sma ll loaf of b r ead . Gener a lly the li t t le cake or

loaf made up fr om a bi t of dough left ove r fr om a baking . I tis not baked in a b r ead tin . Near the Bor der , a fadge is an

oval bannock , or scone , about two or th r ee inches th ick ;made of pea se mea l , often wi th an admixtur e of bean mea l ,andfi r ed ver y ha r d on a gi r dle.

FADGE , to eat together . At War kwo r th , at the season of

the N ew Yea r ther e is p r ov ided a r ich cake wi th i ts usua laccompan imen t of wine . G r ea t in te r change of v i s it ing takesp lace . I t is ca l led ‘

fadging ,

’

or ea ting fadge.’

r ea lly mean s eat ing the br ead of b r other ly un ion andconcor d .

2 72 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

Come andfadge w ith me is as much as saying Come andb r eak b r ead with me and ta ste w ine , in token tha t bygonessha ll be bygones . ’ T he R ev . J . W . Dunn , on W a r kwo r th ,H istory of Ber wickshi r e N atur alists

’ Club, 1 863 , vol . v . ,p . 56 .

FAD GY , a th ick- set , fa t l i t tle man .

FAD GYAN , a ver y fat ch i ld . I t is spoken as F adgy Ann.

FAD OM , FATH OM , a fathom, an arm ’ s st r etch , or S ix feet .A huge a sh t r ee ha v ing ten t r unks , “

each mo r e than I can

fathont”— tha t is , st r etch r ound .

.(Raine

’

3 L ife of H odgson ,

vol . i . , p . A fathom of r ope i s mea sur ed off by seiz ingthe end in the r ight hand and passing it th r ough the leftacr oss the chest . T he st r etch by an a ver age man

tD

is s ix feet ,and r opes a r e in th i s way mea sur ed off most r apidly andwi thg r ea t accu r acy . Like the “ foot , the “ hand , and the inch

(F r ench pence, a thumb ’s b r eadth ) , standar d mea su r es of

length , the faa’

om is a par t of the na tur a l man .

PADOM , FAD D OM , a p r ope r u se or feel ing . I hae me

faddonz i’

my legs .

FAFF,fal low land .

FAFFLE , to stut ter , or stammer ; to saun ter ; to t r ifle ; tofumb le — H al liwell

’

s D iet. B r ocket t adds , to faddle.

FAG , the fr esh wa ter fish , the loach , Cobitis bar batula .

FAGG IT , a t er m of con tempt . “ Ye impiten t faggit.

FAH REN , the p r onunciat ion of the wor d F ar ne in Fa r ne I slandsand in L ind isfa r ne. T he a soft as in F ai r -eu

,

“ Fa i r enI slands . T he wo r d fer n 13 al so p r onounced l n the samemanner .

FAIKES , an exclama t ion , mean ing i’

fa i th 1” S ee F A1x.

FAIL , soi l or tu r f a s u sed in the Nor th in a fui l dyke. Pe r hapsi t may or igin ally have had the same o r igin as va ll , a sod

wa ll ; and i t is r ema r kab le tha t the g r ea t German W a ll , fr omthe Danube to the Rh ine , was ca lled the Pfahl or Stakes ,fr om the mater ia l s tha t composed it. —H odgson M S

In behint yon au ldfa i l dyke ,I wot ther e l ies a new-slain kn ight .

The Twa Cor bies.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

274 NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S .

F ai ry-r ings, the cir cular w indings of the S pawn or r oots of

mush r ooms , or some other fungi .— H odgson’

s M S . F ai ry r ings

a r e connected in some way with the specia l mode of g r owthof Agar ions or eades andA gambosus. T he gr een sour gr a ss ” isnot , however , a lways in a ci r cle , for i t may be somet imes seenr unn ing in a wa vy l ine , in ter r upted i r r egular ly .

— Johnston ,

Botany of the E aster n Border s, p . 273 .

F ai ry-tickles, fr eckles . S ee F AI R N E Y-T I C KLE S .

FAIT H OR , FAT H OR , F E T H OR , PADDER , father .

FAKI S H ,FAKED -U P , d r essed up , made up .

FALL . S ee FAA.

FALL, the falling down of the r oof or stone in a pit.

FALL,a r ope . A block fall , or a ta ickle fall ,

” i s the r opefor a set of b locks . In a pump ing pi t a fall is used for li ft ingpor t ion s of the pumping a r r angemen t s du r ing r epa i r s . A falli s a lso the bucket or clack-fall in a pump , wh ich open s andshuts to a llow the pa ssage of wa ter .

—M ining Glossa ry , N ew

castle Terms, 1 85 2 .

FALLS , the d i v ision of a la r ge a r able field a ttached to a

vi llage.— H alliwell

’

s D iet. S ee FA’-AN D -FA-ABOUT .

FALSE -BEDD ING , obl ique lam ina t ion in a st r a tum of stone.

FALT, faul t . Th is wor d i llust r a tes a char acter i st ic sound in

the Nor thumber land d ia lect , the a being Sho r t , as in the

a in F r ench a la mode. T he wo r ds falt, malt, salt, a r e a l l

p r onounced thus . T he con t r a st between the sho r t Shar p a

andthe an sound , in the speech of the l iter ar y d ia lect , is ve r ynotable .

0 base mau lt ,Thou did'

st the fau lt.And in to Tyne thou shal t.

In No r th N o r thumber land the l is el ided in fault and salt,

and they a r e spoken fat andsat. M alt r eta in s the l , however .

FAM IL IOU S , adj ,fami ly . A fami lious compla in t .

FAM ISH , FAIM IS H , famous .T he Fel l is qu ite faimi sh for r ear in

’

young ba i r ns .

T . W i lson , S tanzas on a L i ne of I ntendedR oad, 1 825 .

FAM P ,clayey shale — H ugh M i ller , Geology of Otter bur n and

E lsdon.— Geolog ical S u r vey M emoi r , 1 887 .

NORTH UM BERLAND WORD S . 275

FAN CICL E . fanciful , cap r icious .

FANCY , var iega ted , pa r t i -m lou r ed, out of the common .

getten a fancy necker cher .

FAND (h t. offind) , found ; p.p. funden (pr onounced f unnen) , or

fund.

“ H e hadn ’t funneu’

d when aa le ft the p lace.

” “ H e

should a fundi t oot bi thi s t ime .

”S ee F U N .

FANG , to shoot down ; to captu r e. Compa r e IN FANGE N T H E OF .

FAN K IT , stuck har d andfast . In the bal lad of Par cy R eed a

descr ipt ion i s given of the t r eache r y of “ the fause-hea r tedH aa

’s ,” who

fixedh is swordwithin the sheath ,

That ou t aga in it winna come .

"

In th i s pl ight he was sudden ly a ttacked by the C r ozier s ; andthe sto r y says

B r ave Par cy r aisedh isfanki t sword,Andfelledthe for emost to the g r ound.

To fang , is to seize , to gr ipe , to clutch .

Destr uction fang mankindS hakspear e , Timon .

F anged, or fankit, is the r efor e seized , and, so , stuck fast . (Obs .)

FANNY -GRASS , couch gr ass , T r iticum r efens. Ca lled alsoquicken g r ass a ndr ack.

FANTOM E , or FANT OOM CORN , oat s which ha ve the

Shel ls empty . or so nea r ly empty tha t they a r e blown ove r theta i l-boa r d of the far mer s in the p r ocess of w innowing .

FARAND , used in composi t ion for advancing towar ds , or beingr eady . F ighting far aud, r eady for fighting ; fa r and man ,a t r a veller o r it iner an t mer chan t . Th i s usage is p r obablyfr om far e, to go . F ar and a lso mean s fashion , manner , andcountenance, per haps fr om fa r ing ; so well or i ll -far and, good o r

bad looking — H a ll iwell’

s D iet. (Obs .)Fa r andis u sed in composition : as fightzng -far aud, t.e. , in a fighting

humou r . ( S ee Andfar and — R ay’

s Gloss.

F A RA N T L Y ,or de r ly , handsome , comely , good-na tu r ed ,

r espectable , neat — H all iwell’

s D iet.

Fa i r andfar antly , fa i r andhandsome .

R ay'

s Gloss.

FARD , or FAURD , favou r ed I ll-fard,” weel -fard — tha t

is, i ll -looking or good -looking .

276 NORTHU MBERLAN D W ORD S .

FAR D IN , a fa r th ing . A fa rdin cand le — the small candle ,fo rmer ly in much u se .

FAR D IN -PANT , a foun tain , pant, or stan d at which waterwas sold for a far th ing a skeelfu l . These wer e commonin Newca st le in the t imes of the ea r ly Wa ter Company .

Edwar d Co r van absur d ly tel ls us about “ T he Phan tomSkeel a ta le of a Purdin Pant.

FARE , to near , or app r oach .

T he cowfa r es a-calv ing .— B r ockett.

FARL,a t erm of con tempt . G idaway , ye aadfar l

FARL , or FARREL , an oatcake— N or thumber land— H alliwell’

s

D iet. O r the fou r th pa r t of a round cake , as “a far l 0

’ shor tb r ead .

FARLEY , a wonder , a st r ange th ing . To “ spy far leys is

equivalen t to seeing st r ange andwonder ful ma tter s in commonp lace things .

FARM , the p r onuncia t ion offirm.

FAR -OVVER , by much too .“ F ar -ower cunn in .

“ Yor farower la te a comin .

” “ F ar -ower fa r .

”

FAR R AW ,a mi lch cow not wi th calf.

FARREL , the four th pa r t of a ci r cula r oatcake , the d ivisionbeing made by a cr oss .”— H alliwell

’

s D iet. B utfar r el is simplythe b r oad p r onuncia t ion offar l .

FASAN , a pheasan t . Ver y common . So spoken by oldpeople.

FASH ION , to gr ow in r esemblance .

I f i t fashions l ike its dad.

J . P . R obson , b . 1 808 , d. 1 870,Betty Beesley .

FAS H OU S , t roublesome.

“ Aa’ve bed a fashous job on

’

t , aa

can tel l ye .

FASTENS , or FAS T E R N S EEN , or EVEN , Shr ove or Pan

cake Tuesday ; the eve of Ash Wednesday , on which begin sthe Len ten fast . S ee P AN CAKE-TU ESDAY.

FAST-HAUD , the occu r r ence of “ the set’ get t ing off the

r oad , andthe tubs j ammed fast (in a pi t) , or the cage get tingfa st in the Shaft .” —N icholson , Gloss. of Coa l T r ade Terms, 1 888 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

278 NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

F E AR D L IK E ,fr ightened , a fr aid .

F E AR D Y , a fr ightened or ter r ified person . H e’

s a fea rdy .

F E AR E N T L Y , in fea r of, afr a id of.

FEARSOME , d r eadful -looking .

FEAT , neat , clever , dexter ous , elegan t — H alliwell’

s D iet.

FEATH ER , the th in s ide of a plough sock— tha t is to say, thefar side fr om near the poin t t o the “ l it tle heen ,

”or heel .

S ee also S T OCK AN D FEATH ERS .

FEATH ER-FUL , FEATH ER-POOLY , the fever few ,Pyr eth

r umpar thenium. F eather fool is appar en t ly fever fu i lle.

FEATLY, nea tly , dexter ously.

FECK,FYE K , a quan t i ty , an abundance . H e

’

ye onyfeck 9”

— H a ve you any quan t i ty of i t ? “ Aa he’

nee fyek i’

me

hands — I ha ve no gr ea t quan ti ty on hand .

FECKFUL , r esour ceful .

PECKLE,to entangle — B r ockett, th i r d edi tion .

FECKLESS , one wi thout r esou r ce .

“A feckless body ”is one

unable to make any effect i ve effor t . A weak o r incapableper son . Th is wor d is much mor e common than 1ts oppos i te ,

FECKLY, F E E KLY , ch iefly , mostly . I t

'

sfeckly his aan dein .

FEDER . fa ther ; a l so PETHER , F IT H OR ,FAD H OR , and

FADDOR .

FEE , wages .Y e shal l nev ’

r cr ave twi ce of meT he sma l lest penny of you r fee.

"

G S tuar t , j’oco-S er zous D i scour se, 1 886 , p . 26 .

To th is l ine the Newca st le author adds a mar gina l note forthe Souther n r eader , “

fee— wages . Andaga in , “ H e paysus fee a ndfinds us cleathing , p . 32 .

FEED,t o ser ve in a game . T he lad who th r ows a bal l , o r

“cat ,

" towar ds the ba t ter , o r st r ike r , in a game is said to

feed, andhe is ca l led the f eeder .

NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S . 2 79

FEEDER , one who ser ves in a game . Also tha t pa r t of themach iner y wher e cerea ls ar e fedin to a m il l.

FEEDER , a spr ing , or in r ush of wa ter in a pi t.

Al l wh ich water we suppose to come fr om the sea , andso being fedby that inexhau stib le foun ta in , we cal l i t by the name of a feeder .

The Compleat Col l ier , 1 708 , p . 25 .

FEEDER-IN , the per son who feeds or supplies a mach ine w ithma ter ia l to be wor ked or d r essed . T he man who passes incor n to a th r ash ing or to a winnow ing mach ine is thus ca l led .

FE E D ING-STORM , a con tinuous snowstor m .

FEEL , to per ceive . Can ye feel a smel l ?”is a ve r y common

exp r ess i on .

FEEL , FEELY , soft , smooth , downy , velvety .

F E E M Y , the Ch r ist ian name Euphem ia .

FEERY -FARY , a noise , a t umu l t . F eery-fa ry i s expla ined

in the ma r gin of the yew—S er ious D iscour se a s“coi l kept .

N ow wha t needs aw th is feery-fary P” p . 1 2 . (Obs.)

F E G , a fig ; a va lueless th ing .

’

T isn’

t wo r th a feg . Also thedr opp ings of a donkey .

FEID , a dead ly feud ; the ancien t blood feud common on theBo r der in for mer times .

FELL , a lofty b r own b il l ; a moun tain , or Open , unti l led g r ound ;b r oad wett ish moor s cover ed much wi th hea th , r ushes , andspar ts . —H odgson M S . F ell en ter s in to combination wi thabout fifty

-six p lace -names in Nor thumber land , and in tosome twen ty -eight place-names in Dur ham coun ty . Examples :Ca r ter F ell , Ga teshead F ell , Th r ockley F ell .

T he wester n par t o f Nor thumber land was bounded by Nor wegian

settlements i n C umber landand Liddesda le , andmost of the names in -fe1l

a r e in the hil l cou n tr y border ing on C umber land and S cotland.

J . V . G r egor y,A r cha logza E l i ana , vol ix p . 4 1 .

FELL , to s tun wi th a blow .

W e didna want to hu r t them. so we ju st felled them an’

flang themoot. —S . O liver , R ambles m Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 1 56 .

280 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORDS .

FELL , FELLON , sha r p , clever , cr afty , b r ave , endur ing ;descr ipt i ve of wor k done unde r d i fficu l ty . She ’ s a l itt le fell’

u n — sa id in compl imen t ing a ser van t g ir l , not r obust , whohaddone mor e than could ha ve been r ea sonab ly expected .

H e’

da fell job on’

t - tha t is , the wor k took mor e doingthan was an t icipa ted . T he wor d is ver y common .

“ A fellbi t cal lan t — a br ave , endur ing l i t tle body .

FELL , to sew down on the inside the edges of two p ieces ofany a r ticle sewn together .

FELL IN , FELLON , an er upt ion on the skin ; a r a sh ; a boi l ;a wh i tlow. Also a d isease in cows .

FELLY , t o p lough a r idge towa r ds the “r een ( r ean ) , in

con t r ad ist inct ion t o gather ing up towar ds the mid-r ig .

”

FELTERED , unkempt , shaggy , neglected .

I t’

s hardto say what a r aggy lad an'

a felter ed foal may tur n to

Nor thumber landPr over b.

FELTY , or FELTY -FARE , the fieldfa r e , Tu rdus pilar is. I t i scalled a lso the fendy andfendy -far e.

FEM M ER , weak , slight , fr ai l , cr anky , tender .

“ She ’ s nobbut

femmer , poor body .

”M in d hoo ye gan ; tha t br ig

’s nobbutfemmer .

FENCE , a wor d in place-names,as H eckley F ence.

FEND , to st r uggle in obtain ing a l i vel ihood .

FEND , FEN , a str ugg le for a l ivel ihood , an a t tempt at doinga th ing . F ew has much the same mean ing .

S ti l l , we have myeda decent fend,Andn iver fyel

’

dto pay wor way.

”

T . W i lson , The S hifting D ay , 1 852 .

FEND,to defend , to war d off a blow. H ence the fender used

on boar d ship . “ F eudoff tha t keel .”

FENDY,r esou r ceful , good a t man aging .

“ H e’

s a fendy body .

F ensome is used in the same sen se .

FENDY, F E N D FAR E , the fieldfar e , Tu rdus pi lar is. S ee a lso

FELTY .

An abundant winter visi tant. — John Hancock , B i rds of Nor thumberl andandDur ham.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

282 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

FEW , an effo r t , a st r uggle .

“ H e made a good fewon’

t , anyway. Aa

’

ll few to be W 1 ye the mor n .

" Th is wor dis usedin a sim i lar sense to fend, wh ich see .

FEW , to‘

show an apt itude . H e’

s a l ikely leukin chep ; he

fews weel .

FEW , a sma ll quan t i ty , or a number . Wi ll ye he’

a few ma i rb r oth A good few,

"or a canny few mean s a con sider

ab le number of people or things .

FEWSOM E , ver y few. Thor ’ s oney fewsome on us the neet .Not to be confounded wi th feusome, a lthough spoken l ike thatwor d .

FE Y F ie andfay in Ha ll iwel l .T he wordfey was former ly u sedboth in S cotlandandin the Nor th of

Englandto expr ess the state of a per son who was supposed to be dying ,

bu t who wou ld r ise fr om h is bed and go abou t the hou se , conver singwith his fr iends , as i f noth ing a iled him . Per sons also in health , whose

eyes displayedu nu sual b r ightness , andwho appea r edto act andspeak ina wildandmyster ious manner when pr epar ing for battle or for a per i lou sjou r ney, wer e fr equently sa id to be ‘

fey that is , doomedshor tly to meetwith thei r death .

— 8 . O l iver , R ambles in Nor thumber land, 1835 , p . 108 .

F E -YACE [S] , FYE ACE , FYE S [T] , the face.

H is fyes as wh ite as ony cloot,S es aw ,

‘W hat he ye been aboot

S ong , A s Aw Wis Gahutu Oot Yen Neet.In a pi t the facé is the wall of coa l at wh ich the hewer wor ks .S ee PYE S .

F E YACY , FACY ,impuden t , shame-faced .

F E YACY -GATE , a b r azen -faced per son .

F E YE L [S] PYEL [T] , to fa il . “ To wan t a fr ien ’ whenna tu r fyels.

FEYUL [S] , FYU L [T] , a fool . Often spelt fa il .

F IB , to fin ish .

FICKLE , to puzzle , to do something wh ich other s cannot do .F ickly , puzzling .

F IDGE , to fidget, to wo r r y , to be anx ious . “ To fidge andfyke is to be r estless and u n ea sy .

“ F idg in fa in i s be ingwor r ied and anx ious about a thing .

F ID GY , fidgetty.

NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S . 283

FIE,p r edest ined . S ee F E Y.

FIE , shor tened form of signify . Whatfies taakin’

P”

F IELD,a d i v ision of land con s isting of many sepa r a te holdings ,

g r ouped together in the ancien t system of cul ti va t ion for thepu r pose of a r ota t ion of cr ops . T he hedged r ectangles whicha r e now fam ilia r to us as ou r fields a r e the r esul t of Common sEnclosur e Act s . F or ter ms for mer ly u sed see ATH ER , BAAK ,CABLE , G ABLE , KYE VE L , FALL , REAN , R IG , B UTTS , ACRE -DALELAND S , H U S BAN D -LAN D S , DYEL , SCR I BE , T E N , SH ETH , GORE ,S wm .

F IELD -LARK, the t r ee p ipi t , Anthus a r bor eus.

FIELDY, or FIELD -SPARROW , the hedge - spar r ow , P r unel la

medular is. Cal led a lso smokey . H edgy andbluey a r e a lso namesby wh ich th is bi r d is known . T he fieldfa r e is a lso known as

fieldy in some par t s of South Nor thumbe r land .

FIERY , app l ied to a coal -pit wher e gas is given off in dange r ousquan t i ty .

F l E R Y -HEAP , a heap in to wh ich the smal l o r duff coa ls ofN or thumber land wer e former ly teemed andbu r n t . —Gloss. ofCoal T r ade Terms, 1 888 .

T he deposi t of r ubb ish andwaste or unsaleable coal which usual lytakes fi r e spontaneously.

”— Gr eenwell .

F I FT fifth .

Her e begyns thefifte par t. — P r ieke of Conscience, A D 1 349 .

FIGH TING -COCKS , or F l GH T E E -COCKS , the stems andflower heads of P lantago lanceolata (L inn ) , or lamb ’ s tongue ,used by chi ld r en in a game wh ich t r ies the endu r ance of a

cock , or kemp,

”as i t is ca l led . Each comba tan t is p r o v ided

with an equa l number of sta lks and heads and

holds out one t o be st r uck by the opponen t . I f i t i s

decapi tated by the blow the player gi ves h is r etu r n st r okew i th a fr esh “ kemp bu t i f i t su r v i ves the b low i t is usedin r etu r n . T he p lay is thus kept up a lte r n a te ly un t i l one of

the p layer s has lost a ll h is heads . T he v icto r then coun ts hissu r v i vor s— or , as is usual ly the ca se , he i s left w ith one on lyto ma r k his conquest in the game . S ee KEM PS .

FIKE,to be ver y fidgetty ; to move in an unconstan t ,

undeter m ina te manner ; to go about id ly .—H a ll iwell

’

s D iet.

F ikes, r estlessness , t r ifl ing car es . S ee F 1D G E .

T o have thefikes.- B r ockett.

F thy , fidgetty, i tchy, minu tely tr oub lesome .—B r eckett.

284 NORTHU MBERLAN D W ORD S .

F ILE , to make foul . The “fi le in the foot is a d isea se peculia r

to ca t tle and sheep.

F ILLERS , men employed in fi l l ing the loose coa ls wher esepa r a te holer s or k ir ver s and get ter s and fil ler s a r e

employed .— Glossa ry of Coal T r ade Terms, 1 888 .

FILLETS, the hollow between a hor se ’ s r ibs andhaunch bones .

FILL INGS , infiltr ations of water .

A sump (or wel l to a coal -pit) to hold the dr awings (or fi l ings , as vse

ca ll them her e) of water , whether r a in or otherwise .

”— J C . , CompleatColl i er , 1 708 , p . 14

F l L L Y -FA IR , a concour se of young gi r ls .

FILLY -F VVOAL ,a young mar e wh i le sucking . T he young

hor se of the same age is a cout-fwoal .

FILLY -NA IL , a na il 135m. long by about ISgin . th ick in the

sta lk,ha v ing a lar ge squar e head about 1 in . acr oss andmade

TSEin . th ick . These nai ls wer e specia lly made in for mer t imes

for war ships , to cover the bottoms befor e shea th ing of othermetal hadbeen in t r oduced . They wer e made bysuper annua tedna ilor s incapable of heavi er wor k .

FILLY -TAILS , clouds of ci r r us kind , long t r a il ing Wh iteclouds .

F IN,to find. When findis used , it is always p r onounced wi th

the i shor t , as in window (p.i . fand; p.p. f und) . Aa couldn ’t

fin’ oot what ai led i t.”

FIN,to feel . I t ’ s tha t dar k , aa

’l l he

’

tofin’

for the sneck.

Justfin me hands , hoo caud th’or .

FINDY -FEE,the fee or r ewa r d pa id to the finder of anyth ing

lost .

FINDY-K E E PY , who finds keeps . A fo rmula r epea ted bych ild r en when sea r ch ing fo r any lost th ing , i ts utter ancegi v ing the finde r the r ight to keep the ar ticle . T he for m is

sometimes extended , as Lossy , seeky, findy , keepy .

FINE,quite well , pleasan t . Hoo a r e ye thi day ?

” O , lad,aa

’

sfine.

”

F INGER . Thi s is in var iably p r onounced fiug -or , not, as

moder n u se has i t, fin-

ger .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

286 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

F I RE -STEED , a fi r eplace.

FIRE -STONE , a si l icious sandstone , fo rmer ly u sed as fu r nacelin ings .

FIRST , un t i l , hence ,following.

“ T i l l you have occasion , wh ich I hope wi l l not be longfir st. —J .C ,

Compleat Coll i er , 1708 , p . 3 1 .

FIRST-CALLER , the t ime when the caller goes r ound to cal lthe for e-sh ift men .

— Glossa ry of Coal T r ade Terms, 1888.

F I RST-FOOT , the fi r st who cr osses the th r eshold after midn ight on N ew Year ’ s E ve. T he per son so doing must on no

accoun t en ter empty handed , anda pr esen t to the house evenof a piece of coa l or a p iece of loaf w i ll qua lify thefi r st-footer .

T he en t r an t , to be lucky , must be of thema le sex . I f he ha ve asquin t , he b r ings bad luck . I f he be of dar k comple x ion , he

is not a des ir ab le comer . T he luckiest is a fa i r -ha i r edfi r st-foot.I t is a kind ly custom ; anda hea r ty welcome is a lways gi vento those who go fi r st-footing on N ew Year ’ s mor n ing to car r yfr om cir cle t o ci r cle the gr eet ing A happy N ew Yea r .

”

I t is u n lucky to lendanything whatever on N ew Yea r '

s D ay. I t is

u n lucky to meet a fema le fi r st on N ew Year 's D ay, or indeedon any dayof the year . S pecially u n lucky i t is when a woman is your fi r st-foot.W . B r ockie ,

Legends andS uper stiti ons, p . 1 10

F IR T H L E S S ,

‘ unmethodical , sh iftless , ext r avagan t .n ivver saa sic a fi r thless cr eetu r .

”

F ISH , a flat pla te of i r on or other substance , la id upon anotherto p r otect i t or st r engthen it. A “

fish beam”i s a composi te

beam ,whe r e an i r on pla te is sandwiched between two wood

beams . A “fish j oin t is a j oin t made by bolt ing or r iveting

a pla te on each s ide nea r the ends , as in a r ai lway p la te .

FISH , to seek about bl indly , or doub t ingly. Wha t a r e ye

fishin i’ me box for Aa

’

ll gan an fish for mesel — tha t is,

endeavou r to find someth ing to eat .

FISH, a tool used for b r inging up a bor e r odor pump va lve.

S ee F I S H -H EAD .

F ISH -BELL IED , having the bot tom par t cur ved l ike the bellyof a fish

,as a

“fish-belliedr a i l ,

” wh ich was bell ied or cu r vedbetween each pa i r of chai r s .

F ISH -FAG , a fishwoman .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 287

F ISH -GARTH , an enclosu r e made of stakes and wat tles fort r apping fi sh in a r i ver . S ee CRU IVE .

FI SH -H EAD , an implemen t used for dr awing the clack fr oma set of pumps .

FISSLE , F ISSEL , to move about r estlessly andwi th a gen tlecr ackling noi se .

“Wha t do youfissel aboot on the sea t for P”

A moose wen t fisselin th r ough amang the st r ay (st r aw) . A

fisselin wund (wind) . I t is a l so applied to the cr acklingnoi se hear d in a pit when the coa l fissles, or cr ackles

,in the

ear ly stages of cr eep .—Gr esley

’

s Gloss., 1 883 .

FIT FOOT or FUT [T .] a foot , F i t-sted , a footp r in t .

FIT , p.t. of fight. S ee F owr .

FIT , able , capable . H e’

s notfit te gan . Aa’

sfit for owt ,man .

“ F i t te loup a yet t or sti le .

FIT , to sell and load coa ls . a

None shal l fitt any keel or keeles of an ie other b r other with tmt theconsen t of the owner ther eof. — Order of H ostmen

’

s Company , Januar y,

1600- 1 .— B r and, H i story of Newcastle, vol . i i . , p . 272 , note.

I

FITCH , to sh ift (wi thout a felon ious in tent ion ) . F itch tha tflake — r emove that hu r dle.

F ITCH E L , a beam or shaft of a waggon . T he fitchel bolt istha t which goes down thr ough the block andholds it to thebea r ings , or v ice ver sa.

FITTAGE , the comm i ssion allowed to a coa l sh ipper .

F ITTEN, p.p. offight.

W hen we had fai r lyfitten our sels clear 0’

them .— 8 . Ol iver , R ambles

in Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 1 56 .

FITTER , the agen t at the sh ipping po r t who sell s and loadsthe p r oduce of a col li er y . For mer ly ca l led hostmen . Ar unn ingfitter is an ou tdoor messenger .

M ou r n , a’

thefitter s o'

the Q uayAnda

'

the swa rms 0’ B r oker s , tee ,

That tell the capta ins mony a lee ,

T o myek them fix !T .W i lson , A D i rge on the Death of Coaly , 1 843 .

F IT T IN , coa l shipp ing .

T he fa ither s o’

thefittin-tr ade

T he Q uayside a’

ways pacinT. W i lson , Captai ns andthe Quayside.

288 NORTH UMBERLAND WORD S .

F IVE QUARTER COAL . T he “ qua r ter ” her e is a qua r terof a ya r d . F i ve qua r ter s , ther efor e , 3 feet 9 inches— thi sbeing the aver age th ickness of the pa r ticular seam .

W hich is of abou t that th ickness of five quar ter s , andthat is in somecol l ier 1es ver y fine .

”— The Compleat Coll ier , 1 708 .

F IX -FAX , the g r eat wh i te tendon of the necks of an imals .H odgson M S .

FIZ -BALL , a bal l of damp gunpowder kneaded in to the for m of

a cone. I t is l ighted at the apex , and bur n s w ith a h i ssingnoise.

FIZ -BALL , FUSS -BA’

, the fungus (Lycoperdon bovista , L inn .)found in pa stu r es . When dr y the po r es can be squeezed outl ike a cloud of smoke. Also ca lled puf -baa

’

s, devi l’

s snujf boxes,andblind-man

’

s-bujf .

FIZZER, a cake , wi th r ich kneading , baked on the gi r dle.

“ A Spicefizzer”i s a gi r dle-cake (singing -h inny) wi th cu r r an t s

(spice) . Anything super-excellen t is styled a fizzer .

F IZZ E R T , a term of r epr oach .

“ Ye clar tyfiezer t.

FIZZY . anyth ing well or clever ly done . That ’ sfizzy , noo

I t is used as the colloquial nobby is used .

“ Tha t ’ s a fizzycoat he hes on .

FLAA,flaw . D r aa , laa , &c. , ar e all simi la r ly p r onounced , the

aw becom ing a ver y long a.

FLAA,tu r f for fuel . Compa r e FLAG .

FLACKER , to flut ter , to v ibr a t e l ike the wings of a b i r d .

Compar e FLAFFER .

FLACKET ,a flask . (Obs.)

A scor e fiachetts of stone andglass.—Inventory , 1 577 .

FLAFF , to flutter same as fiafi’

er . H adyor skemy oot an’

myek him flafi”his w ings .” Boys , in lu r ing pigeon s , fiafi

'

thei rcaps to im i ta te a flutter ing bi r d . A flag on a staff is said toflafi

'

in the wind .

FLAFFER , to flutter , to move with an awkwar d r ustl ingmotion .

I t flafi'

er edoot at neets , man .

”— R . Emer y, d. 1 87 1 , The Owl .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

290 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

FLANK -HOLE ,in m in ing , a bor e -hole made fr om the s ide of

a place wher e the r e is a danger of holing in to oldwor kingswh ich may con ta i n accumula t ion s of gas or wa ter .

— VV. E .

N icholson , Glossa ry of Coal T r ade Terms, 1 888 . Also a hole putin the flank or side of a d r ift to widen it by putting in a shot .Gr eenwell .

FLANNEN , flannel .

FLAP , anyth ing tha t hangs b r oad and loose , fastened on ly byone side — Todd. A manhole door in a pit . A

“flap-owe r

tyeble is a tab le wi th a fold ing leaf.

FLAP an un stable per son . A young giddy gi r l is ca l led a flap ,

or a woman o r gir l who does not set tle down to her domest icduties , bu t goes gadding about , and is gener a lly one of

s la t ter n ly habi t s .

FLAP , a shar p blow.

“ H e hadn ’ t his lessons off ; so he gathisflaps a t skyu l .

”

FLAP , to st r ike down quickly.Flap her doon at once wi

' pou ther .

T . W i lson , Pi tman’

s Pay , pt . i i . , v . 76 .

FLAPPER , a heavy , r esounding fall ; or the noise of a hea vyfall .

FLAPPER , a flat p iece of lea ther on a st ick , used by butcher sfor k illing fl ies .

FLAPPY ,un even ,

unsteady . T he ca r pet ’s lyin ’

aall flappy.

FLARE -U P , a quar r el , usually applied to a domestic broi l .Also a r out or en ter ta inmen t .

FLASH , the sma l l globules of molten i r on wh ich d r op fr om theblacksmi th’s an v i l du r ing the p r ocess of weld ing and becomeconcr et iona r y. F lash is not to be confounded wi th sca le.

”

Compar e SM IDDY G U M .

F L AS S ,a sha llow , ma r shy pond ; swampy gr ound .

FLAT, the par t of a scr een at a pi t wher e the coa ls r est , and

a r e cleaned befor e be ing put in to the waggon .— Glossary of

Coal T r ade Terms, 1 888 .

NORTH UMBERLAN D WORD S . 29 1

FLAT, the ter m ina t ion of the hor seway in a pit , the coals being

b r ought the r eto by the putte r s — M ining Glossa ry , N ewcastle

Terms,1 852 . I t i s also ca lled a sta t ion .

”S ee CRAN E .

T he later al extension of a lead ve in — Pr ofessor G . A Lebou r , M .A. ,

Geology of Nor thumber landandDur ham, seconded1tion , 1886 , p . 62 .

PLATCH,to flat ten by expan sion .

FLAT-LAD , the lad at the flats or cr ane in a pit. S ee

CRAN EMAN .

F L AT L IN S , flat ly.

FLAT-SH EETS,smooth i r on pla tes la id over an even floor at

a pit bank, on wh ich the t ub s a r e r u n to be emptied or

r etur ned to the cage . F lat-sheets a r e a lso la 1dat the foot of aShaft wher e the tubs a r e r un between the cages and the end

of the t r am l ines , or in the wor kings at cr ossings or j unct ion sof the l ines of r a il . S ee SETTLE B OARD S .

FLATTY , a flatfish . S ee F L E U CKOR , P LUC KER , &c.

FLAUGH TER , the th i n tur f tu r nedup when gr ound is par ed .

B r ockett.

FLAUT , F L OU GH T , a r oll of wool ca r ded r eady for

Sp inn ing — H odgson M S

F L AU T CH ING , fla t ter y , hollow pr a i se , fa lse coaxing , pleasu r e ,ar tfu l wheedling .

—H odgson M S S ee FLEECH .

FLAW , a j oiner’ s cu t na i l or b r ad .

FLAY , a fr ight .

FLAY , FLEY , to ter r ify , to fr ighten .

FLAY [N .] a flea .

FLAY-CRAA , a scar e -cr ow .

FLAYSOM E , l ike to fr ighten , awesome .“ T he p lan t in ’ s tha t

da r k i t ’s r eal fl zysome.” Wha t a leuk ye he

’

, aa feltfiaysomeat ye.

”

FLEAK , a long , th in piece of timber or a la th . T he use of

fleaks appear s in the weir ing of r iver s . F lakes a lso wer e la thsadapted to lay ba r ley cakes upon . Ba r ley cakes wer e fi r st

292 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

baked on the “gai rdel , then they wer e toasted befo r e the

fi r e , being placed on the “ bake-sticks a fter wa r ds they wer ela id on the flakes to dr y. T he for ms a r e a lsoflake, flaik, and

fleekA gate to set up in a gap This wordfleak sign ifies the same as

hu rdle , and is made of hasel , or other wands .— R ay. Col lection of Nor th

Country Words , 1 691 .

T he r ema ins of th is mi l l andthefleaks may sti ll be seen in the W ear

a t F inchale . T he fleaks ar e lar ge , r udely-shapedoak tr ees , fasteneddownin the water with i r on cr amps , hurdle-wise . In later times a fleak was ahu rdle , su spendedhor i zon ta l ly, a foot or two fr om the top of a r oom . I t

gener al ly bear s the cheese , bacon , &c. , of the hou sehold — R ev JamesR aine ,

jun r .— A r elzaologza Ai lmna , vol . i p . 202 , note.

FLEAM , phlegm .

F L E AS T E R , a fl uster , a hu r r y- scu r r y . Wha t a r e ye gett in’

in to sic a fleaster for ?”

FLEA -WOOD , the bog myr tle , or sweet ga le, M yr ica gale. Ahousewife ’ s cur e for flea s .

FLECK, or FLICK ,

a fl itch of bacon .

F L E GD E R , FLEDGY , a fledgling , an imma tur e per son , a

chi ld . S ee FLEG .

FLEE,to fly as a b ir d .

Flock o’ flock 0'

wi ldgeese—wher e di yefleeF r e Howdon to Bowden— to N ewcassel Q uay.

OldR hyme.

FLEE , a fly. L et tha t fl ee stick to the waa ll (pr over b)“ L et tha t ma tter r est . H alliwell givesfleg as Nor thumberland for a fly . S ee FLEG .

FLEE -BY-T H E -SKY,a r oman tic or vi sionar y per son .

FLEECH , F L AU T CH , t o fla t ter , t o wheed le . Aa wadnagan ti chur ch wi

’

him for a’

hisfleechin.

”

Thatfleetchiug knave .—G . S tuar t , f or a-S er ious D i scour se, 1 686 , p . 64.

F L E E CH Y ,a fla tter ing humbug .

FLEECY , lam ina ted . Anyth ing lying in leat s , or th in , compactlayer s , l ike past r y , or the flakes of fish , i s sa id to befleecy.

F L E E IN -ETH ER , the d r agon fly .

“ Pr obab ly cal led adder (ether ) becau se in a winged state they r ise ou t

of stagnant and pu tr id water s , and ar e constan tly found hun ting a fter

other fl ies in damp meadows .

” —Hodgson M S

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

294. NORTHU MBERLAN D W ORD S .

FL IGGED ,or F L IG , fledged . H ar d ly fligged ower the

dowp ” —young , imma tu r e .“ Yon bor r ids isfl ig — those bi r ds

a r e fledged .

Ah hinn ies ! Abou t u s the lasses did loupTh i ck as cu r ns in a S p ice sing in h inn ie

S ome and, and some hardlyfl igg’

dower the dowp .

T. Thompson , d. 1 8 16 ,Canny Newcastle.

FL IGH T , to set a -flying , to sta r t in fl ight . “ Aa’

l l flight yep igeons for a shil lin

FL INCH , finch as bu l lfl ineh for bu l lfinch

FL ING ,to kick ; applied to a ho r se . F ling a lso means to

vom i t , to th r ow ; to make a sa r ca st ic or scor n ful commen t ona per son or thing .

FL INT , the cor e of an an ima l ’s hor n . Cal led a lso the gowk.

T he ter m i s l ikewi se app lied to the har d excr escence fo r medon a cow ’ s head wher e a ho r n has been knocked off.

FL IPE , FLYPE , to fl ay, t o st r ip , to sk in ,t o take off the ba r k.

Aa fly/Jed h im , figu r a t i vely u sed , means , I r obbed o r

st r ipped him .

” To tu r n ha lf in side out , as a stocking isfl ipedin o r der the mor e ea si ly to put it on the foot .

FL IPE , FLYPE , a th in p iece , a p iece of sk in to r n off. Totake off in fly‘

bes. is to take off in th in pieces . A hatfl if e isthe br im of a hat .

PLIRE ,F L YR E , FLEER , to laugh , to jeer .

FL IRTIG IG , a forwa r d , ta lkat i ve , and uncon stan t gi r l .H all iwell

’

s D ict.

FLI SK , to fl ip in one’s face . D inna fl isk yor hanker sher

about tha t way.

”F l isk them fl ies off.” Also to leap n imb ly .

H efl iskedoff l ike a lop.

FL ITE , t o scold , to make a g r ea t noi se — H odgson M S .

F L IT IN , scold ing .

FLOAT -WH EY , cu r ds made fr om whey , much used inNo r thumber land .

— H all iwell’

s D iet. Compar e P LO ’ I‘ E . M i lk

squeezed fr om cheese -making .

Plot-whey , those curds left in whey, which , when bo i led, fioat on thetop.

NORTH UMB ERLAN D W ORD S . 295

FLOG ,to wor k with a hamme r and ch isel . T he wo r k of

ch ipp ing andsu r facing i r on is spoken of asflogging . To flogis any r apid action in str iking .

FLOORS , flat lands ly ing at the foot of slopes . F loor s andflats a r e of fr equen t occur r ence in field-names .

FLOTE , to fla t ten in plaster ing — H odgson M S . To flote, tofleet, t o skim m i lk ; to take off the cr eam : whence the wo r dfleeting d i sh .

F L OT H E R Y , sloven ly , bu t at tempt ing to be fine andshowy .

H alliwell’

s D iet. “ H e’

s fat an’

flother y.

”

FLOW , or FLOU ,a pea t moss , a pea t bog , gener a l ly lar g e

and straggl ing . F low in place -names occu r s , as in M anside

F low, in Nor thumber land ; p r obably fr om i ts being on the

water shed .

T he r ider dr eading ever y instant that he wil l sink over headinto theflow, cr awls ou t on his hands andknees — S . O l iver , R ambles i n Nor thumberland, 1 835 , p . 164 .

Between the hi lls ar e b r oadandflat mor asses , cal ledflowmosses.

Hodgson , Nor thumber land, pt . ij vol . i . , p 84 .

T he bog over flows along the ou tlet or outlets , and that par t of i t

which thu s dips away fr om the bog p r oper is aptly ca l led the flow of the

bog .— Pr ofessor Lebou r , Geology of Nor thumber landandDur ham, second

edi ti on , 1 886 , p . 1 1 .

FLOW , FLOU , gusty . It’

s a flow day. Wha t a flownee t !”

FLOWERY-DOCKEN , the Chenopodium bonus H enr icus.

FLOWS , FLOUS , floa t s , applied to the cluster of co r ks wh ichsu ppor t the bosom ”

of a sa lmon net.

F L OVVT E R’

D, affr ighted .

— R ay’

s Gloss. , 169 1 .

PLUCKER , or FLUKE , or FLATTY , a flounder . S ee

F L E U CKE R .

FLUFF , a sudden ign it ion . A 77q of poother . T he downfr om the wool of cloth . S ee FU FF .

F L U F T E R , FLUFFER ,to di sconcer t , to fluster .

FLUKE , the flounder , P latessa flcsus, F lem. S ee F L E U CKE R ,P LUCKER.

296 NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

FLUM ,decei t , m i slead ing ta lk. Let ’ s he’

nyen o ’ yor flum,

noo.

’

F L U M M IX ,to sup r ise , to over whelm wi th a ston ishmen t . In

a r gumen t the pe r son who has the best of 1t says , “ Aa

fi ummix’

dhim.

FLUTHER, a flutter , a sta te of men ta l agi tat ion .

“ I t putus aa l iv a flu ther .

F L U T H E R Y ,sloven ly , in a state of bustle or confusion . S ee

F LOT H E R Y .

FLY , S ly, cr afty , smar t . H e’

s a fly chep . Aa see the

gam —bu t yor notfly .

”

FLY -DOOR , or SWING DOOR ,a doo r so con st r ucted as

a lways to fa l l close when left a lone , bu t to open either towa r dsor fr om the cu r r en t of a i r , accor d ing to the d i r ect ion of the

for ce e xer ted aga in st i t. —Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms, 1888.

FLY -D R OVE N , fly-blown . Appl ied to mea t on wh ich the

eggs of the b low -fly ha ve been deposi ted .

FLYING -BENT , the M ol i nia ecer ulea . S ee B ENT .

FLYING -CRADLE , a fr aming of about fou r feet by one and

a ha lf feet , upon wh ich one or mor e men may sit a st r ide to dotempor a r y wo r k in the sha ft .— Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms , 1 888 .

F0 [W .-T .] to fal l . T he 0 a s in snow.

FOAL FOAL E Y.

W her e a you th is too weak toput the tr am by himsel f, he engages a

jun ior assistant , who is ca l led the foa l , andin th i s case the str ongest pu l lsthe tr am by a shor t r ope ca l led a seam, wh i le the foa l pu shes behmdS . O l iver , R ambles i n Nor thumber land, 1 83 5 ,

p . 4 1 .

T he posit ion of heedsman andfoaleys appear s to ha ve beensomet imes r ever sed ; for , wh i lst the descr ipt ion above gi vencoincides w i th the note on the subject in The P i tman ’

s P ay ,an

exper ienced wr i ter put sT he str ongest one behind and the foa ley in fr ont — M r . J . R owel l ,

N eveastle Weekly Chr on icle, Ap r i l 14 ,1 888 , a r ticle S oam

In the same pape r,M r . G . H a l liwel l , Seaham H a r bou r ,

cor r obo r a tes the la t ter sta temen t . S ee H E E D S M AN .

F OAL E Y-M EAR,a ma r e w i th young .

FOALS -FOOT , coltsfoot , T ussi lagofarfar a ,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

298 NORTH UM B ERLAN D W ORD S .

FOOR -H ORSE , the far hor se , or r ight side ho r se of a pai r inplough ing . T he hor se on the left is the land ,

”or n a r -side

hor se .

FOOT,the lower par t of a st r eet , a s “ head is the uppe r pa r t .

H ead of the S ide and “ F oot of the S ide ”ar e s ti ll

constan tly used in Newca st le .

FOOTAGE -M ONEY , the foy, or fee , r ecei ved by a p ilot .The footage-monies r ecei ved by p i lots a r e cal led by them foys .

FOOT -AN’-A-HALF , a game l ike leap -fr og . T he last leaper

must call out foot-an’-a -half.

”I f he fa i ls he must become

the “ back .

” After each r ound the “ back steps on to the spotwher e the last leaper touched , and the “ fr ogs ” who fol lowmust in the secon d r ound leap fr om the o r iginal ma r k and

clea r the back . T he move for wa r d i s r epea ted after ever yr ound t ill the player s fa i l in tu r n .

FOOT-COCK , a small hayo cock , of less size than a kyle, usedin shower y wea ther . I t i s a sma l l heap of hay ga ther ed offthe g r ound and cocked l ight ly up wi th the foot and r ake toa ssist d r ying . S ee H AY-MAK ING .

FOOT H ,plen ty. S ee FOUTH .

FOOT -VVAS H IN . On the even ing p r eced ing the wedd ing daythe feet of the b r idegr oom wer e washed in a company of twoor th r ee of his ~

own pa r t icula r fr iends . A sim ilar office wasa lso per for med to the b r ide , bu t in a mo r e p r i va te way.

Richar dson ’ s TableBook, L egendary , vol . i . , p . 342 .

FOOTY , sma ll , mean , in sign ifican t , low, shabby H e’

s a bit

footy body.” Bu t when applied to a gi r l it mean s a sma ll ,nea t pe r son .

FOOT -YE L L ,the d r ink customa r y on the footin , or beginn ing

of a new wo r k . When a young hor se get s his fi r st shoes , i tis customa r y for the smi th andthe owner to d r ink the foot-yel l .Th is is the footin .

”

FOOZ , or F U E T S , the common house leek, S emper vivumtector um.

FOR,un t il . “Wa i t for aa come .

FOR,j oined to whatz why ? As Whatfor wi ll he not P

FORAN , a per son befor ehand .

NORTH U M BE R LAN D W ORD S .

FOR -A’-SYKES

, a common exclama t ion . P r obab ly “ for a l l

ou r sakes . F or -a’-sykes d r op i t.

FOR -BE CAAS . What for -beeaas P” —wha t for ?

FORBY , besides , over andabove .

T o whom pigs and pu l lets a r e sent —andother good things for by.

Addr ess to M r Peter Watson , 1 824 .

H e'

s sixteen stane onyway, for ebye the heavy side-saddle - JamesArmstr ong , Wanny B lossoms , 1 879 , p . 1 22 .

FORCED -FIRE . S ee NEED - F I RE .

FORCE -P U T ,a th ing done of

,necessi ty or under compulsion .

We’

ll not dee’d except a s a for ce-put.” “ A for ce-put

’

s me

pl isu r e- a th ing d one of necessi ty is no pleasu r e .

F OR D E R , to fur ther .

FORE, the fr on t . “ F or e door — the fr on t door .

“ I s he st ill tothe for e P

”- is he st i ll to the fr on t— tha t is , st il l al ive and

well

FORE -DAYS,POOR -DAYS , towa r ds even ing — H all iwell

’s

D iet.

FOREIGNER , the name appl ied to any cr aftsman not

belong ing to the fr eelage of the town . Fo rmer ly the fr eebu r gesses of Newca st le -upon -Tyne wer e r esolute in har assingand opp r essing eve r y for eigner , a s they emphatica lly ca l l al l

non - fr eemen . A for eigner was not a l lowed to keep a shop bu tby the suffer ance of the co r por a t ion .

FORELOCK , a washer o r ci r cular d isc of i r on for the nu t of

a bol t to p r ess aga in st when scr ewed up.

FO R E N E N S T , FOR E AN E N S T , FORNENT ,next in fr on t ,

r ight in fr on t , r ight aga in st .

FORE -SH I FT ,the fi r st shift of hewer s tha t descends a pi t for

wo r k . They go down two to th r ee hou r s befor e the boys .

FORE -WON , in a pit ,“a wa ll d r i ven ove r befor e the boa r d

was holed .— Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms.

FOR -FAIRS , or FOR -FAIR,in ear nest . S ee FA I R.

“ W hene ’

er we sawh is sonsy face , wor steam got up for -fai r .

R . Emer y, 185 3 , Deeth 0' Bobby Nuun .

300 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

FOR G IM M E TY ,and FOR G I M M E TY -M E -S INS , an excla

ma t ion of su r p r i se.

FORKY -TAIL, the ea r wig . Called a lso eodgybell , twitchbell , and

seotehybell .

FORPET , or FOR -P I T , a measur e con ta in ingAt Alnwick the fou r th pa r t of a peck , abou t th r ee quar ts At Hexham,

fou r qu ar ts , i peck of wheat , 1 -5 of bar ley andoats At W ooler , 4 qua r ts ,Jo. peck , 1

-

9 bu shel . T he wor d seems to be a cor r uption offour th-par t.

”

James B r itten , OldCountry andFa rming Words. ( E .D .S

FOR R AT ,FORR IT , FORRAD ,

for wa r d , bend ing for wa r d ,and,

thus , weakened . Getten sa i r for r i t i’

the knees — tha ti s , bend ing ver y much w ith age.

FOR R AT S OM E , FOR R E T S OM E , of a forwar d disposi tion ,

impuden t .

FOR S M AN , fo r eman .

S he smackedthe for sman on the face .

J. P . R obson , H aml ick , pt 11.

FOR T H E R LY ,fo r wa r d , ea r ly. A for ther ly ha r vest .

F ar ther ly potatoes.— B r ockett

FO R TH Y ,indust r ious , wel l doing , fr ee , kindly spoken . A

for thy body .

”

F OR T YFOAL S , a blue and wh i te pota to of good incr ease.

M ost l ikely o r igina l ly ca lled for ty -folds.”

FOR W H Y , wher efo r e . H e comes her e ; forwhy a a’s sur e aa

canna tell .

FOTH ER , FODDER , of coa ls , one-thi r d of a chald r on ; abouta s many coa ls as a one-ho r se ca r t wi ll con ta in . A fother oflead : 2 1 cwts . T he wor d has come t o be appl ied to a ca r tload of anyth ing in gener a l . A fother of muck , o r of l ime ,&c . T he fother d iffer s fr om the load, the la t te r be ing as

much as can be car r ied on the back of a pack -ho r se .

A fother [of coals] i s pr oper ly as much as can be conveyedin a ca r t

wi th one hor se .— T . John Taylor , A r eha’

ology of the Coa l T r ade, 1 85 2 .

“ Fother , a measu r e of coals— six bu shels .

”— Hugh M i ller , Geology ofOtter bur n and Elsdon

FOTH ER , to feed hor ses andca t t le , to give them thei r fodder .

To “ do up ho r ses or cows for the n ight . “ H e ye fother edthe beass yit P

”

FOTH ER -BARN ,a s t r aw bar n .

FOT H E R IN , the last feed ing at n ight for h o r ses andcat tle.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

302 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORD S .

FOY-BOAT,a boa t used by a foy-boa tman .

FOY -BOATM AN , a boatman whose occupa t ion is to wa tch a t

sea ,O ff the mouth of the Tyne , for incom ing sh i ps , in or der

to ob ta in employmen t in moor ing them on thei r a r r iva l in thehar bou r .

FOZY , applied to a t ur n ip tha t is fr ost bi tten ; and,hence ,

spongy . A fozy tu r n ip is a lso one over g r own,deficien t in sap,

and of a dr y, spongy na tur e in side. These , when handled ,a r e ver y l ight andha ve a hol low sound . T he youngster s ona fa r m somet imes u se them for footballs .

FRA , FRAE , P R E , F R E V ,

'

F R E N,fr om .

“ Wher e hes hecome fr a .

P Th i s is the usua l fo rm in No r thumber land . On

Tyneside the sound is much sho r tened .

Fr ae Team Gu t to W h itley, W i'coa ls b lack andb r own ,

F or the Amph i tr i te loaded, the keel hadcom’

ddown .

"

R ober t G i lch r i st , S kipper’

s E r udi tion , 1 824 .

F r e is the usage when the wor d fol lowing begin s with a

con son an t ; bu t when a vowel , o r a mute a spi r a te,fol lows

,

the for ms a r e fr ev andfr en . S ee a lso FREN .

Can they de owse wi' C r owley

’s cr ew,

E r ev a needle tiv an anchor , O

FRAC, audacious , undut iful , bold , obstr eper ous .

FRAISE , FRAKE ,a di stu r bance , a fight . “ A bonny fr ake

they gat up amang them .

”

[H ea r d a t H ar bottle ] Theseappea r to be va r ian t s offr ay. Compa r e F R AS Y andFRAY .

T he au ldwives aften mak’

a f r a ise.

Poems, F . Donaldson , Glanton , 1 809 ,p . 77 .

FRAKE,a fr eak.

FRAM E , to a ttempt , to st r i ve , to Show pr om ise of abi li ty. H e

fr ames well .”

H ow does he fr ameP

FRAM E , the head gea r carrying the pulleys of a pit.

FRAM E -D AM , a strong sepa r a tion of wood andclay,to stop

wa ter back — M ining Gloss. N ewcastle Terms,1 852 .

FRAM E -DOOR , a pit door set in a fr ame of special con struct ion .

“ I t on ly opens in one di r ection , namely, aga inst the pr essu r e of thecu r r ent of the a i r , andshou lda lways be hung so as to fa ll to shou ldanyone passing th r ough i t neglect to dr aw i t close

i

”— Gloss of Coa l Tr adeTerms , 1 888 .

NORTH U MBERLAND W ORD S .

F R AM M E L T , the ben t por tion of an ob solete fo rm of ca t t leband , made of wood , to emb r ace and s l ide on the stake . T he

upr ight por tion is called a byeakie .

F R AM P I S H , to bend t ight ly .

FRAP , t o st r ike , to r ap. Aa’

ll fr ap yor heed when aa get a

hadon ye .

”

FRASE , or PH RASE , a d istur bance . Wha t ar e ye myekinthe fr ase aboot thor

’s neebody kill’

d. S ee F R AS Y.

FRASS,fine dust .

A cater pi llar mines between the bar k and the wood, and thr ows outa b r own dust or fr ass — D r James Har dy, H i st. of Bwks. N at. Club,vol . 9 , p 37 1 .

F R AS Y , fr ay , exci temen t , hubbub . T he same as fr aise. S ee

FRA S E andFRAY .

Hoping thefr asy might tur n out a hoax .—James Armstr ong , Wanny

B lossoms, 1 879 , p 1 32 .

F R AS Y ,d istu r bing , talkat ive .

“ H oot ! he’s no wor th m ind in ’

a poor fr azy body.” P r obably the adject iva l form of the

for egoing wor d .

FRATCH , to make a d istu r bance in a quer ulous , fr etful way ;a lso a sl ight quar r el , a d isagr eemen t , an obst r uct ion . H e

’

s

n ivvor ea sy t ill he can r ai se a fr atch wi’ somebody .

”

FRATCH ER,a fault finder , a di stur ber about pet ty th ings .

F R AT E D ,fr ayed , fr et ted having r ough , r agged edges , as tor n

o r wor n cloth .

FR AT I S H E D , per ished , half fr ozen , benumbed wi th cold .

B r ockett. S ee F R E T I S H E D .

F R AT I S H M E NT , sta r va t ion fr om cold .

FRAY , a g r eat d istu r bance . A house clean ing o r a washingday leads to the exclama t ion ,

“ W hat a fr ay thor’ s on thi

day.

FRAZE . S ee FRA S E .

FREAK , F R E YK , F R E KE , a strong man, a fighting man .

(Obs.)

FRECKEN , to fr ighten .

304. NORTH UMBERLAN D W ORD S .

FREE -COAL , coa l wel l j oin ted , and wor king fr eely .— H ugh

M iller , Geology of Otter bu r n andE lsdon ,1 887 .

F R E E D S T OL L , F R IT H S T OL L , F R ID S T OL L , the sea tof peace . St il l p r eser ved a t H exham .

A S tone Chai r in the Chu r ch near the Altar , to which Offender s u sedto fly for S anctuar y . Ang lo

- S axon , f r idh , peace , and stole, a seat.

BazIey’

s c i .

F R E E L E GE ,F R E L ID GE , the p r i v i lege of acqui r ing the

fr eedom of the town .

“ H e took up his fr eelege fr om his

fa ther .

”H e ser ved his fr eelege as a j o iner . (Obs.)

FREE -LEVEL , di scha r ging at the su r face wi thout enginepower .

—N icholson , Gloss. of Coal T r ade Terms.

FREEND,fr iend . Relat ives ar e gener a l ly called fr eends. Aa

’

s

g an ti see ma fr eends.

”H e

’

s a fa r away d o ’ mine.

”

T he wor d is fr equen t ly shor tened to f r in , o

FREESE -ROOTER , possib ly a name for a por tcull i s . (Obs .)

FREET ,fr ight F R E E T E N , to fr ighten .

P R E -G IT H E R , apa r t . They ’ve been lang fr e-g ither .

F R E M ,FREM D , FREM IT , st r ange .

“ F r emd folk — al ien

people .

“ Aa’

ve hed ma i r kindness shown us fr e fr emdfolknor i r e me aan kin .

” Thus gener a lly appl ied to d ist ingu ishpeople who a r e not one ’ s blood r ela t i on s . H ence anythingout of the way or st r ange. A fr emdday.

A fr emdman this .—Hodgson M S .

Fr em’

dor fr emt, far off , not r elatedto , or str ange, an enmity.— R ay

’

s

G loss 1 691 .

F R E M AN G , fr om among .

FREN,fr om .

“ H e’

s teyu n’

d fr en him .

” Thi s fo rm is u sed

in stead off r e, in the same way tha t f r ev is used . D idye get

i t f r e T om ,or f r ev Auty P

”H er e a vowel or consonan t

following deter m ine the u se off r e, f r ev, or f r en. H e ga t theteyun f r en an aad fiddler .

” “ H e played the teyun f r ememor y .”

FRENCH LENART , a r edpole .

FRESH -WOOD, the th r eshold , or foot -beam of the fr on t door

of a dwel ling -house .— H odgson M S .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

306 NORTH UMB ERLAND W ORD S .

FRUGGAN , a cur ved i r on scr aper wi th wh ich ashes in an o vena r e sti r r ed .

— H all iwell’

s D iet.

FRUSH, the th r ush , or t ender pa r t of a hor se

’ s foot .

FRUSH , b r it tle.

“ I t ’ s va r r yfr ush (said bya ma son hammer inga qua r l wh ich br oke ea si ly , Any th ing ful l of sap and

easi ly br oken i s said to be fr ush.

FRY , chi ld r en .

T he sku l ls ar e shut the gabbl in f ryA

’

skelp aboot at pleasu r e .

The Oi l i n‘

o’ D icky

’

s Wig , 1826 .

Andthem befor e the fry of ch i ldr en yongThei r wanton spor tes andch i ldish mi r th didplay.

Faer ie Q ueene, I . , xi i . , v . 7 .

F U , F U H , full ; gener a lly sho r tened in th i s way when at theendof a wor d . H oosefuh— housefull ; n ieffuh— handfull , &c.

FUD , the tai l , or scut , of the har e , r abb it , &c.

FUDDL ING , a p r act ice in fish poach ing .

They not on ly u se a net when they have one , bu t r esor t to the mor e

destr uctive pr actice of what they cal lfuddl ing the fish , by l iming the wa ter ,

or th r owing into the pools a pr epa r ation of Coculus Indicus 8 . O l iver ,

R ambles in Nor thumber land, 1 835 , p . 83 .

FUE , or FEW ,to endeavou r , to st r uggle . Aa

’

ll fne to di’

d.

H e f nes well at the job .

”S ee F E W .

FUE , an effo r t . H e myedthe best f ue on’

t aa’

ve seen .

F U E T S , the house-leek. S ee Fooz .

FUFF , to puff out w ith an exp losi ve or h issing sound .

T he poother fufi‘edoff iv a j iffy.

FUG IE , F U GE E . (Obs.)T he fug i es, that is to say, such cowardly cocks as tr ied to r un and

avoidfighti ng .— W . Br ockie , Legends andS uper sti ti ons, pp 1 1 1 and 1 3 3 .

F U IL , a fool . S ee FEYU L .

FULL , r ich , wel l -to -do . (Obs .)

FULL , FULLEN , the house-leek , S emper vivum tector um. SeeF U E T S , Fooz .

Countr y people plan t the hou se-leek, or sen -

g r een , loca lly termed

fu ll or fa llen , on the tha tched r oofs of thei r cottages , in order to p r eser vethem fr om thunder and l igh tn ing , wh ich , i t is sa id, will never str ike thisever g r een her b .

”— Legends andS uper sti tions, p 1 1 7 ,

NORTHUMBE RLAN D W ORD S .

PULLOCK , to jer k o r ad vance the hand beyond the “ past ,or bounda r y l ine , in p laying at ma r bles . I t is a form of

chea t ing a t the game N ee fullockin , noo , is the commonexpostula t ion to an unfai r p layer .

FULL -PLOUGH , or FOOL -PLOUGH . Ancien t ly the

h inds and agr icu ltu r a l labou r er s of Nor thumber land usedto celeb r a te the ter m ina t ion of the labour s of the ploughby a pagean t , wh ich is va r iously ca l led the whi te-plough,stot-ji lough, full -plough, andfool -plough or fond-plough . T he men

who jo ined wer e d r essed in wh i te sh i r t s (wi thout coat o r

wa istcoa t) , on wh ich wer e st i tched a p r ofusion of colour edr ibbon s and r oset tes . They yoked themselves to a p lough

,

and wen t r ound the coun t r y- s ide p r eceded by a flag -bea r er

and accompan ied by a man w i th a gu n . At each house a fee

was demanded , and when a g ift was ob ta ined the gu n wa s

fi r ed . A r efusa l of the customa r y la r gess was followed bythe plough being d r awn in many fu r r ows th r ough the gr oundo r pa vemen t in fr on t of the house . Compar e SW ORD-DANCER SandG U IZ AR D . (Obs. )

FUM E , lead smoke .

A sor t of bad fou l a i r , or fume, exhal ing ou t of some miner als.

Compleat Col l i er , 1 708 , p . 23 .

FUMM LE , to fumble , to do a th ing clumsily . Wha t a r e ye

f ummelin on tha t way for ? To seek for in a fumbl ingmanner . Aa fummeled on t ill aa fand it .” In the d ialectthe b sound in tumble, g r umble, humble, nimble, thimble, tr emble,&c. , is a lways elided .

FUN , FUND , FUNDEN ,pr eter ites andp.p. offind.

FUNERAL -CUSTOM S . S ee B IDDERS , LAKE -WAKE , STREEK .

FUNK,to kick , to kick up the heel s as a hor se o r donkey does .

T o funk off”is to th r ow the r ider . To be in a funk

”is to

be in a ti lt o r passion about anyth ing .

“ T he gaffer ’ s in a

fi ne funk — in a g r ea t pa ssion .

FUNK,to r a i se a n oisome smell , a s is done by blowing

pungen t smoke th r ough a keyhole— tha t i s ,“ F unkin the

Cobbler .

FUNKER, a hollow cabbage sta lk or a ho r n fi lled w i th l ighted

tow , out of which volumes of smoke a r e blown by way of

amusemen t or m isch ief.

308 NORTH UMBERLAND W ORDS .

FUR , o r FOOR , a fu r r ow .

FUR , F U R R IN , the deposi t of l ime fr om l imestone wa te r .

A p ipe when choked wi th deposi ted ma t ter is sa id to befu r r edup .

FURNACE -DR I FT , a passage lead ing in to an “ upcast pit

p r ov ided w ith a fur n ace for the pu r pose of v en t i la t ing them ine . Whe r e two such passages e x i st , one on ly of wh ichhas the fur n ace bu r n ing , they ar e d ist inguished as the fur nacedr ift anddumb-dr ift.

FURTH ERANCE , e x t r a p r ice pa id to the hewe r s whenr equ i r ed to f at the coa ls (M ining Gloss. N ewcastle Terms,or as an a l lowance in r espect of in fer ior coal , a bad r oof

, a

faul t , &c. (Gr esley’

s Gloss. ,

F U R T IG ,fat igue.

F U S H E N L E S S , F U Z Z E N L E S S , dry, wan t ing in nou r ishmen t

F uzzen means ‘nou r ishment , natu r a l juyce , str eng th , plen ty. abun

dance , and r iches. — J B r i tten , OldCountry andFarming Words. (E D .S

Natu r e shou ldb r ing for th

Of i ts own kind, al l foezon , a ll abundance.

Tempest, act i i . , so . 1 .

F ushenless is , ther efor e , sapless , sackless , useless . H e’

s a

poo r , fushenlessobody.

”

F U S OM E , F E U S OM E , deft-handed , bu t gener ally in a

sin i ster manner .

PUTCH EN , fu r , p r obably of the fitchet , poleca t , or stoat .

(Obs.)A black futchen doub let , l inedwith sa r snet. —W i l l of John Lawson ,

1 578 .— R . W e lfor d,

H istory of Newcastle i n X VI . Centu ry , p . 508 .

FWOAK , folks , people. S ee F OL K .

Jenny, the ga rdner , an sum mar e sic leyke fwoah.- Thomas Bewick.

The Howdy , ed. 1 850, p . 1 1 .

FWOAL , a foa l . A cowt-fwoal is a young male ho r se wh i lstsucking . A fi l ly

-fwoal i s a female of the same age . A foalymear i s a ma r e andfoal .

FYE , an e xclama t ion ca l l ing to a t ten t ion . E ye for a guide toDur ham ! ” exclaimed the b r oken fug it i ves after the ba ttle of

N ewbu r n , in August , 1640. T he wo r d a lso occu r s in ea r ly

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join