list of participants mr. chidi akujor astrophysics group
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Mr. Chidi Akujor Astrophysics Group Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria Nusukka, NIGERIA
Prof. Fred Ashton Department of Physics University of Durham Science Laboratories, South Road Durham, DH1, 3LE ENGLAND
Ms. D. Averna Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Catania Citta Universitaria - I 95125 Catania ITALY
Dr. James J. Beatty University of Chicago Laboratory for Astrophysics and
Space Research 933 East 56th Street Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Miss Claudia Be1ardi Consiglio Naziona1e Delle Ricerce Istituto TE.S.R.E. Via de Castagno1i, 1 40126 Bologna ITALY
Dr. Robert W. Binns The McDonnell Center Department of Physics Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
Dr. Hans B10emen Astronomy Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
445
Dr. Dieter Breitschwerdt Max Planck Institut fur Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1, Postfach 10 39 80 6900 Heidelberg 1 WEST GERMANY
Dr. Carla Cattadori Piazza Republica 18 Milano, ITALY
Miss Paula Chadwick Department of Physics University of Durham Durham DH1 3RR ENGLAND
Miss Domiti11a de Martino Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte - Napoli Via Moiarie110 16 80131 Napoli ITALY
Ms. Brenda Dingus Department of Physics and
Astronomy University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 USA
Miss K. M. Doutsi Department of Astronomy University of Athens Panepistimiopolis GR 15771 Athens GREECE
Mr. Wolfgang Droge Max Planck Institut
fur Radioastronomie Auf dem Hugel, 69 0-5300 Bonn 1 WEST GERMANY
446
Dr. Andrezj K. Drukier Harvard-Smithsonian Center
for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Miss E. Eleftheriou Department of Astronomy University of Athens Panepistimiopolis GR 15771 Athens GREECE
Dr. Jon Engelage Bldg. 50, Room 248 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Miss Mariella Gottardi Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerce Istituto TE.S.R.E. Via de Castagnoli, 1 40126 Bologna ITALY
Dr. D. A. Green Cavendish Laboratory Room 930 University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 ORE ENGLAND
Mr. John M. Grunsfeld University of Chicago Laboratory for Astrophysics and
Space Research 933 East 56th Street Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Mr. Uwe Heinbach Fachbereich 7, Physik Universitat Gesamthochschule Siegen Postfach 101240 D-5900 Siegen WEST GERMANY
Dr. Davina Innes Max Planck Institut fur Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg I, Postfach 10 39 80 6900 Heidelberg 1 WEST GERMANY
Mr. Joachim Isbert Fachbereich 7, Physik Universitat Gesamthochschule Siegen, Postfach 101240 D-5900 Siegen WEST GERMANY
Mr. Christoph Koch Fachbereich 7, Physik Universitat Gesamthochschule Siegen, Postfach 101240 D-5900 Siegen WEST GERMANY
Mr. Giuseppe Lanzafame Osservatorio Astrofisico
Di Catania Citta Universitaria - I 95125 Catania ITALY
Mr. Mark Lawrence Department of Physics University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT ENGLAND
Dr. Kevin Lesko Bldg. 88 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Mr. Ken Levenson Space Science Center University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 USA
Mr. Mark G. Machin Imperial College The Blackett Laboratory Prince Consort Road London SW7 2BZ ENGLAND
Mr. Pier Paolo Maggioli Department of Physics University of Southhampton Southampton S09 5NH ENGLAND
Dr. Wojtek Markiewicz Max Planck Institut fur Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1, Postfach 10 39 80 6900 Heidelberg 1 WEST GERMANY
Mr. Nicholas Mascarenhas University of Chicago Laboratory for Astrophysics and
Space Research 933 East 56th Street Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Mr. M. A. Miah Department of Physics and
Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
Dr. John Mitchell Department of Physics and
Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
Mr. Anthony Monk University of Bristol H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Royal Fort, Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1 TL ENGLAND
Dr. Thierry Montmer1e Service D'Astrophysique CEN-Sac1ay, DPhG/SAP 91191 Gif sur Yvette, Cedex FRANCE
Miss Ivana Nastari via Stazione, 95 40037 Sasso Marconi Bologna ITALY
Mr. Klaus Osch1ies Institut fur Reine und
Angewandte Kernphysik Universitat Kie1 01shausenstrasse 40/60, Gebaude No. 20A 2300 Kie1 WEST GERMANY
Miss Eliana Palazzi
447
Consiglio Naziona1e Delle Ricerce Instituto TE.S.R.E. Via de Castagno1i, 1 40126 Bologna ITALY
Dr. John S. Perko Code 665 NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
Dr. Valerio Pirronello Osservatorio Astrofisico Citta Universitaria Vaile Doria 95125 Catania ITALY
Dr. Grazie11a Pizzichini ConSiglio Naziona1e Delle Ricerce Instituto TE.S.R.E. Via de Castagnoli, 1 40126 Bologna ITALY
Prof. Neil Porter PhYSics Department University college Dublin Belfield, Sti1lorgan Road Dublin 4 IRELAND
Dr. Marius S. Potgieter Department of Physics Potchefstroom University 2520 Potchefstroom SOUTH AFRICA
448
Dr. Narayan C. Rana Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research Homi Bhabha Road Bombay 400 005 INDIA
Mr. M. J. Rogers University of Durham Department of Physics Science Laboratories, South Road Durham DHI 3LE ENGLAND
Dr. Manfred Samorski Institut fur Reine und Angewandte
Kernphysik University of Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40-60 D-2300 Kiel WEST GERMANY
Prof. G. Setti Instituto di Radioastronomia, CNR University of Bologna Bologna ITALY
Prof. Maurice M. Shapiro Director of the School Co-Director of the Course 205 Yoakum Parkway, #1720 Alexandria, VA 22304 USA
Dr. Rein Silberberg Code 4154 Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375 USA
Mr. Nigel J. T. Smith Department of Physics University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT ENGLAND
Mr. Wilfred Sorrell Washburn Observatory University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 North Charter Street Madison, WI 53706 USA
Dr. W. Stamm Institute fur Reine and
Angewandte Kernphysik Olshausenstrasse 40-60 D-2300 Kiel WEST GERMANY
Dr. C. Sean Sutton Department of Physics Smith College Northampton, MA 01063 USA
Dr. Jacek Szabelski Institute of Nuclear Studies Cosmic Ray Laboartory Ul. Uniwersykecka 5 90-950 Lodz I, Box 447 POLAND
Prof. K. o. Thielheim Institut fur Reine und Angewandte Kernphysik, Mathematische Physik Universitat Kiel Olhausenstrasse 40/60, Gebaude No. 20a, 2300 Kiel WEST GERMANY
Prof. W. Peter Trower Department of Physics Virginia Polytechnic Institute Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
Dr. Allan J. Tylka Code 4154.8 Cosmic Ray Astrophysics Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375-5000 USA
Dr. Jose F. Valdes-Galicia Institute de Geofisica Ciudad Universitaria Circuito Exterior 04510 Mexico D. F., MEXICO
Dr. Christofor P. Vankov Institute for Nuclear Research
and Nuclear Energy 72 Blvd. Lenin Sofia 1784 BULGARIA
Prof. Heinz Vo1k Max Planck Institut fur Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1, Postfach 10 39 80 6900 Heidelberg 1 WEST GERMANY
Prof. P. J. S. Watson Department of Physics Herzberg Laboratories Carleton University Ottawa, K1S 5B6 CANADA
Prof. John P. Wefe1 Co-Director of the Course Department of Physics and
Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001 USA
Dr. Kurt W. Weiler Code 4131 Hulburt Space Center Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375 USA
449
SUBJECT INDEX
Abundances cosmic ray (Z<30), 6, 27,
30, 91, 128, 262, 381, 391,419
cosmic ray (Z~30), 8, 45, 46, 71, 75, 78, 81, 84, 88
cosmic ray (isotopic), 10, 107, 139, 153, 156, 157, 161, 391, 392
cosmic ray source, 31, 44, 85, 95, 105, 106
local galactic, 6, 31, 106, 379 meteorites 5, 72, 85, 153, 154,
159, 160, 376 solar energetic particle, 8,
31,41,71,88 solar system, 5, 9, 42, 71,
72, 79, 153, 156, 391 stars, 43 sun, 5, 33, 71, 78, 130
Acceleration Active Galactic Nuclei, 18, 227,232 binary systems, 21, 42 black holes 14, 21, 227, 228 continuous, 18 corotating interaction regions,
325, 335 distributed, 21, 24, 41, 45,
48, 51, 52, 53, 106, 172, 357
electric fields, 19, 228, 229, 334
Fermi processes, 19, 205, 228 galaxies, 18, 21, 54, 228, 418 magnetohydrodynamic waves, 19 mass motions, 19 neutron stars, 18, 54, 379 pulsars, 18,54, 101, 215, 221,
228 quasars, 54, 418
shock waves, 18, 19, 44, 45, 127 stellar flares, 8, 19 stochastic, 19, 23, 91, 162, 325,
335 sun, 54,128 supernova remnants, 19. 41. 54.
lCJ1, 153, 185, 205, 211, 212 time scale for, 19, 335
Accelerators, Laboratory, 3, 31, 215, 376, 391, 396, 405
Actinides (see Ultra-heavy cosmic rays, Abundances)
Accretion, 21, 54, 57,119,227 Adiabatic deceleration, 23, 41, 43,
51, 62, 91, 96, 317 AGN (active galactic nuclei), 18,
217 (see also Acceleration)
Age of cosmic rays (see Confinement, time)
Age distribution (see Pathlength Distribution)
Air showers, extensive (EAS), 16, 98,99,227,241,255,261, 274, 381, 405
arrival dirctions, 100, 101, 267 Cerenkov light, 241, 244, 246,
248, 261, 276, 408 development, 227, 242, 247 from gamma rays, 249, 250, 251,
255, 266, 405, 407 hadrons and muons, 255, 258, 261,
264, 265, 274, 405, 407, 419 size/lateral distribution, 16,
242, 243, 257, 258, 275, 406, 407
Alfven velocity, 139, 316 Anisotropy of cosmic rays, 14, 16,
97, 99 Anomalous component, 93 Anti-nuclei, 10
451
452
Anti-proton, 10, 106, 131, 142, 143
Ariel VI, 8,81, 83, 85, 87 Astromag, 391, 401 Axions, 428, 430
Binary systems, 21, 111, 119, 125, 269
(see also Acceleration) Black holes, 21, 54, 428
(see also Acceleration) Blackbody radiation, universal
(2.7K),98
Charged particles, 2 Chemical selection
(see First ionization potential)
Closed galaxy model, 22 Clouds
cosmic ray interactions, 22, 41, 50
Carina, 145 giant molecular, 117, 131, 133, 135, 163, 167, 236, 299,
308, 309 gamma-ray enhancement in, 50, 56 heating of, 299 ~ Oph, 117, 119
Compact stars, 270 Comets, 310,311,313,314 Composition of cosmic rays
(see Abundances) Conduction, non-linear, 138, 144 Confinement of cosmic rays pro
cesses, 18,42, 176,227 time, 11,24,41,43,51 volume, 22, 42, 43, 138
Convection, 111, 121, 156 COS-B mission, 109, 163, 165,
242
Cosmic-ray abundances (see Abundances)
Cosmic-ray Astrophysics, 149 (see also Particle Astrophysics)
Cosmic rays distribution in galaxy, 163, 171 energy desnity, 41, 231, 300 extragalactic, 16,97, 172,227 gradients, 168, 172 verly low energy, 56, 299, 300,
307,311 point sources of, 276
Cosmology, 293, 428 Grab Nebula, 165, 176, 185, 206,
256, 258, 407 Cross Sections
and source composition, 31, 357 calculations and cosmic-ray pro-
pagation, 357, 360 electron capture, 118, 120 electron stripping, 120 evaporation, 358, 359 fission, 359, 364 fragmentation, 24, 31, 43, 49, 93,
358, 359 gamma-ray production, 375, 376 neutrino, 416, 417, 431 nuclear excitation functions, 11 partial, 24, 357, 358 photonuclear, 228, 256, 258 Rudstam's equation, 358, 359, 371 semiempirical, 24, 357, 358, 359 spallation, 362, 364 total inelastic, 357, 358 ultra-heavy nuclei, 361, 365,
367 uncertainties, 357, 358, 366, 368
Cygnus Experiment, 405 Cygnus X-3
gamma rays from, 21, 252, 253, 256,258,261,266,405,407, 418
period, 252, 266, 268, 405
Dark matter, 3, 427, 429, 436 Density of matter
in confinement region, 11, 52 in galactic disk, 52 in galactic halo, 52
Diffusion in stellar atmospheres, 127 in momentum, 91 models, 22
Distributed acceleration (see Acceleration)
Dust/Grains, 2, 43, 57, 227, 299, 306, 308, 377
Dynamical halo model, 22, 27
Electron-capture nuclides, 11, 42, 43, 50
Electrons and positrons, 3, 50, 55, 163, 175, 193, 205
energy loss, 10, 198 energy spectrum, 195, 197, 210 galactic origin, 197 galactic radio background, 195 inverse Compton radiation, 10,
23, 197 production of gamma rays, 140,
163, 176 synchrotron radiation, 10, 23,
171, 175, 182, 198 Electromagnetic spectrum, 2 Elementary particles, 3, 215,
293,405,411 Empirical formula for cross
sections (see Cross Sections)
Energy spectra, 14, 20, 53, 91, 97, 381
all particles, 17, 228 knee in, 16 protons, 15, 62
shape of, 93 spectral index, 95
Escape length, 42, 163, 357 Extensive air showers (EAS)
(see Air Showers) Extraterrestrial, 1 Fermi acceleration
(see Acceleration)
453
First ionization potential (FIP) chemical selection by, 8, 33, 41,
78,81,125,127,149,356 galactic cosmic rays, 34, 71, 72,
31, 107 solar energetic particles, 32,
107 Flares
(see Solar, Stellar, Acceleration)
Forbush decrease, 58, 315 Fragmentation, 24, 93
(see also Cross Sections)
Galactic center, 414, 435 halo, 13,23,41,43,50,101,
192, 227, 237, 238, 427, 431, 436
plane/disk, 41, 56, 57, 100, 103, 239
rotation curve, 427 wind, 21, 27
Galaxy hydrostatic equilibrium, 235, 237 stability, 235, 239 Parker instability, 236
Gamma-ray astronomy, 165 COS-B satellite, 109, 163, 242 SAS 2 satellite, 163, 242 telescopes, 248, 249
Gamma-ray emission, diffuse, 109, 140, 242 energy dependence, 163, 168
454
radial gradient, 163 Gamma-ray lines, 54
cross sections, 375 from sun, 375 particle produced, 54, 55, 57,
131, 375, 377 nucleosynthesis, 54, 55, 375,
379 radioactive decay, 54, 147,
153, 154, 158, 375, 427 Gamma-ray sources, 242, 262
and neutron stars, 54, 165 concept of, 106, 131, 378 Eta Carinae, 167 inner galaxy, 163 in stellar systems, 139 VHE and UHE, 21, 52, 405
Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) , 57 Gamma Rays, 41, 42
detection techniques, 241 high energy, 241 production processes, 54, 109,
139, 140, 163 ultra-high energy, 241, 242 very-high energy, 241, 242
Geminga, 269 Geomagnetic
cut-off, 63, 75, 95 equator, 66, 339, 348 modulation, 41, 63, 95, 322 pitch-angle distribution, 353 storms, 340, 351, 352 tail, 339 trapped particles, 340, 342
Gravitational waves (graviton), 2
HEAO-3, 8, 47, 71, 75, 76, 85, 87, 149, 154
Heliosphere, 3, 93, 299, 307, 315,325
Helium and hydrogen abundances, 91,95, 107, 127, 139
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, 105, 156
Her X-I, 269, 276, 407 Hess, Victor, 1 High Energy Astrophysics, 1, 3, 411 High-energy cosmic rays, 14, 97,
215, 227, 381 HII regions, 131, 135, 138, 143 Hydrogen
atomic, 109, 165, 167, 341 ionized, 20, 131 molecular, 165, 167, 304, 305,
311 Hydromagnetic waves
(see Magnetohydrodynamic waves)
Injection of cosmic rays, 20, 41, 43, 95, 105, 106, 107, 198
Interactions (see also Fragmentation) charge exchange, 341, 351 in atmosphere, 2, 62, 342, 344,
405 in interstellar medium, 23, 357 in solids in space, 299, 306
Interplanetary, 2, 18 Interstellar medium (ISM), 106,
153, 357, 391 chemistry, 299, 304, 311 formaldehyde, 304, 310 gas, 236 hot, 13, 136, 236 ionized gas, 237 local, 237 turbulence, 20, 236
Ionization energy losses, 23, 24, 343, 430
Ionization potential (see First ionization potential)
Isotopes, 12, 14, 159 Isotopic composition
(see Abundances)
JACEE, 139
Leakage rate, 24, 163 Leaky-box model, 10, 22, 24,
25, 72, 91, 106 Local interstellar space, 23, 93
Magnetic fields and Larmor radii, 227 dynamo effect, 111, 121 galactic, 105,209,227,235,
269 interplanetary, 316, 322, 315,
327, 330 loops, 123 solar, 110 stellar, 123, 131, 149, 156
Magnetohydrodynamic waves, 22, 172,316
Magnetosphere, 18, 41, 43, 215, 339
Monopole, magnetic, 2, 261, 263, 269,293,411
creation in Big Bang, 294 detectors of, 270, 271, 296,
413 dyons, 293 GUT, 269, 293, 295, 413 induction searches, 294 ionization of, 295, 296 nucleaon catalysis, 295 Parker limit, 261, 269,297,
413 trapping, 296
Muons, 261, 405, 406, 411, 419 (see also Air Showers)
Nebulae (see Clouds)
Neon-22 excess, 14, 158, 161, 392
(see also Isotopes, Abundances)
455
Nested Leaky-box model, 22, 26, 43, 49
Neutral particles, 2 Neutrinos
bursts, 415 Dirac, 427, 431 high energy, 2, 131, 143, 261,
272,273,414,417 massive, 427 oscillations, 273,411,415 solar, 262 sources, 417
Neutron monitors, 59, 63, 92, 93, 315
North galactic pole, 100, 101, 104, 228
Novae, 20, 55 Nuclear interactions
fragmentation, 3, 6, 23, 41, 357 (see also Gross Sections) photomeson, 227, 228, 232, 255
Nuclei, cosmic-ray (see Abundances)
Nucleosynthesis, 6, 42, 44, 156, 379, 391
CNO process, 45 helium burning, 133, 155, 156, 157 neutron capture, 10, 71, 72, 78,
79, 88, 107, 153, 155, 156 time before acceleration, 42, 46,
47
OB associations, 42, 44, 133, 140 Oort Cloud, 307 Orthogonal rotator, 215
Pair production, 232 Particle Astrophysics, 3, 35 Particle precipitation, 339, 341 Path length distribution, 24, 357
delta function, 25 exponential, 25, 78, 91
456
long pathlengths, 30 short pathlengths, 27, 28 versus energy, 26, 48, 94, 95,
383 PHOENIX-l Experiment, 346 Photino, 2, 432 Pioneer-l0, 318, 319, 320, 326 Pitch-angle scattering, 172 Plerions
(see Supernova Remnants) Positrons
(see Electrons) Propagation of cosmic rays, 6, 30,
41, 48, 71, 74, 91, 104, 106, 176, 357, 381, 384
Pulsars, 54, 56, 57, 165, 185, 215, 235, 269
acceleration boundary, 223 critical surface, 220 injection, 224 light radius, 217 magnetospheres, 216 proton orbits, 217
Quanta, electromagnetic, 2 Quasars, 418
Radiation belts, 340 pressure, 114, 131 reaction, 217
Radioactive decay, 11,415, 434 Radioastronomy, 175, 191
galactic background, 191, 195 supernovae/remnants, 181, 205
Red giant/supergiant stars, 115, 155
SAS-2 mission, 163, 165, 169, 242 Secondary-to primary rations, 20,
48, 49, 382 Scintillating optical fibers,
391, 394, 397 Solar
activity cycle, 59, 61, 109, 315, 317, 318, 322, 353
corona, 33, 107, 110, 111 coronal holes, 58, 110 flares, 8, 32,58, 110, 111,330,
336 photospere/chromosphere, 33, 71,
78, 88, 107, 111 wind, 16,23,43,58,61, 107.
109, 110,316,325,339 Solar modulation, 16, 23, 58, 62,
91,93,95, 142, 197, 300, 315, 415
boundary, 317 convection, 317 diffusion, 316, 317, 318, 325,
326, 327 electron spectrum, 315, 320, 321 gradient/curvature drifts, 315,
316, 317 hysteresis, 315, 317, 321 meanfree path, 326, 329, 333 quasi-linear theory, 325, 326,
329, 336, 342 radial gradients, 315, 317, 319,
320 solar magnetic polarity, 316
Solar system formation, 2 Solar-Stellar connection, 115, 123 Source composition
(see Abundances) Space lab-II mission, 381, 384 Spallation
(see Fragmentation) Spectra
(see Energy spectra) Sputtering, 301, 302 Stars and cosmic rays, 34, 13'-)
cool stars. 105, 106, 125 F-lI types, 105 hot stars, 106, 131
o and B star s, 1 31, 1 47 star formation, 109 T-Tauri, 111, 117, 119, 120
Stellar activity, 113, 115 collapse, 414 coronae, 113 flares, 34, 41, 42, 127 mass loss, 114, 119, 131, 153,
155, 161 photosphere/chromospheres, 41,
43, 105, 125, 127, 149 rotation, 121, 123, 156 winds, 20, 41, 44, 114, 119,
131, 138, 147, 153 Stochastic processes
(see Acceleration) Stormer cones, 64 Strange quark matter, 420 Superbubble model, 50, 136, 138 Superconducting grains, 432 Supermentalicity model, 392 Supernova, 35,42,72,153,175,
176,236,262,411 adiabatic energy losses, 200,208 extragalactic, 179 light curves, 177, 180 models, 180 neutrinos from, 262, 273, 414 shock acc~leration, 19, 106,
186, 200, 205, 210, 211 spectra, 178, 180, 210 statistics, 179
Supernova remnants, 19, 41, 54, 147, 175, 176, 186, 199, 205
age/size, 207 composite type, 189, 206, 210 distances, 208 magnetic fields, 210, 211 plerionic type, 187, 200, 206,
208 radio spectra, 205, 208, 210
shell type, 187, 200, 205, 208, 210
Synchrotron radiation, 109, 121, 206, 228, 235
457
Trajectory detectors, 338, 339, 391, 400, 401, 412
Transition radiation detectors, 381, 384, 387
Underground detectors, 261, 262, 405, 411, 416, 430
Ultra-heavy cosmic rays, 3, 71 (see also Abundances)
Ultra-high energy gamma rays (see Gamma Rays)
Vacuum fields, 215, 216 Very Large Array (VLA) , 219 Virgo cluster, 17, 97, 99, 100,
101, 104, 172,227,228 Volatility, 85
White dwarfs, 115 WIMPS, 428, 431, 433 Wolf-Rayet stars, 20, 44, 45, 107,
114, 133, 139, 147, 153, 154, 156, 392
X-ray emission diffuse, 143, 239, 428 bremsstrahlung, 111 EXOSAT, 119 flux variation, 230 ridge, 145 stellar, 111, 113, 131 thermal, 144 TENMA, 145
Young Stellar Objects (YSO) , 117
Zeeman effect, 125
AUTHOR INDEX
A'Hearn, M. F., 312 Abbott, D. C., 114, 128, 139, 150,
153, 161 Achterberg, A., 18, 19. 36 Adams, J.H., Jr" 47, n4, 67 Adams, R. A., 37 Aguilar-Benitez, M., 297 Ahlen, S. P., 10,36,297,403,
424, 429, 436, 438 Akimov, V. V., 38 Alexandre, C., 89 Alexeyev, E. N., 279 Alfven, H., 229, 231, 232 Aliev, N .A., 38 Alimov, T. A., 38 Allen, D. A., 159, 161 Allen, R.C., 405, 406, 409 Allen, R. J., 181, 194, 202 Alvarez, L. W., 39, 70, 294, 297 Ambrosio, M., 424 Anders, E., 5, 36, 72, 74,81,
84, 88, 154, 161 Andre, P., 119, 128 Angelini, C., 424 Anglin, J. D., 89 Arcoragi, J. P., 69, 403 Arens, J .F., 37, 39, 69 Arnaud, K., 170, 172 Arnould, M., 69, 151, 159, 162,
403 Arons, J., 21, 36 Asano, T.. 168. 172 Asseo, fl., 239 Audouze, J., 130, 151 Augustyniak, W. M., 312 Auriemma, G., 425 Avignone, F. T., 429, 436, 438 Axford, W. I., 18, 36, 110, 128,
1 5 1, 1 71, 1 72, 31 7, 323 Ayres, D. S., 273, 278
Baade, W., 225
Bachmann, K., 355, 373 Badhwar, G. D., 38, 236, 238, 239 Bagger, J., 438 Bahcall, J. N., 237, 238, 239, 438 Balasubrahmanyan, V. K., 39, 48,
69, 70, 323 Baldetti, F., 424 Baldini, A., 425 Baldwin, J. E., 193, 194,202 Balick, B., 202 Baliunas, S. L., 215, 221, 228, 230 Ballmoos, P. V., 147, 150 Balogh, A., 338 Baltrusaitis, R. M., 278 Bandiera, R., 185, 202 Bania, T. M., 172 Barbarino, G. C., 424 Barbon, R., 177, 202 Barish, B., 424 Barnhill, M. V., 405, 409 Barsi, G., 110 Bartelt, J., 279 Barton, J. R., 159, 161 Basri, G. S., 123, 128, 130 Bassi, P., 249, 254 Batitti, R., 424 Battacharya, D., 203 Battistoni, G., 266, 268, 278, 424 Beatty, J. J., 30, 36, 91, 92, 93,
96 Beckers, J. M., 130 Beeck, J., 333, 338 Beer, J., 62, 63, 67 Be 11, A. R., 1 71, 1 72, 205, 212,
213 Bell, S. J., 225 Bellingham, J., 67 Belvedere, G., 111, 121, 128 Bemporad, C., 424 Benford, G., 228, 230, 232 Be nne tt, K., 15 1, 1 73, 1 74 Benz, W., 1 28
459
460
Berkhuijsen, E. M., 172, 187, 191, 202
Berman, B. L., 373 Bertout, C., 117, 119, 128, 129 Beuermann, K., 171, 172 Bezrukov, L., 259 Bha t, C. L., 171, 1 72 Bieging, J. H., 150 Biersack, J. P. 438 Bieser, F. S., 373 Bignami, G. F., 18,36, 109, 128,
140, 151, 169, 172, 173, 174
Bilokon, H., 424 Binns, W. R., 9, 36, 68, 71, 72,
88, 89, 107, 372, 391, 403 Binny, J., 437 Birmingham, T. J., 338 Bisi, V., 425 Bivins, R., 358, 372, 373 Blake, J. B., 45,67,68,89, 153,
154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 342, 351, 352, 353, 355, 403
Blandford, R. D., 21, 36, 50, 69, 171,173
Blitz, L., 128, 171, 172, 173 Bloemen, J. B. G. ri., 21, 38,109,
128, 142, 150, 151, 163, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 173, 174, 237,238,239
Bloise, C., 424 Bludman, S.A., 273, 278 de Boer, K. S., 237 Boerstling, P., 373 Boesgaard, A. M., 129, 130 Bogdan, T. J., 279, 298,425 Bolton, R. D., 405 Bonarelli, R., 279 Bonnet-Bidaud, M., 268, 279 Borg, J., 426 Boring, J. W., 312 Born, M., 327
Borra, E. F., 125, 128 Boschler, P., 126, 127, 129 Bouchet, P., 128 Bourg, J., 297 Bouvier, J., 119, 120, 123, 124, 128 Bower, A. J., 17, 36 Bradt, H. L., 37 Branch, D., 181, 185, 202 Brautigam, D. A., 360, 374 Brecher, K., 172, 173 Breneman, H. H., 32, 36, 128 Brewster, N. R., 49, 67, 88, 89,
364, 372, 403 Brock, J. E., 172 Broderick, J. J., 202 Brody, E., 312 Brodzinski, R.~., 373, 427, 436,
433 Brout, F., 372 Brouw, W. N., 195,203 Brown, D. P., 438 Brown, G. E., 181,202 Brown, R. L., 181, 202, 203 Brown, W. L., 304, 312 Brownlee, D. E., 2, 36, 303, 312 Bruhweiler, S., 68 de Bruyn, A. G., 181, 202 Buccheri, R., 151, 173 Buffington, A., 10,36,39, 70, 142,
143, 150 Bugaev, E., 259 Buhrke, T., 130 Burbidge, G. R., 172, 173 Burger, J. J., 317, 321, 323 Burlaga, L. F., 58, 67, 322, 323,
326, 338 Burman, R. L., 405 Burnett, T. H., 3,15,17,36,37 Burrows, A., 273, 278, 425 Butterfield, K. B., 405 Byrnak, B., 45, 67 Byrne, P. B., 128
Cabrera, B., 294, 297 Cadonau, R., 179, 202 Cady, R., 405 Caillault, J. P., 123, 128 Caldwell, H., 438 Caldwell, J. H., 382,390 Calicchio, C., 424 Cameron, A. G. W., 5, 37,47,55,
56,57,67,72,78,79,84, 88
Campana, P., 424 Canfield, R. C., 144, 151 Caraveo, P. A., 151, 173, 174 Carlini, R. D., 405 Calrqvist, P., 229, 231, 232 Cartwright, B. G., 403 Case, G., 424 Casertano, S., 438 Casse, M., 20, 37,47, 69, 70,
106, 107, 128, 130, 147, 151, 153, 154, 161, 162, 163, 403
Cassinelli, J. P., 113, 114, 129, 153, 162
Castagnoli, C., 254 Castor, J., 151 Caswell, J. L., 141, 190,202,
208, 211, 212, 213 Catala, C., 119, 128 Caughlan, G. R., 156, 161 Cavello, G., 228, 232 Cawley, M. F., 254 Cecchini, C., 424 Cecchini, S., 329, 334, 338 Cesarsky, C. J., 20, 22, 37, 38,
68, 91, 96, 139, 140, 142, 143, 149, 150, 151, 153, 161, 168, 169, 170, 173, 239
Chandrasekar, S., 327 Chang, C. Y., 405 Chaplin, A. D., 297 Chasman, C., 9, 28, 431
Chen, H. H., 405 Chernoff, D. F., 269, 278
461
Cherry, M. L., 2, 37, 261, 262, 267, 268, 273, 278, 387, 390
Chevalier, R. A., 185, 188, 202, 203, 236, 239
Chiarella, V., 424 Chieze, J. P., 130, 151 Chih, P. P., 323 Chiosi, C., 131, 133, 150 Chiuderi-Drago, F., 121, 129 Chlebowski, T., 145, 150 Chotkowski, C., 320, 323 Christiansen, G., 259 Chu, Y. H., 136, 150, 368, 372 Chudakov, A. E., 252, 254 Chupp, E. L., 69 Churchwell, E., 150 Ciatti, F., 177, 178, 179,202 Ciavola, G., 312 Ciocio, A., 424 Clapham, V. M., 89 Clark, D.H., 141, 190, 202, 208, 211,
212, 213 Clark, G., 254 Clayton, D. D., 54, 55, 67, 159, 161 Clear, J., 254 Cleary, M. N., 173 Cline, J. E., 373 Cocconi, G., 249, 254 Cohen, M., 117, 128 Cohen, R. S., 128, 129, 141, 173 Cohen, S., 424 Cole, G. D., 373 Colgate, S. A., 19,37,232,297 Collins, L. A., 236, 240 Collins, R. A., 225 Connell, J. J., 403 Cooke, D. J., 173 Cooper, B., 312 Corbato, S., 37, .261,278 Cork, B., 373
462
Cosmovici, C. B., 313 Cowan, J. J., 181, 185,202 Cowen, V. G., 37 Cowsik, R., 21, 22, 37, 49, 67,
172, 173, 211, 213, 383, 384, 390
Cox, D. P., 239 Crane, P. C., 203 Crane, S. G., 375 Crary, D., 424 Crawford, D. F., 190, 202 Crawford, H. J., 67, 373, 374 Cumming, J. B., 368, 372 Cummings, A. C., 318, 323 Cunningham, G., 17, 36, 37, 97,
104 Czarny, P., 128
Dadykin, V. L., 254 Daily, T., 278 Dake, S., 36, 37 Dame, T. M., 128, 129,172,173 Daniel, R. R., 38 Danilova, T., 259 Dar, A., 273, 278 Dardo, M., 254 Davidson, r., 278 Davis, L., Jr., 48, 67 Davis, R., 263 Dayton, B., 69 De Geus, E., 129 De Jager, C., 114, 129 De Loore, C., 133, 150, 151, 162 DeMarzo, C., 424 DeVincenzi, M., 425 Deakyne, M., 278 Dearborn, D. S. P., 152, 154, 155,
156, 161, 308, 403 Dedenko, L., 259 Denskat, K. D., 326, 330, 331, 338 Dickel, J. R., 210, 213 Diehl, R., 150
Dimopoulos, S., 297,438 Dingus, B. L., 405 Dirac, P. A. M., 293, 297 Dodd, W. W., 212, 213 Dodds, D., 165, 169,170,171,173 Domingo, V., 38 Donn, B., 31 2 Doorn, C., 138, 150, 151, 162 Dorland, R., 137, 138, 145, 146,
150 Dostrovsky, r., 358, 372 Dowkontt, P. F., 403 Drell, S. D., 298, 425 Dropesky, B. J., 373 Drukier, A, K., 427, 438, 439 Drukier, L. 0' C ., 127, 129, 211, 213 Duin, R. H., 188,203,210,213 Duncan, D. K., 130 Dune, M., 430, 438 Dupree, A. K., 114, 129 Durdin, J. M. 213 Durnley, A. C., 338 Dwarakanath, K. S., 203 Dyer, P., 375, 376, 379 Dzikowsky, T., 259
Earl, J., 326, 338 Ebihara; M., 5, 36,72,74,81,84,
88, 154, 161 Ebisu, T., 298 Efimov, N. M., 17, 37 E ic h 1 er, D., 2 1, 37, 1 30, 1 72, 1 73 ,
273, 278 Ekers, R. D., 202 Elliot, R., 338 Ellsworth, R. W., 405 Emerson, D. T., 213 Engel, A. R., 338 Engelmann, J. J., 91, 96,140,149,
150 Epstein, J. W., 403 Epstein, R. I., 21, 37
Erickson, W. C., 210, 213 Erlykin, A., 259 Ernwein, J., 267, 278 Erriquez, 0., 424 Esobar, I., 38 Evans, J. C., 438 Evatt, R., 312 Evenson, P. A., 2, 37, 38
Falgarone, E., 129, 130 Farber, S. M., 438 Fahri, E., 426 Favuzzi, C., 424 Fegan, D. J., 254 Fe i gel s on, E. D., 1 1 7, 1 1 9, 1 28 ,
129 Felcini, M., 424 Felenbok, P., 129 Fenyves, E. J., 278 Fermi, E., 19,37 Ferrari-Toniolo, M., 151 Fesen, R., 207, 213 Ficenec, D., 424 Fichtel, C. E., 16, 17, 26, 37,
169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 273, 278
Fickle, R. K., 36, 89, 372, 403 Filz, R. S., 349, 350, 355 Fischler, W., 438 Fisher, A. J., 14,37,38,69,430 Fisk, L. A., 23,37,317,318,323, Fixsen, D. J., 36, 88, 89 Flaminio, V., 424 Fleischer, R. L., 3, 37, 298 Foley, K. J., 377, 379 Fomin, U., 259 Fomin, V. P., 254 Fomin, Yu. A., 38 Fontaine, G., 115, 129 Fontes, P., 374 Forbush, S., 58, 315, 323 Ford, K., 298 Ford, V. L., 235, 239
Forman, M. A., 151 Forman, W., 438 Forrest, D. J., 39, 69 Foti, G., 312
463
Fowler, P. H., 3, 9, 37, 49, 67, 89 Fowler, W. A., 156, 161, 162,262,
278 Fransson, C., 21, 37, 236, 239 Franz, E. M., 372 Frazier, E. N., 130 Freese, K., 433, 436, 438 Freier, P. S., 3,24,37, 39,40,
67, 89, 360, 373, 403 Fried, J. W., 130 Fried, P. M., 239 Friedlander, G., 272, 273 Fritz, T. A., 348, 355 Fuchs, B., 236, 239 Fuki, M., 36, 37 Fulks, G., 320, 323
Gaebler, J., 38 Gaetz, T. J., 136, 150 Gaisser, T. K., 273, 278, 409, 425 Galbraith, W., 248, 254 Gallper, A. M., 409 Gallager, J. S., 428 Garcia-Munoz, M., 12, 13, 14,23,
25,26,27,37,38,52,67, 94,95,96,317,323,383, 390, 402
Gardner, M., 297 Garrard, T. L., 36, 68, 88, 89,
372 Garrett, C. K., 372 Gavin, J., 259 Gay, A. M., 37,89 Gehrz, R. D., 159, 161 Geiss, J., 126, 127, 129 Gelmini, G., 429, 437, 438 Gentile, L. C., 70 Giacomelli, G., 424, 426
464
Giannini, G., 424 Gibbs, K., 254 Gibson, A. r., 254 Gibson, D. M., 130 Giglietto, N., 424 Gilliland, R. L., 123, 129 Gilman, D. A., 121, 122, 129 Ginzburg, V. L., 22, 25, 38, 198,
201, 202 Gioia, I. M., 130 Giubellino, P., 425 Glashow, S. L., 426 Gleeson, L., J., 317, 318, 323,
326, 335, 338 Gloeckler, G., 22, 38 Gold, T., 225 Goldberg, R. A., 349, 350, 355 Golden, R. L., 10, 38 Goldreich. ~., 215, 216, 225 Goldstein, M. L., 326, 338 Golub, L., 130 Gombosi, T., 327, 338 Gonzales-Mestres, L., 439 Goodman, J. A., Lf05 Goodman, M., 428, 438 Gorenstein, P., 44, 67 Goret, P., 68, 107, 128, 150 Goss, W. M., 202, 212, 213 Goto, E., 298 Gottesman, S. T., 181, 202 Gottwald, M., 173 Grabelsky, D. A., 128, 173 Graham, D. A., 202, 203 Grancagnolo, G., 424 Graney, P. E., 67 Grasdalen, G. L., 159, 161 Green, D. A., 205, 207, 210, 211,
213 Green, G., 333, 338 Green, P., 425 Gregory, J. C., 36, 37 Greiner, D. E., 13, 14, 40, 44,
52,67, 70, 373, 374, 403 Greisen, K., 243, 254 Grenier, D. R., 373
Grenier, r., 129 Grevesse, N., 45, 67, 71, 78,85,
86, 88 Grianti, F., 424 Grieder, P. K. F., 143, 151 Grigorov, N. L., 17, 38 Grillo, A., 424 Grindlay, J. E., 123, 130, 254 Grochalska, B., 259 Groom, D., 269, 278 Grossman, D. P., 89 Grunsfeld, J. M. 381 Grutter, A., 367, 372 Gry, C., 138, 151 Gull, S. F., 187,202,212,213 Gunn, J. E., 215, 216, 225 Gupta, S. K., 405 Gursky, H., 254 Gurzadyan, G. A., 111, 129 Guzik, T. G., 13, 29, 32, 33, 37,
38, 45, 67, 339
Hackwell, J. A., 159, 161 Hagan, F. A., 13,37,38,69 Hagelin, J. S., 438 Haggrnark, L. G., 438 Hainebach, K. L., 89 Haisch, B. M., 111, 129 Halzen, F., 409 Hamann, W. R., 11 4, 1 30 Hamilton, D. C., 326, 338 Hanami, H., 1 5 1 Hara, T., 298 Hardiman, M., 297 Harding, A. K., 169, 173 Harnden, F. R., 130 Harris, M. J., 161 Harrison, A.B., 254
Hartman, Ro Co, 170, 173 Hartmann, Lo tvo, 119, 129, 130 Harvey, Jo Ao, 297 Haslam, Co Go To, 171, 173, 187,
192, 202, 203, 213, 233 Hasselman, Ko, 325, 326, 329,
338 Hatton, CoJo, 60, 68 Hausler, Bo, 355 Haustein, Po Eo, 372 Hayakawa, So, 201, 202 Hayashi, To, 36, 37 Hayashida, No, 298 Heckman, Ho Ho, 349, 354, 355,
373, 374 Hedgecock, Po, 338 Hegyi, Do Jo, 438 Heiles, Co, 171, 173 Heinz, Ro, 424 Helfand, Do Jo, 123, 128 Henderson, Do, 372 Henshaw, Do Lo, 89 Hensley, Wo Ko, 438 Herbig, Go, 117 Hermsen, wo, 21, 38, 109, 128,
140, 151, 172, 173, 174 Hess, V 0 F 0, 1, 225 Hewish, Ao, 225 Heydegger, Ho Ro, 367, 372 Higashi, So, 269 Higdon, J 0 Co, 169, 170, 173 Hi1las, Ao Mo, 16, 17,21,38,
98, 104,227,228,232,243, 247, 254, 273, 278, 381, 383, 390, 405, 409
Hinshaw, Go Fo, 366, 372 Holeman, Eo, 349, 350, 355 Hollenbach, Do, 304-306, 312 Holmes, JoAo, 156, 161, 162, 172,
173 Holynski, Ro, 36, 37 Honda, Mo, 298 Horan, So, 38
Houston, Bo Po, 172 Hovestadt, Do, 342, 351, 352, 355 Howard, Wo Mo, 89, 162 Hsieh, Ko Co, 326, 338 Hubbard, Eo No, 156, 162 Hudis, Jo, 368, 372 Huggett, Ro Wo, 37
465
Humphreys, Ro Mo, 133, 151, 155, 161 Hunt, Go Co, 202 Hunter, So Do, 37 Husain, Lo, 368, 372 Hynds, Ro, 338
Iarocci, Eo, 224 Ibanez, Lo Eo, 438 Iben, 1., Jro, 162, 180,202 Ide, No, 424 Incandela, Jo, 424 Isenberg, Po Ao, 317, 323 Israel, Mo Ho, 36, 68, 88, 89, 372,
403 Issa, Mo Ro, 56, 68, 169, 171 lucci, No, 59, 68 Iwai, Jo, 36, 37
Jackson, Po Do, 240 Jacobson, Ao So, 162 Jaffe, Ro Lo, 426 Jansky, Ko Go, 191,202 Jelley, Jo Vo, 248, 254 Johnson, Ro Eo, 312 Johnson, Ro Go, 355 Johnson, Wo, 405 Johnston, Ko Jo, 266, 278 Jokipii, Jo Ro, 21, 22,38,239,
317,318,319,325,328,330, 338
Jones, Co, 438 Jones, Fo Co, 239, 326, 327, 328,
338 Jones, Ko Wo, 438
466
Jones, M. D., 89, 372 Jones, W. V., 36, 37 Jordan, S. P., 30, 38, 93, 95, 96 Joy, A., 117 Jugaku, J., 119, 130 Julian, W. R., 215, 216, 225 Juliusson, E., 26, 38, 47, 48, 68,
70, 150 Jurak, A., 36, 37
Kafatos, M., 50, 68 Kaiser, T. B., 326, 330, 338 Kajino, F., 279 Kakhkharov, M. K., 38 Kamata, K., 38, 298, 243 Kanbach, G., 109, 129, 172, 173,
174 Kanbach, K., 151 Kane, G. L., 438 Karakula, 5., 259 Karle, J., 305, 312 Katcoff, 5., 368, 372 Kato, M., 327, 338 Kaufman, S. B., 360, 361, 362,
363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 372
Kearsey, 5., 173, 233 Keene, N. j., 189, 203 Kellman, S. A., 236, 239 Kenderdine, 5., 212, 213 Kertzman, M. P., 49, 68, 364, 372 Khakimov, N. Kh., 38 Khanna, R., 312 Khazan, Ya. M., 38 Khristiansen, G. B., 17, 38 Kidd, J. M., 37 Kieda, D., 37, 261, 278 Kifune, T., 298 King, A. R., 266, 279 Kinzer, R. L., 69 Kirkman, I. W., 254 Kirsten, T., 372
Kish, J. C., 13,40,70,374,403 Klapisch, R., 373 Klarmann, J., 36, 49, 68, 88, 89,
372, 403 Klein, K. L., 121, 129 Klein, U., 173,210,213 Klinger, J., 313 Kniffen, D. A., 169, 172, 173, 174 Kobayashi, M., 298 Koch-Miramond, L., 47, 52, 68, 129,
130, 150 Kochagin, P. V., 15 Kodaira, K., 171, 173 Kohlhorster, W., 225 Kolb, E. W., 297, 438 Kolm, R. R., 298 Konda, T., 298 Konnert, J. R., 305, 312 Kopriva, D. A., 338 Kortzinos, M., 297 Koshiba, A. M., 297 Kota, J., 326, 338 Kotlicki, A., 433, 439 Kouiriti, M., 439 Koyama, K., 145, 147, 151 Kozlovsky, B., 39 Kraushaar, W. L., 239 Kroeger, R., 30, 38 Kroll, N. M., 298, 425 Krombel, K. E., 36,89 Kronberg, P. P., 235, 240 Kudritzki, R. P., 114, 129 Kulikov, G., 259 Kulsrud, R. M., 172, 173,236,237 Kundt, W., 21, 38 Kunow, R., 338 Kurfess, J. D., 69 Kwitter, K. B., 136, 151
LaPointe, M., 17, 38 Lachieze-Rey, M., 236, 237, 239 Lacy, J. L., 38
Lada, C. J., 11 9, 1 29 Lagage, P.O., 20, 38, 142, 143,
149, 151 Lagarde-Simonoff, M., 360, 372 Lago, J. L., 119 Lago, M. T. V. T., 129, 130 Lake, G., 229, 230, 231, 232 Lamanna, E., 425 Lamb, S. A., 155, 162 Lamers, H. G. J. 1. M., 151 Lande, K., 37, 261, 262, 278 Landecker, T. L., 192, 203 Landstreet, J. D., 128 Lane, C., 297, 424 Langley, R. A., 355 Lanzerotti, L. J., 312 Larimer, R. M., 375 Lattimer, J. M., 425 Laubis, B., 425 Laue, H., 225 Lavrukhina, A. K., 361, 362, 372 Lazareff, B., 151 LeGross, M., 439 Lebrun, F., 128, 151, 168, 173,
174 Lee, C. K., 37, 261, 278 Lee, H., 273, 278 Lee, M. A., 300, 306, 312, 323,
328 Leer, E., 172 Leinemann, R., 225 Lerche, I., 21, 38, 172, 173 Lesko, K. T., 375 Lestrade, J. F., 121, 130 Let aw, J. R., 39, 4 1, 5 1, 68,
70, 78, 31, gS, 130, 357, 358, 360, 361, 363, 365, 366, 373, 374
Levreault, R., 180, 203 Lezniak, J. A., 40 Li Ti Pei, 68, 172 Lindstrom, P. J., 67, 360, 373,
467
374 Ling, J. C., 162 Lingenfelter, R.E., 18, 39, 93, 96 Linsky, J. L., 115, 129, 130 Linsley, J., 16, 17, 36, 37, 227,
233, 405 Liss, T. M., 297 Little, A. G., 213 Liu, G., 424 Lloyd-Evans, J., 37 Lockman, F. J., 237, 239 Lockwood, J. A., 316, 320, 323 Lofgren, E. J., 37 Long, J., 69 Longair, M. S., 176, 192, 193, 194,
195, 196, 197, 198, 199,201, 203
Longo, M., 424 Lord, J. J., 36, 37 Lotts, A. P., 254 Lovelace, R. V. E., 228, 231,232 Luchkov, B. I., 409 Luciani, J. F., 143, 145, 151 Lucy, L. B., 113, 114, 128, 129 Lund, N., 150 Lundstrom, 1., 135, 151 Lyne, A. G., 171, 173 Lynn, B. W., 438 Lyons, L. R., 344, 355
Maccacaro, T., 130 Machmudov, B. M., 38 Macrae, J. H., 254 Maddalena, R. J., 173 Maeder,A., 131, 133, 138, 150, 151,
154, 156, 162, 403 Meahl, R. C., 37, 69 Mahoney, M. J., 210, 213 Mahoney, W. A., 55, 68, 153, 154,
162 Hakishima, K., 151 Malyshev, V. V., 372
468
Mamontova, N. A., 38 Manchester, R. N., 173,235,239 Mandrioli, G., 424, 426 Mangeney, A., 123, 129, 130 Manka, A., 424 Marcantonio, K. J., 312 Marcy, G. W., 125, 129 Margiotta, A., 424, 426 Margolis, S. H., 37, 38, 45, 68 Marin, A., 424 Marini, A., 424 Marscher, A. P., 181, 202 Marshak, M. L., 266, 269, 278 Marshall, E. M., 278 Martellotti, G., 425 Marzari-Chiesa, A., 425 Masheder, M. R. W., 37, 89 Mason, G. M., 38 Mason, K., 268, 278 Masse, P., 150 Masso, E., 428 Mathews, G. J., 89 Mathewson, D. 5., 195,203,235,
239 Mathis, J. 5., 171, 173, 305,
306, 312 Matsubara, Y., 298 Matthaeus, W., 326, 338 Mauger, B. G., 38 Maurette, M., 37 Maxson, C. W., 130 May, A., 439 May, J., 129 Mayer, C. J., 172 Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A., 128,
151, 173, 174 Mayor, M., 128 Maze, R., 259 Mazurek, T.L., 425 McCray, R., 39, 151, 428 McDonald, F. B., 60, 61, 68, 318,
319, 320, 323
McGregor, K. B., 113, 128 McKee, C. F., 138, 151, 173, 239 McKibben, R. B., 61, 68 Me in, P., 130 Meneguzzi, M., 69 Mereghetti, 5., 130 Merenyi, E., 338 Mermilliod, J. C., 138, 151 Mestel, L., 128 Metropolis, N., 358, 373 Mewaldt, R. A., 14,30,31,39,402 Mewe, R., 111, 1 13, 11 6, 129 Meyer, J. P., 5, 6, 8, 14, 31, 32,
34, 39, 44, 45, 49, 67, 71, 78, 85, 86, 88, 95, 106, 107, 109, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 196, 203, 392, 403
Meyer, P., 37, 38, 47, 48, 68, 69, 93, 95, 96
Meynet, G., 138, 151 ;'[ezger, P. G., 173 Miah, M. A., 339 Michaud, G., 121, 129, 130 Michel, F. C., 21, 39 Miley, H. 5.,438 Miller, J. M., 373 Mills, B. Y., 205, 213 Milne, D. K., 210, 211, 213 Mitchel, J. W., Miyamura, 0., 36, 37 Mizera, P. F., 342, 351, 352, 353,
355 Monacell, P., 424 Montmerle, T., 44, tiS, 105, 106,
117, 118, 119, 121, 128, 129, 130, 131, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 173
Moore, :1. H., 312 M'oore, R •• 151 Mora, P., 151 Morello, C., 254
Morfill, G. E., 69, 300, 312, 326, 328, 355, 457
Morgan, G., 37 Mori, M., 298 Moritz, J., 402, 411, 412, 413,
415 Morrison, P., 252, 254 Moses, R. T., 37, 89 Mouschovias, T. C., 236, 239 Moussas, X., 325, 326, 327, 328,
329, 335, 337, 338 Mueller, M. T., 298, 425 Mufson, S., 424 Mullan, D. J., 138, 151 Muller, D., 38,48,49, 68, 69 Mundt, R., 119, 130 Murakami, K., 38 Murphy, D. C., 129 Murphy, R. J., 33, 39 Musser, J., 424 Mus s iI, C., 31 2 Mutel, R. L., 121, 130
Nadyozhin, D. K., 425 Nagle, D. E., 405 Nakai, M. Y., 355 Nakano, G. H., 350, 353, 355 Nappi, E., 424 Navarra, G., 254 Neckel, T., 130 Neidhardt, B., 364, 373 Nelson, A. H., 235, 240 Neshpor, Yu. I., 254 Nesterov, V. E., 38 Nesterova, N. M., 254, 259 Neubauer, F. M., 330, 331, 338, Newport, B. J., 68, 81, 88, 89,
372 Ng, C. K., 318, 323, 326, 333,
338 Nieschmidt, E. B., 373 Nieuwenhuijzen, H., 129
Nikolsky, S., 259 Nishijima, ~., 298 Nishimura, J., 243, 254 Nordsieck, K. H., 305, 312 Norman, E. B., 375 Nousek, J. A., 237, 239 Novikov, I. D., 229, 231 Noyes, R. W., 114, 123, 138 Nussinov, S., 430 Nyman, L. A., 129
469
O'Brien, H. A., 373 O'Dell, H. F., 30, 39, 48, 52, 69 O'Neill, T., 57, 69 O'Sullivan, D., 89 Oberauer, L., 439 Oda, H., 37 Ogata, T., 36, 37 Ogelman, H. B., 173, 174 Ohno, Y., 298 Olive, K. A., 438 Olsen, D. L., 360, 361, 373 Oppenheimer, F., 37 Orford, K. J., 254 Ormes, J. F., 24, 37, 38, 39, 47,
48, 49, 69, 70, 172, 173, 323 Orth, C. J., 367, 373 Ortolani, S., 313 Osborne, J. L., 173, 233 Ostriker, J. P., 21, 36, 50, 67,
171, 172, 173, 215, 216, 225, 239, 438, 439
Otroshchenko, I. V., 425 Ounembo, A., 424 Owens, A.J., 327, 338 Owens, J. T., 338 Owocki, S. P., 138, 144, 151 Ozel, M. E., 173
Pacini, F., 185,202,203 Pal, Y., 37 Palamara, 0., 425 Pallavicini, R., 115, 130
470
Palmer, P., 202 Panagia, N., 173, 178, 179, 181,
186, 188, 203 Parisi, M., 68 Parke, S. J., 298, 425 Parker, E. N., 235, 236, 237,
239, 269, 279, 294, 298, 317, 323, 413, 425
Parnell, T. A., 36, 37 Parsignault, D. R., 252, 253,
254, 268, 278, 349, 350, 355
Paterno, L., 128 Patrizii, t., 424, 426 Patterson, J. R., 247, 254 Paul, J. A., 20, 37, 107, 128,
153, 154, 161, 173, 403 Pauldrach, A., 129 Pazzi, R., 424 Pearce, W. P., 172, 173 Peck, C., 424 Peimbert, M., 119, 130 Pellat, R., 151, 239 Pennypacker, C. R., 36, 150 Penston, J. S., 315, 317, 318, 323 Perret-Gallix, D., 439 Perron, C., 68, 69, 360, 373, 374 Persi, P., 139, 151 Peters, B., 22, 37, 39, 50, 69,
383, 384, 390 Peters, F., 438 Petrakis, J., 424 Petrera, S., 425 Petrillo, L., 425 Pettini, M., 237 Phillipps, S., 171, 173,227,
232 Pilkington, J. D. H., 225, Pirronello, V., 299, 304, 310, 312,
313 Pistilli, P., 425 Poate, J. M., 312
Poferl-Kertzman, M., 360, 373 Pollock, A. M. T., 37, 139, 140,
151, 165, 1 74 Polyakov, A. M., 297 Porile, N. T., 368, 373 Porter, N. A., 254 Posa, F., 424 Poulard, G., 424 Pounds, K.A., 266, 279 Praderie, F., 123, 129 Prantzos, N., 45, 169, 134, 138,
142, 151, 154, 155, 156, 158, 162, 392, 403
Preskill, J., 297 Price, P. B., 36, 37, 89, 278, 298,
425 Price, R., 438 Protheroe, R. J., 49, 69, 70, 172,
173 Ptuskin, V. S., 38 Pudritz, R. E., 237, 228, 229, 230 Pu 1 s, J., 1 29 Pyle, K. R., 37, 38, 68
Quenby, J. J., 325, 326, 329, 330, 333, 338
Rabinowitz, P., 358, 372 Raby, S., 438 Raisbeck, G. M., 51, 69, 360, 373,
374 Rakhimova, N. R., 38 Ramanarnurthy, P. V., 279, 405, 409 Ramaty, R., 18, 39, 55, 56, 57, 69,
93,96,377,379 Ramello, L., 425 Ramirez, A., 312 Rapoport, I. D., 38 Rasmussen, I. L., 22, 39, 68, 150 Reames, D. V., 26, 37 Reeves, H., 56, 57, 69 Reeves, J. H., 438
Regnier, S., 372 Reid, R. J. 0., 36, 37 Reno, J., 438 Revina, L. D., 372 Reynolds, S.P., 188, 203 Reynoldson, J., 424 Ribes, E., 111, 130 Richardson, I., 335, 338 Richter, A. K., 326, 338 Rieger, E., 69 Riley, P. A., 68,172,173 Rimini, E., 312 Rindi, A., 424 Ristinen, R. A., 438 Rodono, M., 128 Rodriguez, L. F., 151 Roederer, J. G., 373 Romakhin, V., 259 Ronga, F., 424 Rosa, G., 425 Rose, W. K., 240 Rosner, R., 110, 111, 113, 115,
121, 130 Rossi, B., 254 Roth, M., 151 Rubakov, V., 297 Ruderman, M. A., 298,425, Rudstam, G., 358, 259, 371,
373 Rudy, C. R., 373 de Rujula, A., 426 Rump le, W., 312 Ru t ten, R. G • H., 1 1 5, 1 1 6, 1 23 ,
no Ryan, M. J., 17,39 Rybicki, G. B., 138, 151 Rygg, T. A., 323 Ryter, C. E., 1 74
Sa, C., 11 9, 1 30 Saar, S. H., 125, 130 Sacco, B., 173
Saito, T., 36, 37 Sakai, T., 338 Sakashita, S., 138, 151 Sakurai, T., 123, 130 Salamon, M. H., 36, 298
471
Salpeter, E. E., 136, 150, 305, 306, 312
Salter, C. J., 173, 187,202,213 Salvati, M., 185, 202, 203 Samorski, M., 21, 39, 254, 259, 405,
409 Sancisi, R., 194, 202 Sandage, A., 179, 202 Sandberg, V. D., 405 Sanders, W. T., 239 Sanzani, G., 424 Sarcander, M., 130 Sarkar, S., 211, 213 Satarova, L. M., 372 Satta, L., 424 Sauvageon, H., 372 Savage, B. D., 237 Savenko, I. A., 38 Sawyer, D. M., 342, 355 Scaeffer,O. A., 372 Scheuer, P. A. G., 210, 213 Schillaci, M. E., 373 Schimmerling, W., 67 Schindler, S. M., 36, 150 Schlickeiser, R., 21, 24, 38, 39,
172, 173, 239 Schluter, W., 333, 338 Schmidt, W. K. H., 39 Schmitt, J. H. M. M., 115, 130 Schmutz, W., 114, 130 Scholer, M., 18, 39, 342, 343, 355 Schonfelder, V., 150 Schouten, J., 297 Schramm, D. N., 45, 67, 89, 155,
156, 161, 162, 438 Schreier, E., 254 Schrier, D. A., 40, 70, 374, 403
472
Schrij ver, C. J., 115, 116, 123, 130
Schwenn, R., 338 Schwinger, J., 293, 297 Sciubba, A., 425 Scott, P. F., 225 Scoville, N. Z., 17 Seamster, A. G., 375, 379 Sear, J. F •• 338 Sedov, L. 1., 187, 2C3 Seidel, W., 439 Seielstad, G. A., 186, 203 Serra, P., 424, 426 Severi, M., 425 Seward, F. D., 150 Shapiro, M. M., 25, 28, 39, 41,
47,48,52,67,69, 70, 106, 130, 228, 232, 233, 273, 279
Shapiro, P., 151 Shapiro, S. L., 278, 425 Share, G. R., 55, 69 Shaver, P. A., 212, 213 Shea, M. A., 64, 66, 69, 70,
322, 323 Shibata, S., 38 Shirk, E. K., 89 Shklovskii,1. S., 185,203,211,
212 Shoub, E.C., 144, 151 Shu, F.R., 236, 239, 240 Silberberg, R., 21, 22, 24, 28,
34, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 67, 08, 69, 70, 8J, 106, 130, 228, 233, 273, 279, 357, 353, 359, 360, 361, 363, 365, 366, 367, 370, 371, 373, 374
Silva, D. R., 123, 130 Simard-Normandin, M., 235, 240 Simmons, E., 9, 312 Simon, M., 17, 22, 39, 382, 390 Simon, T., 1 30
Simonoff, G.N., 372 Simpson, G.A., 40 Simpson, J. A., 6,9,14,25,37,
38,39,52,67,68,91,92,96, 381, 382, 390, 402
Sinha, R. P., 240 Sohan, F., 39 Skandron, K. G., 172 Skilling, J., 168, 172, 174 Skumanich, A., 111, 130 Sletten, R., 424 Smart, D. F., 64, 69, 70, 322, 323 Smith, B. W., 239 Smith, C., 424 Smith, D. F., 141, 144, 151 Smith, E. S., 408, 409 Smith, F. G., 235,240 Smith, J. R., 161 Smith, L. G., 341, 355 Smith, L. R., 26, 39,48, 70, 323 Smoluchowski, R., 305, 306, 307,
312 Smoot, G. F., 39, 70 Smythe, C., 130 Snow, T. P., 1 8, 39 Soberblom, D. R., 129 Sofia, S., 68 Sokurov, V. F., 17, 37 Solie, D., 425 Solomon, P. M., 174 Soltan, A., 231, 233 Sorrell, W.R., 227 Soutoul, A., 46, 47, 68, 70, 150 Spalding, J.D., 39, 402 Spergel, D. N., 429, 433, 437, 438 Spiegelhauer, R., 39 Spinelli, P., 424 Spinetti, M., 424 Spitzer, L., 237, 240 Spjeldvik, W. N., 348, 355 Spurio, M., 424, 426 Sramek, R. A., 178, 179, 181,203
Srednicki, M., 430, 438 Srinivansan, G., 203 Stalio, R., 131, 150 Stamenov, J., 255, 259 Stamm, ~.;r., 241, 21, 39, 254, 259,
405, 409 Stanev, T., 259, 278, 409, 425 Stankevich, K .. S., 208, 212, 213 Starkman, G. D., 438 Stassinopoulos, E. G., 348, 349,
355 Stauffer, J.R., 129 Stecker, F. W., 139, 151, 169,
173, 174 Steinberg, E.P., 360, 361, 362,
363, 364, 365, 367, 372 Steinberg, R. I., 278, 424 Stenflo, J. 0., 130 Stenger, V. J., 273, 279 Stenholm, B., 135, 151 Stephanian, A. A., 254, 405, 409 Stephens, S. A., 22, 38, 39, 49,
70, 236, 238, 239 Stiller, B., 39, 48, 69 Stocke, J.T., 130 Stodolsky, L., 433, 439 Stoenner, R. W., 372 Stoffel, R., 173, 233 Stoker, P. R., 66, 70 Stone, E. C., 32, 36, 39, 68, 88,
89, 128, 372, 402 Stone, J. L., 279, 424 Storini, M., 68 Storm, M., 373 Stormer, C., 63, 64, 70 Strausz, S., 36 Strazzulla, G., 312 Strecker, D. W., 161 Streitmatter, R. E., 50, 70 Strom, R. G., 188,203,210,212,
213 Strong, A. W., 128, 151, 168, 170,
173, 174 Sturrock, P.A., 228, 233 Suga, K., 38 Sulak, L., 424 Sullivan, W. T., 192,203 Swanenburg, B. N., 254, 317, 321,
323 Swank, J., 150 Swinson, L. R., 322, 323 Swordy, S.P., 387, 390 Symons, T. J. M., 67
473
Syrovatskii, S.l., 25,28, 198, 201, 202
Szabelski, J., 97 Szymkoviak, A., 150
Taber, M., 297 Tabuki, T., 36, 37 Takahashi, K., 89, 156, 159, 162 Takahashi, Y., 36, 37 Talaga, R. L., 405 Talavera, A., 128 Tarnai, E., 338 Tanmann, G. A., 179, 202, 203 Tan, S. M., 212, 213 Tanahashi, G., 298 Tanaka, Y., 151 Tandon, S. N., 37 Tang, J., 49, 69 Tapia, M., 151 Tarle, G., 36, 279, 394, 403, 424 Tashpulatov, R. T., 38 Taylor, J. R., 173 Teshima, M., 298 Thaddeus, P., 128, 129, 172, 173 Thielheim, K. 0., 215, 255, 236, 239 Thomas, T. D., 273 Thomasson,P., 173, 203 Thompson, D.J., 170, 172, 173, 174 Thomson, R. C., 235, 240 Thorne, K. S., 229, 232 Toburen, L. R., 342, 355
474
Tominaga, T., 36, 37 Torres, A. V., 150 Torres, S., 297, 425 Torrisi, L., 312 Totsuka, Y., 298 Touissaint, J., 69 Toyoda, Y., 38 Trainor, J. H., 68 Tran Thanh Van, J., 130, 151 Trower, H. 1'., 293, 297, !+11, 425 Trumper, J., 18, 39 Truran, J. W., 162 Tsao, C. H., 24, 39, 41, 48, 52,
67,68,69, 70, 38, 130, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 363, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374
Tsunemi, H., 151 Tucker, W., 438 Tuffs, R. J., 212,213 Turner, T., 173 Turkevich, A., 373 Turner, M. J. L., 151 Turner, M.S., 269, 279, 298, 425 Turrell, B., 439 Turtle, A~ J., 213 Turver, K. E., 21, 39, 254 Tutukov, A. V., 180, 202
Uchida, Y., 123, 130 Ulmer, M. P., 181, 203 Ungerechts, H., 129 Urch, I.H., 318, 323 Ushev, S., 259
Vaiana, G. S., 110, 130 Valdes-Galicia, J. F., 325, 326,
327, 329, 330, 338 Valente, V., 424 Valette, C., 438 Vallee, J. P., 235, 240 Van Buren, D., 151
Van den Bergh, S., 205, 212, 213 Van der Hulst, J. M., 203 Van der Hucht, K. A., 129, 153, 162 Van der Klis, M., 268, 279 Van der Kruit, P. C., 195, 203 Van der Laan, H., 205, 208, 213 Van Ginneken, A., 372 Vangioni-Flam, E., 130, 151 Vankov, Ch. P., 255 Vauclair, G., 121, 130 Vauclair, S., 121, 126, 127, 130 Vaughan, A. H., 115, 121, 128, 130 Verma, R. P., 37 Vestrand, W. T., 273, 278 Vette, J. I., 342, 355 Vidal-Madjar, A., 151 Villoresi, G., 68 Vladimirsky, B. M., 254, 266, 279,
409 Vogt, R. E., 39, 402 Volk, H. J., 127, 168, 173,205,
2 11, 2 1 2, 2 1 3, 300, 306, 31 2 , 326, 338
Volkova, L. V., 425 Voss, H. D., 351, 355
Waddington, C. J., 36, 40, 67, 68, 84, 85, 88, 89, 360, 372, 373, 403
Wahlig, M. A., 39, 70 Walker, R., 227, 233 Walker, R. M., 37,298 Walker, R.N.F., 37, 89 Wallace, P. T., 157, 161 Walmsley, M., 254 Walter, F.M., 121, 130 Wandel, A., 106, 130 Ward, R. A., 89 Warwick, R. S., 145, 151 Wasserberg, G. J., 154, 158, 159,
162 Wasserman, I., 278, 438
Watanabe, T., 298 Watson, A.A., 17,36,37,39,
227, 233, 266, 279, 405, 409
Watson, M. G., 151 Watts, J. W., 37 Ways and , G., 433 Wdowczyk, J., 103, 104,259 Weaver, T. A., 136, 137, 138,
151, 181, 203, 392, 403 Webb, G.M., 139, 151,317, 323 Webb, R., 425 Webb, S., 326, 338 Webber, W.R., 10, 13, 14,30,40,
48, 68, 70, 95, 96, 171, 174, 176, 203, 240, 320, 323, 326, 374, 392, 393, 399, 403
Webster, A. S., 193, 198, 403 Weekes, T. C., 254, 279, 405,
409 Wefel, J. P., 1,339,29,37,
38,43,52,67,71,73, 162, 164
Weiler, K. W., 10,40, 175, 178, 179, 181, 182, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190,203,206, 213
Weisfield, M. W., 372 Weisheit, J. C., 236, 240 Wentzel, D. G., 172, 174, 236,
240 West, K. A., 237 Westergaard, N.J., 50, 69, 383,
384, 390 Westfall, G. D., 360, 374 Wheaton, W. A., 162 Wheeler, J. C., 180,203 White, R.L., 139, 151 White, R. S., 69 Wibberenz, G., 325, 326, 329,
333, 328
475
Wiedenbeck, M. E., 13, 14, 40, 44, 52, 70, 154, 162, 366, 372, 393, 403
Wielebinski, R., 192, 403 Wilczek, F., 297 Wilczynska, B., 36, 37 Wilkes, R. J., 36, 37 Wilkins, B. D., 372 Wilkinson, A., 235, 240 Williams, D. J., 344, 355 Williams, P. M., 153, 162 Williams, R., 405 Willingale, R., 151, 266, 279 Willis, A. J., 133, 150 Wills, R. D., 163, 164 Wilson, A. S., 190,203 Wilson, L. W., 22, 37, 49, 69, 374,
383, 384, 390 Wilson, W. D., 438 Wilson, W. E., 173,202,203 Winn, M.M., 97, 104 Witten, E., 420, 425, 428, 438 Wolfendale, A. W., 68,103,104,172,
173, 174 Wolfenstein, L., 425 Wo If f, S. C., 115, 121, 130 Wolter, W., 36, 37 Woltjer, L., 187,203 Woman, N. A., 438 Woodward, P. R., 239 Woosley, S. E., 156, 161, 162, 181,
203, 392, 403 Worley, A., 37, 89 Worstell, W., 424 Wosiek, B., 36, 37
Yiou, F., 69, 360, 374 Yodh, G. B., 299, 405, 425 Yokoi, K., 156, 159, 162 Young, J. S., 13, 40, 394, 403 Yuan, L. C. L., 438 Yushak, S. M., 30, 40, 95, 96
476
Zanrosso, E., 69 Zatsepin, V.I., 254 Zavadski, A., 259 Zimmerman, B. A., 161, 162 Zipse, J. E., 38 Zobel, W., 377, 379 Zweibel, E. G., 236, 237, 240 Zwickl, R. D., 326, 338 Zwicky, F., 225 Zych, A., 69