knowledge organiser - cedar mount academy

2021-2022

Knowledge Organiser

YEAR GROUP: 7 TERM: 1

NAME FORM

“True ignorance is not the absence of knowledge, but the refusal to acquire it.” – Karl Popper

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 1 Page: 1

How to use your knowledge organiser You are expected to bring your knowledge organiser to the academy every day

This knowledge organiser contains all the key knowledge that you need to know for your learning this term. You should spend at least 30 minutes every evening using the

knowledge organiser to complete a learning homework. You should record the subject or subjects on the learning homework page and show this to your form tutor on a weekly

basis.

You will be tested in lessons on your learning from this knowledge organiser.

In some lessons, your teacher will ask you to learn specific sections of the knowledge organiser, but otherwise you should work through each subject independently, trying to

memorise the information in the booklet. The more you can remember, the more useful it will be for your lessons.

How to learn using a knowledge organiser The best way to use a knowledge organiser is to revise the information so that you can recall it when you are asked. The best methods to do this are:

▪ Look, cover, write and check the key words and knowledge lists

▪ Ask a family or friend member to test you on the knowledge

▪ Create a mind map to remember the information in each section

▪ Write down on a blank piece of paper as much as you can remember from the organiser

▪ Use the knowledge organiser to help you complete work in school and at home


SCHOLAR A scholar is a person who studies a subject and knows a lot about it. “She was a good scholar because she worked so hard in class.”

Every student at CMA is a SCHOLAR

Sitting up ___________ throughout your __________ to ensure maximum ________.

C_____________ yourself with your ______and ____________ when challenged.

Hard __________ to ensure you complete ________ _______to the best of your __________.

O___________ so that no time is wasted and you have ___________ with you at all times.

L___________ to your __________ and to others in the class respectfully and actively, prepared to __________.

A__________ for the very best and ___________with your learning to take you beyond your current ______________.

Respectful of everyone in the ____________, including ___________, staff, governors, visitors and __________.


Art Mark Making

▪ To make your drawings look more realistic. ▪ Use different marks to show

textures and surfaces. ▪ Change the direction, pressure

or length of your marks.

Colour Wheel

Art Formal Elements

What you see when light reflects off something. Red, blue and yellow are primary colours.

A mark which can be long, short, wiggly, straight etc.

How light or dark something is.

How something looks or feels e.g. rough or smooth.

A symbol or shape that is repeated.

A 2D area which is enclosed by a line – e.g. triangle.

Something which has 3 dimensions – e.g. a cube, sphere or a sculpture.

Making Objects Look 3 Dimensional

▪ To prevent your drawings from looking flat, you use a range of tones and marks. ▪ Press harder and lighter and layer with your pencil to create

different depths of tone. ▪ Use the direction of your pencil to help enhance the 2D surface. ▪ Include shadows which will also help objects appear 3

dimensional.

Colours groups

Primary Colours are the 3 main colours. They cannot be made

but are used to make other colours. Secondary Colours are made my mixing 2 primary colours

together. Complementary Colours are opposite on the colour wheel.

Tertiary Colours are made by mixing 1 primary and secondary colour or two secondary colours Harmonious Colours are next to each other on the colour wheel.

Tint – when you add white to a colour to make it lighter.

Shade – when you add black to make the colour darker.


Art Rose Sanderson

Nationality: British and Sanderson is based in Bristol

Style: Illustration and realism

Subject matter: Natural world and insects

Medium: Paint and pencil

Sanderson is ‘fascinated with the distressed textures of peeling wallpaper and decaying surfaces and the natural world.’

Kehinde Wiley Nationality: American

Style: Semi realistic portrait and ornate patterned backgrounds

Subject matter: portraits, wealth and prestige.

Medium: Oil paints

Formal Elements: line, colour, subject and colour

Cultural and personal links: As a black man Wiley wants to challenge the underrepresentation of people of colour in artwork and galleries.

Wiley ‘engages the signs and visual rhetoric of the heroic, powerful, majestic and the sublime in his representation of urban, black and brown men found throughout the world’.

Insect Any group of small animals having no backbone and a three part body.

Antennae A pair off sense organs near the front of the insect’s head.

Swarm A large group of insects all moving together.

Segmented Segmented means divided. The head, thorax and abdomen are segments of an insect.

Mandible A pair of appendages near the insects mouth. This helps the insect crush/cut their food or defend against rivals and predators.

Proboscis The feeding tube used by adult butterflies and moths.

Compound Eye

A type of eye that some arthropods have. It is made up of many parts.

Colony Bees, ants and termites live together in groups called colonies.

Cocoon The silky enclosure spun by the caterpillar. They live in the cocoon until they turn in to an adult insect.

Arthropod The scientific name for insects and arachnids (spiders)

Exoskeleton The hard covering on the outside of the insect that protects or supports the body.


Computing Basic IT skills Teams: A Microsoft based software which allows us to access lessons online, assignments and homework. It also allows you to connect with your teachers. Assignments: An app within a team to allow you to access work for a lesson or potentially a piece of homework. Uploading: A way of putting work online for teachers to access when an assignment is completed. Downloading: A way to access a file offline. Chat: A function within teams to speak to teachers about work completed online. Save: Storing completed work in a folder. Print: Creating a hard copy of work completed on the computer Keyboard Shortcuts: CTRL + C = Copy CTRL + S = Save CTRL + P = Print CTRL + X = Cut CTRL + V = Paste ALT + F4 = Close a document Snipping Tool: A software which allows you to screenshot work. Headers: Adds document titles. Footers: A place to add page numbers Microsoft PowerPoint: A presentation software. Slides: A page within a presentation Animation: A way to make text or images move in a presentation Email: Electronic Mail Microsoft Outlook: Server based email software. CC: Carbon Copy BCC: Blind carbon copy Subject Line: Used in email to say what it is about.

Introduction to Python using Edu blocks Coding: We use coding when making programs. For example, you are used to using blocks in Microbits or Scratch, these are forms of coding as well. Sequence: The instructions for the code Selection: Logical tests to change the flow of sequence Iteration: Looping code to be repeated in a program Turtle: Within python there is a module known as Turtle. We use turtle within python to draw shapes using a set of instructions and iterating it (repeating the code). This way turtle then can independently draw the shapes. Input: During program this is used to make a program user friendly. E.g., it could be something simple as entering a name. Data Types: These are used within programming to specify what data can be entered. In Edu blocks we will be using three types:

• String: A sequence of numbers and letters/special characters

• Integer: For whole numbers • Float: A number with a decimal place

If Statements: In programming, you need to make decisions based on conditions. For example, you can make a program which decides on the weather. Variables: These are known as data containers. For example, if I make a variable in a program called NAME. When a user enters their name, it will be stored using the variable. Variables can be changed. Constants: These are unchangeable unlike variables. Function: A function is a command which contains the steps needed to perform a task. Assignment: It sets or resets a value stored within a variable and can be changed.


Computing History of Computers What is a Computer? A computer is a programmable machine, an electronic device which takes in data, processes it and then outputs the result. Input: Sending data or instructions into the computer. Timeline:

• The abacus was used in Babylon 5000 years ago

• John Napier invented “logarithms”

• GW Leibnitz invented a machine in 1674, It could add, subtract, multiply and divide using rotating dials.

• JM Jacquard was a weaver. In 1804, he adapted the use of punched cards used in musical boxes to control his looms.

• Charles Babbage designed the “Difference Engine” and “Analytical Engine” in the early 19th Century, which was the blueprint used in the invention of the modern electronic digital computer.

• Lady August Ada documented Babbage’s work and wrote programs to run on Babbage's machine.

• Alan Turing published a paper in 1950 that proved a machine capable of processing a stream of 1s and 0s according to programmed instructions would be capable of solving any problem.

• The microelectronics revolution in the 70s allowed computer chips to be mass-produced as an integrated circuit the size of your thumbnail.

• Bill Gates founded Microsoft in 1975 and Steve Jobs founded Apple in 1976.

• Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1990.

• Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google in 1998.

E-safety E-Safety: Electronic Safety. Knowing how to stay safe online when using the Internet. Internet: A collection of networks globally which allow people to access information and products. Browser: A piece of software which requires an internet connection to display websites. WWW: World Wide Web, a collection of websites which allow people to access information, products, and services. Thinkuknow: A website used mainly by teens to get advice on how to stay safe online. It also updates teens on the latest e-safety topics. Cyberbullying: A form of bullying which takes place online via social media. Social Media: A website used by young teens and adults to share information or pictures and videos. Privacy: Knowing when to keep information private from hackers or strangers. Microsoft Word: A piece of software used to write essays, letters, and other types of documents. SPAM: Usually in the form of a junk e-mail asking for personal details. Attachments: A document, file or executable file attached to an email. Virus: When an executable file is attached to a file, sometimes it can contain a virus. Risks: Dangers we need to be aware of when online. CEOP: Child protection agency we report to when we feel unsafe online. Reporting: The way we tell agencies, parents, or teachers if we feel unsafe online.


English

Myth A story mostly concerned with the gods, religion and the supernatural and humankinds' relationship with them. Myths attempt to explain the origins of our world and other spiritual concerns.

Folklore A popular story was passed on in spoken form, from one generation to the next. Fables, fairy tales, old and ‘urban’ legends can be classed as folklore.

Legend A story with its roots in historical fact with mythical qualities. May include heroic characters or fantastic places and creatures. Has cultural significance.

Factual historical event Legendary occurrence Folktale based on cultural truth Mythical event

Facts paramount--- Meaning paramount

TYPES OF MYTH As with most categories, some myths can be more than one!

Aetiological:

These explain the reason why something is the way it is today. For example, a story that explains why we have seasons, or why volcanoes erupt.

Historical:

These are told about a historical event; they help to keep the memory of that event alive, even if the story changes over time.

Psychological:

These try to explain why we feel and act the way we do; gods control or punish behaviours, or choices, that humans make.

Moral: These teach us a moral lesson. They try to change or moult behaviour and act as warnings of what may happen if we transgress natural or moral codes.

Etymology: The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. Example: Arachnophobia – fear of spiders Arachne is also a figure in Roman mythology which takes from Greek mythology – Arachne was a weaver turned into a spider by Athena for suggesting she could weave better than the goddess. She did and was condemned to spin webs for the rest of her life. Phobos – Greek word meaning fear or horror Task: compile a collection of etymological notes for some of the words we see in class. Examples: Cereal – comes from Ceres, Goddess of Agriculture. Cloth – links to the story of Clotho, youngest of the Three Fates, who spun the cloth of life.

KEY VOCABULARY – Myths Make sure you know what the word or phrase means; you must be able to explain it in your own words and

use it in a sentence.

aetiological moral, morality, amoral Titan, titanic, Titanomachy

God, deity mortal demi-god

anthropomorphism archetypal epic

hero, heroic, heroism hubris, hubristic metamorphoses

nemesis stereotypical vengeance, vengeful, revenge

myth, mythological Olympian, Olympic cult

etymology origin, originally, original allusion

symbol, symbolic, symbolism allegory, allegorical oracle

revision, revisionism fate free will


English- Argument and persuasion About two thousand three hundred and fifty years ago Aristotle wrote down, in a text called ‘The Art of Rhetoric’, what he believed were the best ways in which to argue a topic and persuade those listening or reading to agree with you. The main components he identified are still used by the best writers in the world today. It is known as the Aristotelian triad: ethos, pathos, and logos

What is Rhetoric? Rhetoric is the study and art of writing and speaking persuasively. Studying rhetoric teaches you to write in a way that ensures people stand up and take notice. It teaches you to write arguments that are convincing and articulate. Rhetoric is everywhere, particularly in politics. Someone is always trying to persuade you of something!

Sentence starters that work: Exordium – introduce yourself; form a connection with the audience, perhaps using an anecdote ∙ It wasn’t long ago when… ∙ There was a time when… ∙ Imagine a world where… ∙ How many of us can honestly say that… ∙ I’m sure you agree that it’s a sad fact that… ∙ There was once a time when… but now… ∙ How many of you would rather/wish/believe that/dislike… Ethos – making your viewpoint and purpose clear; make yourself sound credible ∙ It seems to me that… ∙ I am convinced that… ∙ It strikes me that… ∙ There can be no doubt that… ∙ It is obvious that… ∙ I have had first-hand experience of… and it has taught me… ∙ Despite my young age, I can assure you that… ∙ As a teenager, I have first-hand experience of… ∙ You may think that I know very little of…, but I assure you… Logos – use evidence to sound logical and to give your view gravitas ∙ Ultimately, evidence suggests that… ∙ We only need to look at recent headlines to know that… ∙ I would draw your attention to… ∙ A recent study concluded that… ∙ The evidence is undeniable: … ∙ We simply cannot argue with the evidence: … Pathos – make your audience feel something, perhaps using emotive language ∙ If we don’t act… ∙ Most worrying of all, … ∙ Who of us would condone such a practice? Surely not you! ∙ As you sit there, consider this: … ∙ How long can we sit back and accept… ∙ Don’t just sit there. Do something… ∙ Our generation is the future… Let’s make it happen … ∙ How would it feel to know that… ∙ Terrifying/clever/the only way forward, don’t you agree? ∙ Why not choose to do something incredible? Choose to… ∙ __, __, _: this is the future if we don’t choose to make a difference… Closing – conclude your piece, perhaps with a cyclical structure (linking back to your opening) ∙ Finally, ∙ I want to leave you with this parting thought: … ∙ If there’s one thing you take from today, let it be this: … ∙ Remember I told you about…? Well, ...


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Skills + Techniques Evaluation Nutrition Hygiene, Safety and Spoilage Science Choice Provenance


Food and nutrition Why is food cooked? Some foods can be eaten raw and form an important part of the diet. However, many foods need to be prepared and cooked before they are eaten to: ▪ make the food safe to eat by destroying pathogenic micro-organisms and toxins. ▪ destroy microorganisms and enzymes that cause food to deteriorate and therefore increase the keeping quality of the food. ▪ make the food more digestible and easier to absorb.

Food skills There are several food skills which enable a variety of increasingly complex dishes to be prepared and made. These can include: ▪ beating, combining, creaming, mixing, stirring, and whisking ▪ blitzing, pureeing, and blending. ▪ kneading, folding, forming, and shaping ▪ knife skills ▪ rubbing-in and rolling-out ▪ use of the cooker: boiling/simmering/poaching, frying, grilling, roasting, and baking

Safety ▪ Sharp knives: never walk around with a knife. Use the bridge hold and claw grip to cut safely. ▪ Grater: hold grater firmly on a chopping board. Grate food in one direction and leave a small amount at the end to prevent injury to knuckles. ▪ Hot liquid: drain hot liquid carefully over the sink using a colander. ▪ Saucepans: turn panhandles in from the edge, so they are not knocked. ▪ Hot equipment: always use oven gloves when placing food in and out of the oven. ▪ Spills: wipe up immediately.

▪ Electrical equipment: always follow instructions.

Bridge hold

Claw grip

Heat exchange/transfer Cooking requires heat energy to be transferred from the heat source, e.g., the cooker hob, to the food. This is called heat transfer or heat exchange. There are three ways that heat is transferred to the food. They are: ▪ conduction – direct contact with food on a surface, e.g., stir-frying. ▪ convection - currents of hot air or hot liquid transfer the heat energy to the food, e.g., baking. ▪ radiation - energy in the form of rays, e.g., grilling. Many methods of cooking use a combination of these. The amount of heat and cooking time will vary according to the

type of food being cooked and the method being used.

Healthier cooking methods

▪ Grill or BBQ foods rather than fry to allow fat to drain away. ▪ Drain or skim fat from liquids, e.g., sauces, stews, and casseroles. ▪ Dry fry using non-stick pans, so no need for oil. ▪ Oven bake rather than fry. ▪ Steam or microwave vegetables.

Key terms Conduction: The exchange of heat by direct contact with foods on a surface e.g., stir-frying or plate freezing. Convection: The exchange of heat by the application of a gas or liquid current e.g., boiling potatoes or blast chilling. Heat transfer: Transference of heat energy between objects. Radiation: Radiation is energy in the form of rays e.g., grilling. Cooking for health Consider healthy eating recommendations to ensure that dishes/meals are part of a varied, balanced diet. ▪ Planning - does the meal meet the nutritional needs and preferences of those it is being cooked for? Base your meals on starchy food. ▪ Choosing - choose low fat/sugar/salt versions, where possible. ▪ Preparing - limit the amount of fat added (try a spray oil) and replace salt with other flavourings, such as herbs and spices. ▪ Cooking - use cooking practices which reduce the amount of fat needed and minimise vitamin losses from fruit and vegetables. ▪ Serving - serve the meal in proportions which reflect current healthy eating advice. Do not forget to include a drink.

Cooking methods These are based on the cooking medium used: ▪ moist/water-based methods of cooking, e.g., boiling, steaming, stewing, braising. ▪ dry methods of cooking, e.g., grilling, baking roasting, toasting, BBQ.

▪ fat-based methods of cooking – stir, shallow and deep fat frying.


Geography – Intro to Geography Key words Equator - an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth. Halfway between the North and South Poles. Densely populated - places that contain many people. GDP - total amount of goods and services produced by a country. Human Geography - The study of people and communities. Infrastructure - Equipment and structures that are needed for a country to function. Latitude - the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator. Physical Geography - The study of the natural world. Relief - The height and shape of the land. Rural - Countryside. Sustainability - using natural resources responsibly, so they can support both present and future generations.

World map: you need to learn the continents and oceans.

▪ The UK is made up of 4 countries. ▪ The capital city of the UK is London. ▪ The population of the UK is 67 million. ▪ The longest river in the UK is the River Severn. ▪ The highest Mountain in the UK is Ben Nevis at 1,345m. ▪ Manchester is located in the North West of England. ▪ 75% of people work in the tertiary sector. ▪ More than 300 languages are spoken.

What are the issues facing our world today? ▪ Climate change - burning fossil fuels has meant we are facing more extreme weather e.g wildfires and droughts. ▪ Deforestation - We've lost 50% of the world’s original forests which puts millions of species of plants and animals at risk. ▪ Plastic pollution - An estimated 8.3 billion tons of plastic have been produced since the 1950s (the same weight as 800,000 Eiffel Towers!)

It can be overwhelming when we learn about these issues and it may feel like we cannot do anything to help but we can! By making small changes to our daily lives we will make a difference. Below are some ways you can help reduce the negative impact we have on the planet. ▪ Stop using single use plastic ▪ Reduce how much meat we consume ▪ Install smart meters in our homes ▪ Use your voice! (Educate others, write to your local MP or large businesses)

Social—people Economic—money and jobs Environmental—natural world


Geography – World Cities Key words Megacitiy—A city with more than 10 million inhabitants. Urbanisation -The increasing % of a country’s population living in towns and cities. HIC—High income country e.g UK LIC—Low income country e.g Nepal NEE—Newly emerging economy e.g Mumbai Squatter settlements - poor quality housing to which residents have no legal rights to the land.

Push factors (Reasons that encourage people to move away from a

place)

Pull factors (Reasons that encourage people to move to a place)

▪ Lack of hospitals ▪ Poor paying job ▪ Droughts ▪ War / terrorism

▪ Well paid jobs ▪ Better education ▪ Better infrastructure ▪ Higher standard of living

The growth of megacities ▪ In 1800, only about 3% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. ▪ In 2018, half of humanity—3.5 billion people live in cities ▪ In 1950, there were only three megacities in the world: By 2030, the world is projected to have 41 megacities. ▪ 828 million people currently live in slums and the number keeps rising

Opportunities Challenges

▪ Higher incomes

▪ Better healthcare

▪ Better education

▪ Lack of sanitation

▪ Traffic congestion

▪ Air pollution

Case study: Mumbai , India ▪ Population: approximately 25 million ▪ Mumbai is one of the richest cities in Asia but also home to some of the world’s poorest people. ▪ Mumbai is the entertainment, fashion and business centre of India ▪ There are 25 million cars in Mumbai ▪ Almost 40% of people in Mumbai live in slums ▪ Dharavi is Asia’s largest slum with a population of almost 1 million

Megacity Population Country

Tokyo 38 million Japan

Jakarta 30.5 million Indonesia

Beijing 22.5 million China

Karachi 22 million Pakistan

New York 20 million USA

Lagos 18 million Nigeria

Rio 14 million Brazil

Sustainable cities ▪ Living sustainably means being able to live in a way that does not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations can also use them.

Cities can become more sustainable by: ▪ Using renewable energy ▪ Ensuring public transport is efficient ▪ Creating green spaces ▪ Recycling waste ▪ Conserving water

Social—people Economic—money and jobs Environmental—natural world


History – Ancient Empires

2600 BC Pyramids of Giza are built

753 BC Rome was founded

69 BC Cleopatra is born

55 BC Caesar invades Britain

48 BC.

Julius Caesar the Roman Emperor makes Cleopatra the ruler of Egypt

45 BC Caesar names himself dictator for life

44 BC Caesar is killed; Cleopatra flees back to Egypt.

41 BC

Mark Antony (the new leader of the Roman Empire) meets Cleopatra and follows her to Egypt. They have three

children together

30 BC

Mark Antony is defeated in a war and commits suicide. Cleopatra kills herself too. Rome now rules Egypt

79AD Mount Vesuvius erupts near Pompeii and Herculaneum

476 AD End of the Roman Empire

Cleopatra

Cleopatra, who reigned as queen of Egypt during the 1st century B.C., is one of the most famous female rulers in history.

Julius Caesar Roman general and politician. Julius Caesar turned the Rome into the powerful Roman Empire. He was murdered by other

politicians. Septimus Severus

First Black African Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.

Ra Sun God

Osiris God of the dead, and ruler of the underworld

Thoth God of writing and knowledge

Anubis Fod of embalming and the dead

Bastet Goddess of protection and cats

Isis Goddess of protection, of children and magic

Ra Sun God

Osiris God of the dead, and ruler of the underworld

Thoth God of writing and knowledge

Anubis Fod of embalming and the dead

Bastet Goddess of protection and cats

Isis Goddess of protection, of children and magic

Norman Conquest Key Words

Historical Key words B.C – Years before Christ A.D. – Anno Domini (years after Christ Chronological – in time order Anachronism - When a word, object or event is placed in the wrong historical time period.

Ancient Empires Key Words Supernatural - belief in what cannot be seen. Can include magic, Gods, miracles and

spirits.

Embalming – treating someone’s body after they have died so that it does not change.

Empire - An empire is a number of individual nations that are all controlled by the

government or ruler of one particular country.

Dictator – someone who has complete power

Legacy - Something that has been left behind / handed down from the past

Key Figures

Timeline

Egyptian Gods


History – Norman Conquest

Monarchy - a type of government that has a single person known as a monarch at its head often called a king or queen. Monarchs generally rule for life and pass it through their family. Monarch – a king or queen Medieval – used to describe the time roughly between 1000-1485 AD Heir – next in line for a position e.g. King or Queen Bayeux Tapestry – piece of cloth with the story of 1066 woven onto it Cavalry – soldiers on horseback Barons – people in charge of large amounts of land in Norman England

Types of Castle Motte and Bailey Castle Stone Keep Castle Square Keep Castle

*Quick and cheap to build. *Around the edge of the Bailey would be a deep ditch – sometimes this would fill with water and be called a moat. *Built of wood and vulnerable to fire.

*Much stronger against attack than the old wooden keeps. *Stone wall around the village at the bottom of the keep protected the villagers too. *Big ditch built around the outside of the wall to make it even harder to attack and enter the castle. *Expensive to build. Hard to find good builders to do the work.

*Had a square, stone built keep that was protected by several layers of thick, stone built walls. *Deep moat dug around the edge of the outside wall which was protected by a well-guarded bridge and gatehouse. *The square keep was very expensive and took a long time to build.

5th January 1066

Edward the Confessor died having had no children. The Witan elected Harold Godwinson to be the next king of England

6th January 1066

Harold was crowned as king of England, probably at Westminster Abbey

20th September 1066

Harald Hardraada and Tostig invaded, with more than 10,000 men. Anglo-Saxon Earls Edwin and Morcar were defeated at the Battle of Fulford.

25th September 1066

Harold Godwinson travelled north to fight Harald Hardraada and Tostig at Stamford Bridge. Godwinson defeated Hardraada but his army was tired.

27th September 1066

William Duke of Normandy set sail to England with almost 700 ships. This forced Harold to race south.

12th October 1066

Battle of Hastings – Harold Godwinson is killed, and William of Normandy is the king of England

1068 Warwick Castle is built by William

Candidates for King in 1066

Harold Godwinson Anglo-Saxon Earl of Wessex

Harald Hardraada, Viking King of Norway

William, Duke of Normandy

One of the most powerful men in England and brother-in-law to Edward the Confessor. Harold was a brave and respected soldier and Edward had promised him the throne on his deathbed.

Harald had ruled parts of Britain before. He was a feared warrior in Europe and Hardraada meant ‘hard ruler.’ Tostig, Harold Godwinson’s brother who wanted revenge, supported Harald.

William was known as a brave soldier and was a friend of Edwards’s cousin. When Edward had visited Normandy, he supposedly promised that William should become King of England. Harold Godwinson had promised to support William.

Timeline


Maths – Angles and 2D shapes

Vocabulary Definition Diagram

Acute An angle smaller

than 90°

Right Angle

A 90° angle

Obtuse An angle larger than 90o and smaller than

180o

Reflex An angle larger than

180°

Key Fact The sum of all angles in a quadrilateral is always equal to 360°

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 360°

Key Fact The sum of all angles in a triangle is always equal to 180°

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180°

Vocabulary Definition Diagram Worked example

Scalene Triangle

All the sides are different lengths and there are no equal angles

Equilateral Triangle

All 3 sides are of equal length and all 3 angles are equal

I know that one of the angles in an equilateral triangle is equal to 60◦ because

180◦ ÷ 3 = 60◦

Isosceles Triangle

2 of the sides are equal in length and 2 of the angles are the same size

Right Angled Triangle

One angle is 90◦


Maths Key Fact Key Fact

The sum of the angles on a

straight line at a single

point is 180°0

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 =180◦

Which diagrams show angles on a straight line at a point?

The sum of the angles

at a single point is

3600

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =360◦

Vocabulary Definition Diagram Worked example Standard Notation

Vertically opposite

angles

When straight lines cross, vertically opposite

angles are equal

R is a single point (red)

VS is a line (blue)

𝑺�̂�𝑻 is an angle (green)

Probability

Vocabulary Definition Key Fact Equipment

Impossible the probability of an event happening

is equal to zero 𝑷(𝑬𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕) =

𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

A full set of playing cards has 52 cards. This is called a “deck of cards”. Each deck has 4 suits.

Unlikely An event that has a low

chance of happening

Even the probability of an event happening

is equal to 50%

Probability Scale

Likely An event that has a high

chance of happening

Clubs Diamonds Spades Hearts

Certain the probability of an event happening

is equal to one Each suit has 13 cards with the numbers 2 to 10,

three face cards (Jack, Queen and King) and an Ace Outcome a possibility from an action

Bias the chance of an outcome happening

is not fair

Singular: Die

Plural: Dice

✓

✓


Performing Arts – Dance Health and Safety in Dance

In every dance lesson you must ensure that you adhere to all health and safety regulations. This includes bringing trainers and warming yourself up correctly.

KEY QUESTION: Why do we warm up in dance? ANSWER: To prepare the body for physical activity and to avoid injuries.

Warm Up Sections Example Activities

1. Pulse Raiser A pulse raiser is a series of cardiovascular activities which increase your heart

rate and the blood flow around your body.

Star Jumps Jogging on the spot

Burpees Power walking

2. Mobility Mobilisation is a series of activities which loosen your joints in preparation for

movement.

Turning your head side to side Making circular motions with the arms, wrists, ankles and

shoulders.

3. Stretches Exercises to stretch the muscles in order to prepare them for movement. Top

Tip: Stretching regularly can improve your flexibility.

Straddle Stretch Hamstring Stretch

Oblique stretch

Performance skills:

Performance skills are the skills that allow you to engage and connect with your audience.

Timing Performing the correct movement at the correct time. This should be in time with your group

Musicality How in time you are with the music

Energy How much physical effort you apply to the performance

Facial Expressions

Animating the face to engage with your audience/communicate the theme of your performance

Projection Projecting your movements outwards into the space with appropriate energy.

Choreographic Devices:

Choreographic devices are the tools that we use to make our choreography more interesting and original.

Canon Performing the same movement one after another.

Unison Performing the same movement at the same time

Formation The position you stand in to perform.

Levels The height at which you perform your movement

Repetition Repeating the same movement or phrase more than once

Jumping or

standing up Kneeling or

crouched On the

floor, e.g. a

roll

High

Middle

Low

Canon

Example formations

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Performing Arts – Dance Musical Theatre

KEY QUESTION: What is a musical? A musical is a play or a film in which singing, acting and dancing play an essential and equal part. Musicals developed from light opera in the early 20th century. KEY FEATURES OF MUSICAL THEATRE:

• A combination of singing dancing and acting

• Catchy Songs

• Large casts

• An extravagant set & costume

• Narrative Structure

Mary Poppins Mary Poppins the musical is based on the similarly titled Mary Poppins children's books by P. L. Travers and the 1964 Disney film. The stage production is a fusion of various elements from the two, including songs from the film. Mary Poppins tells the story of a magical nanny that looks after two children in London. Key extracts include Step in Time and A Spoonful of sugar. Key Themes/Features:

• Guardian Angels

• Musicality

• Use of Props

• Call and Response Dance style: Musical theatre is less of a particular style, and more of a description of dancing that is rooted in the history of Broadway musicals. Relying heavily on a knowledge of ballet, tap, and jazz, musical theatre dancers are actors and place a high focus on musical interpretation. Tap dance is a type of dance that uses the sounds of tap shoes striking the floor as a form of percussion.

Matilda the Musical Matilda the Musical is a stage musical based on the 1988 children's novel Matilda by Roald Dahl. The narrative centres on Matilda, a 5 year old girl with a magical gift. Matilda loves reading, overcomes obstacles caused by her family and school, and helps her teacher to reclaim her life. Key extracts include Revolting Children and Naughty. Key Themes/Features:

• Independence

• Making a stand

• Levels Dance style: The movement in Matilda the musical is a mixture of Jazz and Musical Theatre. Jazz dance is a technique that first emerged in the USA in the early twentieth century. It is a fast, energetic type of dance using a combination of isolations, pirouettes and gestures. The movement was developed from the books illustrations and the observations of young children.

Hairspray Hairspray is an American musical based on John Waters’ 1988 film of the same name. The musical is set in the 1960’s in Baltimore. Hairspray tells the story of a young lady named Tracy whose dream is to dance on The Corny Collins Show. Tracy wins a role on the show leading to social change as she campaigns for the show's integration. Key extracts include Nicest Kids in Town and You Cant Stop the Beat. Key Themes/Features:

• Equality

• Social Change Dance style: (1960’s Dance styles) The styles of dance in Hairspray are 1960’s styles of dance including The Madison which is a line dance that features a regular back-and-forth pattern interspersed with called steps and The Twist which is a style inspired by rock and roll music which involves swivelling the hips.

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https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiGoaLG8IbjAhUNYxoKHdT4Ai4QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffeverup.com%2Fm%2F74595&psig=AOvVaw0LQ8P8lzND6jvaWoU_C83U&ust=1561629272438268

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi1hMX294bjAhUQohQKHQ5PBSAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatreroyal.com%2Fwhats-on%2F2016%2Fhairspray%2F&psig=AOvVaw0ingL2dUgP4l5uLm51qebd&ust=1561631247541148


Performing Arts - Drama Vocal Skills: Relationships with other characters and audience:

Volume How loud or quiet you speak Proxemics Distance between characters to show a relationship

Tone Matching mood or emotion Eye Contact Looking in a particular direction

Pace How fast or slow you speak Physical contact Contact and touch between characters

Pitch How High or low you speak Levels To show contrast between characters

Accent How you speak based on where you’re from Elements of Drama:

Lighting The use of lights to create a particular atmosphere

Physical Skills: Sound Adding sound or music to create an effect

Body Language How you use your body to show something Costume What the character would wear

Gestures How you use your hands to communicate Props Items used within the performance

Facial Expressions

How you use your face to communicate an emotion Set Backdrops and items to create an atmosphere

Actions What you do Musical Theatre A musical is a play or film in which singing, acting and dancing play an essential and equal part. Musicals developed from light opera in the

early 20th Century. Bugsy Malone

Bugsy Malone was written and directed by Alan Parker in 1976. It is a musical gangster comedy film and stage play.

Key Extracts Bad Guys, Do you want to be a boxer, Fat Sam’s Grand Slam

Levels Using different heights to communicate a message

Projection Exaggerating either vocal or physical skills

Use of Space:

Audience Awareness

Ensuring the audience can see you.

Stage directions

Where on the stage you are positioned

Movement Using the whole stage


Performing Arts - Drama Musical Theatre: A musical is a form of theatrical performance, usually a play or a film in which singing, acting and dancing play an essential and equal part. The story and emotional content of a musical – humour, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment. Musicals developed from light opera in the early 20th century. In a musical there are leads and members of the chorus. The lead actors play the main characters, responsible for delivering the narrative. The chorus support the action with singing and dancing and usually work together as an ensemble. Some may have small, cameo roles.

The style of acting is usually different to most dramatic theatre, where the audience are very much on the outside of events. In Musical theatre there is more of a sense onstage of acknowledging the audience. Dialogue and action are directed and angled outwards for their benefit. Musical theatre is non-naturalistic by the very convention of bursting into song.

Characterisation is usually larger and less subtle than in dramatic theatre. Interaction with the audience may take place by way of eye contact, facial expression, gestures or direct address. However, main roles often need to be rounded characters that we can believe in, but this depends on the musical.

The whole cast together is called the company. Company numbers (songs) involve everybody and tend to reflect the themes of the piece. Solo songs are used as a dramatic device for the audience to understand more about a character’s emotions at a given point in the story.

KEY FEATURES OF MUSICAL THEATRE: • A combination of singing, dancing and acting

• Catchy Songs

• Large casts

• An extravagant set & costume

• Narrative Structure

Bugsy Malone: Bugsy Malone is a 1976 gangster musical comedy film written and directed by Alan Parker. It features an ensemble cast, with only child actors playing adult roles. Set in New York City, the film tells the story of the rise of "Bugsy Malone" and the battle for power between "Fat Sam" and "Dandy Dan". It is a gangster movie spoof. The film is based loosely on events in New York and Chicago during Prohibition era, specifically the exploits of real-life gangsters such as Al Capone and Bugs Moran.

Key Characters:

Key Extracts: • Bad Guys

• Do you want to be a boxer

• Fat Sam’s Grand Slam

Bugsy Malone An Italian Irish ex-boxer/boxing scout

Blousey Brown A sassy young dame interested in Hollywood

Tallulah Fat Sam's gun moll, the speakeasy's chanteuse and Bugsy's old flame

Fat Sam Staccetto Crime boss. He is dubbed by the press as "The Alleged Mobster King of the Lower East Side".

Dandy Dan Rival gang boss who steals Fat Sam's territory

Knuckles Fat Sam's right hand man

Fizzy Caretaker at Fat Sam's Grand Slam, tap dancer

Leroy Smith Heavyweight boxing hopeful


Performing Arts – Music – Building blocks Musical Elements Key Words Definition

Pitch How high or how low a note is

Tempo How fast or slow something is

Dynamics How loud or quiet something is

Timbre The unique sound of an instrument

Texture How many sounds are playing

Duration How long and short a note is

Rhythm A pattern made up of different durations

Structure The musical plan of a piece of music

Pitch and Scales We remember the order of the NOTES by making up rhymes:

Every Green Bus Drive Fast FACE in the SPACE

Green Buses Drive Fast Always All Cows Eat Grass

Notes Durations and Rests Dynamics’ Symbols

When you combine the different note durations, these become and rhythm

A SCALE is how we measure how LOW or HIGH a sound is, we call this PITCH. We put NOTES in a certain order on a STAVE, so we know which PITCH to play them.

The HIGHER the notes are on the SCALE, the higher they are in PITCH.

You would play the TREBLE CLEF with the RIGHT HAND on the piano and the BASS CLEF with the LEFT HAND

The Keyboard


Performing Arts - Music PITCH The HIGHNESS or LOWNESS of a sound.

TEMPO The SPEED of a sound or piece of music. FAST: Allegro, Vivace, Presto SLOW: Andante, Adagio, Lento. GETTING FASTER – Accelerando (accel.) GETTING SLOWER – Ritardando (rit.) or Rallentando (rall.) We use ITALIAN terms to describe TEMPO.

DYNAMICS The VOLUME of a sound or piece of music. VERY LOUD: Fortissimo (ff) LOUD: Forte (f) QUITE LOUD: Mezzo Forte (mf) QUITE SOFT: Mezzo Piano (mp) SOFT: Piano (p) VERY SOFT: Pianissimo (pp) GETTING LOUDER: Crescendo (cresc.) GETTING SOFTER: Diminuendo (dim.) We use ITALIAN terms to describe DYNAMICS

DURATION The LENGTH of a note or a sound Claves = short DURATION

Gong = Long DURATION

TEXTURE How much SOUND we HEAR. THIN TEXTURE: (sparse/solo) – small number of instruments or melodies.

THICK TEXTURE: (dense/layered) – lots of instruments or melodies.

TIMBRE/ SONORITY Describes the UNIQUE SOUND OR TONE QUALITY of different instruments voices or sounds.

Velvety, Screechy, Throaty, Rattling, Mellow, Chirpy, Brassy, Sharp, Heavy, Buzzing, Crisp, Metallic, Wooden etc

ARTICULATION How individual notes or sounds are PLAYED/TECHNIQUES LEGATO – playing notes in a long, smooth way shown by a SLUR. STACCATO – playing notes in a short, detached, spiky way shown by a DOT. .

SILENCE The opposite or absence of sound, no sound. In music these are RESTS.

NOTATION – How music is written down STAFF NOTATION – Music written on a STAVE (5 LINES and SPACES) GRAPHIC NOTATION/SCORE – Music written down to represent shapes and symbols to represent sounds.

Q. What’s the different between the two? A. STAFF NOTATION tells you the specific notes it wants you to play. GRAPHIC SCORING is about INTERPRETATION and IMAGINATION. Q. How could you interpret this score using different PITCHES?


Physical Education Physically Active

Netball: Southside Netball Club Cedar Mount Academy Dominoes Netball Club Wright Robinson College Fitness: Pure Gym (16+) Manchester Debdale Park Arcadia Leisure Centre Yew Tree Ave, Levenshulme, M19 3PH

Rugby: Aldwinians RUFC, Audenshaw Park, Droylsden Rd, Audenshaw, M34 5SN Belle Vue Bees, Belle Vue Sports Village, Gorton, M12 4TF Trampolining: City of Salford Trampoline Club, Salford, M7 1ZT Dynamo Trampoline Club, Brierley Avenue, Manchester, M35 9HA City of Manchester Institute of Gymnastics, Garratt Way, Manchester, M18 8HE

Trampolining Rules / Safety No shoes on the trampoline and should always have hair tied back and socks on. No chewing gum or jewellery. Dismount by stopping in the middle, walking to the side, sitting and sliding off the bed, no jumping off. When not performing, stand facing the trampoline with hands up to support the performer. Spotting is to help the performer stay on the bed. Control & Movement Arms are needed to generate power and stay balanced in a routine. Knees bent to stop. Head up and body tension in the core to keep body position central. Basic Shapes Tuck, pike, straddle, seat landing. Arms rotate and lift up to generate power in the basic shape and to stand. Arms should never ‘lock’ at the elbow, fingers should point to toes and body position makes a 90-degree angle when performing the seat landing. Hips bend/legs lift at the top of the bounce. Connections & Routines Power is needed to land in the correct direction. Arms generate the power to turn. Spotting helps to land straight and balanced

Healthy Lifestyles Routine

When we are young, we need to aim to get between 7-9 hours of

sleep, this is to ensure we recover and learn, our brain stores our new memories from the day in our sleep and our body repairs

itself.

A lack of sleep can harm the immune system, reduce our

ability to concentrate, reduce motivation and lead to health

conditions such as Alzheimer’s in later life.

There are two main stages of sleep REM (Rapid eye movement)

where the majority of brain development occurs and deep

sleep which makes you feel refreshed.

When we sleep, we repair our bodies, recover, grown and store memories and information learnt that day. You should avoid bright

lights, caffeine and electrical items in the evening to ensure you get a good night’s sleep.

Nutrition – Hydration & balanced diet

Your body is 60% water. If you are dehydrated your urine will be

yellow in colour, you will feel tired and thirsty. You may have a dry mouth and experience muscle

cramps. Water can be lost through sweat, urinating, drinking caffeine and vomiting. A balanced diet – a diet providing adequate

amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health

Netball Rules Side lines – Player must have their foot behind the line. The pass is taken from off the court where the ball leaves the playing court. Obstruction – The player must be a metre away from the player with the ball before raising their arms to defend. The free pass is taken where it happens on court. Contact – No contact at any time with another player. The penalty pass is taken on court. Scoring – GS and GA players can only score in the semi-circle. 1 point per goal. The game restarts in the centre circle and teams alternate the centre pass. All players return to their set positions. Passing Chest pass – W behind the ball, chest to chest and step in. Shoulder pass ball in one hand at shoulder height, push the ball 45-degree angle and step in. Bounce pass – W behind the ball, push the ball 2/3 of the way to the player you are passing to. Control Signal - Use your hand, head or eyes to signal for where the ball is to be sent to. Call out (verbal communication) to the person who has the ball to let them know you are free. Control the ball - Get your hands up in front of your body to receive the ball. Pull the ball in. Footwork - landing foot must stay in contact with the ground when pivoting. Two steps are allowed however the landing foot must not touch the floor again before the ball is sent. Movement Defending – stand side on to the player and be closer to the player without the ball. Getting free – Increase speed away from the defender. Dodge to get away and reach with arm

Table tennis Rules Games played to 21. Games start with a serve. Rules of service – stand behind the service line, foot cannot touch the line, serve diagonally, serve has to land over opponent’s service line, and racket head has to be below the waist. If the shuttle lands in your opponent’s court and is not returned, you win the point. If your opponent hits the shuttle out of court, you win the point. Long and thin court for singles, short and fat for doubles serve then full court. If you win the point you serve the next point. You can only hit the shuttle once. Service Serve diagonally, right hand box for even numbers, left hand box for odd numbers. Serve from behind service line, shuttle to land over opponent’s service line. Racket head has to be below the waist. A rally is where you keep the shuttle going with your opponent. Footwork Always be on your toes ready to move. When playing singles, you need to be able to


Physical Education Football Rules There are 11 players in a football team, 10 outfield players and one goalkeeper. A foul is committed when a player makes contact with the player before the ball A handball is when the ball makes contact with the hand or arm of a player Throw-in rules – Both feet must be in contact with the ground when the ball is released. Ball must go behind the players’ head before throwing. Arms must straighten as ball is released. Pass-back – A goalkeeper cannot pick the ball up if it has been passed back to them by a player on their own team. Passing Standing foot by the ball, head over the ball, make contact with the inside of the foot. Keep your head up when passing the ball so you see where your teammates and the opponents are. Pass to a teammate that is in space. Control Verbal communication – asking for the ball. Call your name out. Be specific ‘on your right/left’, ‘behind’ and ‘wing’. Non-verbal communication - using hand signals, pointing where you want the pass. Use inside of foot to absorb pass and control – do not use the sole of your foot.

Rugby Rules The key areas of the pitch are the touch line, the try line and the dead ball line. A try is scored by placing the ball on the ground with downward pressure under control between the try line and the dead ball line After each tackle, the defensive line must retreat 10m back to the online line. A forward pass is when the ball is passed ahead of the person passing the ball A knock on is when the ball is dropped forward After 6 tackles the ball changes possession from the position of the final tackle. Passing Pass and catch with two hands Create target for passer Finish with hands pointing at target Ball reaches receiver between waist and shoulder height Control Hands out in front of body, W shape formed with fingers – sets target Two hands on the ball or tucked under one arm into the chest Ball caught early out in front/not off the chest Body kept square

Pulse Raiser Activity used to gradually raise heart-rate body

temperature. eg – 2min slow jog

Stretches Static – a stretch

performed when muscle length stays

the same Dynamic –

stretch whilst

moving. Eg – Leg

Kicks

Mobilisation Activity that will prepare

joints for exercise.

eg – ankle & wrist

rotations

Basketball Rules Side lines – Player must have their foot behind the line when taking a sideline pass. The pass is taken from off the court where the ball leaves the playing court. Double dribble – using 2 hands at the same to dribble the ball. Dribbling the ball, stopping and holding the ball then continue to dribble Contact – Players are not allowed to make contact at any time with another player. Scoring – 2 points/3 points Players – 5 players on a team Passing Chest pass – when passing the ball – W behind the ball, chest to chest and step in towards where you are passing Overhead pass – when passing the ball – ball in two hands. Raise the ball above your head. Aim for teammate’s chest/head. Bounce pass – when passing the ball W behind the ball, push the ball 2 3rds of the way to the player you are passing to. Javelin pass – hold the ball in one hand. Hand and arm extends behind the body and then the arm follows through towards the target. Control Signal – Hand signals – point where you want the ball to go. Use your head or eyes (nonverbal communication) to signal for the ball. (verbal communication) Ask for the ball - let your teammates know you are free. Control the ball - Get your hands up in front of your body to be able to receive the ball. Pull the ball into your body to protect from the defenders.

Badminton Rules Games played to 21. Games start with a serve. Rules of service – stand behind the service line, foot cannot touch the line, serve diagonally, serve has to land over opponent’s service line, and racket head has to be below the waist. If the shuttle lands in your opponent’s court and is not returned, you win the point. If your opponent hits the shuttle out of court, you win the point. Long and thin court for singles, short and fat for doubles serve then full court. If you win the point you serve the next point. You can only hit the shuttle once. Service Serve diagonally, right hand box for even numbers, left hand box for odd numbers. Serve from behind service line, shuttle to land over opponent’s service line. Racket head has to be below the waist. A rally is where you keep the shuttle going with your opponent. Footwork Always be on your toes ready to move. When playing singles, you need to be able to cover all parts of the court. This means you must stand in a roughly central base position.


Religious Studies- What is RS? Keywords 1. Tolerance: accept beliefs that are different to your own, even if you don’t agree with them 2. Empathy: imagining how it would feel to experience what someone else is – putting yourself in their shoes 3. Religion: the belief in and worship of a god or gods, or any such system of belief and worship 4. Atheist: Someone who does not believe in God 5. Rastafarian: A member of the religious group that began in Jamaica 6. Redemption: Being saved from sin or evil 7. Humanist: Someone who believes that our moral values come from human nature and experience, not God 8. Enlightenment: Knowing something. Emphasising the importance of science and reason, rather than religion and tradition. 9. Conspiracy theory: an explanation of an event or situation which is seen as top secret, which is supposedly carried out by government or other powerful actors,

but there’s no solid evidence for it. 10. Paganism: a group of modern religions which all have a great respect for nature e.g. Wiccans and Druids 11. Samhain: A Pagan festival where the dead are celebrated. Also known as Halloween. 12. Pentagram: a symbol for good and for protection against evil. Shows how the elements (earth, water, wood, fire, and metal) are related. Symbol of Wicca..

Key information 13. It is important to learn Religious Studies because a) Britain is a multi-faith and multi-cultural country so it is important that we learn about the faiths and cultures of the

people who live in this country, b) you get to explore my own personal beliefs and faith, c) you get to develop your own opinions and listen to the opinions of others. 14. Some people compare football to religion and say the stadium is like the place of worship, the players/manager are the gods and the chants are the hymns. 15. Some people say football isn’t a religion because there are no teachings on how to behave and there are no beliefs or instructions for the afterlife. 16. For members of Jediism, the point of religion is not to get to heaven when they die, but to do right for humankind on earth, which is shown best by their commitment to

do community service. 17. Rastafarians will not cut their hair, eat pork or drink alcohol. 18. To Rastafarians, ‘Jah’ means God. 19. Humanists are not religious. They base their decisions on moral outcomes (which outcome would be best). This will come from their experiences in life and not from God. 20. One famous conspiracy theory is that there is an organisation called the Illuminati who secretly control the entire modern world. Some people believe that they are

incredibly powerful people who have roles in the government and the media.

21. Pagans believe in a number of gods and goddesses and usually focus on spirituality and nature, rather than set beliefs or teachings. Sources of wisdom and authority - SOWAs 22. "If you get down and you quarrel every day, you're saying prayers to the devil, I say." Bob Marley 23. 'There is no emotion, there is peace. There is no ignorance, there is knowledge. There is no passion, there is serenity. There is no death, there is the force.' Jedi

code 1987 24. “Humanism is the belief that we can live good lives without religious or superstitious beliefs.” – British Humanist Association


Religious Studies- Key Beliefs: Abrahamic religions Keywords 1. Passover/Pesach: Celebrates the Exodus (escape) of the Jews from slavery in Egypt led by Moses. 2. Easter: celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. This is when Jesus rose from the dead. 3. Eid al-Adha: Celebrates the loyalty that Abraham/Ibrahim showed to Allah when he was prepared to kill his son. 4. Eid al-Fitr: Celebration that thanks Allah for the lessons they have learned during the fast, and give to charity so that everyone can share in Allah’s blessing. 5. Place of worship: a building where individuals or a group of people come to pray 6. Holy Books: also known as scripture. Texts which religious traditions consider to be sacred, or central to their religious tradition. 7. Sacred: special or holy 8. Decalogue: The Ten Commandments. 9. Shahadah: statement of belief which Muslims are required to say. 10. Zakah: giving to charity. 11. Shabbat/Sabbath: Jewish day of rest.

12. Hajj: pilgrimage Key information 13. The Jewish place of worship is called a synagogue. The Christian place of worship is called a church. The Muslim place of worship is called a mosque. 14. The Bible is divided in to the Old Testament, which is information about God and the prophets before Jesus was born, and the New Testament, which is information about

Jesus’ life and the first Christians after he was crucified. 15. Jewish people call the Old Testament the Tanakh. It includes the Torah (which means the law), Nevi'im (which means prophets), and Ketuvim (which means writings). 16. Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the perfect word from Allah and has never been changed. It includes information about the prophets that are also in the Torah and Bible. 17. Holy books are important because a) they are the word of God, b) they contain religious rules, c) they tell believers how to behave to go to heaven, d) they contain stories

and information about important people in the religion. 18. The Five Pillars of Islam are the five duties that every Muslim must perform so they can live a good and responsible life. 19. One key religious practice in Islam is Zakah which is giving 2.5% of your excess wealth to charity and can be used to relieve poverty, help those in debt and providing comfort

for travellers. 20. One key religious practice in Judaism is Shabbat which is doing no work and begins at sunset on Friday. It is ordered in the Ten Commandments. 21. Jerusalem is an important place because a) it is where Abraham was going to sacrifice his son (Judaism and Christianity), b) it is where the Temple was built, c) Jesus was

brought here when a few days old, d) it is where Jesus was crucified, e) Prophet Muhammad travelled here before ascending to heaven. 22. Pilgrimage is important because a) it is one of the Five Pillars (Islam), b) avoid distractions of ordinary life and just focus on God, c) go to places that have historical importance

for your religion e.g. Jerusalem. 23. Some people argue pilgrimage isn’t as important because a) it might be too difficult for some people e.g. expensive, disability, b) hard to keep up the feelings and lessons

when you return home, c) should focus on more important things e.g. raising money for charity, preaching your religion to others.

Sources of wisdom and authority - SOWA 24. “Let there be no doubt about it, it is from the Lord of the Worlds.” Qur’an 25. “The upper hand is better than the lower hand.” Hadith

26. “Every year Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem for the Festival of the Passover. When he was twelve years old, they went up to the festival, according to the custom.” Luke 2: 41-42


Science


World Languages

SCHOOL EQUIPMENT

Un bolígrafo / bolí A pen

Un cuaderno An exercise book

Un libro A book

Un lápiz A pencil

Un móvil A phone

Un estuche a pencil case

Un sacapuntas a pencil sharpener

Una regla A ruler

Una calculadora A calculator

Una goma A rubber

Unas tijeras scissors


World Languages


Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar Word Classes

Nouns- The name of a person, place or thing Pronouns- Used to avoid repeating a noun

Adjectives- Adds detail to a noun. Can be placed before or after a noun

Modal Verbs- comes before another verb to change its meaning Verbs- Doing or being words- they tell you what someone or something is doing

Adverbs- Adds detail to verbs, adjectives or other adverbs


Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar Capital Letters- and when to use them

Starting a sentence A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away… Headings and Book/ Film Titles My favourite book is Alice in Wonderland.

Names and Titles Zara took her son to see Dr. Habib. Companies and Organisations The RSPCA takes care of injured and abandoned animals.

Days of the Week and Months

The football game is on Wednesday 2nd July. Nationalities and Languages The man is Mexican but he speaks Spanish.

Place Names I live in Gorton, Manchester.

Punctuation

A full stop marks the end of a sentence I had to push my bike all the way home.

An apostrophe is used to show ownership or that a letter or

letters are missing

The rabbit’s tail is black. (The tail belongs to the

rabbit) It is going to rain.

It’s going to rain.

A comma separates items in a list. It is also used to punctuate speech and

separate parts of a sentence, such as clauses, to help clarify meaning

The bag contained a bottle, some trainers,

shorts, socks and a shirt. Let’s eat Grandma! Let’s eat, Grandma!

A question mark indicates the end of a question

Do you know when to use a question mark?

Brackets are used to indicate parenthesis- extra information that is separate from the main

sentence or statement

Dashes (see below) can also be used to separate extra

information.

An exclamation mark is used to end a dramatic sentence or statement

Don’t put your hand in the fire!

Dashes are also used to indicate parenthesis. They are

twice as the length of a hyphen

The ingredients- tomato, basil, onion and chilli- were

ready to be cooked.

Speech marks, or inverted commas, indicate direct speech (i.e- the exact

words spoken)

“I like football,” said Marta.

“Me too,” replied Amina.

A hyphen is used to join words together. It can join prefixes to root words, and words that are

linked, such as compount adjectives.

She is an award-winning novelist

A colon introduces extra information, such as a list. It connects part of a sentence, where the second part

provides further explanation of the first

Hammad thought it was his Mum’s fault: she

shouldn’t have moved his homework.

A semi-colon links two clauses of equal importance. It is also

used to separate items in a list, when the list already contains

commas

The trip may be on or off; it all depends on the weather.

The guides are: Sam Yates, Biology; Amy Elliot,

Chemistry; and Karen Cooper, Physics.


Ethics and Politics : - Democracy Key words 1. Community: a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. 2. Rules: a list of principles or expectations about how we should behave. 3. Conduct: the way a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation. 4. Democracy: a system where all the adults in a country decide who is in charge of the country. 5. Dictatorship: a system where a ruler has total power over a country, and has usually gained control by force. 6. Election: an organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position. 7. Political party: a group of people who share the same views about the way power should be used in a country. 8. Member of Parliament (MP): the representative of the voters to a parliament. 9. House of Commons: the 650 MPs meet here to discuss the running of the country 10. Tax: the money all working people have to pay the government or the added cost of some goods and services. 11. Equality: all people being treated the same, particularly in terms of their rights and opportunities.

Key knowledge 12. We all live and share a community but in order to function well in that community, there are rules and laws you must follow. Rules are important as they

keep everyone in order and make sure everyone behaves in the correct way within society. 13. Examples of rules at CMA are a) arrive on time prepared for learning, b) keep hands, feet and unkind words to yourself, c) listen to the person who is meant

to be talking, d) follow teacher instructions straight away. 14. No one is above the law, not even the Queen. If we don’t follow the laws and rules there will be consequences and punishments depending on the law you

broke. 15. Democracy is better than a dictatorship because a) every adult gets a vote, b) the public can choose which leader they think is best for the country rather

than someone unsuitable taking the power, c) a leader is democracy can be held to account – if they do something the people don’t like they can be voted out.

16. Examples of dictators are Adolf Hitler, Kim Jong-il and Benito Mussolini. 17. Members of Parliament (MPs) contribute in making laws and important changes within the UK. They meet up every week to have regular discussions about

what is going on in the UK. 18. MPs work for different political parties. The three parties that usually win the most seats in England are Conservative run by Boris Johnson, Labour by Keir

Starmer and Liberal Democrats by Ed Davey. Other popular parties in the UK include SNP which is run by Nicola Sturgeon and the Green Party by Sian Berry and Jonathan Bartley.

19. Parliament is where MPs gather and make decisions. They are based in the House of Commons which is situated in London. 20. We all live in a constituency and each constituency is represented by one Member of Parliament. In Gorton, the MP is Afzal Khan. 21. BHM: Examples of inspirational Black Britons include: a) Fanny Eaton, b) Mary Seacole and c) Olive Morris.


Record of learning homework How to record your learning You should record the subject or subjects on the learning homework page and show this to your form tutor on a weekly basis.

Week: Sep 6 Week: Sep 13 Week: Sep 20 Week: Sep 27 Week: Oct 4 Week: Oct 11 Week: Oct 18

Week: Nov 1 Week: Nov 8 Week: Nov 15 Week: Nov 22 Week: Nov 29 Week: Dec 6 Week: Dec 13

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