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LAB MANUAL

GE-104

(Basics of Engineering Drawing)

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Grading

Please see the course specification for the grading scheme and policy

Requirements for the Engineering Drawing laboratory.

This Lab manual was prepared with the help of “Beginner’s guide to Engineering Drawing”. Students should

submit the drawing sheets every exercise.

Engineering Drawing Lab. Policy

and Safety

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Jouf University Academic Dishonesty Policy

Student Conduct: Penalties for academic dishonesty will be severe. Academic dishonesty includes

cheating, plagiarism or sabotage. Cheating includes but is not limited to: (i) unauthorized assistance in

taking quizzes, tests or examinations; (ii) dependence upon the aid of sources beyond those authorized by

the instructor in solving problems or carrying out other assignments; (iii) acquisition or possession without

permission of tests or other academic material belonging to a member of the faculty or staff; (iv)

knowingly providing any unauthorized assistance to another student on quizzes, tests or examinations.

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to: (i) use by paraphrase or direct quotation of the published or

unpublished work of another person without fully and properly crediting the author with references; (ii)

unacknowledged use of materials prepared by another person or agency engaged in the selling of term

papers or other academic materials; or (iii) unacknowledged use of original work/material that has been

produced through collaboration with others without release in writing from collaborators.

Sabotage includes but is not limited to, the unauthorized interference with, modification of, or destruction

of the work or intellectual property of another member of the University community.

Other conduct that is subject to disciplinary action includes the actual or attempted theft or other abuse of

computer time, including but not limited to: (i) unauthorized entry into a file to use, read or change the

contents, or for any other purpose; (ii) unauthorized transfer of a file; (iii) unauthorized use of another

individual's identification and password; (iv) use of computing facilities to interfere with the work of

another student, faculty member or University official; (v) use of computing facilities to interfere with

normal operation of the University computing system; (vi) knowingly causing a computer virus to become

installed in a computer system or file.

For this class, work turned in must be original and represent an individual effort unless otherwise

indicated. IF DUPLICATE COPIES OF PROJECTS OR HOMEWORKS ARE RECEIVED, AN

AUTOMATIC GRADE OF ZERO WILL BE GIVEN TO ALL PARTIES INVOLVED. Code which is

not your own must be referenced (e.g. when using code libraries). Persons observed cheating on tests will

forfeit the test and receive a zero for that test. Names of persons involved in any of these incidents will be

forwarded to the Head of the Department. Those students will be subject to sanctions as outlined in the

general catalog. Sanctions may result in dismissal from the University.

I have read and I understand the Class Policies regarding Student Conduct. I agree to abide by these

policies.

Signed Date:

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GENERAL GUIDELINES AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Engineering Drawing laboratory Environment and Conduct

Laboratory must be kept clean at all times.

Eating or drinking in the laboratory is not allowed.

Working alone in the laboratory is not permitted.

A student must be accompanied by laboratory partners and/or an instructor.

Handling Drawing tools

Strictly follow the instructions provided in the laboratory manual and those given by the

supervisor. If you do not understand any of the instructions make sure you ask the

supervisor.

Fire, First Aid, and Emergency Numbers

Make sure you are aware of the location of fire exits, fire extinguisher, and first aid kit in

your Lab.

In case of emergency, call campus security or 911.

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S. No. Date List of Exercises Page

1. Engineering Drawing Tools

2. Types of Lines

3. Geometry Construction

4. Isometric Drawing

5. Isometric Projection

CONTENTS

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Engineering Drawing Tools

1. Drawing Table 2. T-Square

3. Triangles 4. Adhesive Tape

5. Pencils

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6. Compass 7. Sand papers

8. Eraser 9. Circle Template

10. Tissue paper 11. Cleaner paper

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Type of Lines

1- Objectives:

Identify the types of lines

2- Introduction to Types of Lines:

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Visible/Object Lines

Dark, heavy lines.

Used to represent the outline or contour of the object being drawn.

Define features you can see in a particular view.

Hidden Lines

Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.

Shows the outline of a feature that cannot be seen in a particular view.

Used to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if they clutter a drawing.

Hidden lines should always begin and end with a dash. Exception: When the hidden

line begins or ends at a parallel visible or hidden line.

Dashes should join at corners.

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Section Lines

Thin line usually drawn at a 45 degree angle.

Indicates the material that has been cut through in a sectional view.

Center Lines

Thin line consisting of alternating long and short dashes.

Used to represent the center of round or cylindrical features, or the symmetry of a feature.

Center lines should start and end with long dashes.

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Center lines should intersect by crossing either the long dashes or the short dashes.

Center lines should extend a short distance beyond the object or feature.

Center lines may be connected within a single view to show that two or more features lie in

the same plane. Center lines should not extend through the space between views.

Dimension Lines

Thin lines capped on the ends with arrowheads and broken along their length to provide a

space for the dimension numeral.

They indicate length.

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Extension Lines

Thin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension. Can also be used to show

extension of a surface to a theoretical intersection as shown in (b). Begin 1.5mm

from the object and extend to 3mm beyond the last dimension. They should not cross

dimension lines.

Leader Lines

Thin lines used to connect a specific note to a feature.

Also used to direct dimensions, symbols, item number and part numbers on a drawing.

- Commonly drawn at 45, 30 and 60 degrees.

- Has a short shoulder (3-6mm) at one end beginning at the center of the vertical

height of text, and a standard dimension arrowhead at the other end touching the

feature.

Leader lines should not cross each other.

Leader lines should not be excessively long.

Leader lines should not be vertical or horizontal.

Leader lines should not be parallel to dimension lines, extension lines or section lines.

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Arrowheads

Used to terminate dimension lines and leader lines and on cutting-plane lines and viewing

plane lines.

They should be three times as long as they are wide.

They should be the same size throughout the drawing.

- The filled arrowhead is generally preferred because of its clarity.

Cutting Plane Lines

Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90 degree arrowheads.

Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better see the interior detail.

Break Lines

Break Lines are used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening a part.

Three types of break lines with different line weights:

a) Short Break Lines.

Thick wavy line.

Used to break the edge or surface of a part for clarity of a hidden surface.

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b) Long Break Lines

Long, thin lines.

Used to show that the middle section of an object has been removed so it can be drawn on a

smaller piece of paper.

c) Cylindrical Break Lines.

Thin lines.

Used to show round parts that are broken in half to better clarify the print or to reduce the

length of the object.

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Phantom Lines

Thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with pairs of short dashes.

Three purposes in drawings:

- To show the alternate position of moving parts.

- To show the relationship of parts that fit together.

- To show repeated detail.

Line Precedence

If two lines occur in the same place, the line that is considered to be the least important is

omitted. Lines in order of precedence/importance are as follows:

- Cutting plane line

- Visible line

- Hidden line

- Centerline

Example

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Geometry Construction

Objectives

• Describe the importance of engineering geometry in the design process.

• List the major categories of geometric entities.

• To construct basic sketching with instrument, T-square and triangles.

• List and describe surface geometric forms.

• Describe engineering applications of geometry

1- Bisect a Line or an Angle

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2- Create parallel line through a compass

3- Divide line into equal parts

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4- Create a Tangent Circle - Line:

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5- Create a Tangent Arc - Line:

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6- Create a Tangent Arc – Line / Arc:

7- Create a Tangent Arc – Arc for a Block:

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8- Create a Tangent Arc – Arc for a Block:

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9- Create a Tangent Arc – Arc for a Block:

10- Create a Tangent Arc – Arc for a Block:

Isometric Drawing

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Isometric Drawing

Objectives

Know how to set up and use a drawing board to effectively draw 3D shapes>

Know the principals and how to draw a single point perspective drawing.

Know how to render to make an objective more realistic.

1- How to construct isometric view:

Three adjacent faces on a cube will share a single point. The edges that converge at this point

will appear as 120 degree angles or 30 degrees from the horizon line. These three edges represent

height, width, and depth.

2- The Box Method

The box method is a technique used in sketching to maintain proportionality. It starts

with a sketcher envisioning an object contained within an imaginary box.

Step #1: Layout the box within which the isometric view will occur using points and

construction lines.

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Step #2: Use points and construction lines to identify surfaces that are not parallel to the

faces of the box.

Step #3: Trace out the visible edges of the part with thick, dark object lines.

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ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

Objectives

• To introduce the principles of orthographic projections international standards.

• To explain different reference planes.

• To understand important terms of orthographic projections, such as Plane, Pattern of

planes and views, Methods of drawing orthographic projections.

1. How to create Orthographic projection:

Projection system that is used to derive multiview drawings based on the glass box

model. The single view object is placed in a series of positions (plan or elevation) relative

to the viewing place.

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2. Example for First Angle Projections:

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