Universität LeipzigHistorisches SeminarProfessur für Ur- und FrühgeschichteKlaus Cappenberg

Landscape as a feature:Using GIS for Site Catchment Analysis to compare two types of Early Neolithic sites

Kraków, 27.10.2012

1. Methodical Considerations2. The Exploitation Zone3. Relief-Morphological Factors4. Hydrology5. Soil6. Summary

Surroundings of the Early Neolithic Site of Łoniowa

Lesser Poland and the presented LBK/KCWR-Sites

Vistula

Dunajec

Czech Republic

Slovakia

Lesser Poland

Carpathians

1.

Modified Tobler's Function: Used time to cross 1m in relation to slope

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15Slope/°

Tim

e/s

to c

ross

1m

Slopes above 12° are not included!

1.

15min Catchment Area of all Sites

2.

15min Catchment Area of all Sites

Site AZP-No. Community District Area/m² Dąbrówka 107-53-36 Stryszów Wadowice 1.588.676

Jaroszowice 106-52-9 Wadowice Wadowice 1.596.825

Łoniowa 106-63-80 Dębno Brzesko 3.864.645

Żerków 106-63-65 Gnojnik Brzesko 4.000.024

Gwoździec 106-64-27 Zakliczyn Tarnów 3.832.619

- Done by Path Distance Calculation (Tobler‘s Function) -

Intersection Łoniowa - Żerków = 2.567.570m²

2.

Percentage of every aspect area interval compared between all sites

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%N

Flat

NE

E

SES

SW

W

NW

DąbrówkaGwoździecJaroszowice ŁoniowaŻerków

N=North; NE=North-East; E=East; SE=South-East; S=South; SW=South-West; W=West; NW=North-West

3.

Percentage of aspect area interval distribution of each site compared between all sites

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%N

Flat

NE

E

SES

SW

W

NW

Dąbrówka

Gwoździec

Jaroszowice

Łoniowa

Żerków

N=North; NE=North-East; E=East; SE=South-East; S=South; SW=South-West; W=West; NW=North-West

3.

Percentage of slope area interval compared between all sites

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41

Hangneigung/°

Rel

ativ

er A

ntei

l am

Han

gnei

gung

sint

erva

ll, v

ergl

iche

n zw

isch

en a

llen

Fund

stel

len

Dąbrówka

Jaroszowice

Gwozdziec

Łoniowa

Zerków

Slope Interval/°

3.

Percentage of absolute altitude interval compared between all sites

Absolute Altitude Interval/25m

Area/m²

Dąbrówka

Jaroszowice

Łoniowa

Żerków

Gwoździec

3.

Area/m² of Relief Energy Classes (Range/m/ha) in Relation to 15min Catchment Area

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

100,00%

Dąbrówka J aroszowice Żerków Łoniowa Gwoździec

46-50

41-45

36-40

31-35

26-30

21-25

16-20

11-15

6-10

1-5

0

Relief Energy Class/m/haDistribution compared site by site!

3.

Relief Energy: Maximum Range of elevation on adefined area; used as a figure for flatness/steepnessof terrain

Euclidean Distance to hydrological Sources

Dąbrówka Jaroszowice Żerków Łoniowa Gwoździec

4.

Euclidean Distance: Direct, 2D distance

Percentage of every “soil type” area compared between all sites

„Soil Type“

Loam (Silt)ClayNot specified

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

100,00%

Dąbrówka Jaroszowice Łoniowa Żerków Gwoździec

Löss

Lehm

k. A.

5.

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

100,00%

Dąbrówka Jaroszowice Łoniowa Żerków Gwoździec

Sedimentgestein mit Ton

Podsole mit überwiegend Schluff

Podsol mit überwiegend Ton

Gley

Auenlehm

Auengley

?

(Para)Braunerde mit überwiegend Ton

(Para)Braunerde mit überwiegend Schluff

(Para)Braunerde mit Schluff und Ton

Percentage of every “soil group” areacompared between all sites

CambisolsFluvisolsStagnosolsNot specified

5.

Site Dąbrówka Jaroszowice Żerków Łoniowa GwoździecCatchment Area - - + + +Aspect + - + + +Slope - - + + ++Absolute Altitude / / / / /Relief Energy + ++ + + +Water Distance + + 0 0 0Soil Type 0 0 + + +Soil Group - + - + +Result 0 1 4 6 7

Summary6.

Surroundings of the Early Neolithic Site of Żerków