-

INDIA IN

1927-28

~

INDIA .IN

1927-28

BY

). COATMAN. DiletlDr a/ PuMic ln/orwzlitm.

GOfltrtlmcnl a/ India.

A ,1tatement prepared /or presentation to Parliament · in GCCDrdatiCI! with tbi: requirement. of the

26th Section of the Government o/ India Act (5 0. 6 Geo. V.

Clwp.

CALCUTI'A: GOVERNMENT OP INDIA CEN'I1!AL PUBLICATION BRANCH

1928

: ·-p~·~e ]l;, 2""-8 ;;;. 48. 6iC i ' - .... -- -- -~-- j

7587

Dlwllnjoyono Godpl Libmy

ilnmmmmnnmiiiH GIP£-PUNE-007587 .

PREFATORY NOTE.

The task of preparing this report for presentation to Parliament

has been entruatecl by the Government of India to Mr. 1. Coatma.n, and it ia now preaented 11Jlda.r the authority and with the general

approval of the Secretary of State for India; but it must not be

understood that the approval either of the Secretary of State or of

the Government of India eitends to every particular expreuion of

e~pinioa.

( iii )

~~,

Enw<••lO· · Lll'f ~ l'BcmJGIIDBI · . .

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··- OHAPTER III.

' CHAPTER IV.

• • .. CHAPTER V •.

.fi·. .• .. '

• CHAPTER VI.

• CHAPTER VII •

• . .. . to\

CHAPTER· vm •.. ._u. :a..r.mm.,, :Mzr.l'l!ur, Amlw;·...., N1.vu. .u..U..

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• iz .•. . .. "11:

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87

• 148

188

lilt

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( vi )

CHAPTER IX.

Tim l'ao'9Dfllll. (i) Llw ...., -Ou- i · ' ;' • • • .. 817 .-,.::

OHAP'.r:Ell. :x:; ' .

!l'JIII l'ao'9DfGH. («) Tim Tlw<UIIBlW> Dlll'.umolft'l .• • 84ll ;•:..•,; ·.,-;: ... ,.;.···

APPENDIX I. . . ~-- ',. !l'JIII IlniWI' hoWIJ'IOJI'I' 0oKKIBBIOX .. .. • w '1:

I ~ " ' . t. • .: .:f. .

APPENDIX n .. . •

• i

_APPENDIX m. ~ J'.um.y .mD llmar.uDR'a llvllli- . ,

APPmiDIX IV.

. . .. ..

. .... f •. .-,.,

• . . .. . .•. :-<.

•

dl

.aa

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'EXPLANATION . . ... . . . , . -· - t

·; :~e ~pei {I '!'o~. lR,il~g ~d six~ance gold, ita fluctuations

.being con&led between the upper and lower gold pointe _Correspond-.

',in~ t.g that ~ti~':o~~ i~{j, (ioo,ooo} of ripe~· ia ~~ £T~SOQ ' - ' . . .

aiid'nne crorll ften-mlllions) fa wd £760,000 at the present rate ·of exclian~. . . . . . • .

. ' ~ '

1. Hil Ezoellency1'Lord Irwili/Yi~roiand GCI'fernor General

Opporit• JI(Jgo.

2. .M..., Jndia H- .in London' .· . :. . ;: •. : , . 8. A Yiew, f!om the.N~, of.""'! oi tlui ...,..q.•·excavatod areoa at

:Mohenjo-claro :11! Sinil. •, .•. . • .......... ' • ' • ', '. • 4. The Great Btupa at Nalanda; showing ·the deoorated faoade of

· • the fifth rebuilding1 after .the later envelopee have been re­mO't'ed. (In ordar t.o expooe 'thia faoade it was neceeaary to remove 01'8r UO,QOO cubic ~of later bri....,..k) .• . • , . •

&. Villap Weam .. •. . ..... ·, •. , :. : •• • . ' · ... : ·• 6. Mammoth· Irrigation Schema. . (Tbia is the easterly· portion of - the Bnkkur Barrage .Area Yiewed from .. the air oomprising

the ·familiar Gorge and ,_Bridge)· ;, , •• • . '1. General Yiew of the Chawla ·-ied hy the Bombay and Bared& ·

· and Central India ~ Worlmbop'a Emplayeea at Warli . B. Indian Pa-rilion at the Lyun'e• Fair: in Fro...., 9. Some Released Chinghpaw Children .. .,. · • · • ..

1 88

88 98

180

182 li09 989

10. Burl Hari Singh .. , · · .- ' : • :.,· "' ,, ... '··· . 11. Polio& Hoedquartera, Calcutta ·" .• · , ·.•

•' .. J 820 -,· ~~ ~~- ~- ·~ -· _., ...• ! .•. • .

:. . ~-' >

' . Mapa. .:, ...

Map of IDdia • J . -_., I .• l:' 0..

:Map of Indi~ showing PrO't'iD.ci;u ·centre& of th~ Countess of Dllii''J!'d · ... enns un . .. ~ ... ~- · •.,_ ~ . ._,

1. The Votere of British India 9. Diagram showing the population· of India aiD.ce 18'19 •

8. ~':.,of the• Im~. an~ ~~ ~~~ of

4. Ezpenditure of the Provincial ·Departments of Agriculture 6. Yield of certain principal Oropa from 191'1-18 to 1928-2'1. 6. Area Irrigated in British India • • • • 'I. • Number of PIII08IIpl'll cmTied on Indian Railways •. 8. Diagram showing growth of ·Peetal Tratllo since· 1888 8&

. Articles • . • .• • · 9. Telephone Map of India •.

( b: )

..

168

42 91

98 101 104 U6 1'18

186 189

( X )

()zlpolite page,

10. The Foreign Sea-borne Trade of J1ritish ¥>c1ia during the last .. 60 years (1864-69 to 191~) QwnquOillllal averagea • •

11. The Foreign Sea-borne T'rade <>£ B.ritiah India. (11) During the laat nine years aa oompared mth averagea of the pr&-war, war and post-war periOda • "' • !''· • ~- _,.

lll. Variaticms in the Trada of British. India with ,principal oountriee- .

lllll

during the 1aat DiBO yeara as compared w1th av8I'IIII08 of the -war, war aDd ~war periodi. (i) lmporta • · • · '• ·. 1111

13. Varia tiona iD the Trade ~ British.. India with Pri>!cipal Coun• •· . · triea during the last mne years na compared. Wltli averagea of the pre-war, war aDd poot-war periodl •• (ii) lmporta. . ·' · : 216

1•. Diagram showing the Import. of Motor Can into Britiah India from each of the five Principal Countriea durin& th<> years · 191&-14 to 1926-27 . . • •. .,. . 222 .

15. Dilll!l:am showing tbe value of Motor Cara imported into British ·· ·"' . .liidia from e8ch of the fiva Principal CoWitriea during the , year& 19.13-141 to J.9ll6.ll7 • . llll2

16, Variaticms in the Trad,. of Britiah Jnclia with Principal Ccnm.'"-tries daring the laat nine ;rea.ra ea compared with: aver ___ , .. of ·the pn>-war, war aDd ~war periOds.. Ezporte .. ;<· > •... 226

17. Bow each Ru- of Reve11ua was made up ·in Jnclia J.9li6.2'T .; !261 18. Bow each. Rupee of :kpenditure wea made up in India 1926-27 .. , ' 1268 19. Railway Receipts and :kpencliture on State-owned linea· in ' ; . , ·

India in 1926-27 , • • • .• • •. • , •· · . . 209 20. Ratio per.1,000 of Population ·of Death& accorcling to Cauae · 868 .. 21. Number of Death& accordina to cauae from 1872 to 1926 • 809 22. Totals of Literate& and Dlitaratea: Britiah Jnclia , •• . 862 :13. Diagram showing the Male ~<Female population of Jnc1ia af;

each c:eD8liS and the eetima..., P')l!S:OO OD 31st Man:h 1926 and 31st March. l9ll7, aDd tb8 aDd Female Litaratea ; · and Dliteratea on th- datee • • • • • • • 863

~. Growth of Female Edueation in India froin 1Sss to 1926-27 · ', J. ' Growth of University Education ·among Fomalea in ·India from , 864

1885 to 1926-27 • • • • • • • • • • 20. Total number of pupil& under instruction in India , • • 20. Total E:.penditure on Education in every fifth year from 1877-78

to 1917-18, an4 annually th~.,....._....., the'"""- in thoea yeara froJii which that expenditure waa met • , • •

27, Direct ~diture on each clau of Educational 'Inititution hi ~ th Y.•u from 1877-78 to 1917·18 and annualljr .there-

• • • • t • . ·- • . • ' • •- .• -. ·-

866

863

28. Indirect Expenditure on Education in fifth fr 18!7·78 to 1917-18 and annually there:;;;J.. • ~-. ~ ... 870

29. Public E:<penditure pn Education .. ·. · .. ' · · 30_. Gr~rJ; -~k.,Ex:£:'d~dituie on Education i~ the' P•U:Qipai' i?ro~in.,.;.· · 'S!~

n ,. from 1916-17 to 1926-27 '· .· •. 87' 31 T tal· n· E:< • • • • •

' 0 1926-ll~oc:nd ~en~tnre 3!' Female Education from 1877-78 tci Institution for F4m":i'.'! ~= ;::. ~- .~ ~uca~"""! 878

The Year 1927.28. .. . ,_:r.Aoa. ~ ·~ ,. ' . P&aa.

,\ppolntuimt of Statutoey Oom-· · Calcutta Unity Ocmf81'811ae . • . .W miaaion •. . · . . , . ,. "' - 1 Communo.l Feeli.Dgs after the

Hindu-Muallni ll.elatio1111 ·; · · l Calcutta Unity 00of81'811ce • 21 Rupee Stabilisatioo· .'., ·· ' · 1 Tho All-India Natiooal Coo-Indian Reaerva Baolo ·•· • .11 gr... . • , • • .112 Inter-Communal .AJfaia · ... ,. ' ·, ll The Iadiaa · Natioaal· Liberal FeeliDga ·.Aroused b7 SWUWr7 ._ - . c. Federation , . , , , .112-23

Commission , , · . , . .• 3 The All-India Kusllm League , II ·~ Mo*- India'•• . • · ; :· • .. 3 Mcmtlll8Dta to bqycotll tba

· Economic Conditione iuUl Bail- Bimoa ()ommi-ioa . . , . . !I -· ·waJ Stitiatiea --.- - .. • · .J The- -" All Partiea Conferenoe ,; K-26 Uaoqnal Diatrihatioa of ~- ~. Hindu-MW.ammadaa Allain ', 16-26

JrloDBOOn -.o· ~; ~ • 6 Strikes • • . • • • • 28 Familia llelief Fanu · . ' ' • ·· • Railwa,. ~ccidonta • ·, · • ll6 Bcercit-7. '8Dd ·ll'amiae • .,.... 0, f Tho All-India WOID6D'• Confer·

~~,;;,u ·'iuot.a . :- ':: ."-: .fh":"" Ohu.ch ;..· :&glaod IIi !'I Causes of later-Communal Strife- 10 . India , · •. · • • , !&-29 l!a!'fJiltJ ·11a.oul Caae. , . , , . H Y. M. ·Q., A. Controversy '• , 30 •• RlBala. Vartman •• Cue .. 12 'Royal Commi•eion oa Agricul--Judgmont ou llongi!a Baoul . . ture , , • . • • 30-31

Caae · • ·, ·, ·· • • • 11-12 The Cinematograph CoiiUDittee 31 Ejection .of .. lliad1111·' frollbthe ••· Aerial Visita t() !IIdia , , ~

Khyber· • . • . • · · '13 Notable' Visitora 't() India· • 33 Hindus in tho N.-W. F.• P. ·• 14 New !IIdia House In London , · 33 Criminal Law Amaadmant Bill " · 14 Work of the Al'cheologioal D.,. Amendment tel Obaptl!r XV of partment In India •, · ,. 34-40

India~~ Penal Code · • .. "· lfi Mohenjo.Dara and Harap~ , 34 Hlndu-Muhammadan Affain • 16 Trudia and tha ¥adraa Pruj,. Viceroy's Adc!Nu to the lndiaa dency • • • · 3'1

Legialatun . • " • • ~t-ID EJreavatiollll In Bihar .• • 38 Casualties bt: .'Inter-Communal . Discoverieo: In.. Oid Promo

Riota . ·.• . ·• • . • " . If · (B1UIII&). • •• •• ·• 39 Elfect of Oo.nununal Tenaioa 011 .. _,_ _., __ ., __ , ... India'• p~ • . . • . .: . IS m.ouuteluuM>e ..... ~ ... .,. ...

ViceroY's Soiggestlon · for . ·'I · manta • • • • • 40 Hindu-lllusliiil Conl'etence . .: 18 The :Amorieau 8choo1 af hclo-

IDndu-Musllm Couferenca ·'In: : Iranian Raesarclt • • tO Simla · • • . • • · u Linguistic 811rV87 of Jndia 40

CIIAP'IER u.· Ji'olitics cluring the year,

Exnlanation. of the Word ''"Reforma u, • •. •

The Statutory· Commiaaion and Politico in 1927-28 •. • ,

Indian Legislature'• demand fo• the auq appointment of tb& Commisaio~· ·· ~

Appointmen~ of a RePonns Com-·tl mittee UDder Sir A. llluddi·

man • • • . . U-43 41 Indian N at!onoliot'lt D01111o11dl tS

· Indian Politics 44 The Act of 1919 , tfi

42 Resulta of the Rafnnns tB .:( :r;l )

( xii )

Politics daring the yeaZ-DI,.Id, I .PMJa. PAG.,

l:ndia in the te.p& ol :Nationa 4.7 Proposal that the Oollllllisaion RaopoDBI to the Ap,Pointment of should be a "Joint Free

the Simon ()omm1yjon • • ~ ConfereJlD8" • • • • 71-71 Bindu-llluha.mmadu Ant.- Evidenoe other than that to ba

goniam , , , 4.9 submitted by Provincial Gov. Divergent Opinion& regardiDg ernmenta . • . • •

Electorates , , , _ 4.9 The QuE8tion of Report , •.. The All-India National Coagresa Sir J. Simon's Lotter ·• • .

Committee , • • • 1i0 Reaponse to Sll' J. Simon's

VI 'IJ 73

Gold St&lldard and Reoene A.mlounoement • , , 76 Bank of India BiU 61 Statement by Political Leadera 76

Indian Tarilf (Cotton Yarn Decision of tha Indinn Legia- , • Amandment) Bill • • • 611 Ia~~ to biJ100tt the COm-.

The Age of Ooaoent Bill , 611 IIU8IIlOII • • • • • T' Autumn Beoaion of the Coancil Debata in tha AaHmbJt regard-.

of State . • • • _ 63 iDg the Commiuion , • · 76 Reoolotion re~11 tha k- Sir Zulliqar .Ali on tha Simon ·

pulsion of Rindno !zom the Commiuion • , , • • . '1'6 Khyber , , • • • 64 Hon'ble the Home Member

Debate OD the Dedication of on the Simon Oommjg1oa. • 71 Girls aa Devadaaia , 64 Mr .. !lrinivaaa ~yengll1' on tha

Reoolution regarding the R&- Sunon Comnuaaion , , · 76 leaae of Political Priaonera • 64 Sir. Darcy L!ndou:v on the

Indian Legislation and the Srmon OomDllllion • • . 78 · Statutory Commiaaion , • 55 Mr .. Jayakar on the Simon Com• ADJlouncament of AlJpointm.ent mlSSlon • • • • ., 1 76

of Statutory COJDDllllion • 55 Mian Shah Nawu ~md Sardar India's Attitude towards the Maha.mmad N owu Khan on ·

Sunon Commiaoion , • 66-69 the Simon Commiaaion ; , 76 Attitude of the Preeo Towards Mr. Jinnah on the Simon CloJn!,.

tha Statutory Commiaaion • 611 miBOioo • , •. • 7G :: =.s;::~ ~ 611 ~e \;'!!or~~· ~ , .. 76 The All-lndie

110 S~r Baail Blackett on the Simon lllualim LMaoe - 61 . Commiaaion , · , , , n·

The Natiooal Ll'benl Federation Simon CommiuiOD and tha· of lndie . • • • • u Mr ~g' of State , . • • ~ 78

0p2"8ition to the Bimoa Commie- In,;, __ L• ~;~ply • . , • " . 79 11011 , , • 63 ~ zee-. 1D regard to tha

Dinrgeat Qpiniou OD the ~ Cnmmimoa • •· .. , 79 · Satutoey Qi>mmiuion M :Jl!~= of the ~ liO

Delhi. S-ion of the X:,ma,; Ed ti f De' ' ' ' SO Le~•lat·- • • • D' uca on a I pr811881l Claaaea 81 ~ -· - M ll!CUI!Oton o Railway ud

Vi~l'OJ'• Ad dNa to tha Conn: p!".J::: Jus~~ b' .., :,. . • 81-82 ail of State , • , • 66-88 Board -• '¥ .,,...,..,.

A~Tal, of tl,le Simon Commia- DillCU88ion an th~ :Main B;,d~ 8833 lion m India • • • • 68 Debate on Demud for the

Rec8~ptio"co,.~":'!rded to the N.-V{. F. P, , , .. • , unon · ioa. • • . 68 The Fmance Bill

Esperien.;ea of the Commission 69 u Ap. Partiea' Confaftnoe ,·, : Sir John Bimon'o Auaun..,_ Attttode of Provincial Cauncilo

.. .. 86

mont 71

towa,rdo tho Statutory Com• , ml8810D • • 86

( xiii )

·- CHAPTER m. Country and Town •.

PAOI. P•o•. Economio Conditiona , • 87 The Indian Veterinaey· Depart-Climatic and other Contrasts in mont • • • • • 115-

lndia -, , • • • 89 Work of the Foreet Departmant II 'T Villagee1 Roada and Railways • 90 General Remarks · on Indian ~oulture and A.gr!cultorista 90 Forasts • • , · , Faotoriee and other lndnetriea · 90 l!:ffecta of ·Deforestation • India is pre-derant~T rural • . 91 Pn!senation of F..to , , lmpi'DV-ente in Villaie Life • 112 CattJe.graaing in F..to • · • Effect of the RefonDa on Rnral Revenne Collicted by the Foreet w.. . . . 93 Department • • . • .• Growth of lndnetriea • • 93 Silvicultnral Reaaarah ImpOI'taDoe of "Kon..,._~" M Economic Reaaarah , lmpi'O'Oement in the Villagen'- ··- Wood Technology , , •

liS. nu. 1111-120>

1!1 121 1211' 1211'

Hatarial ~ • • 86 The Foreet Rei8arch IDstitnte, Progreee of IDdia daring the · Dehra Dua 1~

Last llO Y eare • • • 86 Foreet Reeearch 1~ Standard of Living of India's Silviculture • , · • , 1~

Agricultural Kaeeee • ·• 97 Entomology • , ; 124 Work of tho Co-operative Socie- Markets for Indian Timber 12•

tieis ·· • 98 Irrigation • • • lU Ueariono Loano Aot. • • • 88 Irrigation Statistico 125-Agricultariete' Loan and Land Systems of lrrisation 126-

lmpi'O'Oemont Act • • • 98 Area nnder Irrigation • 127 Pr8'ViJ..noe of Pr8'Ventible The Sutlej Valley Project 128

Disease • • • . • • 99 The Barela Canal • • 1211-Fragmentation of Boldlnga 99 The Oauvaey Reeei'Voir Project 1211-Worl< of the Al¢cultur&l n.: Welle , • • , , . I»

partment , . , 101 Welfare of India'• Agricultnriats 131 Training of Studants 102 Indian lndnetriee , , • 131!' Agricultural Schools • 102 Jndnetrial Labour l3lt R1<:e Cultivation • 103 W.aj!OI !M Wheat OultiY&tion 1M Budga , , •. ·• • 135-Suga.n!anto OultiY&tion 106 Welfare Work done for Indian Cotton CultiY&tiOD. 106 Workers • • , Jute Cultivation • 106 The Indian Faotoriea Act • Tobacco Cultivation .- 106 Lac;;;:~· of • w~. and 8eeda and Nute no Ohildr8'D· m Faotoriee • • 141 Puturaga for (lattle • • no Accidents in Faotoriea and •-'.'cultnral Oh-'"'-, J1acte- Workshcpa • • ....,ol. ~- _.,, n1 Inspection of Factorieo

n ogy, ~~. • • • • TL~ ~'- .a.~

Cattle-breeding • • - 113 &;ori!; t.h; i:hief'lnaP-r Agricultur&l Department Jour- of Minoa • · , . , , •

nal • • • 116 Unemployment in. _India · •

CHAPTER IV. State Bli.d People.

Medical Aid • , , , Maloria and cthar Prevalent

Diseases . . . . . The Indian Reaearch Fnncl. Asso.

cio.tion . • . . . Meetinga of MediCAl and Poblio

Health Er:perts · , - • •

148

149

149

160

Advieoey Ocnncil of the League of Nations . . . .

National Medical Ocnferoncea • The Indian Medical Serrioe • Examinationa of Indian Univar.

sitiea . • • • • Medioal Aiel. for Indian WOII\OD

161 !6t 161

158 163;

( :xiv )

P.wa. P.IOB. "The Cou- of Dulferin'a J!'una. -164 Drinlt and D~ • · 180 Women's Medical Serrice 1M TIM Indiaa Optum Trade

ui. 180

"Tho Victoria Memorial BoholU:· Su8p~ession of- Traffi.c1 ships Fund . . • • •. 155 plum ., ..

Drugs "!'. 161

Trainint-of Dail . • .• ' 166 Cocaine and Allied 164 "The La ChelDIBford [L"T.: . 166 Opium .Smoking 164 Health Bohools and ealth Amendment of the Opium Aot in Visitors .. 166 - Madras -.. · • -. • . .; 166

-U Bab7 week , 168 Restriction of Opium Trade 166 Education • • • • 159 Prorinoialioation of Education • 159 Aleoholio Liquors . ' .. 166 ·The Delhi University 109 ProhihitiOII ,;; • .166-87

CHAPTER v.· CommUDicationa. ,

Railwa:f~! in India • • , 166 Telegraph and Telephone_ . • .• . ·166 Trunk-Line Projeoto • • • 171 ExpaD81011 of the Telephone .. Contral Indiaa CoaUielda Rail- Bra11Ch · • • ·• . . • • • .189

way • • . • 172 Stores . . • • •. 190 Raipnr-Parvatipnram Line 172 Estimate of Reeeipte . of the · ·• Branch and FOeder Linea 173 Poote and Tolegrapha Depart. Reduction in Fares . • 173 ment .. . " .. , ... ~-- 190 l~vestjgation, of Oomplain:tl 174 Wirelesa . . • .. • _., .... ., .. 190

·Ticket Checking . • ; 174 Broadcaeting Stattons • . •.. 192 Electrilloation Sche0101 , • 176 The Indian Meteorological De-Railwar Worbhope • • • 176 partment • ·• .• • • 1lll lndianll&tion on the Railwa;r.a 176 Provision of Meteorological Ia .... 'Labour P•ition 011 Indian Rail- formation to Aireraft • ·, 191

ways • . 177 Ez.tell&i011 of Balloon Btatio111· • ·· 193 Railway Publicity . • 1'79 Storm and Rainfall Waruiuga• • ~ 194 The Road System of India 181 Meteorological Schemes • ; uw .. Civil Aviation in India, · • • 184 f1onatruction of New Meteorolo-Bchem':"' for Development. of A.lJo gica! Headquarters at Poono 194

_Serncea . • . . • . • 185 ShipplUg • . . • ,,. 195 L•ght AeroP.lane Clubs tn India 185 Administration of Shipping · · Poet& and Telegrr.pha • • 185 Navi5~:~on and LighthonaM 195 Work of th~ ~oobl Dap&rtmellt 185 The In · J!ighthouse Act· •.. 196 Pootal Statiotica • • • 186 - B 1 Pilot B • ·, 196 .Extended PooW Facilitioa 188 •ue anga II1"VICO • · lmprovament in Postal Deli...: . Indian Mercantile Marine · . 196

riee . . . 187 Improvement of Native Pasaen-Railway Mail Service • • 187 ger Ships • • • • 19G International Postal A.ctiriti• 188 Schemes for Port and HarbOlD' Telegruph Statistics 188 Development ,. 197

CHAPTER VL.

TracleamiComm-. The Fiocal Policy of India • 11111· Enquiry intO the Oil Industry • 201. The Tarilf Board • , • 200 Import and E•port Statiatice • 201. Raport 011 the Cotton lnduatey 201 Trade ConditiollS • • , 206 Potection tc the Manufacture of International Economio Confer•

Raihray Stock , • · , 202 ence 205

( XV )

PAGII. international, (Diplomatic) Con- - ,

ference. . . . • . • 205 The Genova Bides Conference •..•. ,206 Elfeo~ on Indio. of ~e Coal _

Strib ,, • ,. : • .. • 207 Tho lmrorial Conference ,_ • ll07 Work o the lnclian Tracie Pub--- licitT 08i.oor • • .- - • 208 India . at Intarnaticmal Ezhibi-' tiODS DDd Fain • • '• 209 Imported Cotton . , .-- ,JilD-11 Summag of India's. _ Im __ Porta.. _

aud _J!iXporte • • • ~. 212 Imports • • : • ·;- 213 Import of Cotton • 213 Impon of PitiOOgOC)do • ;•; 21& Impon of llletali • • 21& Import of Sugar. ·" _ • __ , lll9 Impon of Mai:bbiert · ·' • li20 Impon of Min-I Oila . • 2.20 Import of Motor Vehiolea ,. 221 Import of Rubber .. , , . 223 lmpon of A.rtill.oial Bilk - • . . . 228

Import of Raw Wool • • lm_porl of Railway . Plant and

Rolling Stock · , •. • Import of Dyes • • .• Exporta • • " -General StatisticS :, • . ·' Export of Jute ..• Export of Raw Cotton Expon of Piecuooda • , ExP<!rf; of - FoOagrains, Pulaea

and Flour · • • Expon of Tea . • • Export of Oil Seeds • -. Export of Bides and Bkina Export of Pig_ Iron • , &pori• of Tobacco • • • Exporta to the United Xinga.m Exporta to Other Countries •

Im~~-~ ~~- u~ ~: Importa from Other Countriea • India's Frontier Trade .. · .• Rail and River-borlll! Trad.o

CHAPTER VII. : ,. · · . · ··· Finance.

P~aa. JIM

225 225 226 226 226 22'1 lll!8

229 230 231 232 232 23! 233 -21M

234 235 236 236

Indiati Finance , • • · • 288 Provincial Expenditure ' • - , 254 Finaueu of Prorinafal, ·Govem- Financial Powers of the ·Govern-"' ments ' • . . . • 238 ment of India : t o • • 2515 Lord Mayo's and ·Other Re- · Financial Powers of ~e Legis-

forms · · ' · 239 c lative Councll · .• :- • • 265 ,'!-'he Montap.:Chelmiford" ~- Provincial Loans Fnnd • , 231

forma , • , • , , - '1!40 Central and Provincial Banking Effects of Dnrchy· • - -. ; . :- '1!41 Accounte ' - .- --, - ·• , • 256 BulOO!Sted Abolition of·, .. Divi- · ' - lmr>rcwement in Economio Con-

QeQ ·Heads" • . .. • · '242 dition .. -· .- •. ~ 16'7 Indian '(lonatitnti"!'&l ·Reforms" 1142_ :SepiUiation , of _ Railway and The llleaton Committee • _ • - ·1!43 General ·Bu~ . , • • 267 Confironce -of Filla1lcisl Repre-•· · ' Finances of the Year .- • · • 268

aentativeal • • .r. • · ' .. _ - ,..- 1 5M.5 'rhe Railway Budget . . .268-62 llleston Committee on Income Iteduction in Rates and Fares 268

G. Too: S- • • . • ~ - • 248 Railway Budget- Estimate fOr

eneral ~ .... · • • · 246 1928-29 • • • • • 281 Initial and Standard Contribu~ Railway Exteuaiona , 21tl

tions to the Central Govern- The General Budget .. 263

Ile~:~!ion of tho'' Settleme~t of 247 Encouraging Surplus - • 263

llleeton Committee . • , 250 The W ~ya and M;eana Position 264 Modi6.cationa in the )Ieaton Borrowmg Operations .264.

Propooala , , · , , 261 London Remittuce • •65 Pro_vinoial D""'!"'4 for. R~ External Indebtedness , ll66

s1on of Prov1n01al Contribu- Est" tea f •• F' 'a! tiona . • • ., • 261 1ma or WL8 manc1 263

Sir Basil Blackett's Budget D yb~arS . 266 Speech • . , , .• 261 e " 81'Vlce • •

.Existing . Finanoial Arrange- Estimated Revenue and E"!>en-menta 168 dituro for 1928-29 , 266

( xvi .)

PAo•. <lonol111ion of Sir Basil

Blackett'a Bpeeoh • • • 267 81J!Illll&1'7 of Sir Basil Blackett's

Term of Ofllce , • • 268 Gold Standard and ROIM!I'V8

Bank of India Bill • • 268 Propoaed Composition of a Reo

serve Bank • • • • 270 Sir Basil Blackett'a Propoaala • 270 Sugpoti0111 in the -'-bl;y re.

gUdi!lg the Bill • • • ll7l Tbe " Btockbolden Scheme " m Decioion of the Govenunent 272

P&GB. Att..mptad lntroduatfon:- of a

New· Bill · • • • , 272 Rejection of Both Billa b:r the ·

Assembl;r · · • •' , ·• ', B7S Resolution Rel!!'rding ;Banking .

Facilitiea· in India • • • 27S Recommendations of the Eztar.

nal.Oapital Committae- • •· 27S

~on u:-p~-~ 274. The 1027 Ru_pee Loeu · · • of• 274. ~ental Separation

Audit. fr_om Aooounta • 276

CHAPTER VID.

E:denW Relatiou, Milituy • .Aarial ua Haul .AJiain, Oommunieati0111 'between India

and Other Oountriea • • India iD tbe Leape of N a tiona India'• Relations with her

Neighboun • • • • ·The North-Weat Frontier Prob-

lem • • • . • Bistor;r of the Nortb-Weat Fron-

tier Provinoe • • • Description of the Nnrtb-Weat

Frontier Provinoe • • The Tranaborder Tribea Tranaborder Oonditiona • Political RiatorJ: of the Fr.,_

tier • • • • • • Preaent Poliq of GovOI'IIIIlellt • 8aodeman1a Poliq • • .. lmJ!rovementa linoe 1920 • • Ciru Defenoe Foroea • •• The l'rootier Oonata'-1•- • The 'Tram-Frontier Oi";i~ Cnrpe Hhaaedan • • .. • Unreat on tbe Peahawar Border Diaturbanoe 011 the ltobat Bor-

der • • • • • Raids on the Xurrum Border w aairist&D • • • Education in Tribal Oountr;r Fire in Peahawar Cit, • · Baluohiltan • • Relationa with Perala • • Relationa with· Nepal , • M"""a and Medina Pilgrimage • Aden • , • • • Aboli~ion oi,Bla .. ~ , • Relat1ona With Afpaniatan • Relstiona betwMU the Indian

GoYOrllment and Indian States Indian Emill'ation

276 277

278

278

279

280 280 281

!82 282 282 ll83 283 l!IK 211& 211& 285

1811 296 !86 287 287 287 288 288 289 289 289 291

291 291

. . . New Emigrati011 Aot· Indians in FL• .. · Situation in ~ya · •

. ' . Report of the· Xen;ra a;;,.ern:

ment Commiasion • • ~ 296 Histor;r of tbe South AfriOIUl

Situation ;;· • • ·• 296 Relations batween the Govern-

ment of India and the Union Government • • • • 298

Work of the Right Bon'ble ll[r. Brinivaaa Saatri · • · • • ~98

British Guiana • • · • • 299 The Ro:r, Wilson and Snell Com-

mission • • •. • •. ···291 Introduction iD Parliament of a

Bill regudiDc British Guiana 300 llalaya • • • • ·• 301 Indian Naftl · . and lfilitat:F ~u:t!:f.:.ti..; of .the :an..; : = The Xing's Oommiaaion ancl the V~s Oommiaaion • • .303

The Prmce of Walee' Bo;ral Indian Mi!it&r;r College 303

303 803

The Skeen Coamiittee • • Report of .the Skeen Committae Undflllirabilit, ·.of the Ei&ht.-

Unlt ,Scheme • • • 30f: Indian Cadets at Bandhurat , SOt Debate on · the Report of the

Skeen Committae , • , , 80.11 Resolution On tbe lndianiaation

of the Army • , • , 30~ Colonel Crawford'• BeplJ to ll[r,

lye_!!gar • • • •. • 308 Mr. K. C. Bo:r on the lndiani-

sation of the Ml1!'l • 807 Commander-in-Chief'a Bpeeoh 307

( ·.inii ) .

Esteru1 RelatioDI, MllituJ; Aerial utl Naval .A!ain--cottl4, •. 1 P.&oK. ., P.1.o•.

Mr," lyeugar'a •.... A..w.eudment.. -Tiie' Royal . .Air. ll'orQe. , , 1.13 Carried. • • · .:J' ·• · · •• 308 Sanction of ' lrwo · ' · Bombins

COncluiii)DB of the ·- _,a.ome· and, · · Squadrons ...... ,_ •... '•~ ~,,. " .. 818 . hdion GoverlliDonta ; · .;·· 308 0 . . h u W m p

BeUoDlmendationa of the lndi.o.u. _ perattons m t e .n.- . .&~"0 •• ; 81~ Sandhlll'llt .Committ01> ·, · ,_,' ~09 Aerial Escort. for'J.ba Xius' of

llldia.U...tiou of tho Non-Com-.· : .. AfghaDJBt&ll, , .•. , • . il.' .batt>nt Brancheo of the .Al'Dl,J• • ~10 Recooatnlc>MOD 'Ofl ...., · -Royal ·: · ·

King's Commiasioaa . .ia tho I • .A.· 311. 1 diaD MariJit> '3l gg.pl-we __ n• of . !l'roop• dnr.iag . ' .· 11

• • •··• • · · '

S• ~· · d lntoMJom l>eb_ato· 'oli''the·· Inciian''Na>7 ·· .· B:,:es r~~ · ~~ ··-3IS. Bill ~- •. _ •.;:., .~ , ,.,_ .alS-1~ .

.• · CHAPTER IX. The~

(i) L&W' ...0. OBD-. Stnlctlire 'bl l>riMD~ial' 'G<>Vern• ·. : · ' •Crime in the Delhi Proviuoo •. 331

menta : · • .Reeened ' -.nd · '_' · . ·Capture of a Dacoit Leader • 333 . 'Tran8forred' Subj<!(:ta · • · · 317' Poli<"e i11 Bomb117 , • •· , 333

Police in IndiA · • . '· 318 Tho Duzdap Coining Conapirac.Y Ca>tle Theft& ' ' · ' ·•; · • ' ' •· · •'S21 · , Case· .•.. , • . ·.. . , • . 338 Murders , • • • • • ·· 322 'Police in the 'United Provin- 334 Elttro.cts frdm the ~tanjo.b Police, l'olioe in A.saam .. i 1 , •• ~ <• 334.

ne.,ort . . • ' I' • _.---' ~ ~ • ' ·, .• ,_ 323 Police in Madras I ,. • • . I • aafi CrimmBI Elomenbo : ,'· ' • • · 324 Police in the Central Prcwinooa .336 The Special Dacoity' Polioo '" .• · 324 Police in Ben&,al . ,, , • . , 338 Capture of a Gan11 of .. Docoibo ,Police in the .l'Wijab , , "' , , • 336

in United Provinooa • • 826 Cottle Theft& , .. , , " 337 Armed and Civil Police • • 326 Intor..Communai Clashes , , •. , 837 King's Police Modal . · • • 326 Murdon: _p.._ • , '· . 337 A,HOad QonatAble!s Achievement. 327 Statistics of tho Work ,of tho Fagbte mth D&COI:ta • , . 327 Cattle Theft Polioo • 338 ReScue Work .clurJIIII Floods ,.. .328 Police in Burma. , • .. • , • 3311 D""""!'B of Oppression, ,and Cor--... a2U Police iJ! Bih_ar an4 Oriaaa 339

NptlOil ,. ,., , , , . • ·CommDDJBm lD lndia , . , 3&0 The Volunteer Polioo Bill ·· .:, , 330 Strikoo • • • • ,3&1-.a Imprwod Method& of Detocticm , 331 Tho " Loogue " egainat Imperi-Stotiatica of Crime • • • 332 aliam .• , • • • 3&&

CHAPTER X. The ProviDcea.

(io) TlD T!w<&nm~BD Dn,._l, ConferollOO of Prnvincial R&- Amendmeuta to Municipal Acta

presenta.tives • • 345 in Bomb8.J 1 • , • 349 LOcal Boif..Qovornmont 346 Amendment of ToWD Areas Act Lord Ripon ancl LocAl Solf..Qov. in tho Unit..! P.rovinc• S!iO

erllJDent • 346 Bill to ameud the Law Rela~ Development of Self-Governing ing to MUDicipolitiea in

lnatitutiona • • • • M6 Burma 860 lndiBn Municipalities • 347 Bill to aunencl tho Bihar ancl Amendment of the Modraa Dis- OriR&a Local Self-GovOI'IIing

trict MunicipAiitiea Act, 1920 349 Act 3!i0 B

( ':r.viii . )

tlaeP:ttniJEJ . \ ... P.&a& . PMa.

Ameadment to Central Prorin- Edueatitm in' Bomba,;r · , • 11'10 .. Hwaicipalitiea .lot • • . 1161 Education. in B.,...r • • · I'll

l>imict ll1ld Taluk Bauds in Educatitm in the Uaited Pro- · -' , tile Madna Preaidenq ,. 361 ville. • _ • · • • ' • 87!

llwrlcipal .&clmiaiat.ratiDil in Educati011 in Bihar aad Oriaaa m Bihar ll1ld Orilla · , • • 11111 Educati011 in the Central Pr. '

](QIIicipalities, ete., ill ~ . 361 villCM • • "' •. '. -. lluDicipali\iee in \be Ua1ted EducatiOil in BUI'IIIa · · · · • • .-~- .. • ... · •. : 363 Education ill A.aaaa ; ··;• · ·•

873 ..,~

876 llunicipaliti• in the Central - Tbe Central Ajlricultaral ·:0.

Prona- ; , 31115 partment ·· • ; , , 176 Rtlral Belf..Qovan>meDt iD Tbe Co-<>perative Societ7 llove- ' '

Burma . • , • • 3&5 ment . • -. • ·•· 375 Municipaliti01 iD .Auam • ..f. I 366 . Co-operative m.oY811Wlt iD )llacl. Public Health • • • • 366 rae .. • , , , , 870 Preventioa of D'- • ,.•' 0 867 Co-operative mov0111011t ia Bcm-Pnblic Health Department iD. - bay • • • • • • 377

Madras , , • , • 367 The Agricultural Commiuioa iD Ep1demioa ia Bomb~ · • · • 368 Bengal • , . ; . • · , · .. &'18 Public Health iD Beiiaal . . 368 Co-operative Societi01 ·;,. the · Healtb;r Seucm _ia tlie United _ UDited Provin- · • ,. · , : 378.

Prov111001 • • • • 360 Co-operative Bocieti01 iD lliiiR , · · Cholera iD Bihar ll1ld Oriaaa 360 ·and Orissa • , .: , . 3711 Leprooy OliDioe · · • · 381 Co-operative Sociatiee in the. . · Public health iD Bnrma • 381 Central J>royj._ , · , . , 3711 Public health in Aloam • 382 Co<Jperative SocietiOI .iD A811a1D. 180, :.::..'\:"Ed"'!,.~ .. ~ · = Dev,_lopl110llt of, Rural . laduo- • " _

DeveiCiplllODt of Scboolli • • · 386 Tb~engat' lad~ n.;pan: 180

111ltrllctioa for the Dep....d meat • • • • • l8l Cl- . . . . . · 386 ReMarcb in the tJDited l'rovjll-. ~ iD l'rim1117. and Bi&bw oee • • • • • • 881

Stageo of EduoatlOD ·• ' - Dep___ of. Induetrloo in · · 0Dh·eniti• • • • -•. 36'1 Jlihar and Onaaa · . • • 381 Nigbt Bohool ll1ld Other Mov"' Department of ladnatri01 iD the

menta • , • . 368 Central Province~· ~ • ·· .. 882 All-laclia EducAtica :Report 889 Department · of Iaduatrioo ;,. Education iD M:adrae • 870 Assam •. . . , 183

H. E. LORD IRWIN, V~eeroy 111d Governor Cenual.

APPENDIX I (aJ.

'lBll hmUN 8UT1JTOB1' ColiJWIIJOR. QBOBQB JL.I.

G10llil• m J'Donr, h7 the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the . Britioh Dominion& beyond the· seas; King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor

of !nella, ~ ,. Our Ri11ht Trust;.' &1!-d w;.n.Bel~>ved Counsellor Sir John Allsebrook . Simon, Knight Command~ ?f the Royal Victorian !;lrder, Ol&c:er !Jf Our Most ~t Order 11f the Bntiah Empire. _ : . ·

... · Onr risht Trnat7. and Weli.Jieloved ·Couein :a.rr;r LaWIIOn Wehoter, Via­<>Onnt Burnham, Knight Grand Crooa of our Moot Diotingniohed Order of .t!a.int Miohael and Saint George, Member of the Order of the Companions ·..r Honour, npon whom We have co~· the Territorial Decoration;

Onr right TrDat7 and Well-Beloved Donald Sterling Palmer, BarOn Strathcona and J(onnt. Bo;ral. · Our Tniat:r and_ WeD-Beloved Edward Cecil George Cad_, Eoquire ··(commonly called the Honourable Edward Cecil George Cadogan), Companion 'of Our.Most Honourable Order of tbo Bath;

.. Our Right Trusty an~ Well-Beloved Counsellor Stephen Wolah ;• Our Right Tr~t;y an.d Well-Beloved Counsellor George Richard Lane­

"FO:s:, ·Honorary Colonel, the Yorkshire- Hussars Yeom&J11'7, upon whom We *' ·have conferred the Territorial Decoration;

, Our. Trusty and Well-Beloved Clement Ri!lhard Attlee, Eoquire, Major, late South l'anoaohire Regiment; ~, . · · · ._ · Greeting I

Wheraas ·wo have doOmed it e:q>edient.that the Oommioaion for which provWoll ja .mode in Section. 84A of .the Government of Indi& Act ohould

· forthwith be appointed for the purpose of inquiring into tlie working of ·the &)'Stem of government, the growth of education, and the development of npreeentative inotitutions, in Britioh Jndia. and matters oollllOoted th ..... with, and ohould report u -to whetliar and to what eDaDt it ill deoirablo to ..... blish the principle of reepcmai!>Je government. or to extend, modify, or raotriot the degree of -llllible government then uilting tharein, inclod­jng the question whether the eatabljohment of aeoond ohambera of tho local legialeture ia- or io not deairable:

Now know 78 that We, repoaing great trnot and confidonoa In your bowledge and ability, have on the adrioa of Our ·llecratar7 of State for Jndia acting lrith the coneurrenoe of both HoUB88 of Parliament authorilod and appointed1 and do by these Presents authoriB& and appoint )'OU, the said Sir John A.llsebrook Simon (Chairman); HlllTY Lawaon We bater, Viscount Burnham; Donald Sterling Palmer, Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal; Edward Cecil George Cadogan; Stephen Walsh; Geor~e Richard Lane-

• Ncmo.-The Risht Hon'ble Stephen Walah baring reaigned for raa&Oill <>f ill-health the Risht Hon'ble Vernon Hartohorn wao appointed in hil place 'Under a Warrant, dated the 7th Deoember 1927. ·

I 386 I

':186

Foz and Clement Richard A.ttlee to be Our Oommissionon for the purpoaea aforeeaid.

And for the bettor elfectiug the pnrpoaea ef thia Our Commission, We do l>y theee Preeenta pft and grant 1111to you, or &IIY three or mare of you, fall power at &IIY pi8C8 in Our l]Ditad Kiagdom or in India. or elsewhere in Our DomiDione to oall before ;yon ouch penone u you ohall judge likely to afford ;you au;y information upon the subject of this Our Commission: and also whether in Our aaid Kingdom, or in India, or elsewhere in our Dominiono to oall for information in writiJia; to call for, haft- to and uamine all such boob, dOCliiDOilta, registero and recorda u 11117 afford you the fuUeet information on the subject, and. to inquire of and concerning the premises by all other lawful wa;yo and meane whatsoOftr, including tho appointment by

. the OoiiiJDioaion with the aanction of Our Sooretary of State for India, of any penon or penono to make nbordinate enquiries and to report> the reau!t to the Commiooion:

And We do by theae Preaenta authorise and empower yon or an;y of you to visit and inspoet poroonolly 11Jch placeo u ;you may doom it e:o:pediont ao to inspeet. for tho more effectnol canj;ng ont of the purpoaea aforoaaid :

And We do by theee Preoanta will ud ordain that thia Our OommiuiOD aball oontinue in fall force and Yirtue,. and that you, Our aaid Commiasionera, or any three or more .of you, ma7 from time to time proceecl in the execution thereof, and of every metter and thing therein contoiued, altb_ough the aamo be net continued from time to time by adjourment:

And We do fDrther ordain that yon, or any three or mere of you, ha'IV liberty to report ;your pTO""'dinp under thia Our Oommiui'>Jl from time to time if you ehall judge it e:o:pedient eo to do :

A.nd Our further will and pleasure is that you do, with ao little delay ao pouible, report to Ua under your hands and seals, or under the banda and seals of any three or mere of ;you, ;your opinion upon the matten herein submitted for :ronr oonaideratiOD.

Given at Our Court at SQint :Tam••'• the Twenfy.riztl day of Nooe,.. ber, One thousand nine hundred and twenty..aevenJ iD the Eighteenth Year of Our Reign.

B7 llia llajeaty'a Command. · W • .T"""""""llicr...

APPENDIX I (b).

SuOBlDINT BY H. E •. Tlill VxOBBOT.

Eight :yean ago the British Parliament. enacted a Statute which re;u!atecr the condition& under which India might Jearn by actual uperiance whothar· or not the Wootern i,ystom of representative govarnment wu the monc appropriate moana through which aha might attain reaponaihle nlf-BO••rn­ment within the Empire. That statute n""er profeeaod to incorporate irreYo­oable deeiaiona, and ncoguioed thet ita work mnat of Jleoeasity be ..mewed: ha the Ught. of fnJier b.owledge with ·the Japee of yearo. ParU&IIlellt ...,.rd­illgl)' ollaoted that at the llJld of tall )'tiara, at Ja-, a Statutor;r OommiosiOil ohould be appoillted to examine &lid report llpoll the progreos made.

Oollliderable preeanre hao durillg reoant yoare bean uercloed to 8IODl'O

'IJlticipatiOil of the etatuta, hut His Jllajeaty'o Goverllmellt hao hitherto felt that circumetallceo ill hdia wera •ot ouch u to jutify, ill the illtareata of llldia itnlf, ad.......,.ant of the data at which the future denlopmlhlt of the conatitutiOil would be conaidered. So, loDg aa the mnrioe .........,. of palitlell nOil-co-operatiOil p......ned, it W8l evidant thet the co•diti- nquiaite for calm. appraiBOmollt of a complicated conatitutional problem were lacking, and lhat an earlier onquiey would hare been likely only to Ol'7lltelliae ill oppooi­tion two poillta of 'riew, between which it must he tho aim and tho duty of statasmanahip to elfaot rocOncilliation. But there hare bean oisns latterly that while thoae who have been foremost in advancin11 the claimo of India to full nlf-government have in no way abandoned prinoipi .. thOJ have felt it •hair duty to Bll&rt, yet there is in many quarters a greater dispoaition to deal with the actual facta of the situation and to appreciate what I be6oY8 to be most indubitably troo, namely, that the dilforenceo which nilt on thooe mattare are dilferances of method or pace, &lld llOt dillorences of principle or disagreemente aa to the goal which we all allke desire to TO&ch. .

It Ia oleo oortaill that the ..mew, if it Ia to lie thoroach, and cl~ ad .. qnata13' with the iean• that will claim attantio•, will have milch gronncl to cover, &lld, both for this etage &lld for thoee thet will ........,.;13' follow, it Ia important to Oll&DrO a auJJici81lt aiiOW&IlOO of time, witllout undnly poet. ponills the data h)' which final actiOil could be llDclertabu.

There ia ... other elament in the prooellt positioll, which ia immediately ...tevant to the qustion of wh81l the work of the CommisoiOil ohonld begin. W• are all aware of the groat, the unbap~ groat, part played in the life of India -~ by communal t&lloiou. &lid &ll&agonism, ... a of the obetacle thns imposed to Indiall political development. It mlght be argued thet ill euch circumstallcu it was desirable to delay the institutioll of the Commll­siOil as long 11 poesible, in the hope that this trouble might ill the meantime abate. On the other hand it seems not impossible, that the oncertaint,> of what constitutional changes might be imminent may have esrved to oharpell thia antagonism, and that each side may have beeu, eon1cioual7 or ucona­oiously, actuated by the desire to strengthen, Bl thQ' n.ppOied, their relative position in anticipation of the Statutory Commission. Wherevv

( 887 )

888

neh octi'liti• 111&1 6rA begin, the noalt ·Ia to ereato a . vicioua circle, in whieh all communities are likely to foe! th8DIIelvoo conatramed. to estond their meaanres of self-defence.. •

Tho foct that thiBO fi.oree antllgoniams are irreconcilable with the whole idea of Indian nationalism baa not been powerful enough to. uercioo ita inllueDce ....... graat 'numbers of people in an elaasea, and I auapeet that 'tho communal i08ll< ia ao cloaely intorwovon . In the political, that suspense ·and uuoertGinty in regard to tho political l'8IIC!t rapid)J and unfavour~bly 'ripon tho cotUmunal situation; Fear ia frequently the parent of bad tom per, and whan man are afraid, aa they are to-day, of the etfect unknown political lm..,P. · may haft, they are abnormally ready to """" relief from, and an ..iutle.t' fo~; ·their ·fears in violent. a!'d hnat:y action. . In eo f,.r aa these ~roublel ate··the product of sospenae, one may hope for aome relief through action· taken to limit the period of uuoartalnt:y. · · · ' lla'r!ag ..,g...a to soch COIUIIderationa aa th- Hia Hajeety'a Government baa decided to in'lito Parliament to advance the dato of the enquiq and to uaant forthwith to the aatabljabmant of th9 Commiasion. Subject to the obtainini of thia naceaaar:y authority, His llrajaat:y's Govarnment bop• that ltlui Oomm!BBion will prooaed to India as ear)J as poeaibla In the New Year for a lhort -rislt; retorning to India in October for the performance of their main task. . . . . .

. . The task of .the Commission wili be no 0087 one. _In the governi"'l wor<la of the Statute, which. will oonatitute ita terms of reference, it will be charged with " inqv,iring into the· workini of the .,.tom of government, the growth. of adnoation, and tha developmant of -antati..,. -inatitutiona, In Britilh India, and matt.ora connected tharewitb, and the Commission •baiJ 'report; aa to whether and to what extant it ia dBBirabla to establish tho principle of responsible governmant, or to extend, modify, or r..triot the _degree of respouaible government then matins therein, including the ques­tion whether the eatal!liahment ,of eeoond chamhera of tho local legislatures 'is or Ia not deoirahle " •

. . Hia Majest:y'a Government. have natura!IJ given oaroful thought to the moat appropriate agency for the conduCt of an enquiq ao· oompreheDii'l'e and ;,.nres1;rioted.

· · Th8 queaticm. of what should be,tiJe eompoeiticm. of the Commlsaion ia cme to which the auwer mnat inevitably be graat)J lnlluenoed &, th~ nature of the tuk which Parliomout baa to perform in the light of ita adnce. In order that the deciaion at which His MajeatTs Government ba.1'8 arrived .may. be fully -understood, it i1 neceaao.ry to state in ·• few words what they mnoeive that task. to be. U it were oiDipl:y the drawinc up of a oonatitution which• Parliament, which mnat in a117 ci- be the hal arbiter,· would impoao on Indi• from without, 1;he problem would be comparatively aimple. But that. ·ia not· ·how !Iii MajeltJ'i G'overnmant tonceiva it. The Jlreamble to tho Act of 1919 recocniaed in elleot that, with tho development of Inclian political thonght duriag tbe last· geilerat.ion,. legitimate aspirations towards reaponaible- government bad been formed of which acoonnt must be taken. ~ ~Mt:r'• P~t O""?"""'ent deaire no leoo to toke aocount ~~ thooe aapu-at•ona, and · thOU' hopa •• to lay before Parliament--alter tho

389

~innstigation into facta prescribed b:r the Aot-oonclusioDO which shall ao• far aa is practicable have boon reached by agreement w:ith all tho partioo concerned. It is w:ith thia object oteadil,y in view that Hill Majooty'l· Government have ccruridered both tho compooition of the Commiuion and the procedure .to he followed in dealing with ito nport.

It "'"'ld be generall7 agreed tholi whet is required is a CoiDIDiasion "Which would he nnbio.oood ud competont to preoont o.n ......,..to picture of facto to Parliament; but it maot ah!o he a bod;r on whose recommendationo­Parliament should be found willing to toke whatever action a study of those facto m07 indicate to he appropriate.·

To fuUil the lirot requiremant it would follow that tho Commiaoion should he anch oa m01 approach ita task w:ith II]'JDpoth;r and a real deeire to aaoiot India to the utmost of ito power, but with minds free &om preccooeioed: oancluoiouo on either aide. lt is, however, open to doubt whether a Com-· misaion coDitituted ao ·u to include a aubatantial proportion of Indiau. membero, and, eo it rightlf would, British oflicial members aloo, would oatiofy the lirot condition of roaching conclaoiono "!'Dafocted by any procooo of a priori raoaoning. On the one hand. it might be felt that the deoireo,. 'll&tural ud legitimate, of the Indiaa- members to eee India a eelf.gover.,._ iDg nation could hardir fail to colour their judgment of her prooant capa­city to anotaln the· r6Jo, Oli the other· hand, there are thooe who migh._ hold that Bl"itish ollioial members would he leea than human if their judg­ment were not in some degree, aft'ected by long and close contact with the· question& to which they would now he invited to· apply impartial minds.

But even after such a Commission had written ita report, Parliament. would inevitoblf approach coniideration of it with aome element of mental roeervation dna to on inotinotiYO feeling that the advice in more the,. one caae roprooantod vien to which the holder waa provioaolf committed. It would move uncertainly among concluaioDJ1 the exact 'falue of which, oWing to unfamiliarity with the mi uda of their framers, it would feel un-able tO appraioe. · '

We should, however, he making a great mistake if we auppooeci tha' theoe mattero """" pure!¥ oonatitutional, or could he treated merol;r ao the aubjeet of judicial investigation. Indian opinion hos a clear title to aalr: that iD 'the elaboration Of a new --iDBtrum•t of govemment, their BO]o­tion of the problem, or their judgment on other solutions wbich may be proposed, ahould be made an integral factor· in the examination of the queatjon and be given due Weight in the ultiuiate decision. It ia therefore 011ential to lind meano h:r which Indiana m07 be made partiea to th,. doliberatiou ao nearfy alfeotina the futuro of their conntr;r.

B•lanoiq tbeae ft.riou couiderations, and eudeaVOIII'iD& to aive due • weight to each, His Ma.ieet:v'•· Governmen• hove decided upOn the following

prooedure :~ .. They .propooe. to recomliland to His Majeaty that the Statutoey. Com•

miaoion should be ccmpoood eo followa :~ Chairman-The Right 'Hon. Sir John Simon, M.P.; Memboro-Tbe

Viocount Barnhom, · The Lord Strsthcona, The Hon. E. Oedogaa, M.P.; The .Right Hon. Stephen Walsh, llf.P., Colonel The Right Hon. George Lane-Fos1 M.P., and~ Major 0. R. Attlee, M.P. •

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Ria MajOat;y'a Government cannot of C01l1'18 dictate to the Commiaalon what procedure it ahall follow, but they are of opinion that ita task. in taking evidtmae would be greatly facilitated if it were to Invite the Central l.egialature to appoint a Joint Select Committee, ohoaen from ita elaoted and nominated unofBoial members, whioh would draw up ita views and propoaala in writing and lay them before the Commission for examination in auoh manner ea the !attar may decide. This Committee might remain in being for.any consultation which the Commisaion might desire at subsequent otagea d the enquiry. It ahould be clearly underetood that the purpoaa of this auggeation it not to limit the cliacretion of the Oommieaion ia hearing other witnesaeo.

Hia Jolajeat;y'a Government augged that a aimilar pracedore ahould be adopted with the Provincial Legialatorea.

The not area to be co-..1. may make it deaireble that the taak of takiag evidenoe on the more ~ admiDistrative queoti- involved ahould k undertaken "by eome other authority, whioh would be in the cloaen tauoh with the Oommiaaion. His Majesty'a Govmnment lUgged that the Com· miaaion en arrival in India ahould CO!blider and decide by what machinery this work may most appropriately be disoharged. Thia will not of coarse debar ·the Commiulon from the advantage of taking evidenoe itaalf upon th .. e aubjeata to whatever ·extent it may think deairable.·

When the Commission has report.ed and ita report has been uamined by the Government of India and His Maj..ty's Government, it• will be the duty of the Iotter to preaent proposals to Parliament. But it ia not the intention of Ria Majeat;y'a Government to IISk Parliament to adopt theae propo11la without llret giving a full opportunity for Indian opinion of different schools to contribute ita view upon them.

And to this end it ia intended to invite Parliament to refer theae pro­poaala for ooneideretion by a Joint Committee of both Houeea, and to facilitate the preeantation to that Committee both of the view of the Indian Central Legialature by delegations who will be invited to attend and confer with the Joint Committee, and also of the 'riewa of any other bodiee whom the Joint Parliamentary Committee may desire to 00118Uit; .

In the opinion of His Majesty'a Government the prooedore oontampiataa fu1li1a to a very great extent the reqniaitaa outlined above.. · ·

Snob a Oommillllion, bwn from men of evert Britiah political party, and preaided over by one wboea publio poaition ia due to outstanding abili~ and ohereatm, will evidently bring fresh, trainad, and aoalfeated judgment to bear upon an immeJllely comples. collStitutiona.l issue.

M:or~over, the l.ndings of some of ita own members can oount in advance upon a favourable reception at the hands of Parliament1 which will recognise .. them to apeak from a common platform of thought, and to be applyin11 etandarda of judgment whioh Parliamen~ will feel inatinotlveq to be ita own. For myealf I oennot doubt that tbe qwckest and aureat path of tboae who <leaire Indian progr011 ia by the perauaaion of Parliament, and that they ean do thia more certaiuly through members of botb Honaea of Parliament then in any other way. Tho Indian nationalist hea gainad much if he oan convince Membera of Parliament on the spot, and I would therefore go

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·further and 11&7 that if th01JG who speak for India have oonJ!danoa in tha case which thq advance on her behalf, they ouJht to weloome rach an opportmrlty being atforded to as many members of the Britiah Legialatnre ·as may be th111 to come into contect with the realitiee of Indian life and !Politico.

· Fnrthermore, while it ia for these reasons of nndoubted advantege to all who ,desire an utenaion of the Reforms that their caee ahould be heard in the &rat instance by thoM who can command the nnqueetioned oon!denoe

of Parliament, I am ll&llgUine enongh to enppoae that the JUtbocJ. ohCRD by His Majeat;y'a Government will also asanre to Indiana a bel>ter opporianjty than thq could have enjoyed in any other way of ;nB.nencing the -of theee ....,.t events. For not only will t&OT, through rep-tetivee of ihe Illdian Lecislaturea, be enabled to espress tbemeelvee fneJy to the Com­million itself, hut it will also be witiUn their power to chaUange in· dotall <>r prlnoiple any of the propoaals made by His Majeat;y'e Goverament before the Joint Belect Committee of Parliament, and to advocate their own aolu­tiona. It ahould be obaerved moreover that at thia atega Parliament will not ilave 1>een aaked to' espresa any opinion on partioular propoaals and ~ ·fore; so far aa Parliament is concerned, the whole lleld will atUJ be open.

I hope that there '~)'ill be none, whatever may be their political opinions, who will fall to toke advantege of thia potent moans thna preeented to them <>f establiehing direct contect between the Indian and Britiah peoples. There will be some whose .inclination, it may be, will prompt them to condemn ·the 'acheme of procedUre on which His Majesty's Government has decided, Others may criticise thia or that part of the propo,..ls. ·The reply to thaae last ia that the plan outlined stenda as a aingla comprehensive whole, and ahould be 10 regarded. Of the &rat, ~ would ask in all sincerity whether disagreement on the particular machinery to effect the end which we

all IWke pursue is aulllcient ground for any man to stand aside, and decline to lead his weight to the joint effort -of peoples that thia uadertr.kiDC repreeenta. I have never conoealed from m;yaelf that there are and will be ditf........, of opinion between the two peoplee, jlllt 11 thare are differenoee of opinion within Great Britain and India on theee matten. It ia through disagreement, and the cJaah of judgment, that it u pvan to as ultimatelT to approach the knowledge of the trath. It u also ineritablo that oa iunee ao momantoua, clilfereDce of judgment will bo founded 011 deep aad sincere eonvictioD.. But, if di11loult, our general line of conduct u anre)T plain. Where poaaible it ;. our duty to bring theee diJferencea to agreemen•; whore thU is at any given moment not practicable without aurrander of acmething fundamental to our poaition, it is our duty to differ aa friend., each re.-" pectiDC the standpoint of the other, and each being oareful to - that we ••1 or do nothing that will needlessly aggravate dift'erencu which we are unable immecliatel,y to resolve.

The effect that auoh 1differences will have upon the relatiou between the two countries will depend upon something which liea deeper than the differences themselves. A..ll friendships are subject at timea to 1traina which try the tempers and lay men under the necessity of e:r.erciling coDJiderable forbearance and restraint. Such strains are indeed a BOTereign test, for just as one ia the stronger for rising superior to the temptation to which

Q

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another ;yields, eo true frienclshlp llourishee on the au .... fal emergence from the YV1 test which would disaolve any Ieee 8rmly foUilded partnenhip. In real friendship each party ia oonotrained to B8B the beat in the other'• oaee­to give credit for the beet motivee, and pbM:e the moot charitable interpl'eta­tion 11p011 8lltiona wbich they might wish othenriae. Above all, frienda will strive to correot differencee b7 appeal to the many things on which th11 ....., agreed, rather than lightJ, imperil frionclshlp b7 inaiatence on point. in regard to which th17 take conllicting viewl. · .

Thill I would fain kust it would be in iii. proeent cue. I do uot think I am miatoken if I easerl> that it io the bed determination of the OVO!'­

whelming majority of the citieeu beth of India and Great Britain to hold 8rmly b7 the good-will whicli, through many mala and It may be through -some falee otops on the pert of each, baa meant mach to hoth. . In each COUiltr, there ma7 be from time to time misunderstanding of the other. Let Dl not lll8gllify auoh thinp be7ond their value. Leaet of all let us permit auoh tmnaient inS- to lead ... to Ioee lright of the rich priee of achievement of a common purpoee; which we ma7 aeaareclly win together bat can harcn, win in eeparation. It ia m, meat aarnaot hope that this joint endeavour to eolve a problem, on the w:iae treatment of which eo mach depends, m19' be inapind b7 auoh a apirit u aball olfar good hope of reMhing an iaaue to the groat and abiding good of India aad ·of _an her eone.

2'ile &til N.......,.,., lfJI'I.

mWIN, Vlc.,..,v cncl Gooernot' General.

. APPENDIX I (c), ·

TIIB PIIWII llll!nal'llll.: Yea; and I apologise to tho llouao for the rather loDg answer. .&. !he House will remember, one of the provisions oontained in the Indian Reforma Act of 1919 reqwred ·"at the upiration of 10 7ean after the p888iug " of that Act, the appointment, .with the oanaurrenoe of bolh llousea of Parliamant, of persons to be a Commiaaion ·to inquire into the working of the Incliall oonstitution. and to:consider the deairabilit7 of eatabliah­ing; e:riending, modifying or restricting the degres of responsible govern­ment then eziatiDg there. The Government have decided, lor various reaaona which I• nesd not now apeoif;y, thab R' ia deoirable to anticipato the dato (Deoemher, 1929) oonhmplaW 1>7 the Aoli and to appoint thia _. imporiant Boyal Commiesion forthwith. • · •

.Balancing the Yariona oonsiderationa and endeavouring to gift cta8 11'8iglat to each, His MajestY• Government have decided upen the foUowiDg proos. dura: · ' ·

(a) ~87 propoes to ..;..,..m ... d to liia Majq that the Stotato"7 Oom­mi88ion shonld be. compoesd aa foUows i

The richt bon. and lo&rne.i Member for Spen Valle7-

Sir- John Simon (CIIainn<>ro); · ;Lord Burnham 1 .. I,ord Strathoona and Mount Boyal; The lion. Member for Finchley (.Mr. Cadogan) 1 The Right lion •. Member for lnoe (Mr., Stephen Walsh); !rhe Right lion. ·Gentleman the Milristor of Mines (Colona!

'· · Lane-Fo")} The lion. and Gallant Member for Lime-house (Major A.ttlee),

Til- 'names 'will be submitW to both llonaea in Reaolutiou • . (b) Ilia Majq'a Government oaDDot, of coune, diototo to the Oommio­

eion what prooedura it shall foUow, but the7 are of opinioa that its toot in taking evidenos 11'01llcl be -t17 facilitaW if it ...,.. to invito tho Central Indian Legillatare to appoint a Joint Belect Committee, choesn from its elected and ·nominabed 'liD-<>IIioial member&, which won1d draw np its 'Pion and proposals in writing' and lay them before the Commioaioa for -mination in noh mADDer sa the latter ""'7 deoide. This Commi- micht l'8ll18in in 1>\lin& for '8117 0011S111tation which the Ounmimon might desire at aubsequent otageo of the iDqmr,. · It sbonld be eJ..,.q 11Ddentood that tha purpoes of this auggeation ia uot to limit the diaoretion of the Oommisai011 in hearing other witn...,,

· (c) Ilia Majq'a GovernmO..t suggeat that a lrimilar procedure should be adoptsd With the provincial Jegislaturea.

(ci) !rhe van area to be covered may make it desirable that the task of taking evidence on the more purecy adminiatrative queationa involved should be underteken by some other authorit7 whioh would be in the closest touoh with the Oommiasion. Ilia Majeety's Government suggeat that the Commie-

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lion OD arrival in India should consider and decide by what machin8r)' thi10 work may most appropriately be .discharged. This will not, of courae, debar the Commission from the advantage of taking evidance itself• upon these subjeota to whataver extant it may think desirable. .

(e) When the CommisaiOD haa reported and ita Report haa been eu1mned by the Government of India and His Hajestra G<mon>mant it will be the duty of the latter to present proposal& to Parliament. But it is not the intantion of His Majesty's Government to ask Parliament to adopt these propoaala without· Brat givins a full opportunity for Indian opinion of diBerant schools to contribute ita view upoa them. And to this end it a intanded to invito Par&ment to refer thsse propoaall to consideration by • Joint Committee of both Honsee and to facilitata the presentation. to that. Committee both of the views of the Indian Central Legislature by delegations, who will be invitad to attend and confsr with the Joint CoiDinittee, and also of the Yiaws of any other bodies whom the Joint Parliamenta17 Com­mittee may desire to consolt.

The ants-dating of the COmmission involves an amandment of the Aot and a Bill to this end will be introduced at once. ·

Ma. JIIJ.oDoN.w> : I am aura the whole House will recognise the grave importance of the statement that haa just been made. Hay I ask the Prime Minister when he proposes to take thsse Resolutions ,.....,.,...ing Hio. Majesty's Government to make thsse appointmanta, and when we may espeot to have the Bill before no P The sooner the better.

TBB PBD<B Mnos""" : 'I agree. I cannot give the actual data, but it will he 011r endeavo~~r to heve it aa ooon aa poosible. We will keep in teach through the uaoal . clwmels. I nnderstand that the Bill amending the law hes to come first; it will he a Bill Dl8r8ly altering the deta. It may he for the convenience of the Bouse to B&Y that I think the main discussion will take place better on the Resolutions in which the names are concerned. That. will aive us a wider acope.

Ma. MAcDONOLD '· Does the Prime Ministsr propoaa to introduce the BiD hare or in another place P ·

TaB Pa11n1 Mnoana: I understand the Bill is being introdt.ced' in another place to.day. · ·

Ma. PBTHio&:-L&wtW.cs: ia it the intention to h any dete for ·the termination of the laboura of the CoiDJnisaiOD, or can the Prime Minister give 111 any indication when he aoticipatos the Commiaaion will finish ita laboursP

Tim PBIHB Mnosua: No, Sir. With regard to questions on details or that kind they can he answered much better when the diacusaion takes place in t.hia Bouse, and .Memhera heve not hed time yet to atnd;y the answer which ia rather a lone one. r

Sm FJwox Nm.oo": May I aak the Prime Ministar whether he is a war that th~ personnel of t.he Commission he has just announced was apparentl e known lD Calcutta. four days ago and was announced by the entire Preaa J Great Britain three days agoP

TBB l'1wm MlmiTim: Yes, Sir. I heve no information 88 to how that. laakqe has occorred. To the hast of ou• belief, it occurred in India.

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OoLONm. WBDGWOOD: May I ask whether the coat of tho Btatutoey Oollllllla. siou will fall oil the .British Budget or the lndi&D BudptP

Tllll PIIIKII Mlms""": I am afraid I cannot &D&Wer that qUOitiOD now. 'Obviously, all thMo quastions can I>'! replied to in tho course of the disoalaiOD.

ll[a. Wm-D: · Is it too late to include &II hdiau 011 the Jlo;yal Oommisaioa P

Tllll Pa:ws MlmsTD: That ia a hroad queatioa of priaoipla wbioh, if tho Hoa; Member feela atrODgly about, he will be able to raisa duriJiil the Debate whea it takee Dlaoa.

APPENDIX I (d)~ ,. . ~ SECRETARY o• STATE l'OB INDIA.. (T..i ;E.,... . OJ' B~) rose to move to resolve, That this House concurs in the submission . to Bia Majesty of the namea of the following persona, namely, Sir .Tohn Simon, Viscount Burnham, Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, Mr. Cadogan, Mr. Walsh, Colo...t Lane-Fox and llfajor Attlee, to BOt aa a CoDuni11ion for the pnrpceea of Seotion au of the Government of India Act. The noble gar! said: ~ Lorda, the very clifficult task which I attempt to-<la7 to <liBchm'ge is one of which it cannot be expeoted that it will IIUIOt with unenimona approval. The clifficultiea involved have been very great and I may, perhaps, illustrate them to you:r Lordship• if I eay that the correspond­ence whtch has taken place between myself and the two auccessive Vioeroya with whom I have been 01100iated upon thia aubjeot would certain17 lill several volumea. I claim and J claim ouly, that with the advantage of the advice in the earlier ;yeara of my noble friend Lord Reading and in later yeors of Lord lrwin, at any rate this whole matter has heau mDSt carefnll7 conaidered, that every alternative for tbe propoaal which I put forward haa beou 8lUUilined and a oiucere attempt has heau made to appraiae the advantagea and the diaadvantagea of each cou:rae which hae heau .....,...,....,dod and pl'eS81ld upou me.

The motion which 1 have to move is :-" Thot this Bouae concun in the submiaaion to Bia Majeaty of the

names or the following persona, namely, Sir John Simon, Via­count Bu:rnham, Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, Mr. Cadogan, Mr. Walsh, Colonel Lane-Fox and Major A.ttlee, to act as a Oommiaaion for the purpos& of Section au of the Government of India A.ot."

1 shall aay aomething in a Dl01118nt aa to tbe reaaoila which led the Govern­ment to the conclnaion that tbe Commi•ion n<IC8III&rily to be appointed either this year or - year or in the ear~¥ months of the year afterwarda, lhould be a p~ Parliamentary Commimon, but I may allow myaelf the grateful teak at the outset of my speech of saying aomethiog in justiJication of the namea which I recommend to the House.

Sir J ohu Simon ocoupi01 a position at the Bar of England which hae not been so complete~¥ llllad by any advocate at tho Bar in my recoUection. Be brings to the difliault ta.aka which await him a. mind ingenious, acute, well .. tcred and aaoiduona, and it would indeed be wrODg if we did uot in thia .1:1.ouse -~" that he la making an immenee sacrilice, aa men count aacrillce, in nndertakinc the dil&oult dutiea which await him. I do uot of cou:rea, mean that Sir . .Tohn Simon is merely making a financial aacriJice

1

but he is in a position in which, aa one of the maetars of hia profeaion ..; haa no particular clifficultiea or auxiatieo in ita diacharge, for he is 1 too cousummately equipped in that profession to apprehand them. But ho ia undert~g d~tiea of great novelty, of ~~ utmost complexity, in oil'oum .. otanceo m whioh It would only be posa•ble for a very sanguine man to predicate that a aolutlon would be attainable which would be accaptad not only here but in India. No man can establish a larger claim upon the conlideooe of his fellow couat.,.men than thot he uadertakoo a teak of t

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,cllillcultJ illvolriq lmmeuse personal sacri1ices, anc1. 7 am oertaill of thio, 'that the wUh of ;your Lordships will be to give him eve17 support ill the · <li:lllcult taak wllich ill the lligh spirit of public eerrice he bee UlldertakGil.

There is another m8Dlber of the Commiamon, a member of 70111' Lanl­allipa' Bouse, who bee for a long period of time renderecl publlo -.rioe. I me&ll m;r llOble fried Lord Burnham. His apeailll eotivltJ bee, •happil;r, been . ill the direot!Oil of mnlring liB better known ill the Cllltl;rills portiolll of the Empire. I have 1oeen made aware of man;r of Ilia bnla. I know of no Dominion' wllich ha bee vlllited where Ilia pleuint and teotful pereon­alitJ bee not dOll& much to -....,.to good feeling betw- 11!1 and thoee whom he bee visited; ' For llim, too; ·- IIIICrim:e is ·ccmaiderable, for· I ma:v tell ;rov Lardallipa that nM ouJ:v will it 'be ..........., for thoee who are to be 'the c_.,;monem ·to ·apelld IIOIIl8 four mOiltba ill India in tha nest cold .... ther, bu. it will ~ be the result .of their earlier elforte ill India

- wllich materiel will- be BCC11Dlulated that will zequire aiftillg and uamin­atiOil .... their return to tbi& -oounV;r, lllld the;r have then 1UIIIertaken the VW7 muah _.- labOIIl' · iJmllved in .their -a visit of 8p81ldins 10111.8

aix or - ·months in India, -veiling through the vari- Provinces lllld •acquailltins tbemaolvea ill great detail with the mattero which are relevant • tor their OOIIIideration ancl """""""'7 ·for thair decision. Lard Burnham, ~; bee Ullclertaken ·thio taak ill the spirit of publia dutJ, ancl I am sure that ;your Lordollipo will appreciate that a man llO !Oilger ver:v ;JOUilg hao ""dertakell ,a burden· of this kind ill the public illteNit.

Another member of ;your Lordships' Bouee, a :rom>i:er man, Lord Strath­cona, recommended to 11!1 not oul;y by a name wllich we honour but lllao b;y an. illclivldualitJ of character and aD uhibition of industry which have carried him' from an inferior .plane of our activitieo to a not Ullimportant poet ;D the Part;r Orllaniaation, baa abandoned thio ana ·IJI m:r judgment rightl;r abandoned it for the purpooa of a larger ancl a more important publlo -.rioo. I am glad that a member of ;your Lordships' B- with energy and 7011th and compatellOo for thio taak hao 1oeen preperecl to ad.,..

• take ito burdeila. I como now for a moment to the members of the Bouee of Commons. Of Colonel Lan&-Fo>: I think I need n:ot apUk in - of -partioular recommendation. He is, indeed, bcnrn to -III8Q' at 70111' Lord­allipo ill l1io own persoualit,y ancl to an 11;y name. Be hao dilcharpd mme ·than one high public pooition and to the dilcherge of every pooition he bee brought equal compatellOo, industry ancl ccmscientiODODea, :a&. Cadogan is known, I nppooo, to an of ;your Lardshipo who were lllamben of the Houoo of ()ommono, Tboeo of your Lardallipo who had not the good fortmre ever to bo momboro of another place I ma;r remind that ha wu tho taobful, oourteoua and able oocretary of the Speaker of the Bouae of Commolll fo'r a period of many :raano. u any man can retain populerit;r with an oectioua of the Bouae of Commoua who is the seorotary of Hr. Bpoakor for a period of many ;years 1 aa;r of that man that he hoo many qualltioo ll'hich entitle 'him to alt upon this Commission.

Now 1 will aa;r a word of the two reprooontativeo of tbo Oppoo!tlon, Mr. Walab aDd Kajar Attloe. Bore I muot make a slight cligroooio11, I thought it m:v dutJ to enter into acme diacussion with the Leadll' of the Oppooition, Hr. Ramaoy MacDonald, at an early otap in tho development

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of tbll matter, and I would desire in tho most publiq J!W11181' to plaoe it upon I'800<d that, oolllistently with his own position, his own reapollllibilitleo and .Ilia cnrn dutieor Mr. Ramaa:y MacDonald throughout tho whole of these <iiaa1111io1111 hae behaved aa one would have expected a. man to bebava who .haa at one time held the high odlice of Prime lllinilt81' in thia oountr:y and .who, for all we know, ma:y &till hold it again. , It would give an entirely 'W1'0Dg impression if I were to claim that Mr. lllacDonald accepted an:y .reapollllihllit:y for the particular propooala which I briD& before tho H.,.. .to.cla:y. Ra did not ._pt them, I did not ask him to accept them,. I did

. .not -' thot he. abouid accept them.. Theoe reapouihilitieo were tho ~bllitleo of Ilia lllajeatY'a Government alone. W•. accept them and ... aball accept tho OIIJIIIeq1UIIIO of them.

lt ia perfectl7 open to an:v aupporter of !llr; Ramaa;y lllacDonald, either 'in tbia .ll.ouaa or 'in anotber place, to aa;r: " We think that :yon would .hava · eserciaad a wiser discretion if :you hed adopted a diJrerent fonD of Commla­"Bion. 'fllat ia :your reapollllibilit:y, it is not ......... Let it therefore be made perfectl7 plain • when· I aa:y thot I accepted tha•...trioe of-.lllr. · Ramaa;y MacDonald in the case of the two gentlemen who• are to be the Labcnr .Members of thia Commission, Let it be made perfeotlJ plain that ·the pooition which Mr. Ramaa:y MacDonald and his frienda· are entitled to

· -aaaume Ia this:· " It ia :your scheme and not oura, but ·we -would. not take ud we do not take the reeponsibilit:y of eaying, "When• once ;you have adopted this scheme, that we .the leaders of the Labour Part:y in tbia country propooe to·. bo:yc"!t it." · ·.. ; . · ·' .

. . · Afte• !lODBiderable discuaaion between Mr, 1\l:acDonalii and m:yaelf two names ,.were put forward and were accepted. The first waa thot· of .lllr. ·Stephen • Walah. Mr. Waisb is an old Lancashire Member of Parllnment: • I hava :known .&.im waU for twenty-one ;rears. He entered Parliament at tho same ,.J!llection aa · IIQII81f, I know. waU bow great bia repntation ia with the _JDi.DiJig commllllitJ of Lanca .... ira, and I lmow, too, that aa Searetar.r· of State for War,. be ,_ped an unaggreaaive bnt &till a 11rm and real pereonalit;y, ilpon thoee with -whom be IOIIIIC>Ciated. at tho War Ofllce •. I greatly "Welcome .Ilia incluaion ":POD tbll Commiaaion. I - not able to en:y more of Major Attlee .than tbia: be oomeo to me with a Y817 strong recommendation not onl:y from tho Leider of tho Labour Party for e&ioieno:y, oapacit;y and ,indutr:y, .but those of m;y own Party in the BOOM of Commo1111 to whom I .bave epoken ·have been aa forward." 'in hie praiaa aa thooe who recommended .bim .~ me for . incluaion as a membar of this Commimon. I am J1111elf 1UI.. llappiJ7 almcat ten ;srears remote now from the Rouse of Oommo1111 and ·~uerefore 1 had ,not and have not the pleasure of Major Attlee'a acquaUi­.. t~, . Sue~ -are .the men who have ·undertaken these burdens. I have no b.eeltatlo':" ID recommending them warmly to your Lordships• acceptance .and I think we are fortunate indeed iu havi.:Dg discovered. seven ·gentlemen' man:y of _them members of the House of Commons and, in addition to th~ r11ka wh1ch 1 have already indicated, espoaed to electioneering di!lli ulti ."Which maJ" arise who know_s when, who, nevertheless, have been pr:par: .to add these to. the other r11ka and inconvenienooa which th- ba d taka. ......, ve .. un er.

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A. Sr&V81' . question now requires discussion, and it is bare I apprebenll that a cli1ferenoe of opinion which is founded upon principle may develop -- m;reelf and the opposition. Let me stat& it abortl;r. The question is : Should this (lomm!..;on be a Parliamentar,y Commi.oaion consilting of members of tha Bo1188 of CommoDB and the B01188 of Lords oul;y, or abould it be a Commi•,;.on ·in which Indian members would have found a plaoeP I have given for ;roan,· ever ainoe I undertook the reapoDBibilitiea of this olllce, m:r deep and oonatant attention tc this topic. I have satialled m;reelf, and I am not 'Without· tho hope that I may satisfy ;your Lordships and tba publio, ·that· tba decision which I recommend is not oui:r right but· it il tba onl;y deciaion which il reconoilable· with the TBr7 purpoaea which all of v have ba 'View; ·The prohlem of lDdia is one tho main festurte of whiclr historically· are 'Nr7 familim'. and which I do not propaee to ezamine· fD. .,._t detail to-da;y.: Nevertheleoo I shall preeume to say one or two ·thinp quit& plainJT. When we went to· India, in that OODllllerelal guise whieh has frequODtl;r .in hiltcr;y. beaD OUl' Olrlieat approach to future Dominions, ·~ found it a country diacordont; disaeDtiont within itself, of warring -,. with no proopect of a stable and mWied DomiDion. I ..,ine not at all; for it Would be ·NIIIo'te from and irrelevant to ·m;y purpoee; the early lliatoJ7. l ooJiect from· that hiBtory oul;y the ooncluaion which is logicall:r required. for m:r present .argument and I stat& it plaiul:r and boldl;r. It is that tha intarvention of Chia·eollDtry In India, and that inte"ODtion alone, oaved it. at tho relevant period from a walter or anarch;y. . · .

' Now, m;y tords, X approach the present. It has been my duty to talk in tho last throe 78&1'1 to many distinguished IndiaDB of ever;y faith, every persuaalon, ovary bent of political thought. I have asked all of thoee who were inclined to be critical of our attitude in relation to the future CODBti· tutional development of India this question : " Do ;you deaire that the British Army ehould be withdrawn from India P Do you desire that the Civil Service ebonld be withdrawn from IndiaP Do you deeire that tba p...­tioa of tba British Navy ebould lie withdrawn from the Indian oh-P "I have never found one Indian, lunnmlr hoatile to this Government, &....,..., oritioal of our propoeale in relation to Indian development, who deeire.t that the A.rm;r ohould be withdrawn, or that tho Indian Ciril Serrice ohould be withdrawn, or that tha pro'toction of the Navy ohould be withdrawn. wq' do I etate this ~tion in a form eo plalnP It is to foond n­it, ae ita logical oonaluaion, another. We undertook by Act of Parliameat-• that A.ot which oubstituted for the authority of the Company the authority of tha .Brltieh Qoovnment-Par!iamentar,y reapolllibility. Doee any on• rea!J;y suppoee that the Parli=ent of thie country, which b;y A.ot of ParJia. mont BOBumed to itself the respouaibilitiea and the functiODB of the Com· pany, which, ae the historical facts that I have ahortl;y stated ehow, ia still confr011ted b;y preoiaeJ:r the aama problems In India aa confronted our prod .. c0110r at the momut when In the lirat place tho activ:ltiee of our commer­cial and trading bodies, supported by the fo,.,. of arms, compoeed th• warring oecte of India, when it is atill conceded that our withdrawal to. morrow would reproduce preciseJ:r tho conditions which uisted when ..,. went there-how can anyone In thoee circumstanceo pretancl that, whataver oth81' point ma;y be disputable, the respoDBibility of Parliament not oui:r

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doeanot stili aurrive but ia not an exclusive respcmsibilit7 from which Parlia­ment cannot divorce itaelf without being false to the long and glorio111 histor;r of the 881ooiation of England .and India P

1f tbie be the reeponsibility of Parliament,, considerations of no 11111&11 importanoe arise. 1 had to. decide, before making a recommendation to my oolleaguea, which they accepted, as to the, oharaotar of thia Commission,

-whsthar or not it ought to be a l'arliamentary COIDDliuion, ~hie, aa I undo,.. stand, ia the point in relation to which donbta are principaib' entertained by those who critioise otn: propoaals. Let me therefore examine it, with the indnlgenoe of the Bouse, with aome care. H I am right in Q)'ina; that it waa l'arliament which waa reepcmsible for that Jiret and momentolll charge which daprived the Com- of ita political aotivitieo, if" from tlult. -· l'arliamant haa been charged. with reepouibilitJ, how, 01111 we divorce .our. aalvee from the reepcmsibilifiJ< at this moment.P . Obaarft that it ia on]J eight. yeare einoe this aame Parliament, by what ie knoWn aa the. lllontagu.. CheiJnaford .Reform, by a great Pnblio Act oreated the . !JoutitutiOil which ia DOW to be the ~bjeot of revision. and re-examination.. . .

-It ia iomatimea aaid by onr critica in India tlult. it ia for a I'Oillld-table oonf<>renoe or a Congreoo in Jndia to decide upon tho form of Coutitution auiteble for thomaelveo, and then for the British · Parliament• formally t.o p111 it, Thia auggeotion hao not been lightly made. It baa bean 10riouo1T made by men who are entitled that their obsorvetiona 'ahall be aerioiiiiT accepted. I can onlf make this comment. I have. moe in the· three 7eara during which I have been Secretary of State invited our critica in India to put forward their own suggestions for a Constitution~ ~indicate to ua the form which in their judgment any reform of tho Constitution ahould take, That olfar ia still open. It ia most axpressly repeated, 88 I ahall ahow in a moment, in the proposals which we mo.ke for the BSSOCiation of Indiana with the activities Of the Commiasion. But let it be plainly eaid.;_it. cannot be too plainly eaid-thet Parliament caunot, and will not, repudiate ita own dutieo, ita own reeponsibilitf, in this mattar. H anybodJ' aerioii8Jy auppoees eithar here or in India, that we are mechauicoll.r to IIAlCOpt a Coutitution without· our own primary and ultimate responsibility for judging upon. it, they have no contact with the realities of the actual situation, ' ·

We therefore formed the clelu:. view that this Commieoiou mud be a Parlla-, mentary Commialion. It waa auggested, and is being oa&gested stili that. we ought to have 8810ciated Indiana with the Commiasionare in ordar ~ot tci iDllict a auppcaed nlfront upon Indian IIUICOptibilities. ~hat oonoidaration desarvee the most careful attention, and, indeed, I may make it quite plain that I have given it for a period of three years my almost unbroken atten• tion. I have coJJSidered it from every angle; there is no argument which can be put forward in ita aup!'ort which I have not already, to the beet meaauro of my capacltf, ex81Dlned. The question whethar I am right or wr_ong ca~~ be answared without deciding what ia tha true function of tbia Commiao1on. . ~he function of the Coimnission is a aimple. one. It is to report to l'arhament. When once the Commiaoionera have raported they are tuneti olflcio, The task then belongs to othars. What ia it that Parlia. lllBDt ~ entitled to require from these reporteraP What oould these repon. aro contribute that would be most helpful to Parliament p I find ID.fllelf in

401.

no doubt. as to. tho &III'Wer to both these queationa, Parliament oould most he helped. by the·, opini0111 of me6 · of .ad.mit-.d .integrity and independtn"'!, without· a~cy oommitn:lenta. ot-,au;y kind. .at oll·.in the past events of hioto.ry, wlu• ·went thllr&· with one. •objant and •one object cmJ.y--.wnely, to acquaint. thamsel- with tho .aotualitiell of ·the problem: and to equip themsel- to 1M> tho· wiBo . ..m..ra. oli Parliament. · . ' ' ....

·We• are.m,"tbi& . .....,v,y.410C111Btomed to· pride ounelveo· upan tho 11117 8)'ltem. • 1t.hlll<'fNCID8D~ IM>en·aaid thot tho eolleotino in~ of twalve lllr1 ,_, ill inocunparo.ilq greater. than tho indiridaal int..lli-oe of au;y one among their number. I hope it will not be OCIIIIidered tbat I ala matius. •111· obBe..,.tion .which il' Blighting to the diotingaiahed men who are membera of ·tbis,Oommission if l say .that I ooncei1'e of them aa an e:<ooptionaU:v.

• intalligent il~Q', going. to India without 8111 preconcei?ed ideaa at aU, and. · with no taslo except to come. to thia oounf.r7 and 11in the honast reault of

. tbe, .uan>iD;ation whioh the;v, ;maim of Indian politios, · · •· i11JII1'oV<In}Jr two. tbinp• ·to· add; em tba ...,. wlM>ther "" were righ• or:

wrong •in -diDg 11poDi .,.·pareJ,:v l.'arliament&r7 Oommigjon I ilaft ,. doubt wba..._, ape•Jridr; u • ·--....al..Jaw:vori that tba framerl of the>· Cll'iginal-· aud· detennming A<Jt,.•wban the:v• epeb· of ·• Oommiooion ....,.., tamplatoct Ill l'ar.liameoVq Omptrti..;nn, · It ia true that m - the;v cJid. nnt•aolltate it, 1mt I draw the inl'erence that the;v did not eo lltate it b....,..· tbay thonghti it eo obri0118i: 1 observ<J.my noble friend Lord Chehnaforcl in• his.· place in tibis·llonae.'"l am. not. entitled, ··IIDIOU he thinks proper to· oontribute it, to aalo him• his· opinion; bnt I should be ·greatly astonished if· he """"' •nOt prepared to otate that· at the time when tibis Commission wu ~mplated in the perning Act any other idea was in his head, or in tha head of .Mr • .Montagu, e:<eept that tba Oommil8ien should he entirely a l'arliamentary ~ion., · ·' . . . · 1. ·What would ha1'& .IM>en tha alternati ... P It ia aaid Jigh~ b:v th- who

ba1'8 not> ODIIIIidered.ftl)' 4eapl;t the faofAI; that a few Indian rop""""""tivel Gllght to .. ..., been. made memben< of the Oommi•ion. I wu readiDc •· speech ,reported. in: the Piano.,. Mail a few da:va• ·ago by a vacy diBtingniahed member ·<>f the Legislature,. who himoelf is a Binda of higb poeition and· ability. · lt is from a speech of .Mr. Ganvami, made at the All India Congreu -e meeting not altopther favourable to Bia Majert>y'a Government or to tho preaent Seoretar;v of Stat.e.. Be said that he did not lmow if there were an:v .Mahomedlm orpnieetion. in thu 0011DI.r7 wbiclr re~ tha opinlmr of tha .Mahomedana, hut eo far- oa hia own oommunit;v wu - be wu oertoin there · waa no nch orpnillation. which could speak in tba JI8DI8 of tba Hindu communit7.. We lmcnr it, therefore, from a oer:v prominent mem. bar of the Bindu communit;v, tllat in his judgment them ia no one in all ludia who can opeek cdllciaU:v in tba name 'of the Hindu community,

' AI to the opinions of tha Moolema, while "" hano heard some repero1111iona of them in the nowapapera In the laat few da:va, it hu been my dut;v oer;v carefully, in oonoultetion with the Viooro:v, to Btllld;v the e:<preBIIiOIII of opinion which bave appeared in the Indian Prea and to appraise their 1'alue, 1 am not in the Jeut depruaed or diooouraged b:v them. I !mew that there would he ma~cy wbo, whate'ver propoaal tha Go.ernment llroul!ht forward, would he d-tildied with it;. But. I lind m8JI1 elomanta in that great awl

402

a.eterogenoua population who will not he dissatiaied ·and who In. no ennt -.rill make themae!Y81 party to a boycott. Do not lot uo ever forget that the ;population of Indi..-I auppoeo a general fignre• will he ll1llflloient for 1113' ;purp--ia somewhere in the neighbourhood of 300,000,000 people, Of thoee ·000,000,000 some 70,000,000 belong to the Native Statse, and are not primarily concerned with our present Inquir;y. I ahonld nppose that of ~ 280,000,000 who remain about i20,000,000 have naver · heard of the Comm•e.. Bion at all, and I do not believe it to be a bold· prediction to aa;y that abont 200,000,000 are unaware that the;y are living muler the . henefita .of tha JI(OIItagu.Ohelmaf lleformo. ' .

One mnst retain eome OODtact with 1'811lit;y when dealing with tha Indian population. Remember h- infinitesimal iB tha number of those ·who· 't'Ote when an eleotion oom• and, of that fractional pw:CIIIItsgoj· who vote, ._ · ' large a proportion OOD8Iata of the illitarete claes, · who llllll'll: their papere beoeUII the;y are anable to write.· We in tbiB Rouae, eel those in another· place, have the ~:~~~~ponaibilit;y not for a I~ artioulata India -hnt for the -.1 lndia aa a whole-that India' which; consiata;- ae I have, eaid, of 300,000,000 people. I oni7 deal with if; becanse I think it oalla to ha dealt with, I aaw it atated in another placo; b;y a. mmnber of the Honse of Oommona; that a book whioh ha.a oreated wide publio al;tention, callocl" Mother India" -It' ia writtsn by Miss ll[ayo, I think-that that waa illspired eith• b;y .the Government of India or by tho Government of t1!io country. I ahould not• deal with this mattsr· if I were not so strock b;y tho. oomplets ·lrreaponsibilit;y· . which would enable a member of another. place to ~ a etstement eo. · absolutsly false, without putting forward a vestige of evidence. I meet -prossly invito that la.d;y either to withdrew that charge or to produce· the evidence upon which aha founded herself. .-

I was dealing with the complelrit;y of tho ints..ts Involved, and Inviting tho Bouse to conaider how it would have been n..,...ar;y for IDe to proceed if I had taken a different decision, or if· I had been npported b;y 1117 oolleegu• in taking a dilferent decision, a.nd if we decided that there ahould be Indiau on tho Commission. In tho firot placo it would havo b- evident­ly neceoaar;y to hov& a Hindu 1118111her-, although I ahonld havo ham In the dillioult;y, which llfr. Gonrami'a statement made plain; that th&re iB nci Bindn• orgainsation. I np- ilr would have been ...,.......,. in the firot p~ to provide myself with a repr.ontative Hindu as a member of the OomJDia. aion, In tbe n- plaoa the mom&nt I had lloDilOIIDOOd the name of a Hindu it would indiaputabl;y have hecoma · ...,.......,. to provide a non-Brahmin Hindu, beoaUII the idea that a Hindu would he -ted aa a representative· member by the non-Brahmin Hindu is to thoaa who know tho facts ludiorouo. In the nan pla.ce I mnst have a lllabomeclan and I mnst havo a Bikh. That is four. Indian members to begin with.

Let ""' inform the Bouse, for· th ... matters are not vor;y widal;y kn-. that varioua remaining olaasoo have in fact ootabliahed their right to aeparah representation in ~rO'riJ?-Dial Legi~latures, ao that their claim 1a quite certain to be put forward m .th11 connectiOn. They will say: "Do not tall me that I am to be represented, by a Hindu,. or a non-Brahmin Hindu, or by a ~ohamedan! or by a B!k,h. lll;y ~ '". a different one n ; and the;y havo, tn fact, achieved recogrut1on of the1r ohum in one or other of the Proriuoial

403

.Aasemblies. I take, llrst of all, the ChriBtiBliS. I auppole th01 are entitlecl to boat lelllt CODSidorecl in India. They are a veey numaroua and a growillg GOIIU!iunity, and th07 would certaiul;v desire that thair .views should bo put ionrard~ ·

.Lost mo take another case, tho case of tho depressed olaues. Thoro ia in lndia a vRSt population, ·even in relation to the numben with whiah we are ·dealing, a population of 60,000,000 people in India, of tho doprouecl olaaaoo. Thair condition ia not quito as torriblo, not quito as poignant as it has bean .in tha put, but it ia otill terrible and poignant. Th07 are tepollecl from .U -1 intorcourse. H tho:v como ~ tha gracious light ·of the 111n

and one who despises them; tha ·aun ia dialigund for that man, for th01 """"'"' drink at tha public water suppl;v,. tho:v must make diveroiODS of miloa in order to aatiaf.y their thirat, and tho:v are tragicaliJ bown, and tho;v have bean !mown for 8¥H&tiona; aa '·' tho lllltonobabla ". Tbaro are 60,000,000 of them in India,. Am I to haV1f ·a ··roproaentative of them upon this (lonmri .. llionP Never; never would I form a Oommiaion, nor would an;vona in a democratic countey, nor would Ill¥ friendo oppollito roDODllll8lld it, from which :you aaoluclecl a -w of this olaaa which, more than any other, ftq1liroo ftproaentation, if you are indeed to put the matter to a mizecl juq of the 'kind which I am indicating;

i have liot dealt with other&-the aborigineo and the inhabitants of back­ward tracta, or the apeoial representatives of tho cotton trade, all of whOIIl have been strong enough to u.ssert their claim to indindual representation upon Provinolal A.saemblieo. My propooition ia of a more general kind. It would be ·impouible to form a Commission, other than a Parllamontaey '()ommiaaion, which would not excite roaaonablo complaints of excluaiOil Oil the part of tho por&ODS who ·have V01'7 strong olaime to bo includecl. And what would tho help be to ParllamentP It ia, I ouppooo, oonoodecl that if I had reproaontati'VOI of the olasseo whom I have indioatecl I oould not poosibl;v aaolucle the Indian Qiril· Berrioe. · After all, the Indian Oiril Bar­rice baa doep~tecl intoroota in India. It baa 1811clerod prodigioaa eor1'ioa ....,.. the ages. Mr. Lloyd George once said that they are tho oat frame. work IU'OIIIld which the whole ·building has bean oouatruotod. It ia not, I imagine, ·onggestecl that, if ;you were to admit other than Parliamentaey ropreaent.ativoa, ·you oould ezclucle members of the Indian Oiri1 Berrioe. Bad we proooecled "POll thoao lineo we ahould have found 0111'118lveo with a CommissiOil of aome eighteen .,.. twenty -leo That ouch a bod7 would be oonvenient for the task aaaigned to them no instructed ~. I bolleve, will aerioual;v oontond. ·

J:lut Jet us attempt to imagine the reoultiog oituation had a body ro un. wieldy been in fact appointed. Does any one auppooe that there would have been a unanimous RoportP i'hare may. not be a unanimous :Report now. But at any rate we shall have a report which proooedo upon the ll&llle general point of view and principle. But what would bo the Report from a body ouch os I have indioateclP What guidaooe would it live .to Parliament in tho immensel;v di11ioult took that will a'ivait tho Parliament of one year, or two or throe ;vaara from nowP It is obvio11&--becauae tho teuaiOil and tho aoutonesa to-day of theoe Ulihappy oommunal quarrels are· greater in ~ judpont tbali th01 have bean for oome twelve or thirtoon :vaaro in

Indian h.iato,_..tbat you would have a very strong p~san ;Hindu Report, :you would have a very strong Hoalem Re?ort, an~ you would have thr~ or four other disasnting Reports from vanoua aecillons deop)f _interested m tho decisions whiob are. taken, ..

Jmogine the Joint Committee wbiob we contemplate setting up, . Imagine !'arliament beiDg assisted by the dieclooure of disaenting vie,.. ,of th~ kindP. I do oak for an IDdulgent judgment as to whether, confronted Wltb thJ8 alter­native, I have not taken the right view when I have said that seven mem­bers of tho Houoa of Lords ·and tho Ho11S6 of Commons, well l!o\own and respected iD eaah House, shall go out,. usin1. every means of. associating Jndian opi!Uon with them, and abaU ohortly paos and pzesent to Parliament a .Bepon whieh Parliament will be in a poaitien to undentand,. a.nd. b;r whieh it nay uoofull7 be guided •. But it ma;y,. IDdood, be very ......... , ably· oaid: •• Are IDdians to· be cltmied an;y: opportuni~ of. contributing to those decisions P· Had l made any .• auob proposal I allou!d !lava known that it wao foredoomed to fa.ilura, not only in India, not only iu the Rouoo of Commons, bnt indeed in thia. Rouse. There is aa great a determinatiOll to ·oecuro fair pJa.y for .......... bl,e Indian aaplrations in this Rouoa as there iainanotherplaeo.. ·•.

Lot me make plain what our propooals are m tbia -t. for indeocl I think that tboy have. been .greatly mianndontood. It .is our purpos& that tho Oommiaoion when It Tisita Indio lhould oatablisb oonteot with a Committee appointed· for that purpoae b;y .tho Central, Legislature. l pause there to point out that oonstitutionally tho Centra.! Legislature ie th<t body who mast authoritatively can appoint membora from its own nmnbora to confer with the members of the Oommiesion. I 888mDO that appointment will be made, becauoo J. cannofl believe that those who are anxious to pereuade tho Government of this oountry that they are It for a further measure of oelf-govemment will undertake tho deep and moot unwieo responsibility of refusing to aeaociate themeelvoo with ue in tho first and genuine ollorta which we make to uceriain. the road which we must tread in oommon together if we are iDdeod te roaob thot ~ I therefore do not, and I will not, &IIJ1ID10

thot they will be guilty of the unwiedom of refusing to appoint .auob a Committee.

N- what wonld be tho :fanction of thot Committee P It baa boon most lrrationaU;y ao11111nod that they wore merely to appear ae witneasea before the Commission. That is not the case. They are invited in a spirit of great aincerity to co-operate as colleagues with the Commission. It is contemplated thot they abaU prepare-in advance of the arrival of the Commiuion if tbey­lnd themsolvea able to do it this ..- eold woathar, and, if the;y lnd them--118lvoe .,.;.thin thot limited period unable to do it, a ;year later their ....,.. proposals and come before the Commission aod ea;y: " These are our auggea­tions." We have claimed, and they have olaimed that the West cannot devise a. Constitution for the Eaat, that you cannot put Eastern 'Irina into Western bottleo. Well, if there be behind that claim, and I do not doubt it, sineerit,r and real filoliDg, .,..; aiiOrd them an oportunity of confronting our Oommiealon with their own propooala, whieh oan be -made public which can be analyaed, criticioed, can be acoepted or oan be rejootod .,.;, that omal1aia and aftclr that critioiom. No greeter opportunity .,..; ever given

thali ia alforde<i to tho Central Committee in the lim plaoo by tho auggution <that they aho11ld cllllfront the Oommiaaion with their Q'l'nl conatrnotiYII propo­aall,o

Now let us try to eee how the Commission will develop. It ia very cW!i01llt to apply one's mind with accurate pJ:eeiaion to 10 lllloD7 UDimown ADd in· tho maiD unforeseeable contingencieo. But. I will tell your Lordship~ how I think of the Oommiaaion as d8YIIIoping ill ito aotiritioo. Tha,y will rataill oontact with the Committee of tho Central Leaialatura ao lo~~g ao their <leliberatione -.1 to mattera with which the Ceatral LecWa- ia prinoi­pally OOJlOIIl'IIOd, ADd they will·-porarily looo that OOD- wileD they .... making jo111'1U111 into the l'roriJloo& But even haN they will DOt be dopriYIId of the coustaut ~·of indian opinion·· For it.ia ~I- DO """'S''ition of thia fao6 in• UJT of the Iiuliaa papan--that in every Prorinoe in 1rhiuh "they journey there ahall ba ereated there a Oammi.,.. of the Pro­'rinoial · .Legialatura wbich ahail' diocharp the eeme· OOIIIUitatin funotiono with tho (lommiooi""""' u am dillchar&ed ·at tho OOilVe of·BcmlnuDeut by the· Oommittae of· the Central LecWatw&. All DO paillt, theNfora, 1rill the rapl'81181lteti- of the Indian J.ecWatureo be dopriYIId of the . opportwdtT

· of influenoill1 the rien of the Commissioners. Let DO one make the miatake of auppoeing that wo are a.-ptiDg hera to iDterpOM illto the ~01118 &liT ollicial membOI'I; . Member& of the Central Oammittee and the membOI'I of tho Prcmncial Oommitteaa will all ba elected and nOJ&o<dcial membOI'I. I

· claim· that no one 01J'111d bve done mora than wo haYII done te protaet """' aelvea by making it cartaill that the Report of the Qommi•ion to Parliament oho111d ·ba· at leaot illumined by a knowledge of wbt contemporary Inclian politioiana are deeply thinking.

. .Jiut, obserYII our nut ~· Not & word has been aid in recognition of thia. l!et let it be poillted out that an enormous opportunitT of illtarvening at the mosf> oritioal moment of all ia oontainod in our proposall.. n ia wall known .that wo intend thet after the Oommiarion has p,_,ted ito Report the propoaall of the BcmlnuD&nt th..-m will ba &mt, ill aooordanoa with praoedant, to • Joillt Oonferanoe .of both HoUI&O of P&rliament. Yow Lord· abips,. or th.e who wore interested in Indian aJrain at that time, will -h&vo foJ'gotten how ooneidorable was the oontrihution, hcnr IUU'IIIIlittilll the indUBtry of the Joillt Committee whioh raportod upon the lt:onM~U..chelma­ford propoealo. It ia our intention to • up & aiJnilar body. Buppoeins it ba the faoli that in spite of tho ClOUitant con- in hclia ba- tho Cen­tral Committee at .the heart of. govemment &nd the Prorincial Oammitteaa uf the .Legialatuee in each Province to which the Oommisrriou. will joUJ'DeY, that in spite of all thoee opportnnities .of ascertailling opinion the Indians han failed to make good their riew upon the independent and unbi&Md judgment of the Commission, they are not even then ocmpsllad to acquieace.

They will on the whole have been given an opportunity which in my judgment has never been given ill the whole history of Ooustitntion-maldng to &117 people who are in their position .. We inrite tho Central Government to,. appoiDt a Committoe to come and sit with oar Joint. Committee. Tha,. can ezamine the .Report of the Commission. They are &Yen given a fuuo­tion, if tha,. co111d only understand it, more important than that of tho Oollmlilsion iteslf. When once tho OouuniJaion bas made ito Report, it has

40ti ' .

tiniahed. But its critics remain· and its critics are moot formally and specially invitsd to come and Bit with the General Committee in· Parliament and to,. develop any criticilms or objections that they feel to the Report which. the Commission has made. , .

I cannot BBy more than that, being deeply committed, as we are .deeply committed to the view which I have attempted to jUBtif)' in argument, that.. this ~ion mnst be Parliamentary in character, we have neglected no. resources which either our own ingenuity could auggost or our adviBBre could. put forward to carry with na aa far aa we could Iudiaa· opinion at every atage. Jf, .. without the deetruction of onr oantraL-echeme; from which -. have no intentioD of departing; noble Lords can _aoggest to me .aU)' method . in which I can mab it even plainer that onr pnrpoee Ia not to alfront Iudiaa. opinion but rather to conoiliato and lhake it friandl)' to 118, it aball h moet deepl;y OODaid.-ed. But I.wou!d add one word of. caution ~ •• ·We m.uat. - no atop which will 1ud to the risk that we aball have< twu Reporta. prooeedinc from- twu · Commiosjono, The reoponaibilit)', ao· 1 have made it plain, . ia and muot h the reepolllll"'bility of Parliament. .·We have OODOOive<l of ever;r maano open to onr imagination to aooociato with tha conolnai0118o which the Commiaoioa haa preeented to Parliament -lndinn opinions and even Indian prejudice. So long as it does not dastro7 our· scheme_ we shall listsn with a:rmpath;y to any ouggestion that Ia made;. but we• are BBtidod that we have diachargod in the best interests, not ~ of this conntr;r· but of India. itself; the duty •hich we inherited from othua of compoaina the Statutory Commiaaion, I beg to move.

Hovod to reeolve, That this House concuro in the aubmiosion to His Hejuty of tha namu of the following persona, namel;v; Sir John Simon, Vlaconn• Burnham, Lord Strathcona and lllonnt Royal,. Jllr, Cadogan, Mr. Walah, Colonel Lane-Fox aad Major Attlee, to act as a Commiuion for tha pnrpoeea of Section ~ of the Gcwel:nment of Indin Aot.-(2'Ao Bati ol lli~lcmAoad.)

TmlllloBAavul u READING: My Lords, the subject of the earlier appoint.. mont of a Statutory Commiosion bas been diacuaaed ma1l)' timeo and b;v vari0111• Becretarieo of State. I think I am right in "";ving that during m;v pariod of ollioe I cliao11180d it with four Becretariu of Stato, and with s-etarieo of Stato In cWferent Governments, and it is now a aatiafactioa to me to. find that a conclusion hae been ·reached to appoint the Commiosioa at &D;

earlier data than waa proridod b;v the Statuto of 1919. I cannot but wish that the ap- of the ~ of Stato, .to which we all Jiotsnod with ao milch pleaanre and interut, had been delivered earliOI', It might hav .. prevonted much of that •hich has happened Bince. It is 111eleu now to go back upon that period, but nevertheless it does BeeUl to me that it waa moat llDfortunate, and in some respects incomprehensible, that whilst we had a statement made aa 8U'l7 aa November 8,. which was in couequenae of the premature and incompleta disclosure from India of the · namu of thoee appointed to the Commiu;on, :we should not bave had the opportunity of "' debata In this Houoa which would have helped ver;v much, I think to· clear · the atmoa~ere.. In the apeech "! my noble friend the Secretary 'of Btota, and also m that· of m:v noble friend Lord Olivier there is material •hich 1 trust will cauoa Indiano to ponder acrioual;v bof.;,.. the;v proceed with th&

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movement which In iomo quartoi'B has been definitely adopted and annonnoocl. Tho dillloultioo of tho earlier debate no doubt arose from the faot, aa I

underetand it, that, aa tho Statute hod not ;vet been paased which permitted the 'earlier appointment of the Commission, it would be impouible oonatitu­tiona.ll;v ,(so ! sathered) to discuss the appointment of those who were to form tho Commission. It seems to me that wa:vs might hve been found to enable us to proaeed with the debata, and to listen at lout a fortnight earlier to the observation& which the Seoretar;v of State made to-day. B11t thot ;,, aU put, &lUI. whot ,... hoT& now to do ia to attempt to riel liaclia of tho notion thot tho Gofel'lllllellt baa intended to plaoe any stamp of inferiority. upon, or .to hllllliliata in an:v· wa;v, the lwlian politician or the liaclian Nation&Un, or that there baa been the elighteot desire to ea;v that tho liaclian ia net oapahle of ata..ding on an equality with tho British in matters of this cbaraoter. Thot ~ was not tho idea,, I am eure;

For· m;v own pert I gi., tho moat unqualiJied eupport to tho propoeal which baa been put fonrard 1>:v tho Government. Thia ia in no 881188 & Party question., India, 'fortuna'tel;v, ia ·outaido Party ·contrO'feiS)'.· The maiD ground& of polic;v are .,..n aiftacl. Th8J' have been adopted ·b:v Puliament. l:leveral GOT8l"IID18Dts have now been In e:Eistence since the Act of 1919 was passed. Thera haa baen no deviation from the polio;v which waa deolared In' 1917, and o&rried out b;v the Statute of 1919, a11d I am oozdldent that there

, will be none, because the statement that has been made, and espeoiall;v the declaration by Bia Jiajest;v, made on the advice of his Ministers to the lndian people, ia In itself a ch&rter which cannot be abrogated, a11d from which there 0&11 be no deviation. But the real points that, ,divide the 111atlonalists In lnclia a11d thoee who are not prep&red to go forw&rd aa faat as thoee Nationalists would desire is a question, of time and method and of the various atapa that might be taken on the road to that aelf.government which ia promised to India, within tho worda of tho Statute. I have m;vaelf often wondered &lUI. oonaidered what form tho Oommiaaion should taka. I am ambolclenecl, eapeoiaU;v b;v the qbeervetione made 1>;v Lord Olivier when he referred to certain prepoeals t!lat had been made to, &lUI. cliaousaecl with, . Die when I waa Vioero;v, to :remind him , that wb8l1 his Government waa In ollioe prepoeals of thia charactar, relating to tho e&rlier appointment of tho (!ommjasion, ware diacusaocl between hia Government and m;vaelf. · Lou OLIVIER: I l&icl thot tboea would ,appe&r ln. tho noble Earl'•

Jllemoira. T1111 EdL u READING: Well, I &m not going to wait 1111til th8J' appe&r.

This has been a question which haa been agitating the mind of every Seorat&r;v · of Steta, and uiao of the Vicero;v of the tim-' m:vself and of m;v auooeasor. There has been no period at which we have not baen discuu­lng it. I lind acme aatlsfaction In the. thought that I alwa;va waa in favour of appointing the Oommiuion In the oold weather of 1927, and I &m ver;r glad Indeed thot m;v auooeesor, Lord Irwin, has oome to tho aama ooncluaion, and that the Government has itself arrived at that deoision.

Th real dilllcult,y that we have to deal with oonoarns ?• oomp~ition of th: Oommiuion. It. is aaid that. it is an ~t to liadia to appomt a l'arliament&r;v Qommi•>on, and to ""elude Indiana. I oannot but think. that there is misapprebenaion in tho minda of tboae who llOIII& to that oonclus•on-

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very aerioua mia&pprehonoion. It is not to be wondered at. I think we _m1111i be a little pareful not to blame Indians for any viewa which tbey lll&J' have ezpl'OIIed when it is remembered that they knew of the Collllllilaion and ita compoeiti~n before the,y were aware of any of tha ftrl admirable aafOIQOI'da which have been introduced by the Government. If a Commiuion had bean contemplatad, oo.mpoeed of men who had had uparience of Indi•, who had lived part of their lifo in India, had perhaps hold afl1ce aa Governors of Provincea and of variona persona who from one reason or .another had aonaiclerabl$ .lmowleclae of Indian aJi'aira,. .I ahould luive aaid withont heai­totioa that we oould not ha.,.. appointed onch-a Conuni-ion withoutl appoint.­illg a nWDber of Iadiana; and I donht Ter7 mnch wheth&r thor& would have bean any cliviaion of opirliaiJ. em that aubjeot. But that Ia not· the Com­Diisaion that is appointed; it Ia toUIIJ' dilferoDt one. Indeed, the aoleoti.., that baa bean made ia of gentleman, .Homboro, whP m&J' perbapo ba .. Jtonaea, who have had 110 apecial exporieDce of Jnclia,·who m&J' perhapo have paid a visit to India, bu• moroly aa aightooel8 and toviall, aDd who have had 1'8&IIJ! nothin& to do with tho administration of alfain ia India. ADd that is the oenval point upon which all arg1UilODt m1111i not. 1'01' it Ia qnito im~blo to lind any gentleman, who baa paaaed his life• in India, who baa porhapa been .born aud lived with his famil,y there, who oould approach thio quoation with tho .....,_ standpoint aa thoee who hove been appointed and will B&i.l to Iadia to inform t.hemielves in order to inform tho- British Parli .. ment~ ....

I have wcmdeHd. aometimess. when refieoting upo:n •· Commiaaion ·oom­poeod of British and Indiana, how it would bo poaaible to lind Indiou who have not -alraady committed themaolvea to .a dafinita 'Oiew 1 aDd I think I aha.ll be born• out by everyone· who baa knowledge of Indian politioa if I say· that there is· no leadillg Inclian politician, indeed no• ·Indian politician who might not aspire to be a leadar, who baa not already committed himaolf again aud -in on tho . very BUhjoct which we ... 11- diaouaaiDg. It OOC11rrOCl to me durin& tho debate that there- waa a Commi- appointed in 1924. The oarlieat oocaaion on which I remember· 801118 Resolution in favour of antlcipatiDC tho date of ·the Commi•ion aud appointiug it much earlier than 1929, ourionaly anoagh aroee actuall7 in 1921, j118t after tho Parliomanta had boon inaugurated and aJmooto within a month ar twv of Dl1' auMMC!ing D17 noble friend Lord Cholmaford. It wall one of the earlieet Reeolutloaa that I BDCOUDtored in India and it oortainly waa during 1921. That waa the etato of alfain which oontinued until 1923, when thaN wore Reaolutione aDd in 1>12& there wore definite Beaolutione to that elfeot. Thea a Commi­was appoilltad, of which your Lordships are no doubt aware; which. was called the lteforma Iaqairy Committee. It is very often referred to aa the Muddi­man Committoo booaUBe it wao preaide!l over by Sir Aleu.ndar Muddiman.

It waa aompoeod of 'Indiana and British. Sir A.la:ander .Huddiman, who was then the !:lome 114ombor and th& Loader for the Government in the Legislative Aaaombly 1 wao the Chairman, Associated with him ware two !lr~tish members, Sir Oharloa Innes, who waa, 114embar of the Viceroy's Conn­oil for Commerce, and Bir Arthur FrOII)o, who waa an unoflioial Europoan reproeontativo. Tho otber six oompoeing tho -Oommiuion wore Indiana. l clo not deoire to travel into the history of that Oommiuion. . I ollly refer

409,

M it M point o~ that as a 1'81Ult them waa a ftrT fuU debate .in the Legia­lattva Assembl,y m 1926. In that debate Reeolutiona were formulated which represented the riews of those who were ia. favour of an immediate advance. and who etated from their point of view what they wished the. Governmeat· to do, ThOI'e waa a very long Resolution whioh .formulated a Ocmstitution,. 1~ left the ~ to be aettled hy a round table 110Dfenmca or hy · a Commio. mOD. .llut 111 eubstance it etatecl. definitely wbat tha,y wished, and the 'Viewe """"' that there muet be both a 1Jentral Legillatura and iProrinOial Legia­.la.tures, compOHd of repreaentatives. elected. on ·a wide fra.nchisa, .-and thai1 the Govera.or..Qeneral in Oo11IICil ehould be J'Oipollllible to the Contra! Legis. lature. · Jr!Jianoe and varioue matter& were dealt, with and them ·were certain. reeervationa with regard to the Amq into which. I need not ao· but it waa dali11itely ehaped hy the leaden of polliical though~; in !Julia, ~ hy thoae who wom ta.1<iDJr a promiDant pari in . ;the. debam in the. Legislative Aalemb4;p'.. .. .... . -~. -::-. ~· . : . ' : . ~ . . · l notioecl the namee of thooe who epoke atrongl;J in favoUJi of theae l!A!oo­lutiona and who, of course, were entitled to represent their views with all the force they oould command,. They were· doing it in a. .perfectiJI coueti­tutioa.a.l1DaD.ller, ·a.nd although aa & Govenua.ont we might nQt agree with. them and tboagld> th&t tha,y were· Pl""""'ing too faat; and ping M far, "" no fault - be foond· With their maa.ne of preeentina the case or with the .HeaolutiODa whiob. from ·their· point of view they bad adviUICed. .Hut all thoae w.ho made themselves TeBpQDiible for that definite declaration &re now t&kins part largely in• the agitatio1> :whiob ·is proceadiD11 in. India for the purpoae ·of boycotting the Council. , . ·

' 'l'be I}Ueation that l hove put to myaelf and whioh I have no doubt the Hecreta.ry of'l~tate must hove. coDBidered agoin aud aaa.in is: Would n be p-bllo w appoint a Commioai<>D in whioh the leaden of Nationalist opiniou would take pari w.itiL the lmowledp ·that tha,y tb011U181vee, nQt ODCO

but over and over again, bad committed· tbemaelvea to a definite view a.a to the policy for whioh they wished and from whioh they· would nQt departP It seems to me that that ill realb> putting men on tho Oomm.iuioa. with tho lmowledga that tha opiniona they would - a.re tho opiniona they hove alreedJ! •upreeaed' ' I am. prepared ·W ·admit that tha,y would Bit on the Omnmiuion with 8ftrT deeire to ·be ~ fair aud to keep ·an opan · mind. Nevertbeleaa they hove been ·tbinkiDg about tbia oabject· fv a vert long time and, ea I hove inclloatecl, bave already givea pledpa from whiob it would eaem ftrT dilllcuJt. for them w. 1'008de. I mention that aga.in merely for tho purpoae of illuetrating the dilBoultiea there would have been bad the Government aet about •appointing a Commission eompoaed of those who had lndian> uperience. ·To leave thoee mm out would at onoe have been a oball- M 1ndiaa. politicol opinicm &Dd tbonght, al>d it would hove been &BS11JIIed· th&t it was dODe J>1D1IOIII'lY with tha objeall either of h11111i­liating them or of preventing their voicea &Dd opiuiODI baring full weight.

Confronted with all these di:lllcultiea and thoaa referred to elrudy by the Secretary of State, which I will not repea.t, it aaems to. me that there waa no alternative but the P&rliamentary Commilaioa to wbiob the Government have had 1'0C011I88. I cannot profeea to say whet wa.e in the minds of Mr. Monta.gu or my noble friead Lord Cholmaford wbOD this particular 880ticm of the Statute waa drafted and when they came to the CIOJlCIDBion

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6hat 6here should be a revision. I do not know what 6hey had ill mind, but l should be VO'tf aurprised to find that they had delnitel7 rulad out altoge6har a Parliamentary Commission. I should not be aurprisecl to learn from 6hem that what the:r alwa11 contemplated waa a Oommilaion of Parlia­mantary repreaentativea from this country. We ahall, perhaps, get more information from m:r noble friand if he illtervenea in thia debate.

l have arrived at m:r OOlUllusion entirel,y unaided b7 m:r noble friend the l:leoretary of l:ltata. B:r that I mean that although I had had with him, duriaa; tha period when I waa Viceroy and aiDee, 111&117 diaouaaiou on Indian affaire and on thia eubjeot, I waa UD&ware of tha cleclaion of the Govern­ment to appoint a Parliamentary Commission until juet a little time before tha announoement waa made. That anabloa me to aa:r that m:r 'riewa are quite lDdependent and quite frae and unbiased b:r au:rthiDI that ma:r ha..., been aaid reoaniJT, at any rate on tiUa aubject, b:r U.e Beoretar:r of State to me, and that the ooaclusion to which I oama is the conclusion whi.oll the Ciovarnment hai a1Nac17 1"811Ched. I oannot think than waa any other ooarae open.

Although it is a creat satisfaction to- find that there ill no division of opinion ill this House with regard to the appointment of U.e dommilaion and certainl7 none with regard to thooe who are to be appointed, I am a little troubled in min~ b:r the euggeetions' made b:y m:r noble friend Lord Olivier, when he tcld 111 what waa deaired b:r his Part,. ill order that full aupport might be given, I do· not propooe to anal:yee tha propoeala. I do not know whether tha Secretary of State had them before· him when he waa speaking. All I will aa:r for m:reelf is that I should have thought that thooe propoaala, which, I preaume, as the language waa read out. to ua, repreeenti lormall:r what ia deaired b:r the Part,., were quite impooeible of acoaptence. I ahaU.bot attempt to go into them in detail. To adopt the euaeation that. -there should be two Reports, one a Report b:r an Indian Committee­tllat ia, of pntlemen wha would be in India oonatitntinc the Committee that waa to be formecl-1nd another a Report b:r the ('.ommiuioa to be appointed in thia oountr:y, would reaU:r be to place ·the Parliamentary Commisaion in an impooeibie position. I do not think I am euggeratlnc when 1 10 deacribe it,. U ana .drawa the pintnre of what would happen on euoh oondi­

. tiou OD8 jmmedjataq -arrives at the ocmcluaioa that, ohaoa .m-' eDS1l6.;

!on would have twa toteu:y dillerent Reports, I euppooe, in any event. _ I do not intend to go further into· thooe propooala. · They are. matiere for

l:iia Maieot:r'• Bovernaumt. 1 am ·~ ""Pressing tha vi""" which I have reaabed and of thooe who ara IIIIIOCiated with me in thia :ao-. There is muoh to ba done. Although I could not go an;ythins like, the length ouggeeted b:r m:r noble friend, I believe that no better plan could be devised. Certa~ 1 am not able to think of a better oae. There baa been no more elaborate plan prepared to saf<lguard tho illtereeta of lndi1111 politioians and of those who, although not politiciane, ma:r nevertholeea desire to be heord upon tbia aubjeot, than the provisions that have been made, no doubt in consultation between the Vicero:r and tho B<>C>retary of Stata. It ia eapeoially •nth relerenoa to thooe safeguards that I should like to make a few obeerv­ationo.. One cannot taU how much of what one aa:ra in thia House may travel to . I!'dta. I have. been tho recipient of talegrama from loading Indian poltttclana ill India, with whom I was on terma of friendship in India,

.4.11

maJciDg an appeal to me: My answer to them must be that all the- safe­gnarda ·that they really o,ould deeire are already provided. They will have tile opport1111ity, u lilT noble friend hae aaid, of preaentiq their rieW8, Dot only b;y the Committee of the Central Legislature, but also b;y the Oommlttee appointed b;y themselves, a :non-<>lli.cial Oommi- of elected men, uno!lioial in everr reepect, for the purpose of arriving at tht oonclu­aiona which they wish to put before the Commiaaion, and there ~bey ma;y be <Juite certain the;y wW get an axoe.Uent and displllllionate heariug. 1 cannot think that a better Obairman could have been ·found for tbia purpcee, or ....,. who would stisf;y Indian public opinion more tborougbl;y, than Sir .Jobn lli.mon, who ia going out to undortaka thia very reaponoible dut;y.

I am oppressi.d b;y 80Die appreltOD&ion 'Jest the Indian politioiana ma;y be led awa;y into carr;ying out this poiici of boJoott, of refmiDiDa' from preaentiug themaelvea, of refuaiug to have; in the language of one telegram to me, an;ything wbatwer to do with the Conunieai"" in an;y lbape or form.

. r· know. that the hdian gentleman, iudead, 1- ..... going to 887 the hdian of ever;y olau, ia Ter;y IOillritive.. ·- He ia perbapa none the lea 88111itive becenae he ia ruled ovw by_ a Government which is not hia own, and he ia prone to take offence when none is maant. . He is, because of theea ver;y facta, rather inclined to think that there is some deaire to wound him or, if not to wound him, to place him in a position of inferiority. When he hae read what the llecreter;y of lltate hu bad to sa;y to us to-da;y, I believe that in his heart he will lilld that he hu bean mistaken. Although it ia very clilBoult for a pOutioian in India, u it is in England, to recede from a position wllich be bas once publicl;y announced, yet I am hopeful that there will be a change and that it will be recognised that everything that oould be done for them. hu, in fact, been dona ill this connection.

I would only add, in conclusion, that some of lilT Indian friend•, if they will 1oo1< back on tha events of the laat few ;yean and .even be;yond, will fiDd that this policy of ablltainin!i from an;y interoourae with ·the Oommia­Bion' or with the Government bas not ,.twaya been productive of benoit to India, that it ia rather a perilous iustrumaB to nae and sometimes it recoilo upOil thcee wbo .. adopt .it., .If .the peJicy ware pereisted in I bava DO heoi­tat;.., in ea;yiug that a. II""V!> error ..W have been oommitled. All oppor. t1mity -ia preaented to lDdia to put the whole of her .,... before a Tribnnal Preaided over by a Chairman of the character and the capacity of Sir .John !limon. Tba whole purpoee of it ia that the gontlemea formiDg the Commie­BiOil ahaU inform· themselves, educate themselvee eo to speak, when they are in India, on .the 'rie'II'B of Indiaus, that they eball laarn everything that there ia to be said on the subject, that they ebaU dul;y ,and faithfully report to J!arliament when .they return; and that the;y eball give their oonclusions, wllich, at !eaat we, ma;y be assured are not tho conclusions of thcee who reason a priori but will be deoisiona arrived at b7 them after carefully weighing and siftiDg all tho evidence that is preaonted to them.

In regard to tho Montagu-Obelmsford roforma, of which we n~turall! have heard much in 'thia debate, I have erpressed m:voelf before m th11 .liouse and aJao in India u of opiDion thet they ha .. prOYed Oil the whole to have been better devised avon, perhaps, than thoae who had a laadiug part in them themaelvea thought at tho time. I am not for a moment

412.·.

auggoriiDg that they are not capable of amendment, but I d? belie":e that in them there is a foundation well laid, and that it. rest. 1nth lnd1a now to show to the Jlritiah public that from the uperience which she has bad, from .the knowledge that she has acquired of Parliamentary Government, from all tho varioua events that have. taken place during these eventful -fter aU, tha Legialatuna ha.., only eziated oiDce the beginning of 1821...,.,...., is now able to p._.,t a. case and _..,.,.ta which will enable the ()ommisaiOD to form ita own epininn and to repon to. Parliament, when Parliament again willluive tha opportunity of hearing the Indian Committae if they d....., .to mate their repreoontatiODB. ·· In those oilcmDstancell .theJ have really the beet protection that collld be. deviled folf them a.nd ill wollld bo very unwise of them,. I venture to think, If they refrained ~ maJr:ina: every possible use of tho opportunitiee that are afforded them. . ; .. VuooUNT CHELMSFORD.: My Lorde, in the courae of hie apeeclt i111

noble friend the Secretary of Stata for India. upreaaed the hope that I should make it claar what wao in the minds of Mr. Montagn and l11,711elf when we made a recommendation that oftar .; period of tan yeare 0111' reforms should be subject to ezamin•tiOU: liy ·a CoJnmiWcm. I am. deeply oommitu.d in this matter,. ud I think I ca.n give a. very ciea.r anawer to my noble friend. When Mr. Montagn a.nd I were up!Oring tha question of reforms, now ten yean ago, we were etruek by thla fact: that while during John Oompany daya a periodic examination by a Parliamentary Committae took place, I think every twenty years, in eonnection With the renewal of the Charter, that ainoe the &18Ulnption by the Crown of the Government of india no ouch Parliamentary inquiry has ever taken plaoe. I put aside tboae annual debates in another place, which cannot :he :fegarded as evincing even a Parliamentary in- in what is going on in India, and l doubt whether in another place on tha occasion of tha annua.l review-it naed to be on ~e Estimata for the Beeratary of Btate'o oalary, but now I ·am not onre whet is the exact teclmical. - on which the debate hanl!,1t-'-there were not even fower lllemben in the Bouoe perhapa than are in your Lordehipll'. J:louse at the preaent tinlo. o

We felt thet this waa singularly unfortullato because Parliament did not keep in that close tcucll with the development »! India which r<ially ahollld have been the case when Parliament had actually taken over the Govern-· ment of India. In faot we note this paradoz br our Report, that Parlia­ment c801ed to enrcille control at the Yery moment when it reqnirad it. The colUIOqUOilC8 has been, I think, that the advence· thet has been made in constitutional reform in India. baa eeca.ped the notice of Parliament; ed the inevitability of tha otepa which hove been taken has -ed the notice both of members of this Bonae and of the other Bonae. If they had kept in thet cloee touch, they wollld hove Nalioed tha Yariono otegea of develop­ment that have takon place a\nce the Councilo A.ot of 1861 the Jatar A.ot of 1892 and the Act of 1909. A.ll these have been etagee, and warning otegee, in the history of colllltitutional development in India. Yet when Mr. lllontegn and 1 came with our propoaala in 1919 those proposals came as a aboak to members of both HoU11811 beoanae they had not realised wltat had been greduaUy devoloping during thooe years.. Therefore .I can say quite clearq that what; waa in our mind was the revival of that old QBtem of Pa.rlia­l!'•ntary inqlli!'Y . which took place onder John Company.

' · We regarded o~ refoi'IDII as a new Charter .and wa felt it was deeirahle that from· time to time, as in the caae of John CompiUlJ''' Charter thoee reloi'IDII should .he es•mJDod. and BCI'lltinised, Unfortunately my co'Uoagua 111r • .lll.ontegu is not with Ul to-day, and I oannot express what his vien might .b&ve hean to-da.y, but I ehould like to point out to your Lordehipa that.in the appointment of the Joint ComnuUea pieaided over by my noble friend the Eerl of Selherne; to which he was a par9, h6 quite clearly ehowed what was ik his mind, evea though tbali .....,. be as Joq - aa eiglm yaari. 1 W1l.l quote this paaaga from the Report-:-

." But the Committee think that it is of the utmoet importenoe, frolia the very inauguration of these conatitutional ohangea that Parliament ehould make ~t quite plain that the ·reeponsibility for tha &UDC8B8i'F8 etegee of the development of aelf-aovernment in India rest. on itoelf and em itoelf alone, and that it cannot share this responsibility with, much !eM del-to it to1 tho newly-elected Legialaturee of India." ' ·.

'· ··To 'EMIJ.· ~ BIRKEN.IIEAD: Where is that quoted fromp , , r • • . • , ••

• • . VJ8CXJUlii"Jr .OH ET,MSFOB.D : ·I am quotiDg hom the Beport. of the Juint Oommittee of !.orca and Commou, pieaided ovar by the Earl of 8elbonle,. to whom 1fBS .oommitted the •nmination of the Bill which zeeulted in the Aot of 191.9. 111r. Montegu .was a party to W.t Report and I think that quotation alone would ehow what was in his mind-that it was definitel,r ·a .. Parliamentary CQ.mmjyjon 01' Committee, aall it which tyOU will, whiah,­he .had in his mind to esamine the conatitutional dOl'elopment in India. 1'herefore, as 1 said at the beginning, I am deeply oommitted to tha belief that this inquiry b,y Commjgjoo should he through the medium of a Parlia­mentary Commissima. Of. course it. has hoeD made quito clear duzinc this -. that the Booretar,r of State for India, my noble friend behUad me (Lord Ulirier) and my nohle friend tha Marquoss of Rsadiug all contamplate that lndiaus ehould he olooel7 aasooisted with the work of this Commission, but I do ehare the regret whioh my noble friend tho llsrquoss of Boeding expreued juet now, and I think it is a pity that this debate did not take ploce at an earlier momsnt..: 1

·l41 old: friend Bi&o John Simon, the· Chairman· of. tho Commission, did attampt to remedy this in a letter whioh ho ..........-it was a curious methodl butlaupposo-it was the olll7 one apen to h'm to, I think, the Parliamentary 8pllt .in his OODBtit.._. Ia the laat paregrapli of th6t letter-l wish I bact it here 110 that 1 oould qnoto D-he .m out in moat admirable tei'ID8 the view he toot with .--.1 to' the aasooistioa of Indiana with this Oommi&. lion; 1· think,. oftar th6 001U88 this debate has taken to-day, that it ill ~ IUlC8II8IUJ' to attampt to emphaaiss what has been in the minds, I imagine, of His Majeaty'a Government, and would have been in the minds of a111 Government whioh had reepolllibility in this matter, that Indlall& ahould bo olosoly associated in tho most olfective wa.y with tho working of thiiJ Commission. I earnsatly hope that the appeal to Indians made just DOW b:ymy noble friend Lord Boeding will got out to thsm in India. There ia Do reHection at. aU upon Indians in the OOil&titation of this Oommi-, and there ia no idsa of shutting them out from the full ezpreuion of their 'Views.

414

There ;. one matter which has not so far bMn much touched upon, anti :ret I think it ia very vital that everybody who hu "" intareet in this matter ohould bear It in mind. Mr. Montagu and I were closely conditioned by the announcement of His Majeoty'a Government in August, 1917. That aam8' CCilditien applies to the COlnmi..ion which iB now going out. That annollllC&' maot appeared in the l'Namble of the Aet under which the (!ml>miasion is ...,. heiug appointed,· and I think perhaps it will bring home the meaning of thia fact to :ronr Lordahipo if I 'Very briefly and concisely indicate to you the history of reform u I saw it in m:Y time. I think it will show very clearly how thia Oommi.uiou will be· conditioned by the terms of that annonoce­ment. ·

I think the bo.ll wu eat rolling with regard to the policy of reform by a. very remarkeble utterB11ce made by my noble friend Lord Sinha,. who is- not here tc>-night. In· 1915 .be eddreoeed the Indian Natiollal CoDgreu aa their President. It ia very remarkable that, with the·extreme viewa espreoaed by many !ndiano at that time, a man of his moderation, the foreman Indian of the time, should have been chosen. The remarkable passage in Lord Sinha's address was that in which he pleaded with the Britiah Government to d&­clare two thiDp: first, their policy with regard to future conatitutional devalopmaot, and then that, aa an earneet of their sincerity in putting for­ward that &DDOIIIlcement of conotitntiollal development, th8J would etata their readinOIB to take the lim eteps in that direction. Tbia wu at Christmas time in 1916; I came home. from India in January, 1916, for sis week& before I went ont again •as Viosro:r, and when I got home I found that there was ll- Committee in existence at the India Office, which waa consider­ing on what lines future conatitutiODnl development might toke pW.O. That Committee, before my return in-the middle of March, ga'RI m8' a pamphlet contailling In hroed outline the Yiews which were held with regard to future constitutional development. - When I reached India I showed this pamphlet to my OouncU and also to my noble friend Lord Heston, who wu then Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provin001. It ·contaiDed what is now known as the diarcbio principle. '

Ju this CCJIIJU!Ction it might interest :ronr Lordshipe to tmow how the epithet " diarcbic " !iiat aroee, At one of the llrat C01JDCila that I held on the nbject, Bir William lll"18r, a man of ooDBidere.ble 8nldition and very acote mind, when he heard the principlea on which this proposal developed, as it appeared in the brochure, said that it reminded him of the division of central and imperial provinoas Wn.der .the early- .Romnn Empire, wftich Mommsen called u dia.rchy."' From that ehance remark-it could· only have been a chance remark, becauee. I am eore that Sir William Me:rer1 if he had -waited to think a little further, would have· eeen on refleotion that there was no .......,blance hetwcon the di~ of MCIIDDII8D and the diarchy in our scheme-the word 11 diarahio " has spread: aa an epithet· of prejudice in connection with the reforms which were iutituted at that time. Since ~S>ple very often wonder how the word came to bo uaed, I think it may •ntereat JDDr Lordahipa to mention that fact.

Both the OounciJ ODd Lord Heston, wlio waa than Sir J'- Heston, ,.. -Ported aotr.wly CID the proposala for conatitutiollal development contailled In that pampblet. We proceecled to conaider a Deepatah on dltrerent linea.

415 . which wore rather ill the nature of an extension of the old Jl[orle,r..Hinto ll.efol'llll, bat, aa the then Secretary of State pointed oat, oar propoaala failed to 11:1: the 8111arpd Co1111oila with 'respGDBibility. lll:r. Chamberlain declared that a mere illoreaae illnambera did not train Indian ill Mlf-goverllm8llt ed <lid 110t advance ita object anlesa, the Ooanoila could at the aame time be Axed with aome deflllite powera and .reel respouibility for their action. l:larell ill that oritioism of lll:r. · Chamberlain liM the beeio principle of the IIIIIIOa-ment that waa made ill August, 1~17. It is tr11e that lll:r. Jl[onte&a waa the mouthpiece of that &Dilou.._.....t,. but it io '""DmOII knowledp that the &D110111Ulem811t ill ita auhstalloe had been framed befoN Jl[r, Jl[011te&a auamed olllca. .

. . With that -ancement the .• aituation ~ the ooaaideration of nl'011111 abaDged at once. ·I immediateJ,y aaked uq Co1111oil to work 011 the prilloiplea eD>Iwlied ill that •JUJ!M>Dcement. It io illterestiDg te IIOte that .Mr. lll:011tegn wae doiDg the very aame thing ill LondOII, ed whm we met ill India, .ill November of that ,_, we found that both uq Ooanoil and the lndia OJIIce had !lftiyed at auhsfantiall,y tha aame CODCiuaiolrr--DameJ3, that if ;you were te C>U1'7 oat the &IIDOuncem9!1t ae prouo1111ced b;y .Hie Jl[ajeoty'e .Governmmt, emb~ respoaaibility and advance b;y atagee, the diarchio Dlethod mast be employed. But lll:r. ·Montagu and I were 110t content with this, a:a.d when :we went round in India :we were alwaya interviewing depu.. tationa .and ,leadillg men, whether Indians .or Gavernora, and trying to get aw...,. from what ia called diarch;y.: . But when we mQiht the propcaala of other paople to the teet .of the annoancement which waa really our tel'llll of .r:afere.noe, we always fou.ud .ourselves back at the faot that :we .had to come to the diarchic methocL . , Afteo !Qng striving we found no way out and, of course, that method ill .embodied, aa 7our Lordships know, in our Report. But I am aure that no one who reads oar Beport---1 am Afraid ver;y few people have read it-<>an lmagille for 011e moment that we put forward oar propoaala otherwiao than 011 the baeill that llavillg .aought all the elter118tive motbods of e&rl7iDg out the ~~ of Hie Jl[ajeoty's Government, we wore driven baek te the quMtiOII of a ConstitutiOII on. the linM embodied· in . wllat ill oalled diarchy. And I woeld ~ ;your Lordebips the$ in· the$ same Report

· wbich I read to ;yonr Lordships jast now, the Committee pnsided over b;y Lord tlelliorne said this:-

" ln the opilliOII of the CoDIDiitteo the plan propoood b;y the BiD ill oon­eeived wholl;y ill this spirit, and interprets the pr01101111oomen$ of the 28th Anguat, 1917, with acrapnlooo IICC1U'II07· It partitiono the domsill of Pro­riucial &overnmeut into· two fields, one of which ia made over to Ministen cbcaen' from the elected members of the Provincial Legilllat111'8 while the other remaillo under the adDiinistration of a Governor-iii.COnncil. Thill acheme has evoked apprehSnaions which are not nnnatural in view of i111 novelty. But tho OoDIIIlittee, after the most careful ocnsidoration of aU suggested alternatives, are of opinion that it is ·the beat way of giriq etfeot to the spirit of tho declared policy of 1lia Majooty'~ · GOV8J'21!"enll. !to critica forgot that the announcement spoke of a substantial stsp m tho direction of the gradual development of aelf-governi.Dg institutiona ··with a view to the progreaaive realisation of responsible govel'J11Dent and not of the po.rtial introduction of responsible government; and it is thia cliltinctioll

4:16

·which jUBtifieo the method b7 which the Bill Imp ... :responeibilit7, ~oth .oa Members to the Legislatmo OoUDcil and ·on the 11l81Dbon of the Legillat1ve ·Council to their conetituents, for the reeulta of that pari> of the administration whicll is transferred to their aharge." · · •

[ hope I have made it clear ·that Mr. 1\lontaiU and I were conditioned b7 the terms of that &111101Uloement, and tha Committae which is now going out will he equally conditioned b7 tho terms ·of that ........._ant. ··

Of COUJIIB when one nriewa what hall happened 1111cler the ·..-nt re­forms one hall to ramemher two thing!J. -In tha lint pi-, that the7 were introduced uncler moot 'BDfavourable conditi.,_tho --here of tha l'unjab dioturbanceo and of the non....,..J.leratioa movement, and thea uder the financial stringenoy of the Goverament of India, a financial stringeuoy

· commoa to the whole world, but which prevented tho Central Government ·from handing over to tho Provincial Govornmellte flUids whicll would haft enabled them to cany on tho departmenta udor their •charge. I hope that my old friend Sir Joha Simon ata1111 his ()ommillion ander happier auspice~, and 1 only 8lqln08 ~ owa delight that ha woa appointed. I can only hope that the .Koport or &dVioe whicll that Commiuion will P..., when ft NpOria will square with that - in the ma1111er in which Mr. lllontacn •and I had to square CM1l' propooolo in .A.ugnet, 1917. I mq haft bMn un­fortunate in the attempt whicll I made to cany ont the terms of that announcement. Hay Si1 J chn Simon and hie Co!DmUalon be more fortuna to. Thio is too big a matter to •oonaider either peraonal or political bearingo. I think the debate thio afternoon clearly indioatoo that, and one can feel, after listening to that debate, that from all qnarflon g- out the hope that this OOIIUDi.Baion will he aucceosful in their great enterprise.

'l'IDI Eom. «~» BIRKENBEAD: M7 Lords, I do not think it -•••ry ·to add more than a word to the ......,. :rt!IIUII"kable dobeto which boa token P~ l!elclom indeed, can & diacuaaicm 1umt bMn informed b7 more bow­ledge. Thare haTO beea oontributory to it a formal: Secrotory of State for .India, who woa in ollioe at a very troubled period in the hiotory of India, and two Viceroye, oacl1 of whom waa charged with npecial and grave ronpono­•ibilit7 during the period of his office; and I am graatly encouraged '6y tho. realiso.tion that nona of th- three noble Lords boa quarrelled with or obaUengod the broad decision of Hie 1\lajeoty'a GOTOrnment. · le it too much · to hope that so remarkable a unanimit7--for I ucludo the miner pcinta upon which 1101110 criticism hall been upreoned-ia it too much to hope that 10 remarkable a unauimitJ'-of opinion among mea of auch vastly ditfereat -rienco and so ropr.entati..., of every politiOIII thought in this CCMllltry, may travel to lndiaP Hay it eo travel, and may it have· tha otfoct of par. ~ng men of prominence aud pOO.tion ·in India that the7 would be raall lD ~renaaturely and perbapa irretrievably cornmi\ting themselves to a cotU'Ie WhiCh perhaps, hereafter, will prove to be Unwise a.nd lrreconcilab]e with .their own ultimate intereota. On this point Lord Olivier addreoaed a word of wiae caution, which I venture to adopt from him, and to repeat. I have only to add that I am deeply gratoful for tho apirit which bBS prevailad in thg debate, and for the aucoeaaful contribution which I am persuaded it. hall made to the dillicult situation in whicll - find ~...... '

On Queetion, .Motion agreed to. .llauaa adjourned at half-put MVen o'clcok

'.APPENDIX I (e),

lila. RAMSAY MAcDONALD: I rise in the nama and on behalf of Drf ..,ueagues to support the Resolution (Earl Winterton's resolution in oimilar tor:"'" to t~at moved h:r the Earl of Birkenbead in the Honae of Lords) which haa Jnat been moved. At. the aame time, we olfer moat oinoerely lOme advice, whieh we hope may he accepted, in order to make tho proc&o dure more acceptable to the Indian people then i• would he othenriae. I

<1o regret that there baa not been more oo11111ltetion between tho Qovern.; mont· and rep.......,tative Indiana for the purpose of clearing away diJ&, caltiea. If I might eoho part of the debate of yesterday, I would say that I think in this respect the Government hss repeated tho mistake it made before it entered into the Geneva Naval Conference. I am sure that had Indian opinion and leading Indians who make as wen as voioo that opinion boon posseaoed of the -sympathetic ideas which tho Under-Secretory of State has just enunciated, wo might· have been relieved of a good deal of Criticism that baa been poaoed upon the Government eobeme. What. thia House baa to do ia to reoogniss quito frankly the wldeapread onspicion that aiata in India, and I !lope this di>bato will do much to ramove that snspioion Ol' at ·~ rate a anbstantial part of it. If we oeuld ramove that onspicion I am oenvinced that it ·would be for the good of India as wen aa for the honour of oursolvos. The &:at point dealt with by tho Noble Lord was tho question of the Royal Commission, an ordinary oldfaahioned Royal Oolll' mission.-

' ·r ·stand before tho Honse as one who baa bosn a member of. a. Royal Gommisaion appointed to Inquire into Indian alfa.ira. I sat under the Pnaideney of Lord Ialinaton for over two ;reara. I went twice to India aa a member of that Commiasion to inqnire into the publio sonicos of India. I aaw a good doal behind the acenee, and I took a oomewhat aotive part in the negotiationa that had to be undortakell in order to got the Report of that Commission ~ag like unanimoUL The aubjoot referred to ua wlia a very large and important one, but novertheleao it had tho groat advantage of baing confined and speoifio. It was a qusation of the publio aorvicea of India, beginning with tho Imperial Sorvioea, tho Indian Civil .Senice and going on to that large group of prori.Daial services, evaryone of which prosonted a. dilferont problem but did not givs rioo to large fundamental and deop-.atad politioal quoatioDL I oenfsao that ~ -porience on that Commiasion ..,nvinoed me the~ a Royal Oonuni..;.,.. .., inqnire into the· Indian Oonatitution would not be an ol&oient bod;r. U there was nothing eiea to bo dono we would havs to appoint one, ba I think it ia the duv of the Govornmon~ as indoed· it was our duty when we wore a Government, to consider whether a bottar ayatam of findiag ont what Indian opinion an4 Indian noods wore, ought to be instituted. One Of tho groat diffiaultiea of a mixed commi11ion, • Royal Oommiasion, il the dilliaulty of selootion. So far as tho right bon. and bon. Friends who ait with me and belona to the same party ae I do are oonoerned, we have never approached the problem relating to the oomtitntion of a country,

( 417 )

418

we have DOver criticiaed the action of GoverDIDODta of a ccnmlq without keepiDg in our mincla in the - promiD.U and important poeition .the goestion of minoritiee. · How minorities are cleelt with, what the relHiona between majoritiee and minoritiea are, are fundamental and 88118ntial to tbe good government of ""1 eountrJ. Thorofare ill would be abaolufiely imposeible for Ul to ~port ""1 Cnmmioaion or ""1 inqah-y oeleoted in &111 ~ ..,.. ecivable, 1iDleee we had uoarancee that upon that Cnmmioaion and that inquiry the neecla of the minority were adequaliely eeoured. When we !ay down that fundamental proposition, then for the purposea of diloovenng how it ia to be aatialiecl we prooeed to ourvay, DOt the minority, but the intricata and numerou eeotioaa of the minority in India. The Crnnioainn that would evolve from auch a COD&idert.tinn would be 10 unwieldy that oo Government could light-heartedly select it aa ita inatrument for makinB m inqu.iJ7.

There ia t.DOther COD&ideration that followa from that. Without, of :aurae, in any way auppreeaing or diatortiug opinicm. ill ia V8f1 deoirabla that when the inquiry is :liDiahed we should have a tepon that will ...n:r ~de ua. What ia going to be the report we would get from a l!A>yal llommiaaion appointed in the aame way as the Royal Commiaaion of which [ was a member eome yean ago P It ia abaolufiely lmpoesible to get a report from auch a Commiaal011. You win pt reports, but then what llappeaa ia that you have your majority report and a whole aeriea probably of minority reports; You will also have a aeriea of reports that are aigned, with varioua paragraplis in tham aaterisked, and footnote&, I ehould imagine amounting to a very considerable number,· will be appended; and then this B:oilae, inatead of getting guidance, and the Joint Parliamenlar7 Committee that is to be aet Up &I the IIOCOnd atage in thia inqah-y iutead Dt having some sort of well-<~ifted and c<><>rdinated evidence and guidance, would itaelf have to regard the various sectiona of the Joint Committee u though they were ao many witneosea. The reports of auch a Committee or of euch a Commioaion will not C&rf1 this Honae beyond the pooition of being a body liataniDg to witn ......

I would like tbe evidence; if it is at all possible, to be sifted In such a way that it could be c<><>rdinated and embodied into some sort of com­posite scheme that will, ao far. aa human intelligence and human ingenuity aan. meet the various points of 'View and pre&eDt to 118 a common pioture, • common photoaraJlh of the needo. ·That is not poeaible if thia Honea appoiuta a. Commiuion such u the one I have in D'13' mind iD making theae remarks. It will give ua a minimum of guidance instead of a masimum of guidance.. It is perfectly true, as I think Lord Olivier said m another place yeaterda.y, that when we were in office in 1924. thia queetinn was before ua. We were never able to mature it or to produce a IOheme; we were never able to aa:y quite definitely " This ia the way that we are going .to approach it." But I can aay thia, ibat as a. result of a variety of conaiderationa, conversations and consultations, our minds had turned in the dil'eeltion of using the Parliament. of the two countriea as the in­quiring body. We DOver went furthar than that, but that waa the dhaetioa tba~ we were ltegiuning t.o explore as a nault of a weeding out of various obTioua l'l'OtJosala aa to how tbe matter should be d~alt with.

419

Th~re Ia one thing I should like to say ill this respect. II there is · u;ythillli that representative demooracy holds ill high esteem it Ia tho Parliam111t of ita representatives. Parliaments are not ezclu.ai1'8 bodies. Thq· m117 have been; but those of ue who believe ill democraey, thooe of aa who belie,.. ln &II ·org&lliaad public opinion created for the purpose of making that opinion elfeoti,.. m· administration ud laiislation, must, of neceaaity, hold Parliament as the highest axpreaion of ;that publio opinion in any oonntry, When we support, as I do and my oo11aagnea and party, tile mgeation that the Parliament of this eountry as the reprea~~~tati ... and the oaatodian of the ~ of this eountry in all political ud oonatitutional mettero, shoalcl 1117 to the Parliament of India, "We are going to regard ;pou as the rnpreaentatiw of Indiu opinion. We are going to l'eOOgnfas ;pou, ha'l'illg au authority like ·to onr cnna, ha..U.C a function aud pcaition like to onr own ill :ronr. eountry," and when we W&llt to lmow what ia going to be the CODBtitution of India ill the future, when we ,.....t to lmow what the opinion of political India Ia, even imaginillll India to be a political nnity, when we tarn to the Incliu Parliamen$, we aa:r to it "We appomt a Commission; you appomt a similar body, and the two Oommiasioue working together in ha.rmonioue co-operation with each other are going to report to the House of Commoue, what the line of the new oonstitution Ia to be, what the priDciplea of tho now constitution should be,,. then I aay that, instead of moulting public opmion in India, illstaod of belittling the political illtalligonce of India, we Are doin; it the ;reateot homage that one Parliament can do to another, or one nation can 8V8l"

do to another, with which it is in political relatiouehip, Our oonoern, therefore, having cleared those matters, il the relative

statue of the two bodies. That is what it comes down -the rolatift atatue ,of the Commiaion which we are to aend out to India, and the Committee or Conunisaion, whatever name you like -to eaJl it br--411 that ...apeot I do not .mind Yer7 mnoh by what nama· you eaJl it, baoaaae I am after nbetanoa and not baptismal certificates-the roa1 problem that we han tG aolw and it Ia a problem which Indian public opillion ri;htl;r and properl7 illlliota that .we shoalcl liOlve, ia .what ia to be the relatift otatue of the two aaotiona. of the inquUy that baa to be set up. I think the Prime llfiniater'a atatament a feW'-daya ago .... a little unfortuuate ill that respect. I think a good daa1 of the miaanderstanding-I hope it wiU be miaundantand­ing after this Debate-that baa arisen iD India ,.... owing, uot to the apirit of intention of the otatement, bat owing to the form of the otatament. I listenad to that riatement myaalf aud I tamed to my colleagues who sat by me ana said, " That ia a veey unfortunate statement, if the Government meau to (live auy eort of ..-guitlon to a people who are .,..ry senaitive on pomts of lllf· reapeot." 'The impreaeion which tho right hou. Gentleman OOD1'8yad to me, and I am eorry to 11Dd it was the impression that Indiaue ha.,.. token up, u well aa a great Dlall7 people here, WBB that we were appointing a Oom­miuioa to 110 out to Indi& to meet a Committee appomtad by the Indian Legislature and that the chief work of that lodian Committee was te prepare a report and hand it in writing to our repreaentativea. Thv ltll­geation wu that there waa to be from the very begillnm11 a marlrad rei .. tiADBhip of inferiority between ~e two bodies.

Although aobody conld reaiat the colllltitutioaal. and hletorioal BUrV8.Y of the position of the Indian Parliament which waa made by the Und ... Secretary, the 1 .. that aspect ia emphasised the. better. What aho~ he emJ>haWed, aa one or two aantencea which I. Will!· very glad to 6nd m the Under-Beeretaey'a statement do emphasise, ia euctl,y the opposite, uamel,y, that thia Parliamant hera ia ainoarely determined that there ohoald he DO

11111180 of inferiority and no raloticmabip of inferiority impooed upon thia IDdian Commission, but thet one Parliamant ia honestly and aiDcerely d01irous of couaulting another Parliomont aa to what ia tho heat cou1118 to adopt.. I am aorry,. therefore, that thia Debate did not take place aarlier. I am aure if the Seoretary of State had maclo aome a~rt of state­meat earlier of a larger, more liberal, more generoue chAract<>r, much miounderatandiDg would ha.,. bean removed. The Secretary of Stat& ;realel'o day made certain referencoa, not to .negotiatioua liecauea they were not negotiatioua, but to couaultatioua which he and I and aome of my oolleagoea bad over this matter. I want to say quite candidly ud fraDkly, although we are in 110 way responsible lor these propoaala, that in the coW'88 of those conversations and those u:plorationa as to th• meaning and intention behind and below the verbal expreaaioua that have been made the declaratioua made in thia Houee and el&ewbere, I foand in Lord Birlrenbaad'e mind a aincority of desire to P11JB118 a liberal poliey, and to treat the repreaeutativea of the· Indian Legislature in the openest and moat friendly and moat CCJooOperative way. 'l~ i• absolutely impossible to devise a formula to eneure. thia and. .make it clear to India. We have tried our banda at it and. we have failed.

n ia also impoesible to produce a programme of operation&• That also baa beau triecl and tho attempt bao failed. ·· · '

There are, however, one or two essential poin18, and I am eure .if tho Indiana had an assurance upon them, it would retnove a· very large number of their objectioua and a vary large part of their IUBpiaion. I am glad thet the firat point which I have noticed aa a reault of th010 converoatioua hao already beau met by the U~tary. We adviaecl moat .Woqly that il the W'Otllias uaod. by the Prima :Minister,. in making his announcomeu•, imPlied that the atatua batwMD our Commiaoion and the Indian Oommieai.., waa to be the atataa between a Oommiuion anti the witneM of a OoJnmiMioa, thn.t impression ought to be removed at once. We must have 110 idea in our minds, and I boJ)a the Commiaaioa when it g- out will not ha.,. a partiule oi an idea in iUI mind, that the repreaentativea of the Indian Legiolature are limply goiDg to praoent a written report and temporarily wiah "Go<.d da,y ", to Our Commilaion, leaviug our Commilflim to .YamiM and c1iaoula tb.at report among themaelvea; that later our Oommiesion will oall baok the Indian 1'8Pf"" -tativea to ait •• tho oth• aide of a table and 8DIW8r queRioua pu• to them

· for the putp018 of illuminating their propoaala. That ia not our intention, 1 am perleotly certain, and it llhould he made clear that it ia not our intention. I hope the intention is-and I am aure if this intention i• not carried out, tho Commission that we are aoing to appoint tcHiay will DOt he u au-'al as it could he if properly bandl- &<> to India, .&Dd to - at oaee our colleaguea appointed by the Indian LoaiaJaWr8, to ld their atatemauta, to ezohanp views with them, -to_ ueptiate with thea

421 - Ill matter af' fact to ngard them just as honourable Members opposite eittiua: on a committse would regard bon. Members from tbia aide of the Uonse sitting on the same Committe&, neing their common experience and commo1> Intelligence 'and common ideas for tho pnrpoea of produoing the 'V8r1 best report a oommittee can produce.

There is another point. In the uamination of witneaaes there are oer­tain witn888e8 ud oertain evidence whioh our Commission must uamino for th8111881-. Nobody who muleratands. India would ~ that that must be so, hut, on the Gther bud, there must be a eouaiderable number of wit­.,..,. aud I think, on the .whole, .the most important witneooes wbo will P,_.t erid81>08 af a larger publio cha~tr whom the eaoa is clilforent. Now in the .-illation of thooo witneooM, I would lfirong).r urge our Commission to agree to haw the Indian flommislion oitting with tbem, the right hon, ed learned· Oeut1eman the Member for Span Valley (Sir J • Simon) preoiding - the joint sitting and the Indian npreoontetlveo ha..U.g ~ the ..... righta aod priril- ed statu as the members of OUJ.' own .880tion. The adoption, wherewr, it io poooible, af tho ld88 of joint ~ono will,· I think, remove a large amount of Indian ouopicion, that being dona in ouch li W&7 as to ieouro to our Commiosionen tho abooluta right, the previouo~ announced right, oo that there oon be no diapute about It, of aaying in '""'PlOt, to this, that, and the other witnooo or anbjoot, "We are . , going to take ·•Yidence upon these matten oureelv•. '! A.a a mater· .af foot, on the Royal CommiBBion to which I han referred and ol .which I wu a member, that ide_,ot quite in that form, u circumatanooo were ·not preoi .. ~ tho aame, but that idee in eo far as It was applioable to our duti.......,aa pursued, and nobody .evar offered the least objeotion to it. I

There is a third point--o.nd I am 10rry that a rather faoll.oh oboarntion was made about it yootarclay-the <JUMtion of rePort& That is a qaootion that baa been raieod. Some people eay that the Indian Commission oould not make a report iteaU; otbare - that - ought to autboriM it .0 ·make a report. My OWil pmition ed that of my Friends io the good, oound, -otitutiOI>al position. So far aa this Houee i.o concerned, we ....,.,. aha the Commislioa of the Indian Legialature an;r right . to make a report, nor, on the othar hand, can wa withhold from it the right to report. It fa not o~ Commislioa. We are not reeponoible for it. n io not -uaible to uo. Therefore, what objiOtion is ,there to our lotting it. be bown at 01108 that, so far aa the Iudiau Oommisaion ill ·OODOai"Ded, it ean mOe a report if it likes and it can refrain from making a report if it likes P Ill report will ba made in the proper :way to the body to which it o,... ita origin, and that body can den! then with that report with naotl,y tbe aama freedom aa we ounelves will deal with our report. I think that, if that position il quite clearly understood, another large bloak of WJpicion will be removed, but u I say, we cannot possibly by a programma of allowaDOal or diaaliOW"ancea, we Cannot by a formu1a, la7 down ov iDteutfoDI in that reapect. Wbat we have to fall baok upoa is that by every word we oa:r bora fo.day, by nery stetemeut we make, and more particnler~ by tho forma in whiah we chOOM to embody our jdoaa, we oonvey to the Indian people and to

the Indian Legislature that we are aending forth our Commission of Inquiry ill the spirit of good fellowship' and CCH>Peration, ill order, that it m&f get the faets and the opinion& and the ndleotiona of the heat Indiana, ao thai it may present to no the ftry heat and moot nseful. report that it can produce.

Thare is one other subject to which I will acldreao :myaeif 'before I ait down, and I de it becanoa I think it is a subject about which this BoaM nnd any Government ill this conntry onght to haft ftr:r clear ideao. The Under-Secretary of State referred to certain olaima that ware made, and one which he opacified waa thio-I paraphraae him, and perhaps I make his point a little more absolute than he himaslf made it-that in daalinll with people for whom we haft heen reoponaible in days gone 'by we haft now reached that point in their evolution when the time haa come for na aa a Parliament and a nation to aay to them, what 'lnany of no liave had to aay to our children who have grown up, " You are going out into the world; I have den my heat for you whilat :rou ware under my wine. and whilat I waa reaponaible for you; and now, .taka the reeponu"biiitlea of manhood upon yourse~-, and God bleae ~ ta :rour future oareer." A nation like ours, that haa taken upon itself the responsibility for ~ -primitive peoplea, nbjeot peoplea, people who have faDen under our ·cuatodianahip and truateeship by accident, people whom we have brought there by force of a....,_,. nation like ours, ill theae democratic a.,. when the spirit of nationality and self-independence haa beoome so powerful ill the world, 1 'must make up·. ita mind again and again to put itself in the position ·of the parent who bleaaea his departillg child;- and how are we

. to do itP It is aaid in tbia 'I'OIJII'ICt that if ,. ware wise. · 1f we ware enlightened, if we were liberal, .if we hadi reaDy good feDowahip and gooc1o will! we would aa:r to India, u Go, and go juat aa ~ like ;ronreotvea." • ·• Tha6 is not good, that ia not wise, that ia not fu1Ailing the lleal Mrrice we oan clo to India, ancl, what is more, that ia :not goidillg the deatillleil of a grOwing world aright.· We muat aD h!Lva purned the evolutionary line. I do not know how maDY !l(emhera of this Bonae have read that· very interaating book that at one time was very popnlar in India, that ·rather fanteatio novel oalled " A.nandamath," written hy Bankim Chandra Chatterji, a book, I ma:r say parenthetically, in. which the ''Band$· :Mataram '1 wu tlrat written. This is a book wbich deals with the wara of Warren Bu­tinga and with -the' Billdu ~helliOna· that rille up· lnlt of those wara. ~ in the end, the h..O ...,., " India, 'for ita own aake, for ito own good, muat ·paaa under English dominion, bot a time will come when "~ h& Ia aaaured, aa he retirea from the field of eoti'rity into the JDOil8IJtery of eonto!Dplation-" the work of England will he finished , and when onoe again India will atop. ont with aelf-reapect, holding ito head in the air because it once more can govern itself." · · · · · ' '

:. . When that tUna comas, the departure muat he with the· fnll cogoiaanoe 611cl. th& faD .fraedom and -goodwill of thia Parliament, and, therefore, at .this. moment when ·a naw departure is taking plaoa, it is not right, it is .ao\ the good moral way,. ·it Ia not the wa:r that goea furtheat and leac1a to

423

the greatest good, for ua simply, aa it· ware, to throw India out of our <loon. It ia for ua to say to. India, "Come· with 118. You have got your l'arliaau!ut, 1111ch aa ii ia ;· you have got your self.govemmen~ up to the ,poini which it haa reached; .,.; are prepared now that another lllap should ...,me, and at that atage, at tho threshold of that stage, yea and we ohall consult together, and you and wa ohall 110 out together with our fuD CIOIIBBnt and the completest bleuing that we can give. I therefore urge the ·Government; urge the CommiBSion-that haa ·quita rightl7 got a large area of freedom in hancJlluc left to it and not pn!BCribad by tho Oovern­JIUIDt-,-1 bog the Oovernmant, and I bog ·the Cmuniasion to 110 out iD the -,irit in which. I haft been trying to a~ the Bo-, to go out to nmove Indim suspicion and to gain a complete co-operation; and with that prayer I hope the whole Honse will wish the CoiDDiiBSion Godspeed In the greet work on which it is about to antar.

APPENDIX I (f). To PRIME MINISTER (Ma. BALDwiN): . I, aa every Member .. of this

Hotlll8, must welcome the tone of the Debate to-day and tho genera.! aooopt­anoo of tho propooa.l which has marked the proceedings of .. that Debate. Thoro have been only two or three voiceo raised qainot -tho propolla.l, and we are all very· ploaoed to see tho bon, Member. for North Battonea (Mr. Saklatvala) baok .in hia place. It ia quito evident that during hia abse'!•• . he has made no speech againot the Govarnmont <>f tho country which he ,.... 'liaiting oomparable to the one whioh he ha& delivered to-dey,

·or we ohould moot regretfully have had to do .without Ida p.........,.. 'Whoa speaking of liberty, he must have lost for the moment hia keen IODOO of hUJilour. I felt that aonr had there bem an uhibitioa ·more patoat to this world of tho height, depth, breadth and atrongth of British liberty then the sight of tho bon. Member delivering that speech iD the British BODOO of Oommono. There ia only one word more that I want to 11&1 abont liberty. 'When I want information ahont liberty iD Ruosia I ohall 10 to ~. and not to tho hon. Membor.

I am afraid that, to a oortoin utont, at thia atogo of the Dohato, 1 muot repaat and ro-omphasill8 oome things that have boon . aald alraady, but I think they ohould be presented clearly to this Houoo In tho last spoooh made on tho subjoot of the appointment of tho Commiaalon, 'What baa been oriticised in this House has been leaa tho Commission itself than the form of tho Commission-tho form in which tho Government intentione were stated. For that we hove been blamed. In Inclia, where tho mia­underatandina was areater, and, I think, was genninely ~Teater, the Vic81'07'& annonncemont gave a full statement of tho policy embodied in the pro­cedure, and if that procedure in that statement waa not reduced iDto more close and definite terms, the very reason of that was the rea~on indicated by the right hon. Gentleman the Leader of the Opposition, which ia, the nooeasity of leaving the Commiaaion itaelf ae fne a hand aa poooibl& until they arrived on the spot. Tberoforo, we are only giving the fram&o work, and within thet framework the Commission are left fne. They oan pursue aa many Of the lines of procedure, which have boon auggaatad to-dey, u aeem to them on oonsideration wise and praoticable, only pro­vicling that such proeecluro is within the framework and cloeo not projudioo

_ the responsibility, and the ultimate responsibility, of this Parliament. I do not know whether it ia neceell8ry to ooy thia, but I think perhapa,

after aomo oboervations whioh have been made in thia HoDII8, It may be as woJJ that I ohonld eay this: Let Indians diamiso from thair minda any thought of inferiority. They will be approaohed aa friend& and as equal!, but thi reaponaibility of Parliament re:maias, ad no procedure which suggests that that roeponaibility can be formally ohared with repre­aentativos of another Parliament will really advance the inquiry. Bat, subjoot onl;r to that proviso, we can, and do, identify ourselves with th& alosing wordP of the Leader of the Opposition. That thoro ohould haV& been any m!Runderstanding ia particularly regrettable, booauso it baa led to premature NJeot!on of the propoaala by diatingniahed. atataemon in India.

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425

•ho have · :worked and oo-operated with tho GovarDI!lent during .S>me vary dillicnlt. 78&1'8 · aiDce the reforms fiJIIt CIODle ill to foroa. • ~

We ngard the sch"""' aa the meat elfaotive meona of aetiefyinc the proper ambition of onoh men tO take paJ"t ·ill the settlem011t 1lf the oon­stitutionol fotora <>f India, and I taka thia opportunity. of· 1181llriDg them that Ria Majaaty's Govarlllllont oamestly desire that their opinion, and tho opinion of ovary man of goodwill; .Indian or British, •who hao any­thing to oontributo to the vary difficult problem of India's futora, ohall bo accoaaible to the Commission and shoJI be givan tho fullest weight In thair ooncluaions. Tho Debate ·baa 'llhown · the azf:roma dillicnlty of the preliminary CJllOition of· daeidillc how boB the -t problem oould bo brought· into focus for the deciaion of Parliamat. .lt the riak of repetition, I desire to ramilld the Honoo that procedure by invaatigating Commiooion is i111poaed upon 'us by .A.ot .of Parliament, aud, 10 far u we are conaerned, any other method io out. of court. The Act impooes a great duty upon: uo. In order to discharge that duty ... have a duty to oun,lve~, and we muat inform ourselvea of 'the facto before attempting to .oome to • deoiaion. · 'There muot bo few· Membore who took part ill the Nforma ill Parliameilt ill 1909 who fo.lli 'raaliee all that waa implied ill that .lot and the raepo.Wbility that would 'lie in later yeara on Parliament. On tho p....,t oooaoion, ·it ia· mora than ever our duty to make· eura that 1'&1'­Hament, · and •ovary party in Parliament, shall bava firet.hond knowledge from ita repraaentativea of the weighty matllin that it ia going to deoicle when the time comes .. - '

I ·lay etr- on one part ~f the schem~ on which ·not vary · muoh boa boon oaid to-day. Whon the Commission baa reported, but before ParHa.­ment. ia committed in any way to ito recommendations or to the Govern­ment view u- . them, we oontomplato that the. maiD CJ1181tiona for aattle­ment shall be referred to a .Joint Committee . of Parliament, and that the Indian Legialatcir8 ohall hava an opportunity,, by meana of deleptiona, of examining the propoaels and of diacnssing them thoroughly with thia .Joint Committee. The Secretory of State for India,. ill a epeeoh ill another plaoe, aaid: .

"Tho Indian people will ill thia way bo given All opporimlity of t.aking part in the framiDg of their Constitution whioh baa nevar boon pven in the whole of bietory to 11117 peopJea in a aimilar pooltinu." •

Thit ill itaelf oomplately refotae tho enggeation that the scheme helittlao the~ right and· the capacity of Indian: etatasmen to contribute to the oolu­tion of the groat queation "at ieeue. The Commilllion boa boon oh-11, ao to part. ·of it, from membora. who ahara in our daily work. On thia point, I do not think that I oan do hotter than read to the Houae the brief statement made by my right bon. and learned Friend who ia coing to be chairman of this body, a atatemen~ whioh hao already appeared in the Pre., but whioh, I think, Ia worth readinc to the Route of Oommone. In a letter to hit oonetituente, be oaid :-

" The Britioh Parliament baa a tremendoue .-po~~~~'bility to the peoplee of India. It ia a respoiiSibility whioh oannolo be denied or evadod, for it ia rooted ill history and ill tho facts of the world to-day, U, therefore,

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the future of India u to be one of peaceful PJ'OINII_.. aU men of good will, both in India and in Britain, intaDSely duire-thia can come .about onl7 b:r the aotion of the British Parliament. combined with the ..,..,peration of India itaelf. Both theee 'are provided for b:r tba ocbeme <>f inveetigation and consultation, of which the work of the Oommiaaion ia the first etage. The Commission . doee not go to India,- with an:r .idea <>f impoeing Wutarn idees or constitutional fonna from without: we go to lUten, to learn, and foithfull:r to report onr conclaaiona as to aotaal co• -ditione and var;riq proposals from within. When the O<>mmi•aiml baa reported, the ocbame providee for that full and final iCOnaaltatioa he-11 repreaeatati- of the Legialatnree of India and Britain which u the -tiel oonditioa which ahoald he fulfilled before reaehiDg the deciaioa OD which so mDeh depends."

I woald ..U ;rnr alitelltioD to theee laat; WDrde:

" Th~ taok of the Cmnmiaaion ..U. for the highest q11~1iti~ of -path:r and imagination, as well u for endle111 patience, strict impartiality, in­-duatr:r and courage. I eater upon ID7 part in thU duty lntaneel;r deeirin1< to be of what eervice I can to India and to Britain, and, while I am deepl:r eonacioua of 1Df own lhortcominga, I am going to do 1D7 belf;." ~ .

That u the spirit in which this taak u being undertake.i, and perhape it makes the- beat prefoca to the briet reply I muat. give to the -two or three qnutiona which have beea asked. The bon. Member for Weet Leioeatar (Mr. Pethick-Lawreace) wished to know, "Ie it pouible under the G<Jv. ernment scheme for persona not members of the Indian Legislature to he includad in the Committae to meet the Commiuion, b:r co-optation or ~therwiseP" The anawer to that is that we have no intention of dictating to the Indian Aaaembl;r how they should do their owa buoineaa. Whn~ -ever ia within their power, whatever they can do by their own Standing Qrdera, or, if tbe:r think &t, by altering thoee Standing Orders, they are at liberty to do it. Then there was the question as to whether womea would he included among the export ad-rieera. I think · I caa leave that <JUeetioD with the warda of the right han. and learned Member for Spen Valle:r (Sir J. Simon) in onr ears at this momeat. Tha:r have complete freednm to take the heat meano which tbe;r CODaider possible to attain "their enda. Tha &rat answer I have givea reaiJ:r anowera tbe qDOOtion put to me bJ' the han. Membor for ....., ud Bromley (Mr. Lanobur;r) who baa jnat spoken. I ca- 1111¥ what the &rat procaedinp of the CmpmiJ. 11ion will be in India, how soon the Iadian Legiolature will have appointed ~hoir Cammittae, ancl whether it will he there when the Oommiaaion &rat arrivea, nor can I aay what steps they will take because they are perfectly free to make their own arrangements. ·

I will onl:r aa;r this, in conclusion. When I began I said that I thought the tone of the Rouse realised the gravity of the matter which we hnd in band. It is indeed an unprecedented path that we are walking upon. No similar path haa ever been explored by any Government or any body -of men before. I rely, aa I am sure all of us do in all· parts of the '!!ouae, fot' auoceaa to be aehieved, on that instinetive aenBe of justice which lB planted deop In the bearta of every Briton. Tbe Leader of the Oppo-

-127

oition apoke quite truly of the _,. in which we do our won on Parlia­mentary Oommi- wh.., we aN nm~.oved from the immediate 0011tnwenial IU'8IlL The Englishman, the Briton owing to hia traininc, hia character. his history hu one rare gift-end I do - alwayo praise ounel-he hu thet ·rare gift that when he .finds himself acting in a j1ulioiaJ oapocity he can bring IU! unbiased mind to tho discharge o~ his dutiu, and diBIOCiate himself .from all tho external paraphernalia of oontroveray, in whlob wtt take 10 muoh delight on the Floor of this Chamber. I have faith that this Commiesion ohoaon frod! typical Members among ounolvoo will dioohargtt ito dutioa with that high oourage and aonse of rooponaibility whioh we look for whOil our oountrymen are ahowing what they are oapable of. It wu Milton who aaid many years ago in very stronuona daye :

" When God -nto • hard thing done, he tells it to his Enalilhmen." . No harder thing hoa ever been told to Engliahmln than hu been told to 1111 in thia matter. But we ahall do it irith oourage, with faith, with &t!eugth, and with hope.

Queotion put, and !'gr&Od to. · Reoolved,. " That this Honaa ooiiC8rna in the eubmiosion to llW lllajoaty of th& namea

of the folloWing persona, ua.moly, Sir Jolm Simon, Viacount Bnrnham, Lord Strethoona.and Mount Royal, :Mr. Cadogan, llr. Walah, Colonol Lane­Fu, and Major Attlee to act u a Oommiosion for the p..._ of Seotioa 84A of tho ~t of India .lat."

APPENDIX I (a),

Letter from the Chairmaa of the Indian Statatorr Commission to Hie ucellency the Viceroy and Governor-Ceo~

INDIAN STATUTORY COllMISSION • •

6111. .J'ebnlmll 1918. Yon ExUKLiiBifft',

In ;your speech to the Central Legislature Qll Thunday you laid renewed emphasis on the " full di8cretion aa to methoda " which has frum the beginaing been left in the. banda of the Indian Statutory Commission; and I myself, aa Chairman, on landing in India nut day, authorised tha iaaue of a statement on behalf of the Commiuion, that it hoped without delaoy to &DDOQIIOI the line of prooedure which it would propoee to follow. EvidlllCa &CC1UIIulatea that thJoughout India there is much UllOIIrtr.inty aa to the manner in which we may be espected to ........,;.a our fuDatioDa, and even ooDBiderable miaunderatancling as to what we oonceiw thoee func­tiona to he; while-amidet many meoaagea of weloome and enoouragement­we note that speeches are being made and reaolutiona psaaed which are baaed on a complete, though doubtless genuine, miaaonaeption of our inten­tions. It ia my plain duty, therefore, aa Chairman to set out fotthwith the true position as we regard it, and, since on thia preliminary visit thera is not likely to be any formal sitting of the Commission when the statement could he made, I venture to addrau this letter to your Escellenoy.

We nndentand that the Governmen~ of India and the Local Govern­menta have been engaged for aome time paat in -aring the metarial which they might put befora the Commiaaion. We haw not seen th­d0CD11181lta and do not know how far they may ooDBiat of matters of faot and how fu of mattero of opiDion, or whether the;y deal with past events or with auggeationa for the future. But whatever the;y are, instead of dealina with them by ourselves, we wish to propose that they, and the evidence given in explanation or amplification of them, should come before a cc Joint Free Conference u. over ...,hich I should preaide1 consisting of the seven British CommiBBionera and a corresponding body of repraaentativea choaen by the lndi&ll Legialeturea (just as we oureelvea haw been ohOBen by the British Parliament). ,

We put forward the plan of a " Joint Free Conference " not only beoanae we should welcome the 8lllliatance of ooUeagnea from the Indian Legialetnrea, hut beoanae we think it is onl;y right and fair, and in the truest interests of India and Britain alike, -that opportunity &hould be provided for such memoranda and testimon7 to be acrutinized. and, if D.tcellary, elucidated from the Indian side on free and equal terma. We auueat therefore that the two Houaeo of the Central Legialature &hould iD due oourae be invited to choose from their non-oflicial memben a Joint Committee, which might oonvan.ientl,y he aeven in number, and that each

( 4118 )

r.-1 Legislative Connoil should be asked to constitute a oimilar bod7. The · Indian oidO' of tho Conference would coDSist, when Central anbjooto ·wore being dealt with, of thooe 1irot named; in a Pronnco, tho Indian wing would primaril,y ocDSist of tho Pronncial. membero, but, in order thot tho Central Joint Committee may not have a partial new of tho matoriol put before it, we lhould bo glad if arrangement. ocnlcl be arrived at which would enable ito members; or oomo of them, to be preoont as an additional element at pronnciaJ oittingo.

We haft no wilh ·to dictate the oompoeitioa of the Indi&D wing of the Coafereaoo in more detail, and we lhonld greatly prefer that the precioe acheme lhoulcl be reached by agreemeali between the clliferent elementa in India oonoorned.' Our main objecli will be mn eo long aa tho ..._ mont ia one which eecuroo thali the ·Jiulian side of ·the Joint Conference inolndeo, on appropriata oocasiono, ·thooe who are able to apeak for the Pronncial ConnoiJa jnat aa tha Joint Commilitae would epeak for the Central Legialatnre, and ao ·long aa the members reproaentiq India llittinc with ua do noli amonnli 1io an liD~ nnmber, We 11111111118 of oonrao that, jnat aa we .,....._ are a bod7 ao1eoled from all Britilh partioo and botlf BoUIOO of Parliament, 10 onr .Indian oonnterpart would be, eo far aa may be, truly repreoontativa.

Two mattars remain .. be dealt with-the qnootion of endenoo other than that abOft referred lio, and the question of Report.. I wiah to den! candidly and .. olearly with both. ,

Some of '111 haft had conaidorable experience of tho method of .Joint Coaferenoo ·1111 applied both to industrial ond political qnaot.iono, and it io quite olear 1io no that each side of the Conference will require, from time .. time, .to moot by itoolf. We ... DO roaoon, however, why mdence

. from publio and .roprooontative bodieo, and from indioiclualo, lhould not IIOrmally ,be FVOD to the Conference ao a whole, jnat U endence preoentod by or on behalf of the variono Govommenta woulcl be. If a - arioeo when this pneral ·plan cannot he followed, I should make no aoorot of it, and liboulcl aak...,. oo~ in the.Joinli Free Conference, when, ao I hope, they Iaarn 1io have faith in ...,. oonoe of faimeoo, 1io accept from me auch aocouat of the- matter u I caD giwe them ou behalf of the Ocmmriuion. with dna rocard 1io the reaaon why tha teotimony haa bean ooparately ......;ved. I imagine that the lndiaD llida may lind ooouiono when they would think it wall 1io act in the oame way.

As regards the Report, ili ia, I feel, neceooary to reototo tha true fnnc.. tion of the Commiooion and ita place in the genaral ocheme which yon announced last November. The Commisaion is in no 'lanse an :iDitrllmeut either of tho Government of India or of the British Government, but entero on the duty laid upon it by the King Emperor oo a ocmplett-Iv independent and unfetterocl body ocmpooed of Members of Parliament who approach Indian legiolatoro aa oolleaguea. It ia not an executive or legislating bod7, authorised to pronounce decisions about the future pvel'll!lllnt of India. Before thooe dooilliona oan be reached, the foil proceoo, of which tbe prooent invaotigation ia a 1irot atop, mnot be completed, inclndinc the opportunity for the newo of tbe Indian Legislature, amongot otber bodioo, being pre­aonted by delegationo in London to the Joint Parliamentary Committee.

The present CoJDI!liuion is onl7 anthorised to report ancl make rtCOm­mendatiou and ill this Report we desire to include a faithful aooount of tho op;;u..._ end aopirationa prevalent ill India, and of tho .eonorete­propoeals for ooutitutional rofOrm ao far aa th- are put before 111. The British Commialion- therefore, are bound to he aolel7 'reeponaible for the atatement of the eJfect upon their oWD millde of the inveetigation BB·

a whole. We. shall report to the authorit7 b:r which we have been aon­atituted just aa (if the Conference is eot up). the Joint Committ&B would, we preeume, he entitled to report ito conclusiona to the Central Legialatare.. It is olmona that those dooomiento should ·he prepared and 1>reeouted aimultaneoual:r. There aro wall lmOWD conatitutionaL meana by whioh the· document omanatina; from tho Joint !Committee and preeented to the­Central Legislature oan be forwarded to and made available for the British Parliament. Bnt, if tho Indian Joint Committe& would prefer it, we would make ito ltepon an annexe to cnar ...,. document, so. that both -mi&ht b& preeented to the Kin11 Emperor, and made publio, at the oame moment ••

.Above all, I would urge that one of the merits of tho method of Join!> Elonferenes is that, besidee aeonring dv recognition of equal atatua, il> providee the oppertunitT for that free exchange of Tiowa and mutual inflnenoa which are beet caJeulated to promote the ·largall> -ure of" agreement that is poaaiblo. ·

Our preaent visit is preliminary &nd tho eittingo· of. tho Joint Free­Conference, if it is eet up, would not bollill till October. But we m&ke­puhlio our ~ione a.t once, nut oD17 in order to olear the air, but ill ord&r to show ounelvee &vailable for an:r ooaference about an:r mattora of prooeduro which this atatomont dooe not adequatel;y aovor. · Tho Commialion is, of couree, hound to carry thrOilllh ita task in any event and diachorgo to the fn11 the dut7 cut upon it, but we nre undOI'­takinll thia dut7 oDl7 after having made it known. theti the method of ~boratiuu on honourable and equal torma ;. ·- and that we put. 1t forward in an ainoerity and good will. We will on1;y add that in making ~heae propoaala we are confident that we are corrootl;r illtarpretin11 the mtent1ona of the Britiah Padiament. .

Tbe carr;rillg out nf our propcoala will require, at a later date, tha.t the Council of State, the Legislative .Aaembl;r, and the Local Logiolative Cenncila should be moved to e1eot their JOOpreeontativee who would take­part in the Joint Conference, and tho Commission will be glad if tho Governm~nt of India will take 111ch atepa aa aee.m appropriate for t)l;.. purpose m due coune~

.I have the honour to be,

Your Ez.cellenoy'a obedient .. "antr

(Sd.) JOHN SIMON..

APPENDIX B.

The National Demand. "That for the· original Resolution the following be aubotitutod: 'Thia A.uemb~T. while OOI!fuming and reiterating the. d81DA11cl aontainld

m the Resolution paaaod by it on the 18th February ~924, recommencla to the Governor General in Council that 'he be pleaeed to take immediate •tepa ·*«~ 11109'8 .Bis Majeat,.'a Government to make a declaration in Parlia-· IIIIDt eJDboclJiug the following fundalllantal changea in the pnaaDt aonati­tutional machinery and adminiatration of India:

(<~) Tha RavanDII of Iudia and all propllli,- ..-ci in v arioiDa ar­IICCrUiDc from pro.....V or righlll vaated in Bia MaiaatJ DDdar the ·Govarnaumt .of India Aot, 1868, or the pnaaDl Aot or reeei...ct b;r the Secretar:r of State in Coancil DDder an;r of the oaid Acta ahall baranftar .... t in the Governor Ganaral in iCounoil for the purpoaea of the Govarnaumt of Iudia. .•

(!») Tha Governor General in Coancil ahall be nopouibje to the Iudian Legialatnre and mbject to ouch reaponaibilit:r ahall have th& power to aontrol the expenditure of the Ravmuea of India and make ouch grants and appropriation& of an:r part of thcaa· Revenues or of any other property as is at preaeut 'llD.der· the aontrol or diapoaal of the Secretar:y of State for India in Counoil, aave and except tho following which ahall for a heel tarm of :yaara remain under the control of the. Sooreter:y o! State for India:

(j) Expenditure on the Militar:y Sorvicea up to • hod limit. (ii) Ezpancliture oloaaed aa political and foreiiJl.

(iii) The pa:rment of all debto and liabilitiee hitherto lawfull:r con­trectad and incurred by the Secreter:y of State for India in. Counoil on .ccount of the GoverniiiiDt of ludia.

(c) Tha Counoil of the Secreter:y of State for India shell be aboliahed' and the pOOtion and funotiona of the Secreter:y of State for India ahall be aaaimilated to thoeo of the Secretary of Stat& for the aelf..governiug Dominiona aave u otbarwiae previdell iD olaaae (I>).

(tJ) The Indian .Army &ball be D&tionalioed within a reuonab~T abort and definite period of time and Indiona ahall be admitted far I8ITice in all arms of defence and for that purpaaa, the Oov• ernor General and tha Commander-in-Ohio£ ahall be ualotect b:y a llfiniatar responsible to the A.ssomb~T.

(I) The Central and Provincial Legislatures ahall aonaiat entirel;r of memben eleated by constituencies formed on 11 wide a fr&DOhile­aa poaaible.

(/) Tho principle of reaponsibilit;r to tho LogiJ!ature lhall be iDtr~ duced in all branch• of tho adminiatration of tha Central

( 491 )

Gcrrermnent subject to transitional reservation• and residuary poW'818 iu the Governor General iu ""'Pd of the control of Militar,. and Foreign •antl Political atfairo for a &zed term of~: . .

Provided that during ·the &aid &zed term the propoaala of tha Governor General iu Council for the appropriation of aJ17 1'9Y8Jlue or lllOD8f& for military or other espenditure claooi!ed aa • Defence • ahaJl ba oubmittod to the vota of the Lqillatura; but that the Governor General iu Council shall have power, notwithotancliug the· vota of the Aaembly, to appropriate up to a &zed maximum -IUQ' IUDl he- may couider ,_ry for ouch ezponditura aad iu tho e>ent of a war to authorilo ·ouch expenditure ao may ba conoidored noce~~ary · ·exooodiua: the maximum ao hod. · .,

(g) Tho preoont ayatom of Dyarchy iu the Proviucu shall ba aboliehed and replaced by Unitary lind AutonomoDB lteaponoiblo Gov· ornmonto subject to tho general eontrol and residuary powora of ·tho Oontral Government iu iutor-pro'l'inoial and all-India matters. .·

(h) Tho Indian Logislatura shall, after tho osplry of the bod term of yearo referred to iu clauoeo (b) and (f)> hove full powers to make muCh amondmento iu tho eonatitulion of India from

· time to time ao may ap_,. to it DeMeaory or deoirahla.

Thio Aaembl,y forther recommendo to tho Governor General iu Council Chat JI00080al7 otepa hto token:

(ca) to oonatitute iu conoultation with the Lqialative Aooomhl,y a con'I'ODtion, round table conference or other ·anitable ageDCJ

. adoqnatol,y ropreoentative of all Indian, European •nd Anglo­Indian intareota to frame with due regard to ·the intareoto of minoritieo a detailed achome baoed on the above prinoipleo, after making ouch iuquiry as may ba n""""""l'Y iu thio bahalf;

(b) to plano the aaid acholll8 for approval before tho Lajlialativo Aaoombly and submit the same to tho British Parliament to be embodie<l in a Statute.' u

APPENDIX m. Representative Family and Singlemen's Budgets.

R_lali .. F....U,. ud s;.,.J-•'• Bacloeto w t-(1)-W .. ._ ill c.- Millo, (2)-SpillaOflla c.- Millo, (3) ,-Deck Laboann, (4)--Fitten ia ED,riaeeriac ladwtrioo, (5)-MIIIIicipol Sca..,.ron.

(~ • ..,.,.. act6 ..,_.. •• , 111t11.- .1,..0 n».,.. HB~INfiiMI ~- ... ,,.. ~ apNJ ,..,..., •• ,.,... hlllfhJ

WMMn OD JDjlomta of Bphllllrll oa JDDDIDII of

a.. 40 and INlow Ba. 10 aDd below .a..tou4·btlow BL 80 ud below Ba. 40 and below B1. IOatld below ...... ...... Ba.70. ...... ... ... a .. eo .

~~jj • d

J f l Amo .. L ttl3:; AmoaaL ~ A..oloiUit.. • A.ruOWIL Amount.• Amout. Jf

J ~sj£ B SJ! : ! ! -

'runtY BUDG2T. ••• a. p. lta. a. p. ' Rs. a. p. Bs. a. P• Bl. a. p, B .. a, P.-

JIODt.WJ IDOODHI . . .... .. . .. • 0 .. 0 • .. 0. ~

.. • 0 ... .. 0 • - - . 'F expenditure on t-

ood • • • t4 •• .... .. 0 • •n 28 t• 8 18'0 .... 0 18'8 •• 8 0 11'8 " • • .... J"uel udllghdzur • . 8 • 0 ... ... 0 1'1 • 0 • ... I II 0 ••• a • 0 . .. I • 0 , .. Clo&hlrtl' • ' • •• 0 to·J • 8 0 ... •t• 0 "" I I 0 ••• • 0 • ... • • 0 8'8 Bou~~&-rtnt , • • 0 0 •• • • 0 ••• 4 II 0 • •• • • • o·e • 0 0 • •• • 0 0 ••• GonMDt.lonaiJuan. . •• 0 10'1! • 8 " ll'li ill 0 u·a I o 0 ••• •• 0 10•8 • ' 0 U'l Jntered OD di1U . 0 I 0 ... 011 0 1'8 0 )I • 1'1

t'''a -a., 0 I 0 ••• ;··o "7·• Otber Items I 0 0 ... Ill 0 ,.., • 8 0 ,., 0 1 10 0 ... 0 Tobll mootb)J upindttlirt : ts II 8 100'0 " 16 6 too·o 0011 • lGG'O .. • • . .... " • 0 1001) " a e 100'0

Baknoe cd' IHoml ·-BJ:pea41-• 0 • ... I 1 8 . .. .... . .. ....... 0 - 1 • 0 ... • ' a ... -IJBIJL. KAM'B BO'D&BT.

MODW,fuoome , • 411 • • ... • • • • ... . .. ... • 0 .. 0 .• - - ~ ._:.:.:......

'hod ftli'D~ on a:- 1111 • 11"1 18 • • .. .. ... ·- 10 0 0 .... 11 ••• ... ... . .. LIR"h\laf. • ,. • 8 • . .. • • • ••• ::·. -

... 111

t I 0 ... - . .. Clothing • • 8 • • •• • • 0 .. ... • '7'1 L 1' I • •• . .. . .. Bonae-rtnt , • Jll 0 ... • 0 • • •• ·- .-.. 1 • 0 ••• 1 I 0 C'll .... CohYentiOIJal luarfel . I I 0 .... , 0 • %1'1 • • • 11'1 , 0 0 .. .. -..... ... ·- ... ·-lnt.rellt on deb~ • 0 0 ••• s'"o •·g.s ... ... I 0 0 60 1 • • ••• "' .. . 0\ber Items , • , I 8 0 ••• • ... "' I 0 • •o I 8 0 ••• ...

'l"olaJ monU.)f apendlture • · .. I 0 100'0 ••• 0 1tl0'0 .... 0 1tl0'0 10 I I 100'0 ...

Jtaranot of Inoome O'flr lzpnc!f.. 11 0 0 ID f .. -· -· ...

""' ... 0 ... .. . . .. ,., • ... 11 , ' ... '" '"

-

Dook Laboaren oa lnGOmtt of · Plt&tn on IDIIOIDII of llunlolfal .otea•enrm on neomsol

kSOandllekw .... 40ndbelow ... 10 • .,. below fl ........... .......... llelow ...... ••.JO. ...... ... '10. ......

f : '. I J

& -· f -~ ·-~ ·- ·- Jl 0

~ ~ ~ .. -"fiJllLT liUDGft,

·~ .. p • ... .. p • Dl; .. p. ... .. p. 1lo. .. p. JlonthJJiaoome .. • • ... .. 0 • ... .. 8 0 .•••· 81 • .o .. . .. 0 0 .. . ··~~oar:- - - - -.

se·s' .. " 8 81'11 "' , • Qll'l • • 0 .... II· • 8 116'8 II , 0 hel and llBhtb:lr I , • ••• • I 0 ''I • 0 0 ... • • 0 , .. 8 1 0 .... Clothlttr • . • ' • ... • 8 n 8'0 a 8 0 ti'O a 8 • ... ' 0 • 10'1 UoU&orent; . • 11 • , .. I II 0 ... • • • 8'0 • 8 • ... 0 .. 0 ... CoJJ:Imou Juarli. . I oll 0 10'0 I • 0 .... • 8 0 ... I 0 0 a·8 I 0 0 1!11 (hkcm OD debt. . . 1 0 • 1'1 1 • • 1'1 I • • ... I 0 0 ••• I • 0 ••• tMohtr twrn1 I • 0

·~ 1 II 0 1'0 I 0 • ... • 0 0 , .. 1 " 0 • •• · Total monthf1 n:piadth.re : ., ' • 100'0 .. II • loo·o .. I 0 100'0 .. II • 100'0 •• II • 100'0 Dalarot o1 .ln0o101 oter Kzpd• -· ' • ... • 0 • . .. I • 0 • I • ... • I 0 ....... • 1 .....

8JIIGLI KAR"8 1IU'DGBT.

KonthlJ' lneome . .. 0 0 ... .. 0 0 ... ...... .. . .. 0 0 . .... (o) 18 0 0 .. . , tspeDaltu. OD 1- - - -""" . . . 10 • 0 .... " 0 0 ....

000000 ... 10 0 0 11'0 ·II • 0 .. .• Ll«l\t.lnwr . i'"i'• "j•l l'"'o "i•r ..... 0 ... 0 • 0 1'1 cu .. ;., Clo\hlnr • • 0 0 ...... ... I • • ••• I Hoalforent , I 0 0 1'1 I 0 0 ••• ...... ... • 0 0 ,., 0 a • •. , Cornmo• lo.nrl• . . • • • 10'0 • 8 0 ll'f . ..... ... • 0 0 .... • • 0 17'0 IDt.erm OD ...... . 1 0 0 ••• 1 • 0 ... .. ... ... ..... 'ii'l 0 II 0 ••• (IUitr ltemJ; 0 0 • 1 0 • ... • 0 0 ••• ...... ... • 0 • 0 0 1'1 TotalmonthlJ expenditure • .. • • 100'0 .. 0 0 100'0 ..... ... ID • ' 100'0 .. • • 100'0 Delanol ot lneome Dftr KsptQo • 10 0 ... 11 0 • ... - ...... .. . II II • ... I 0 0 ... dltwt,

(•) Income belcnr a.. 10.

APPENDIX IV.

INDIA'S PAII.LIAMENT.

EI.mr10111 c. NoVBJIBIIB, 1926;

u-~- L>toer cTaamb .... · (OollllCil of State.) (Logialative .&.embl,y.)

Five-year term.

rresident: Sir Henry Moncrief! Smith (Nominated b:y Viceroy).

Repreeentation.

Eleoted' • . •• 34 Nominated , • • 26

(Olliciala-18, othel'll--8,)

Total • • • • • • ·eo Date of nut electiona ~rtain, as

in 1928 a statutory counniuion, headed b:y Sir John Simon, will reconsider Indian Constitution.

Three-year Term.

Preeident: V. J. Patel (Swarejist) •.

. Partiee.

Swarajiat 40 Natlonaliat · • • • 20 Muslim centre' · part:y and

non-part:y · 17 lndepandenla • 16 Europeana • • • , • 10 Nominated • · • • ' • 41

(Ollicial-26, othera-15.) Total • • . 144

Parlv -hoaramm.. and Leado1-" The pam• <If ·India fall namo.Jq into t.wo main olaaeaa, thooe which

snpport the o .... l'DJDODt and tho. which do """· Their important clilfaro' encee lie in the methods which the:y advooato in obatrncting or in h8taining the conatituted authoritiea. , Sw.uunar: The Swarajista are oppoaed to the pr01ent CODititntlon. The:y queation the right of ParlilloiiiODt to determine farther atagea of advance, and deaire to attain Swaraj or Home Rule b:y obstructing to such an extent ae to make the working of the praaant oonstitntion impca~'ble..

Leadera: Panclit Moti La! Nehru, Brinivaea l7engar. . NA1'101f.uaar Pan: The Nationalisla regard D:yarch:y ae 'IIJlworbbla lmfl tbeir polie:r ia not total B1lpport of the Govel'IUDent. They desire to attain Swaraj or Home Rule as earl,y ae poBBible but onl,y by constitutional meBDL

Leaders : Pandft Madan Mohan Malavi:ya, Lola Lajpat Bal. Noa-Pan:: .U the name alguiliee thase members aave 11011 formed an:y partioolar party and ....to on aach matter ae the:y liJre-.toometim with and aometimee apinst the Govarnment. llmmommiiNTo : Tba lndepandenla clooire progreoa but the:y do not belilmt in collllistent obatrnction. Sometimes they B1lpport the Government, aome-runes they oppoae it. ·

Leadar : M. A. Jiuuah. EOOHOXa: Tba Europeana believe in ataady orderl:y prognoa and puarall,y oupport the Gonmmen\. .

( U6 )

:1.37

:r-der: Sir D'A.rcy Lilldsa)'. lfOJmr.&TD i .The IIOIIliuated membora heve no cle&nite programma, They ....,. DOJJJinated to -..re the repreoeDtation of partiCIIIar intereota. The o8ioiala natura!J7 oappori the Gooenlmtmt. Tholig'b the majority of the others anpport the Government, .on certain questions aome of them take up Bit independent line of their own and vote with one of the popular partiee.

Lender 1 Sir Basil Blackett (Leader of the Bouse, Finance Member of Council). ll1111LI11 P.&ll.ft •··· The Maalim Centre Party ;, CODII8l'Vative in ontlook and ia pledged to national P"- to Bome Rule which shall include fall aef&. guards for the elristing righte and privilege. of the Mualim community and reaaonahle opportunity fur their continued development in the future.

IND~X . .

A

Abduction of three Hindu bo~ from Karachi • 2!!8

Abolition of alavory 289, 290 Acciden-

in factori• in lfinea . . . in Railway workshops on Railways . .

Aot.-Aariculturista LoaDa • Bffiar and Oriaaa Local

lU 140 142

26

7

Self-Government • , 860 Bombay City MUDicipal • . 849 Bombay LOcal Boarda,

11123 • • • • 34Q Chitmgong Port • 197, 198 Co-operative Societies . . 98 Cotton TrBDBport • • 107 Criminal Law Amend-

ment . Emigration • . . Factories, history of the . Government of India,

1919 • • . • Indian Lighthouse • • lndiao Marine; of 1887 • Incljan Mercantile Ship-

(nng • • • • Indian Tariff (Amend-

mentl,_ 1927 • . • Indian Territorial Force . Mines . . Minea and Works Opinm • •

317 1911 316

l9S

202 80'J 144 296 166 819 Polica, of 1861 • •

Mndrns Oity Municipal, of 1919 . • • • 349

Mndraa District :Munici-palities . • • • 349

Steel Industry (Proteo. · tion), 11128 • • • 208

United Provinoea TowDa Areaa, 191' • • 849, 8liO

Usurious Loans 98 Workmen's compensa-

tion . • . • 140 Acworth, Sir William, Com-

mittee . . . . 267, 268 Aden, political and )(ilitary

289 eontrol of • • • • A'¥;3,rnment motion on the

'aniu.tion of the Army . 311 ( .•

Adult.-i>.ooil.

education . . 368, 869 achools for women • • 369

Advisory Council of the League of NatioDI, Boalth ~tion, Eaatorn Bureou • • • • 161

Advisory Cnmmitteao, Rail-WaJ'I. • 118

Aerial-escort m tho King of Afghanistan • • • lighto betwean Europe

iind India • • • route to Karachi • •

814

82 288.

aorrice betwean England · and India • • • 134

Aerodrome at Ga;ya • 134 Aeroplane clubs 1n India 1815 Afgh•m War, tho Third • • ~ Afl!hanistan1 relatione be- ..,.

tween India and • • • ""' Afridia • • • • • • 281 Age of Consent Bill • • 28, 63 Agreementt proviaional, re

Indiana ID South Africa . 291 Agricultnrist.-

91 118 7

income of the • • . Indian, indohtodnooa of • Loans Aot • • • prevalence of preventible

.diseases amongst • welfare of Indian •

Agriou!tural-aDd pastoral pOJ>ulation • Commission aDd Forest

99 181

90

Department • 119 Colleges • • • • 10'J Department, work of the. 101 Implements • • . liS Labourera . • • 91, 133 maso"!', staodard of living

ofme •••• 91 n01Hr8<1it societieo • 376 Production 91 oohonls • • . 10'J aarvico The Indian 101

Ahmedabad, looda in • 7 Air-

)

action against tribeamon •

· Force, Rol'lll • Le~ of India Min11try • •

hostile • 285

318, 314 • 1815

184

A.inhi b!:;; at Oaloutta and Bombay_ • • • 1M ·

baae at Karachi • .• 185 m~te,orolog,y •• , • • 193 M1•oa. Britieh • • 184 route, aarface ohaerva.-

toriea alo~~g, • • • 192 Aiyanpr, Mr. SriD.ivaaa, at

the Unity Conference • SO Alaqnah , • · 321 Alcobolio liqnOIB 185 An-IDcU.-

Conference for Maternity and Child WelfaN •

ConfeNnce of medical re~earch • • •

Co- Committee • Con- Committee,

Bombay • • •

156

99 so 49

DepNOied ct..... con-ference . • . . 63

Muslim League , 23, 61, 62 National Congreoa • 22, 60 Trade Union Con- • 842 Womanta Conference .. 2'1-

All-Parties Conference • U, 815, 86 opposition to the . , · 25

repreaentation of the . • 24 Allison, George • • • M1 .Allot.nent of proriDoialcont.ri-

butions 2(8 .Amanullab KJuU. ' Bii

Majesty King, Viait to India of • • •

Amarvo.ti, Stupo. · , . . .Amondment to Chapter XV

33 87

of the IDdien Ponal Code • • • • 16, 16

.American Oriente! Society • 40 Andhra University • • 152 Announcement by Sir J obn

Simon . . .Ansari, Dr. • Appointment-

71 60

of oiBeera for the iDvNti­gation of Workshop grievances . 178

of the Statutory ·Com: miaaion . 4 • 1, 41, 48 t

A.ra-li near Paricbina • liM Arcbmological _ ·Dopartment, •• i

workofthe . .... o.-1 ·Area irrigated in Tndia . . 126 I Arms Act, disobedience of, in

the Central Provinces . 836 Arm:r Department Demando

for Granto for ~. • . M 1 Aoiatico, ownerab\p of land

b:r,;, Tr-t 296

~perative IJitJVamont 1D. • • • • 380

883 384

Cottage Induatries in Crime !n .. EduoatioD Ul • Floodo iD. •

•• 876

Looa1 Boerda iD Local Option Bill Municipalities in- . . Public Health in •• • B.~ SeU..Qo'lrOI"IUDent

Ill • • • .. .Auamb.,._ .

.Attendanoe in the ; • • · Demand for the appomt­

ment of tho Statutory Commission earlier . ,

B.eaolution in the1 · to boycott the . SIIDOII Oolmniasion ~ . •

Sir John Simon's visit to the • •

Association- . . · British Cotton Growmg •

· Inclian Resenrcb Fund • Attaob' .... , throwing of ali

on Sir BDBII Blncket~ • , • .Attempts to wreok trams . Attitude _of varioua parties

towardo .the Simon flom· DliaaiOD . • •

.Auclit, &eJ>I"'2tion of Aviation m India_ • ., Ayrebire bulla . , . • Azi!llldclin Ahmeab K. 'B. ·

Qa.lli, Dewan of atia.

B

9 856 167 856 862

856

76

70

227 149

11 26

58 275 1M 114

162

Bab:r Week • • 1_!5!_, 158, 859, """

.Beck Bey :feclalllatlon IIChelne, Bombay , • - • • 851

Baker, Sir Herbert • • 33 · Balloon stations, ~ilot . , 193 Balucb tribeo, abolition of alav~ in . 290

BaluolWitan • 287 .Arclueological 'work -. British . IJocusta in

llangaiON • •. •.

86 281!

7 102

Bank- .

~:;;n~ ·---~·~ Banlrero, "Indiau Instdiute

of • • 274

Bankina faoilitieo, provision of • • •

Barcheat, Lieutenant Bareill;r, riot at • . • Baudot system • • • Beam otationa at Xirkee and

Dhond . Benaal-.

PAOB.

l!73 32 10

191

191

crime in . 336 Co-operatift · mov-ent

iu . . •' . cottage induatrioo in Education in ''- ~. Floods in • • • mortalit;r in · ·;· · • • Mllllioip&Jitioo in • Pilot Sitnioe • • , TanDing IDstitute • · · • WoJDen'a edaoatiOD ·

BenRAf'T;,.~ :Railwa:f--. Acto of sabotage on

atrikee ·on the ; . Berar, Monsoon in '. . ·

lf/7 . 381

lf/1 8

. 369 369 196 381

m

l!7 26 7

)Jarha~pore, silk weaving and d;rein~~: lnatitute • . ~

~erseem, cultivation and re-. search . .

Bettiah, riot at Bhagu . . Bhandardara dam BhatuagBI' Bhuuga . • . . Bihar, ArchEological finds

in . . . llihru: aud Ori.-

. eo:operative m-ent JD • • • •

Cot~ induatriea in Education in . . Lep"!'"T in . . .

Ill 10

328 130 180 832

38

3711 882 m S60

Muni01pal Aclminum.,: tion 1.n • . 852.

Police in . . , lo 3391 340 Puhlio Health in • S60 Riots in • • • 10 Toobnical Education in 882 Union Boards in 369

Bill-Age of Consent . · • liS, 63 Olau Areas • • • 996 for the appointment of

Encutive OfBeen m Munioipaljtieo in the Punjab . · • . 850

Gold Standard and Re-18Z'Ve Bank of ·India . 51,

268, 269 l"di!'l' ~?~~ur~l! . , 29

Bill-c011td. Indian Tarif (Cotton

.Yarn Amendment) · • S2 L1quor · • ; . ·299 New Gold Standard and

Reeerve Bank • . to amend the Criminal

Law . , • •

l!7ll

14 to amend the law relating

to Municipalitieo in Bunna • • • • 360

to probibit marriage of tirla balow 111 10&rB of age. ' .. 52,63

tO provide an AIJ..JDdia Medioal Council • . 163

to validate the impoaition · of Raisi;ret Tm< in the Punjab • • • •

Volunteer Polioe • Birdwocd, Sir WiUiam • •

on the Jndianiaation of

360 880 88

tl1e Arm:r • .• 807, 810 on the Skoen Committee'•

Report . 807, 810 Blaokett, Sir Basil . , 611

Achievementa during the term of office of . • 268

on provincial contribu .. tiona . . . 238, m,

252 85 on the Finance Bll\ . · .

on· the General Bud. get • • • 1168, 1167

on the Reoerve Bank Bill • • . 1168

on the Simon Ooimnia. oion Reaolution • . '17

throwing of an attach' oaaeon '17

Board,. Empire

uc!~, firir : Bolabeviam in India Bomba;r-

Market. 1109,1109

• 1911 841 '

All-India Conpeoo Com-mittee • 49

Back-Bay ,..;.lam;.tioD scheme 851

Chawla • • 186 Cotton Industry . I Education in • • lf/0, lfl1 Epidemic diseRiel in . 358 Haffkine Institute • . 11i0 Housing acbeme in . , 851 Indinn · Nationnl Liberal

Federation Labour office . . Labour trouble~ in . PoliO\"

22 189

116 883

Bonemeal u mau:are Border Defenoo , Borrowing operatiou Botan;r1 Foralfl Boycou-

ellecla of tho, of Simon

of~~..;,.· 88 Indian LeRialature • '10

situation, iflDlon Com-mission . . .

Brahmin and nOll-Brahmin eommunitiea . . .

Brn.4J.y s Benjamiua Francia . Britisb-

AiJ:ahip ~, ,

47 843

184 Gmana CommJ•OD

eommendationa : Guiana, Indians in

.... 299,800 • 222

Broodcastin Compan'r,' Indian , commerc1al . • in Iodia • • reoeiver Li08DHB •

Broadway, lllr. luatioe • Brook, lllr. , • . Budgets . Budget-

192 192 192 192 12 88 81

control by tho Legislature over tho • • • 286

fignreo, ftnal financial • 268 genenu disouaaion of the. 88 general • _:..~ • 268, 287 of IIUU'riecl ..,... single

men 184, 135 Railway , • . 81, 88,

258, 262 remission of Provincin.l

contributions in the . 251. aeparation of CK~ntral and

provinoial • • • 243 aeparation of Railway

from Oeneral • 287, 258 speech. eonclusion of Sir

Bnsil Blackett's . , 267 The Indian, and the

Simon Commission .. · 2M Bulls • • • 115

emasculation of , 116 Burglaries 881 Burm~>-

crime in . 339 EdueatiOD. in . . . 374 T~ocal aelf-~ernment in . 81)15 Opium Rmokinp;, in . . 165 Public Health in . : , 861 Rural self-government

in . .. . . . 856 Bl'!'YO releasing Opornticma

m . . . Butler, Bir Harconrt

PAGB.

Cairo-Xarachi Service

Calcn~

c Civil

AD-India Mnslim IAague All-Inclia Mnslim Loaiue

reaolutiona • • • School .of Tropicel Mecli-

oine ond Hygiene • Unity Conference at

Campbelf, Donald • , , · Canal • • • • .

28

149 20

841 126

Cantonment Department of i;he A.rJny • - • • • 312

Capital Expendit111'e . on rai1""78 • • · • • 281

Cattle-breeding • • 114 breedin11, farms 113 4!"uing m Foreeta 119 1DIJ>rovement • 114 in India • · • • • 113 polioe opeciel, etatiotioo • 338 apeci;.\ police • • • 338 theft . . • 821, 322,

988 Cauvery Reservoir . 129 Cawnpore conspiracy oaae of

192& • • . • . 940 Central and Provincial Gov­

ernment relations between the • • • •.

Central Provincea­~erative movement in

the . . · . 879, 380 cottage IndustriM in

tbe . . 882, 883 orime in the . 835 education in the ; 373 Municipal legislation in

the . • • • Municipalities in the .

Public Health in the .

3lll 355 861

Central India Coa18elda · Railway . • . _ 171

Central medical Research Institute • •

Central Road Board • 150 188

Ceylon, Indiana in .• Cbamb&l B:aniar clacoite .• Chambar River .

• 300 884, 325

• 328 Chandauai, school at Chauri-chanra tragedy • • Chari1, Mr. P. C. Desika,

on ue Simon Commisaion .

CbClba~ Mr. 0. B. , • awla, 'Bombay • . .

Cbolmaford Olub, Lord Jnrin'a speeohatthe • , •

176 324

78 30

136

ll

· PAoB. CheJmaford, LadJ, League 156 Chhtndwara · • • • . 155 Chief Inapeator of . Mines,

ReJ>ort of. the . 142, 283144

Chigllaa • • • • • Chitral, abolition of slavery

in 0

Cbittagong 0 0

Churcli of • England in · Inclia • • .. • 28, 28

Cinema ftlma by the Railway Publicity b;partment • 179

Cinema problem in JncU. 81 Cinematc>c;raph-

Ooumiittee • 31 membOI'II of the • 82

Oiril a-riation in IncU. .• 184 rn ... AJeaa Bill • • • 196 Climatio and other oontraata • 89 Clouatoa, Dr. D. • • • • · 101 Coal eto{>pagat etfoct of, OD

galvan11ied all- . . 218 Coal Strik-

efloct on Germau;r , of,. on Inclia • • on Iron and~ on Iron and steel

Industry on Jute prices OD prices .

283 207 234

218 226 212

on the •"Port ot oii seeds • • • • . 2.11

on the United Kingdom's import trade • . . 2.'14

Cooaine • 164 Coimba-

_Im..r.:i:!_ .oane. b~in~ 106 Non-Brahmin Federation

Coin at...;d NotG fo~ng 61

crimea • • . 331 eon-.. ;veterinar;y 117 Commi11nou- ·

An~tl~Af~an, on · J aji-Turi alfain 286

Fiacal • 199 Commiaaiona-

Kinllll and Viceroys • in the Arm'f, grant of

306 S02 295 in Elllt Afnca • • .

on Jndian Education in South Africa • . 298

Royal, on Agriculture . SO Simon, aee Simon

Onmmisaion. to British Guio.na

Committee­CinematoJ!I'apb Central Road • Deck PIVIA8nger

299

Sl 182 1116

Commi~OfltG!. PAQB.

Financial Relations • 244 Imperial Eoonomio • li07 Indian Central Cotton · 287 Inclian Stateo• 291 Railway Ad-riaor;y 173 Retea Ad-riaery 174 Raven • , • • 176 Skeen • • • 303, 80( Standing Emigration · • ll9ll

Commnnal Olectaratea, aboli-tion of • 26

Commnnicntiono • • 168 CommnnicntiODI between vill- .·.,.90

Communism in India • 840, 8« Communist pariodiaalo on

Inclia. 0 0

CommuniaW-ahroa.d 0

in Inclia • • • Comm'!Dit;y conaoionon­Compulsor;y Education • Conference- ·

842 840 46

864

cultivation and consump ... tion of Opium • • · 161

Empire Forestry • • 1.94 Hitidu-Muslim, Vioeroy'f!l

ouggeotion for a. . • 18, 19 Imperial Wor, 1918 • • 293 Joint Free . . . f1 of Muslims nnd Hindus

at Rimln . . . Provincial educational

19

administrators . . 169 .-e the Ol'lt&nintion of the

New Provinr.ial Ser--ricea 0 ; 0 0 846

Conftict on the Peshawar . Border • • • • 286

Congress workinat committee, inetrnctions to . • •

CoDBOiidation of holdings Com<ta.bnlar;y-

Frontier . Police in Sind • • Royal Irioh • • •

Construction of New Railway Linea . .

Contributiona­allotment of, b;y the

Meston Committee • remiSBion of Provincial . standard . . . .

Control over "Transferred n

66 99

284 SIS 819

~2

and 11 Reserved 11 finanoea . J68 Convention for the abolition

of Import and E"!>ort prohibitions . . . 206

Conversion and re-conversion of persons , 110

, PAo•. Conrictiona obtained in oon-·

traventii>n to the FactoriOB Act • • • • 1«

Co-operation, Vi- on , 66 Co-operative Sooioty move-

ment in India • • 876, 878 Co-operative Societies A.et of

1912 • . . • • 98 Co-operativ6 Movement- ' . m Assam . •

in Bengal • • in Bihar and Orissa in Centra} Prorinceo in Madras • • in United Provinceo

880 311

• 312 312,880 878, 877

87S Corruption in Polioe Coot of living ; • • Coot of Civil A.dminiotration •

329 9'1

266 880 · Co~ Industries

in Assam • • • in Bihar and Ori88A in Central Provinces in Madras • • in United Provincea

Cotton­

383 • 882

882,383 381.

• 882 Committees Tecbnola,:i~

oal Laboratory • 107, 108 Cultivation and research 100 Empire grown 22S Exoi&o duty • 1181 Exports of rn.w . ~ 227 Growing Association, ·

eotton marketed b., tbe British •. . Import • • • •

Indian Central 0~ mittea

Indian, 1IBe of·- 1>7 Lancilahire

Indnatey • 22S 182

6 Ind'!Btr7. Bombay • ma!ket-0<1 by the Asao-

mation · • • • 227 Tarilf Bonrd'o Report , 1129

. Textile Industry, Tarilf Board inveatigation into tho • • • 000

pieco,ooda._sbare of tho Umtod Aingdom and Japan in imports of , 217

Tranaport Act . 107 Twist and Yarn, im: · parts of . • • 213

TWist and Yam, United Xingdom'a ahare in the trade of • •

Yarn, oafognarding duty

Connell" of Bbto-' • ' and the Simon Commia-

llion

1114

202

Connell of Stato-confd. · Consideration of Indian

Sandbllr&t Committee'• Report by • • . .• 311

Countarvailing duty 011 im-perio of pig iron .• •

Cows, Montgomery .• . CranweU • • • •

282 114 309

Crawford, Colonel op tho Indianisation of the Army 300

Crorlll", Mr. • . • 331, 845 on the Simon "Commia-

oinn . boJ<:ott · noolu-tion · • • · • 7~ 78

ere .. QBtem "' ticket eheck- · inp · .• 174

Crime • • • • • 821 a case of, in Bhaaal~ur 822 in .Asaam • ,. • 884 in Bengal ~ . · 886 in Bihar and Ori88R "840 in Burma • • 8S9

· in Central ProrinCOB 336 in Delhi 382 in Madras . • • 886 in Punjab • • "386, 387 in United Provinces ' .· SS4 Statistico 382 Stories of 822

crim-bopa banks and com- ·

paniOB . • · • 331 coiulitiona under which,

oan be eommitted -. · 823 invOBtigation of; in tbe

- • • • • 382· Note and coin forging • 331

Criminal-Inveatigall;ion »'Part-

mont& • • · 331 Law Amendment Aot • 17 Law, Bill to Amend the · 14 Tribeo • • • • . 321 the word • • • 824 ~ and Finance, Ro'!"': Commiesion · on

Indian • • • •· 288 Carzon, Lord 282

D

Dacoit-IIIUig in Delhi B......,. ••• Leader, arrOBt of a

Dacoltiea • • • Daooits . • • •

in ]ladbopura • !n ~ainpari :Pistrjct . ' . .

382,333 • 326

828 821 821 828 827 ,.

P.w•. Dacoill>-<onld.

raid. in Fero..,pllr dis-trict • • •· • 823

rounding up of the Chambal Kanjar 824, 326

Dadahhoy, Sir ManeOkji on ~e 8iDlon (bnmjuioa • 78

DIWI • • • • lli6 D~-B~~ana- • 262 Dawindar Siogh, Sall-ln-

opector • , • • • 828 Deaths according to caDI& 358, 859 Debt 8errice • • • 266 Deck P888enger .Committee • 196 Defence Forces, ·Civil • • 288 Defence of Inaia 308 Deforestation 119 Debra Dun-

Forest Research Insti-tute, at • • • 12,1.

Prince of Wal88 ltoyal Indian Mlliteq College • • • l!03

Railway Stall 'College at 177 Delhi- .

Public Health Meetings at New • • • 151

University • 159, 160 Demonstration Traiu . • 180 Demonstrations to boycott

·the Simon Commission . Den:yo Bray1 Sir1 on the

expulsion or Hina01 from the Kb;yber • • •

69

Depl'eiJielf clan """'-"'>. ali-IDdia • 68 education, of • 365, 366 of India and the Simon

Commission . . 77 Deputation on Hio Excel•

len!?' the Vioorof TO IndiaDB in East Africa • 295

Development corporations, work of the · • • 348

Devolution Rulee, The 317 Dhond, Beam Station at 191 Diclrinpon • • . • 334: Direotion of Trade • • 235, 235 Dioeaoee prevalence Of ;pre-

ventible, amongst agnOul-turist • • • •

Di.atreoo • District Boarde . •

in the United P;ovin-C88 • • , 'IVorking of the

Divided heads • • • Divisional Superintendent,

Ru1w- . . • Dominion atatue for IDdia

99 6

846

3M 847 242

170 61

Dulferin­Counteoo of • 1~und Council Mercantile Marine Training ahip

Durand Line • . , 'Da_odap coining conopiracy • Drink trallic amongst D:t!:~ . . . .

l'.wL 164 164 314. 196 278 333

1M

aloobolic 1~ 167 . and Drugs • 1..,.167 Dyarch:y • • 242, 818 · eJfect of, on Indian

Finance SQ Dyea, i'!'porte of ali~~rin~

ana amlino 11211

E

'Eaot Africa, IDdiBUB in Ecoaomi ......

conditions of India . conditiono of tho -le •

c 87

Unity of India • • Education . . .. i69

Adult • • . . 368, 869 Central Advioory Boord

of • . 159 Compuloory . 864 in Agriculture 100 in Assam • • 876 in~ . . 871 in Biluir and Orisoa • 872 ia Bombay 370, 871 in BUrma • • • 87C in Central Provincee • 878 in India 869-366 in Madrao • • 870 in Tribal country 287 in United Provinces 87E Induotrial . • 881 ~ialo.tion for the en ..

l:io.ncement of . 864 llf.oclical • . • 162 of depreoood claoooo a6l; :3d of girla in Bengal • ' 871 ~ of women1a • 863

ndary • • • 866, 867 otatiotico • 869 technical, in iliha; and

Oriua . . . University . . . varioua ntenaures to meet

the want. of . veterin~ . .

Educational Commiaaioner Edwards • • Eight Unit Schome

882 867

868 117 1611 89

801.

446

P.lGB. loJieatrioal maohinecy, im-

porto of • • • 220 Electrification of Railways 175 Eleotora--

Joint 22 separate . • . • 62

l~lephant gr... lll Ew1gration , • • • 291

Committs4!. Standing • 292 Poliq 01 the Indiaa

Gofernment • • 291 Ewpire-F~ Conferenoe • 1M MarketiDg Board • 209, 209

Eng~ Branch, work-iug of the, of the TeJ&. graph DepartmOilt . • 100

Entomo!GgJ, F_. • . 123 Estimates for the financial

year 1928-29 , • . 266 EVidence qneetioo of, heforv

the Simon Commisiioo 71 Excise , • • • . 1611 Executive Council, demand

for w.anta • • • 84 Exhibition- · ,

and Fain, India in • 208 of maternity and child

welfare· • , ,, 157 Expenditure, military 265 Expart,-

af Gunny Bags . 226 of Jute • • 226, 226 of ail seeds • • 231 of opiwo 160, 161 of raw cotton 227 of raw jute • • 226 of tea • • 230, 231 Trade of India • 226

Exports • • • 2ll, 212 and Imports (Su Im-

ports and Exi>orto). dirvction of trade in 226, 236 of fOod grains, pulsM

and llour • • 229, 230 of hides and skins 232 of pieoegoods 228 of raw wool • 232 of tobacco • • . 232 of United Kingdom's

share in the, of Tea 284 of Wheat 230 of Yarns • • • 228

Exported, manufGOtured

E goods, proportion of , . 204

~xpulaion of Hindus-from the Khyber, r .. o-

lution 1'8 , • M from the North-West ·

Frontier Prorinae . 18, U

External-Capital Committee . 'll7i. relations 276

·r. Factories Actr-

=i~nsu:,nder thu , f~ Factori-. . inspected . • ' • 144

stope token to preveo• &<cidenta in • • 143

Fain, India at international . ~

Famina and' .....,it)' 6, 6 Famina lnsurao-

Fond • , .. • 265 Scheme ~ • • • 240

Fawiae Relief Fonds • . • 6 Famine Trust; Indian , People's ' • • • . . 8 Fnqir Muhammad, head con--

stable • • • . 827 Fat Eastern Association or

Tropical M:sdioine •. • 150 Far East Health lnteroban-

ges • • , . • • 151 Fares, reduction hi ~bii-d

class p ... en&er . · 269 Farrell • • · 888 Faujda.r , • 3M Fauldari • • • • . , 3M Federation, National Libel'al 62 Fell"'!"> Group Ceptaia. .• 184 F~ . . · Education • . 28, 263

Educetion in M:adres • 870 Industrial ·eduoatioa. • 881 ......UU.tere in Kurabi-

dabed • . • • 3611 Field, Mrof. '· Jl. Ret,ir., - . . . . Fiji Jslan~ Indians in Ji::;~· . ... ' ...

195 294

84,86

Department1 reaponsibi-hties of tne • • 265

Indian • • • • 288 of the Postal and Tele­

!I"•Phs Department • 100 FinanCial-

powers of the Govern-ment of India under the Reforms •

RefOflno of 1911 . Relations Committee Relations History of 1'08Ulta of the :rear

264 MO 244 238 269

Financial-eontd. Settlement between the

Central and . Provin­cial GovernmOilte

Finances- . of the Central and Pro-

PAG.I.

.. rincial Governments • 242 of the Reeerved ,Depart- ·

mente • • 241, 242 Finger printe • 381 Fire-

Anne, .... of, h;y the . Police • , 326

in Peehewar city • ll87 Fieeal atfain of India 199 Fleteher, Sir Walter · 150 Flood in Oriaaa. • . 8 Flood&-

in Aosam jD B~al m India · • • •

9 8 8

Fokker Monoplane, Big!tt b&-tween OalcUtta lind Serbia 311

Forast-Boton;y • , • • 124 Deportment w~rk of the · 117 Relearch .lllnitnte at

Dobra D11l1 Forests­

a source of benefit ngriculture , .

cattle gramng m . in Modraa • .

Forging, Nota and ooin

120

to us, ll9

• 119 120 381

284 F:rontier­

Oonatebular,: India,a, trade Polic;y

• 286

PJ'Oblemo settlement, LOrd

' ~~ 282, """'

• • . 279 ·0111"

son's . Land • • • •

Fuel 01"!,. imports of ,. • Fond, \iOUDtesa of Dalferin

G

Unndhi, Mr. • . . 'Gon~l> Sinp;h Babadur, Sir,

llfnjor-General Hia Hip­ness Maharaja .

'Gauhnti-Ail-India N atiolial Con­

gress at Te&olution ,.

Unya, A.eroarome rril Geneva-

Hides ·Conference ·.···

282 278 221 164

277

50 61

184

200

447

Genev.....-eontd, International Economic

Conferenoe at Opium conference

Giblett, Mr. M. A. Gold Bullion atnndard , , Gold Standard and Reserve

206 162 184 268

Bonk of India Bill , 61, 268 Gold Standard and Reeerve

Bank Bill, New 272 Goode Traf&c , • 4 Gordon_,_ Miaa o. . . 298 Gonr1 l>ir, Hariaing)a • 153

Age of OoniiiiDt Bill • ll8 Goveniing Board, _proaoaed,

according tn the Stock hoi-= dera acheme • • • 272

Government of India Act, 1919 (Boo Act;), ·

,Government of India Act;, revision of the • • • 4t

Graham, Oolonel J. D. • 161 Grant, nxed aD.Dual, for each

Province , . . • Grey goods1 imports of Grierson, S1r Geoio~JG . Grievances of Indian set-. tiers abroad

Guise, Mr. . . . Guntur Dittrict,_acareit)r in Gupta, Mr. J. Jill, Sen Gwillior , • .

B

239 216 40

293 328

8 20

82/j

Halfkine lnotitnte, Bomba;y 100 Hague Convention, 19ll8 • 100 · Haig, Mr.-

OD tbe releose of politioal prisooen • • • M

on the Simoa Commis-sion . . •

Hailc;y. Sir Malcolm • Hnii, Mr. B. N. • • Haji of Turanpai .

79 42

2'13 2M ll88 Hakim of Obamkanni · • •

Handloom Industr;y, proteo-t.ion of . . . • 200

Harappa, di~~eoveries at 85, 88 Hnrbilaa Sardo, Rai Baheb • 62 Harbour development in

Indi& ~ , • , 197 Hnrtnls on the arri'f'al of

Simon Commission 68, 69 Health-

interchangee . . . 161 officers, appointment of,

in lladru schools Visitors

8S7 • 168

168, 168 T

Henderson, Mr. G. S. Hides-

PAGB. 162

and skins, uporto of • 282 prohibition on the ex-

207 . port of , • • High Commissioner for

India, New India Houae for • • • • •

Hindu-Mohammadan­antagonism • riotinu~i.!".,.. of

Hindu-M • -relatious riots . • •. . riotin.J • • • • question in the All Par-

tiee Conference • queetion and the Simon

Commission Unit:r • • • •

88

49 11

1 824

9

86

79 611

Hindus, upulaion of, from the Kh.vber • • 64, 286

Hie Excellen.,. Lord Irwin's addrOBB to the Legislature

Holdings, fragmentation of Hospitiili, veterinary • • Bousing-:-

aonditiona of lnbouren · . of labourers , • .• scheme, Industrial

17 99

116

187 184 851

Hukawon11 volle:r, alavea ,_ leaaed m the • • 289

Hukumohand electrlo steel worke , 208

H:vdr.,.eleotrio projecbo in J!adroa 176

I

lmperialiom lmperlal-

Buroau of Bntomoiog:v, Loudo11

Oonferenoa • • • Oonterenoea, Indian em­

gration question in . Dairy Expert • • • Jnatitute of Animo! HUB­

band,.,. end dairying, Bang:alore . . .

InRtituta of Veterinary Reaearch • • •

reply coupon . • War Oon!erenoe 1918

Implemente, agrionltural l.IUprovemaut-

in ope~~ line facilitiee

160 207

298 118

102

116 188 298

99

172

448

Improvemen~oonM. in the conditione of In- .

duat?i&i labourers • 138 Trusts in the United Pro-

vinces . . Trusts, work of the

Import and Export- .

aboiition

853 848

21() Trade · Prohibitiona, .

·of • • . 206 206 • '204 Trade of India

trade, ahare of Umted Xiugdom lndia'a . •

with the Frontier • Importr-

cotton • •

the in

cotton twiat and :ram duties, nmoval of, on

oartain ol .. aea of mo.

21.2 213

chinery • • · • 201 Imported, manufactured

goods) proportion of . 204 Importo 210, 211 lmport&-

and Exporto, direction of Trade in , • 234, 285

direction of Trade in • 285 of alizarine ud aniliDe · d:res , •. • 226

of arti!ciol ailk , 223, 224 of cotton piecegoods,

share of the United Kin~dom and JApan • 216

Fuel oil • • , • 221 Gre:v goods . • 21& Iron and oteal 218

lmporla of-Iron ancl atoal, ahara of

vario118 ·ocnmtri• iD the • 218, 219 Ma~ • · • • 217 Maohinery and mill-

,....k • • • 220 Metal and manufacturea

of metala 217 Mineral nila , 220 Motor c:roleo • • 22Z Omnibusee , , 222, 22:1 motor vehiclea, share of

various countries iD the •

piecegoocls pig irou. quantitiee of ool~ured

222' 215 21~

goods • • • ll15 quantitiaa of white ·goode 215 railway rlant • • • 225 raw woo , , 224, 225 sugar • • , , 211)

Import. or-o ... u. tin pia tea ; • •

ID!port. trade, cl.istributl~ of, In:n~ .. egooda • ,; :

and her neilthbours . olimatio ua otbor oon-

• traato . • in the League of Na-

tioas . . . Bo,.., _New, in London • in Exhibitiou and Fain Progress of, daring the

la8t 80- .. . JDdia'a land frontlora ._ • IDdian-

Baluchiatan C1rnrch Bill • Charoh Meaaare • • Delegation to tbe IDter-

national (Diplomatic) Oonforenoa for tbe abo­lition of Import aod E"Jlort Prohibitl0110, Geneva . . .

Delegation to tbe IDtor­national Eoonomio Conference at Geneva .

Iutitute of Bonkers • Labour Ordia.anoe, No.

27 of 1227 • • Legialature and tbe

Simon Commillion . llledical Service • • Notional Liberal Fadera-

tiou, Bomba7 •. Na¥7 Cliaoipline bill • officers for IDdian AnDy Ordnanoa Factoriea • Penal Coda, Seclion 153-

A • . • • • Besearoh Fund Aaoocia­

tiou Sandbunt Sanclhurat ci.nmitte.•;

Report Settlers in en,.,. "c.W:

niea • • • States, relatiou between,

ond the IDdiu Gov-ernment • . .

Tarilf (Ootton Yarn Amendment) Bill •

Trade Commialioner . Trade Publioitr Officer •

Indiano-abroad, number of • in British Guiana .. in Qeylon • in Eaat Africa

PAOB.

218

217

278

89

277 38

208

116 278

278 29 211

205

205 274

aro 80

161

22 3

804 .312

16

149 80S

83

293

291

52 210 208

222 299 liOO 295

4411

IDdi8.118--0.,.fd. exclusion of, from the

Simon Ccmm.itftion, Vicero;y _on . ·

in Fiji lalanda in Ken1a • in Mala:r • Overseas . , . overae08, iDte1'·imporiB.I

problelaa iD oonaection witlo . •

overeeaa atatlll of • in Souti. Africa • • in Soutb Africa, prori-aional-t ....

ahara with tbe Simon Commieaion ·•

P•••·

67 2~ 2~4 301 2n

IDdiaoimtion­of the AnDy 64, 801, 302,.

808, 309, 310 of the Arm:r, reaolu-

tloDB in tbe :Auemb~ on tbe • • 805, 306

of Governmant Sorrioaa • 176 of Railwa:r Sorrioaa • 176

lad<>-Iranian Reaearoh, Sobool of

ladora Inatitute • of Plant ladustry 108

Industriaf-Labour . . . labourers, wa~ of , occupntion in India

JDduatrieo-

182, 183 • 134

182

oottage • • • • 88() cottage-,.• cottage la­

duatriea. Departmeata, work of

the, in the Provinoaa 380-88lt DeveiOpmeD• of cottage • 880 Vill~ ~

IDduatry­cottoa Jute • • • oil. J!!Oteotioa to tbe Testile cotton •

IDteruational-Eronomio Ooaforenoa :>t

Geneva, 1921 . . labour ooilferu0111 Iudia

in . . . .

206

188 meetinp of llledioal and

Publio Health Esparto J50 IDooul~tioa, rinderpeat, pra-

venttve . • . , 118 Instruction, ICbolara under . 369 Iuter..communal-

olubea . • • rioting . • tension in the Pujab

T2

9 16

831

450

P.loB. lnter-eommlUlal.........ttl.

Troableo • !I Unity • • • 61

Inter-Imperial Trade • li07, 209 Interest on loans taken out

by l>rovincinl Governments 206 Iron-

and Steel, importe of · , 218 Pig, countervailing duty

on • . • 282 Pill, production of • 2a2

lrrigataon-area under 126 Commisaion 125 in India 124 Projects . • • 126

Irwin1 La~~· at the AJl. Indian nomen's Confer-ence . , . • 27

Irwin, H. E. Lord- . aadreoa to the Legialatve 17 on commwia.l situation • 17 on conatitutional reforma 66 Speech at the Cbelmaford

Club • • • II Iyengar, Mr. Srinivnaa-

on the Simon Commiasion 76 on the Skeen Committee's

Report • • • 806 on the Reserve Bank Bill 27l

J JagT&O, reduction in freight

rates • • • 260 J njia of Afghanistan • 286 Jnmalpur workshops . . liG Japan, cotton manufacturea

imported from • • • 201 Japnn'a- ·

eho.re in India's OYeneae trade • • 1133

;yarn OOIIlligmueota to India . • • • 214

Java auga!, importe of • • 219 Jaya.kar, Mr. • • 781 182 J eevnndaa Purshoto.m Duttia,

Mr. . • • • 229 Jil)nah, Mr. M. A. 14, 28, 61, 808 Jomt-

eleotorates • , !19, 49 F...,. ConfeTenllO , , 71 Parliamentary Committee 66 Select Committee , • 66, 66 w.,.,.. oeparate elector-

a.tea . . 49 Justice Party, Madras , 68 Jute-

Cultivation and .Reoearob 108

PAo&.

!126,226 • 182

K

Kalat, abolition of slaver;y in Kalay, daooit . . . Kangrn Valley_ Railway . Karachi, Airship base at • Kazi\'et Be11arsliah Railwa;y • Keatmg . • • •. ·• ~mi · · .th. SllOD JD1 OD 8

establiabment of Local

290' 326 262 186 171 89

Government in 295 Indiaua in • • • 294

Keroaene, reduction, frCltigbt rates • . , · , 260

KharallJ'ur, Bengal Nagpur Railwa;y workabop at. • •

Khaaaad&ft . • • • 177 284 290 165

Kbanaaod a;ystem in Chitral • Kbandwa . • • • • Khyber-

.Agen~; Kh888adan in • 284 expul11on of Hindua from

the • , 64, 285 Kichlu, Mr. K. P. 298 Kikarkaa • • • • 82.'1 King Edward College,

.Amraoti ' • • 373

~miaaiona; gr~i ~. to Indiana • • • '302

Police Medal, aword of ths • • • • 826

Police Medal, stories oon­nection with the award of • • •

Kirkee, Beam elation at Kiaben Lol-

326 191

«>Ustoble • • • 326 coDBtable of Meerilt Clia-

triet Kobat-

a raid in . • borderB:::;~uble on tho l'au, sadars in

Kurram-

327 285 284

borcler, raiding and coun-ter raiding on the . 286 Militia 284

L

Labora.toriea at Calcutta and other placee 359

Labolll'-agitation • • Commissioner 1 lladraa Induatrial • Le~islation , , • Oflicei Bombay , , Position on Indian Rail-·

.waya • • Tioubl• iii l'lombey

LabouNI'I, agricultural ~-production of • -· La.,. Cbelmeford ~ • Lady Bardinge llediw Ccl-

legeil~~~ • - -LadY • . Beaitb Sehool DO!hi ,

Lahore-

PAGB.

341 132 132 139 132

177 26

133 122 166

all-India llualim League . at • • • • 62

all-India lluelim League Resolutions . .

Riot at • , Lajpat Rai, Laia--

on the education of a .. p..-ed olaaaea , ,

reaolution ta boyoott the Simon. Oommiuion. .

Lancashire goods • · • • L011d lmj)rovemont LoaDB Aot Law and Order • • • League agaiaot Imperialism • League of NAtioa.-

FAr East BeaJth l.Dter-

l!3 9

81

75 212

7 317 344

"'!""11" by the Indl& m tlie ; • India'o oloim in tho Opium aud tho

151. 47,'117 - 132

162 Legiol&tion-

for the• enboncoment of education

labour Lagiolative-

control ovar tho budget • meetings absteuion from

Le!lislatureo, work in, b>struc­ttona to congress com­mitteea re

Lagiolature-and tho Royal Indian

Marine . • . Central, Busineaa in the . Delhi aeuion of the In-

dian ••• Joint Committee of the

Central • • • Leipzig International Fair • Leprosy in Bihar and Oriaa& . Liberal Federation, N ..

tiona!

65

815 80

64

71 208 860

62

451

P•o•. Lighthoueea, administration

of • 195 Lillooah-

demand by1 workabo~ labourers tor increaeeil wagea · 179

strikes . , , , 342 Lindaay, Sir D' Arcy, on tbe

Simon Commission Boycott reoolution • • , 76

LiDJ<uistic Survey of . India • 40 Lineeed, export of • • 231

Liquora.t aicoholio • • 165, 167 Loon, J<u- • • • 214 LoanS Fund- ·

Provincial , • • Pow81'11 of tho Provincial

Government& to raise •

256

2fts Provincial Fmul •

. Rupee an;{ sterlina Locomotive--. •

214 264

&nd wagon repain at Jbanzi • • • 178

works, PeniaaularJ. Tat.. nagar 178

Local-Boards in Aaaam • 856 Bodies, workiDg, iD.

Modr&B • • • 351 Government, Commiuion

in Kenya • • • 295 Local Self-Oovernment • 348 and non.oo-operaton • 348 History of • • 348, 347 in Burma . w • 855 Legislution 849

Loaovaaky 343

·M "'--<!~'

ibebinery-and Millwork, import& of 220 imports of • • • 217

lladhopura, dacolto 1D • 826 lladrae-

accidebf.a in Faotoriea in 148 appointment of health

affioara in , • 357 co-operative movement

in • • • 878, 877 cottag~ industria. iD • ~1 crime in • 8.~5 education in . • 870 labour commiuioner 182 medical relief in , , 358 workins; of local bodiea in 851

:M:ahAraj SJngh, Xa.nwar, iD. .East Africli 295

Mahenjo-Dara, at •

Mails, distance were carried

l'AO•· excavatiou

• • 84,85 over which,

Malaria • • • ~

187 1411

inyesf;igation into pre98lenoo of • 858

160

452

Survey of IDdia • Malay, lndiaua in Maloney, Mr. T . . Manure--

~~· artificial farmyard • • 112 and oil..cako, reduction

in freight ratoo • • J60 Mareooi Boom otation near'

Kirkoo and Dhond • 191 Marino, R07al IDdian • 814,, 816 1darketin~

of Empire ~roduction in the Uoitoii Kingdom •

of ha....W • , , of IDdiaa produce •

Mark..-developmont of Indian for Ilidian Timboro •

Marri · and Bagti Tumandara Marshall, Sir John • • Masses1 unprovement in the·

cond1tion of . . • Maternity and Ohild Wel-

fare-

96

nll-IDdia conference • 16 work in Uoited l'rorinOM · 860 Loagae for 166

Mayo- · Lord· , • MiBB Katherine

Mecca and Medina,

• • 288

ago to , • piljp.U..: ~58, ll

289 Madieal-

aid • • • and Public Health ex-

pert&, mootinp of .• Council, aii-IDdia . Council, Ganeral Education . Research • • •

1~

l6o WI 162 1&2 1411

Reoearoh, .&11.-IDdia, con-farenoo of • • • 99

Reaeoroh IDatitnto, Cen-tral • • . • 160

...,lief in Madraa • • 858 relief in the United Pro..

vincea . relief work .

860 857 151 Service, Indian . ,

Service, • norganisation of • • • , 1&2 --... Hnioe 168, 168 Meek, Dr. u. B. • , 2211

PAGB. Moonglaa aohemo , , • 868 MeotinSB of All-IDcll• politi-

cal bodioa ·, • Mohtar of Chitral Mercantile Marine, Dderi,;. llloston-

Award, Modidcationa to the • • 2;)(), 251

Award, ...,..ption of the • • • 250, 251

Committee, task of the 246, 247 Committee, Terms of re-

ference of the 245 Lord • • • • 244

Metal mannfa.oturea, import& of • • • • • 217

Metal, import& of • • • 217 llletoorologioal Department,

worki11g of the , , .192-195 llletoorolcigy, ainhip 193 lllettur • • 130 Midwives • • • • 155 Milan IDtornetional Fair· 208 Mill~.

affairs c • • • 301 . ""P'nditure • . 258, 265

problem in tho Frontier • 280 Policy • , • • 301

Milia,, production of J&rn in IDaian • • • • 213

lii!Jaeral oile, import& of 220 Mines ·

aooidenta in 145 Act • , . • . 144 lteport of the Ohlof Jns-

- JIOCtor of • ,. . 144 Mint, illicit, at Dusdap • 833 lfi.asion, Trade, for the mar-

keting of IDdian cotton& 22ll l11ohamiiaedan-Hind~ . •••

Hindu .lllohammaaan. lllohmanda Mombeea Money orops Monsoon .

distribution of in Berar .

lllontagu..Chelmaford-

281 296 94

' 6 1

Relorma , • - 240 Reforms, DoproBBOd

el&IS88 education under Report

Monuments-a. few principal, in Iodin maintenance of national .

lllotor-

81 46

39 39

OYCiea import& of • Omoif.ueea, import& of tra118port; ID India . VehiCleo, import& of

• 222 222,223 ... 181 221,222

• PAOB. MoonJee, Dt. B. B., on the

Skeen Oommittee'o It&- · · port ; • . • 806 806

Mooring maat at Karachi • ' 186 Moplah rebellion • , 824 ~orris college Nagplll'·. 874 Mort~litl'. in Bengal , 859 Mooato d1S88118· • • • 112 Motilal Nehru. Plllldit, on

the SimOD CommiasioD re-oolution • , • 71

Mother India · • • 8, 4 154 Muddiman, Sir Alexander 4B; &10 Muha!"'"am oelebrati0111, riote

dur1ng • ·• • • 10 Muktesar, Imperial Ineti-

tute of V eterina1'7 R&-eearch • 116

Mul~, rlotig :iD • JD MuniCipal-

administration Bihar pd Orissa • • • SOB

Boorda ;, tho tl'nitod Provincea - • • 3M

Medical relief work 8111 Municipalities 846

in Assam . • 858 jn Bep(!al : , . ~T

.. m Bntiah Jnclia · • • -in tha Oontral Prorinoee 856

Mlll'dera '· 8BI! causes of . 822 in the Punjab . • 887

Mnrderoue· ontragee . ; 10 Mueeum, Arcluecilogicol, at .

Taxila • • • 81 Music before mosquoa • 19 Muslim League, All-India 61

!I

N ngo.rjuni K.onda, diacoveries at . . . • . 87

Napur riot at • • 10 Na1r, Sir; SR.nkuau-

on the Simon Commis-sion . . . 78

Sir John Bimon'a lotw to • 78

Nairobi • • • 1196, 296 N alu.nda, discoveries at . 88 Napier, Sir Oharles • 819 Najloloou Bon&J>&!U> • 2'19 Narayan Das,_ Rai Bahob M3 Natal BorougiUI Ordinance 296 National- .

Demand1 tho , .. . • · 60, 6'1 indepenaence, goal of the

Indian people • • 61 ·

P~••· Nationol-co!ltd. Liberal Federation of ·

Naval r:3!r.. · · :1. l!favigetion, a.dmlnist.;.ti..,;

of • 195 Navy, Indian • 315 Nawu Xhan, sa...u.;

Mohammad • Needham, Ool R. A. Nobru-

Jawaharlal Plllldit Motilal

N8J>!l-:: · Railway oonnootion

India with · relations with

76 1611

61 61

289 1!88 130 Nira valley project

Nitrate&, movemant of, in tha ooil • • • • llll

Non-Brahmin- ~ Federation at Coim-_

bataro . • • 81 opinion in· fanur of

Simon Oommiasion • Non-eo-oporaton and Local

eelf govarnment • 8~ North-West Frontiar , 2'18, 2'19

· Civil Defence Forces of the • • 1!88

Hindus in the 18, 14 Polic;r 2'19 Pronnce1 Ref~rlnl ' in 59 Reforma 211, 84

. Tribea • • • 280 North-Western Rail- J>&.

monstration train . . 180 Noyce, Hr. 201

0

Observatoriee along airship route .. • 11)2

"""'I . Mr. 0. lL 10 ori-VU>, fuel, impon,. of 2111 Indoatrr, Tariff Board

EnquU")'· into 20' Oilseedo-

cultintion and I"OIIOIU"Ch 110 8lQ>OI'ta of • • • 231

Oils, Mineral, import& of . 200 Old Proraa, discoveries at,

in Burma . . . . 89 Oldham, Haatar Spinner'a

FedoriJtion . • • 2118 01!!1""tiODI of the Royal Air

Foroe • . • 318, 8U Opium-

Committee 162

454

PAOB. Opium-<onfd.

Conference, Gene.va Cultivation and DOD•

162

aumption of 161 consumption of . . 163 export of . • 160, 161 policy of the- Govern-

ment of India 161 161 smuggling •

revenue from. smoking •

.. traffic, control of Oppreuion by Police Orilksai Tribe

• 164 162 164 1eo: 161

• 829 285 281 Orakzais • . • •

conftict between Shiah and Bunni

Ordinance­lndian Labonr in CeYlon restricting emigration •

Ordnance Factories, Indian Oriantal Society American Oriaaa, 1lood in '

p Paddiscn-

285

800 1194 812

411 8

Deputation 296 Sir George . • 296

Paharpur, excavationa at . 38 Pancbayat_ village, •••

village ranchayat. Poaeive resistance in.Kharag-

pur workshop • 178 Pasture cultivation and

reoeuch • • • • 110 Peerman__, Mr. • • • 828 Penia, Jndia'a relation witli 287 Ponian Gulf, enquiry into

the slave traffic 1D • • 288 Personnel of tho lndian

Statoe Committees • • 291 Peshawar city, fire in . 287 Petrol, import of • 221 Piecei!Ooda'-

cliatribution of import trade in 217 -rta of 21!8 lniporta of 2]1;

Pilltl"~ to_ Mecca. and Pil~~na . 289

bo.Uoon stations 198 service, Bengal 196

PoliO&-Act, (aee Act). AdtD.inistration in India

. 819,-820 and mtereommunal

clasboa in the Punjab 337 and the public • 829, 880

PAaB. Polioe--eontrl.

armed 826 arrest by, of ~rtai.i

dacoite in Ferozepur district • • • 823

oasistance in Sood, fire and other calamities 828

in Bihar and Orissa 339, 840 in Bombay • · • 383 breverY of the • • 828 in citioa ether than Pre-

sidency Towne • • 820 Commiuion of 1902, Lord

Ourzon'a . . 880 constable Kishen La! 826 corruption and oppres-

sion · • 829 detective • • • 831 functions of tho Indian 820 help in llooded areas • 828 in India • • 318, 319 invaatigation of : the

Duzdap coining con-apirucJ_ • • • 333

medal_, ~g's C••• King'.a Pohce Medal).

murders reported to the 822 organisation in India 819 Personnel • • • 821 in Preeidency Towns • 820 Punjnb • 326, 836-838 recruitment of, officials 830 Report extract. from

the Punjab • • 828 Special Dacoity •• • 324 Special octtle · ; · • • 339 etatiou juriadictione • .

828821

nee of lire arms by the • Volunteer Bill 330 Watchman • • • 820

Policemen who laid down their lives in the perfor-mance of their dut•es • 880

Political-evolution of India • • 86 leaders, stateraent by the 14 prisoners, resolution t'C

releaee of • • • 64 self Government, Viceroy

on • • 18 atataa. India's 8

Politico-narrative of the year's 441 46 spectrum of Indian . 64

Poona-Meteorological Be•d-

quartan at . 194 Sova Sedan Society 137

Pope, Mr. J. A. .• • 169 Poeition-

of Indiana in Kanya 1194

Position-conttl. P&a~~.

of the Simon Commission 72 Postal deliveey in rural areaa 186 Postal-

D~artment, ~or~ ~ 186

facilitiee in rural areaa 186 Imperial reply con- • 188

Poete and telegi&pha-- · Department . • 185-189 Department as agent for

essential services 1815, 186 Depo.rtment, working of

the ~ Branch • • •

Expenditure on • • Potes LomWme Die~ch

Biplane . , , Poverty in Indian villagee • Presidents on the new Gold

Standard and Reserve Bllllk

190 266

32 97

Bill • • • • 272 Press, attitude of the1 to.

wards Simon Commission 59 Pride of Detroit . • • • 82 Prince of Wales ·ltoyal

Indian Military College, Debra Dun . . • 808

Production of-pig iron in India 282 Tea . • • . 230 Yam in Indian Mills • 213

Prohibition • • 186, 167 Protection to the cotton

T-ile lndustl"y' 201 :Provincial-. Committees, report of,

· to Sir John Simon . consciousneaa . .. ~nncU.1 attitude of -·-

74 46

~ .the Statutol"y' Commission· • • 86

Contributions • 2« contribution, eJFect oi

the remiaaion of • 252

252 contribution, Perman-

ent extinction of , contributioni. Table show­

ing the allotment of • 248 control ewer the aouroeB .

of revenoe loans Loans Fond Loans Fund Services, new . Settlements of 1870

Public Health .148, 151, in Bengal • • in Bihar and Orissa in Burma in Central~

254 264 256

0 274 845

0 239 356, 357

• 358 380 861 861

465

Publicity-Oflicer, Indian Trade • 2()8. Railway 179, 18().

Punjab-&dult education in the • 369-crime in the • 336, 337 Police • 828, 336, 338-

Pusa-Agricultural Research

Institute • 101, 102' Tobacco, Bureau at 232.

Q

Sahibsada,

R

Sir

Rabies Conference,~. P~ris . 15! Radio-Telegraph ._._..OS,

Washington • • • 191 Raid in FeroRpur Di.otrict,

description of a · • • 323: Raiders in Kohat • • 32T Rniding sud Counter raid-

ing on the Kurram border 286· RoUwsy-'-

·accidents . • 26 Advisol"y' Committee • 173 Apnt 0 0 169, 170• !!,Giard_, oomposition of the 169 -.the • 0 0 169 Bronco lines and Fesders 171t Budget • • . 81, Sit Budget the • • 258, 261t' Central Publif!!i'J.Bureau 179 Connecting · with

Nepal • • • 289· Consti-oution of new lines 1J.!!z

171 -· Indianisation of Hr.. , vices 176

Mail aervice . 187 Mileage, total • 170 Organisation of the

• oystem • • • 169 Plant, share of U. K. in

the Import trade • ~-Publicity • • 179, 180' Purchase of Stone for

tbe • • . 88' Stoff College at Debra

Dun 171 Statistics • . • S Statistics on the Bengal

Nagpur " • 28 W8J!OIII protection to

the manufact01'8 of 20'.1'

456

PAaB. RailWBY!I-

Diviaion, ~ of , • · l6Q · Olnsaification of • · • '175 Extension of Branch Line · · 90 Financial Commissioner

of • · 1 in India , . . Labour position in India State Bureau in London Traffic earning: on .

169 168 177 181 ...

Railway WorbhoPa ·'If the State • • • • • 175

Rainy, Sir ~ 011 the Rail-way Bnd~ • • • 259

Rajah Rao Bahadnr, M.O. • 63, 77 Ranohi &pre., Wailment

of •

Ranf:ta~ ..... Rates-

'M·

.10,11 • 11, Ill

Ad~ Committe& 174 Reductton in goods • 260 reduction in pl.roel and

luggajle • • 260 Raven, Sii- Vincent . , • 175 Rawwocd, Importe of , 224, 225 Receipt&-'- · • ·

from the Post and Tel&­l!iraph Department ·

Ranlwa.y , • . Reoiprocity &solution, the • RecOmmendation of-

the Financial relation& '

190 261 293

committee . . 245 the )(eaton Committe& • 249 · the Skeen Committe& 31M,

Sk- Committe& as 806

aocepted • • • • sn Recruitment to the R. I. 111. 315 Red International of Lehonr

UniOD& Reduction-

·348

in parcel and luggage ratee . . . 260

in goode rates · . · . 260 in Railway rates and

!area , . • • '178 Reforms Committe& • . 42, 48 Buforma Committee resolu-

. tion in the Al8elllbly r&­commendinljC the a~tance of the lll:aJorit:r Report of the • . ,

ltefortrut-- • 43

ellect of the, in unifying different sections 47

~ntplo,nations of the word : 41 1n the N.-W. F. P. ·. . 22

. . ..... .... !!5,' 62, 84

l>A~01'1Illi-COntd, • ·, P•a•.

-·-c Montngn-Ohelmaford · , · 240 results of the . . , 46

Reform, po~ developments • effect of - on village life , 93

R~ligioua cuatoma 101 Relations between ~ntrai

o.nd Provincial · Govern-ment , • • , 288

Raleaae of Politieal priaon-

&':.sion .;f Prorinciai • 54 contributioae • 251.

Remittances, London 265 Rinder:peR • • , , 116 Th!organiaation of Medical

Serviceo in· India 162 &port-

of the Indian Sandhunt · Committee • • • 801

of the reforms committe& 43 of the Skeen Com-

mittee · , , 803, 804 Indian Sandhurat Oom•

mittee , • • 88 of the Simon Committee n

RepresentatioD&-by the Cotton !rutile

InduatQ' . • • • 201 of the Indian lee;iola.-

tnre . of the Stmon Commission , .

Unofficial of the conn­oils of Nairobi and Momb"""" ,

Risala V artman Case Re&BI~

71

296 12

Bank Bill ., • 8, 65 Bank lor India •. • 2 Bank Bill~ fate of the !189, 'MD Bank of 1ndia Bill1.-

• Committee 011 tae 289, 'MD Bank of India prop­

Governing Boord of the . • ' • . 289, 270

Bank, pi'OI>OBecl Sh.-holdera ol the ·, 'MD

Reserved- . and traneferred deparf>.

menta • • · 817, 818 Departments, Finances ·of

the , , ·, , · 2U, 242 ltesolution re the appoint-

ment of a commiaaton on Banking faoilitioa ,. , 279

Responsible 1elf Government for India , . .

Revenues, · aaaignment of bed • . • • • . 240

Raviaed oatimatee · 263

46

. P•a•~ · Revenu&- · ,

provincial ·control order • over the aourcea of total fer 1928-29

Revenues-Headl of division of • Indian before 1870 • •

Rioa Cdltivation and ..-arch Riot-

at Bareilly • •in Betti&&

at Labore Ri..-

....... Binda Jfoiu.m­medaa •' in India

Rioti~ · Bind•Jfoalam in Multon

, .. _

284 266

241 239 103

. 10 10 9

ll 9

9 10

846 Ui~, Lord • · • • • Il-l& Vartmaa -, effaot

of tho Juc!ament in the , · .18 Road- .

Board, Central Grand i'runk

Road&- • ·•-·

182 181

in India , 181, 188, 184 Wana Sarwakai nnd

Idak :!'hal . 287 Roberta, M, Charloa ,, • . 244 Rodge~ M. A. • • 120 Roai, "ir Ronald • • 859 Round Table conference 48 Roysl-

Air Foroa • · • · 313, 314 Commiuioa on Agricul-

tare , , 30, 101, 149 Commission on lnaian

Currency and Finanoa ~

Indian Jfarino ·· . , 314, 816 Irish Constabulary • 819 Indian Jfarino, Jlemouit.

mont to tho , • 816 Jfilitary ,~, Sand-

. . hurst . • • • SOli !to~

Jf. N. • • • • 844 · Mr. X. C., on tho Indian­

iaation of· tho Army • 807 Mr. X. c .... on the rosol~

tion re J:Snnking faci-litioa in India • . 278

· Rupee Lean, 1927 • 274 Rural- ·. ·

India. , , · • • 91 life, offoot of reforms on • 93 Selr Government in

Aaaam· . , , , 856 Self Government · in

·- B'Dl'ma · ;": ~ 865

451

. .•

·' s

PAOB.

• 114 281, 282

." Sahiwol herd Sandeman, MajOl' Snndhurai>­

Committooa Report Indian' , • , •

SOl 803

· V acancieo for Indiona at, to be inoreasad • • 804

, Sapru, Sir .Toj Bahadnr , 62 and the Simon Com·

miasiou Borda Cnna1 • • Sarma, Sir Naraaimha Sastri, Bight Bon. V. s:

Srinivaaa • • in South Africa •

Scarcity-and Famine . , . in Bengal , , , in Guntur, Boilary and

A.nantpur , • in Y ootmal diatriot

Schlee, Mr. ' . , • Scholars under instruction

in Indi& School-

61 129 174

293 m 6 7

6 7

82

869

at Cbandauai , , 176 of · Tro__pioal Medicine

a.nd Byaiene , , 149 School&- •

agricultural , , • 102 for Adult.. in the Con.

tral Prarinoee , for Adult women ,

Schnster, Sir Goorp , Scout.., Tochi , • • Sasplane, boao at Ranaoon Sepernte elootoratoo • , Se~tioo-

of Audit from acconnta of Central and Provin·

cia) Banking acconnt.. of Central and Provin-

969 869 267 284 184 49

271

258

cial budgelo ·, • 248 of Railway Budget from

the GeDerol , 267, 258 Service-

Women's medical . 168, 169 Conference for the or­

ganization of new pr~ vincial ,· . · ·., 846

Indiani.lntioD. Of, · 111 lndi&nimtion. ·

Senices, New Provincial , 840 S~thnaA. Sir Phiroao, ~n tho

tnmon OoDUDlB81oD , 79 Seva Sadan-

Bociety, Pcone · ·• . • 197 Poona , • ... 11 •. •; 166

Shofi, Sir Mohommad Shah N awu, Mian Shore-

PAOB. . 23, 61 • 76

of the United Kingdom in the importa of lron and Steel • • • 218

of various countries in the cotton and cotton yarn import trade

Shelm<irdine, Lt.-Col. F. 0: Shinwaria . . . Shipping Adminietretion Shipe, NatiTe p .... nger Sikh-

Association, Central • commmrib- and the

216 184 13

lOS 196

68

Simon Commission . 63 Silk, import& of artiicial 223, 224 Silnculture • • 123 Silviculturel .........m 121 Simla-

Conference of Hindus and "Muslima at •

"Municipol welfare scheme . .

Unity Conference • Simon C"ommis&ion­

ond the All-India Poli-

14

156 60

tical Partieo • . 64 and the Council of State 78 ond the Indian Budget 238 ho.vcott of the . 24, 69, 68 boyoott reoolution . . 60 boycott reaolutiowdn the

legiolature • . 76, 76 dechi.ration t'e the oon-

atitution pf 68 effecto of the ~JCOtt

of • • ucluaion of Jncliaua

68

from the, Vi- on 67 !'XJierienceo of the . 70 hartnla • • • • 68, 69 Bia Excellency the Vice-

roy on the .conatitu­tion of tha • •

Indiaus share with the Invitation& to • • not an instrument of the

British Government {)osition of the . . Statement by political

leaders re . . Support for the . . surprise viaita to villages

Simon, Sir John'e-

65 66 70

72 72

74 68 70

announcement . 71 letter . • • . 57 68 latter to the VicerQY . ' 73 letter to Sir Sankaran

Nair 73

. Simon, Sir Jolm'-Ofltd •

on his experiences statementa by

Sind-

P£ol.

70 78

separation of, from Bombay • • . • 62, 86

transformation of1 ·into a separate province 23

Single man's budget : . 136 SitalT&d, Sir Ohiiiaanlal 68 Skeen-

Oommittee • • • 808 Lt.-General, Sir Andrew 808

Slave releasing operation& in Burma ... , 289

SlaTOrT-abolition ot· :· 289; ~ abolition of, ;i, Balnch

tribee • • • • 290 abolition of, In Obitral 290 abolition of, in Kalat • 290

Slave released ln the Huk,.. wong valley . . 289

Slee1D'811 • • • • 89 Social SerTioe ;League;

Bombay . • · 187 Soil, nitrateo in the - 112 Sonuermeyer, ·Capt. 82 South Africa--

appointment of Right Bon. SrinivDSa Sastri. in . • • • 298-

ge!'eral uplift of IndiiUII . lD. , 298

lndiaus in • , • · 296 Paddioon daputation to 296 provisional agreement

,.. Indiaus in • • 297 · Sonth African Deputation , 297

Special Daooity Polioe • 324 Spinnera, "Muter Cotton,

Federation 228 Spratt, PhiliJ! • • • 341 Standard· of livin!1i 88, 95, 136 Standing Emigration COm-

mittee • • • • 292 Sta-

Bank 271 Railways, B..irea~ in

London • • • 181 Statement b,- Political

Leaders ,., Simon Com-mission · . 74

Statementa by Sir Joh.i Simon 73

Stn.tistics-7'8 rail and river borne

trade • . • 296 showing India's demand

for foreign yarn • 21$

P~•o Statutory CoiDDii.asion o 3

· and its relations with different legialative bodies

and politics o o o attitude of the Press

towards the o o

attitude of Provincial Conncilo tcnrarda the o

and the Hindu !rlualim question . .

appointment of the . upeusoo inourred 1>1 the gene.-..1 attitude toWards

the o o o o India's attitude towards

67 41

69

86

ol: 83

76

·the o o o o 56, 67 landing of the, in Bom-

bay o o o position of the re~resentation of th~

Sikhs to the o o

oe abo Simon Oom.mia­sion.

68 66

Viceroy's announcement ,., compoaition of a 66

Stock-holden achome o o S'Tl Stores, purchaee of, for the

railways • · • · 83 Storm and heavy rainfall

warniuga 0 o ·o o 194 Strachey, Sir Richard 239 Strik-

in India • . · on the Bengal Nagpur

Railwat o

organimtton of Subjects, !"""ed

lrran.....-m o

and

Sugar-beet, import of imports of o o o

Sugarcane oultivatiun and -ieMarcb 0 0

Sutlej Valley Prcieet Swat River o o

T To b....,......

.. Bureau at Pusa. ·"" E".J""1B of

Taccav1 • · • Tannins Institute, Bengal Tariff.-"

Board o o o o Board's Enquiry into the·

Oil Industry · Bonrd's Report on

Cotton

26

26 ~

8111

219 219

105 126 2111

11.'12 2311

6 8111

199

2()4.

2211

459

Taritf--.<OAtdo Board1s Rep9_rt on the

Rai!way W~go!J. and Undarframelndaatey o 200

Policy, India's . . 200 within the Empire, ImM

peria.l Conference re . 207 Tatanagar _,_ Peniuaular Loco-

motive worb o o o 178 Taxila1 monuments at · 34 ·Tea- .

export of o. 230, 231 prOduction of o o 230 United KiDgdom'a share

in the oxport of o 234 Technical Education in

Bihar and Orissa o o 882 Technological laboratory,

Indian Central Cotton Committee of the o o 108

Telegraph-and Telephone Linoe . 188 Department, workiDg of

the 0 o o o 188 Telephone TrnDk line b&o

tween Delhi and Celcutte 1119 Telephones Branch, working

of the o o o , 189o Territorial Force, Indian . 802 Ta:dile-

Cotton Indutry, Tarilf Boarl! en9uiry into o 200

machinery, 1m porta of . 220 Thana o o o o o 319 Thanadar o o o 319, 820 The Little Olay Cart, drama 329 Third class paaaenger fo.res,

reduction 1n • • . 259 Tibetan coining .sud note f~ case 336

Timbe,...... .. r~h o o 122 markete for Indian 124

Tin platee, import. of o 218 Tirn.h Sunniea . . 2M Titam Channel o o 286 Tobacco cultivation and re-

euch 108 lrrade-

and commerce . . 199 direction of. exporta 235, 2?.8 direction of, im~rta . 235 distribution of India'•

overseas . m General . . . · S Indian, Poblieity · OlBcer 208 India'• frontier 2afl Inter-Imperial o o 209 Japan's sbare in llldia ~ 233

Trade-<ont<i. Mission for the market­

ing of Indian cottona rAil and river borne

statistics . , . share in India~• by

foreign conntrieo · the Year's . •

Training ahip, Dnlferin Traiua:, demoustration • Tranaborder tribes , Tr..,...froiltier civil corpa Transferred Departments • Transport, Motor . . · Transvaal, ownership of land

by Asiatics in . . Travelling without ticket& , Trians:de, The, expedition • Tribaf-..

country, education in . ~ting on Kohat border Levies militiaa territory . • •

Tribe, lllohmand • • , Tribes, North-West Frontier TrooJ?B to aid civil power ,' .Tropical medicine-- '

and hygiene, school of , Far Eastern Association

of . . • Turill of Kurram valley

u

.929

236

233 lllO 196 180 280 284 845 181

296 174 289

287 286 284 l!82 281 286 280 SUI

149

150 . 286

UnemplOyment in India Union Boards-

in Bihar and Orissa in India ,

14&, 147

852 848

Unity-

'pf 20 Conference Conference, d~iOn

tbe • • • Conference, Bimla economic, of India Hindu Mualim

.20, 21 • 60

48 62 60 Reeolution • • •

United KinRdom-efeeta Of the coal •trike

on, import trade . ahara of, in India's. OV8Z'-

eeaa trade . ' United Provinces­

oo-operotive movement iu tho . • •

cottage Industries in the

~~~nJ!:a.· ia ~e · ed-tion in the •

878 882 884 85( 87ll

460

United Provinc-.:imtd. imt\r:vem~nt · .trus~ ~ public health in , . Ill unicipal Boards in tho Panchayata in tho · • riota in • • -·- _ •.

853 860 854 854 10

special daooity polioo in

Ulliret~ti- • ·• · • · • 824

Delhi • 159, 160 · Education • • 867 Trainin• corps 802

Urea stibiUDlna • 862 U surioua Loans Act " 9S

v Vasco da Gama . • 117$ Veterinary- : . Oorpo, Indian Arm;y 812

Education • • 117 Bospi~la 118 atatiat1ca • · • • 115

Viceroy on India's destiny . 68 on the constitution of the·

Simon Commission 85 Vicero;t'a-

addrosa to tho Indian Legislature , . 65

commission . • . 802 uecutive council~ de. .

mand for Grante • 84 Victoria Memorial Scholar-

ahipo Fund • 165 vruaae-oredit Societioa . • • 98 life, e:rlernal infiuenoe

on Indian , • • 94 of India • • • 92 panchayata . 98, 847 poverty in Indian • • 97 system, modernization of

. 92 93 Vill~puram Trin\innpolJ-

1

railway • 261 Viaitol'll to India 88 Visagapttam 197 ••

• w Wagoo , 186

in Malay • • • 801 of Industrial labourers • 184 of labourers , • • 97 Burvay • • 97

Walker, Sir Normn l5J Waziristen-

Britiah Polio;y in ll88, 288, ll87

Waziristan.:.....ontd. Scouts unrest in . .

Ways and Heana position Weather ·charta • • Welfare-

Committees in the Ceu-tral PJoorinces • •

of India'ii agriculturista . Wells in Iudia

Wheat-

P£<~B.

861 131 130

cultivation and rosearch !04 .export. of • 230

Wheatstoae .,atom 191 Wheeler • • 3M White paper 0 • 0 • 29( Widows, total number of

Hindu · • 5ll 68 Wireless • • • • l90

Director of, at the Intu­national RadioJ tole- · graph con.terenoe, WaShington • • 191

achool at Alipora • 191 Women-

employment, in factorise 140, 141

medical aid to Indian 154 schoola for Adult • 369

Women'~t-conferenee, All-India • educatioa in Bihar and

27

Oria& • • • 878 Medical serrice 166, 168, 159

Wood Technol017 • • 1211 Wool-

Import. ·of raw • • raw1 8l<pori<l. of • •.

Woolwicn • • • • Workers and Peasant's

224 282 309

Parties S4l,&W

461

·p ...... •Workmen's compeo,aati'on •

Aot • ... ·• • • 1(G. WorkshOp- .

Bengal Nagpur RaUwa;y, at Kharagpur • • l1T

reduction in tho Kharag-Workat;.,_ . • . . 11T

Lilloah, demands for iuw .. creased wages •. . I?g.

of the State Bailwa;ro . 175-Worthington Evans, via1t of

Sir, .L. . • • • sa-Wreclring of the Rangooa

Mandalay Line • • • ll6, liT

y

Yakoob, Maulvi Muhammad 60• Yarn, production of, in

lnaian Milia • • 213· Y&rlllt-

exports of 0 0 228· Iudia'o demand for

foreign • • • 213· YounJ Men's .Christian A.uo-

oatlon, controversy re so~ Yonng-

Mr. F. • • • 324 Mr. Hilton • ~ • 244

Youuf Buseain, Buh-:rn.p.. tor 32T

z Zulftqar Ali Khan, Sir 1 on

the Simon COmmilai.on Boyoott Rseolntion • 7o·

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Calcutta. -8elentllle Pablltbtnc Co .. 1, Taltola t.aae. Calcntta.. ·(·b ~rjte &: Co.. tO'- Oorn...UII: Street. Oalaatta. !B.C. IJa,gk. Ktq .. Ptoptltotor-, Alben .Lltxarr,.Duc:a. .llltra Brothen, Baltib&bl. . • . Blg~t:lnbotbama, )ladru.. ) . R. Rama lyer .& eo., Jladr ...

Jl.oeholll'e and Sou, &draa. ·G. A. N'ateaoD. & Co., Publllben, Qeofll ~owu,

Madru. 'Tbea&ophlcal Pub\llhlag Bouae, Ailfar, l!adru. l\rl!lhl & co., Trlvand.rum.. "l'h~t Dc"l:doYer'l a.oR. TaUal4, Tdftlldram. Iouth

ladla. . -B. IL Oorblrrhhu ][oae. Paiam&Gdal*m.

lladtll'&, • VIJapur 4: Co., Vlkappato.m. '"Tbadr:II'T A Co., Ltd., Bombay, D. B. Tan.ponvala, Botu1 &: Oo., Bombar.

:Sunder Paoduran•, Bombay. Bam Chandra OOYlnd & Son~, Ealbad.evl Jl.oad,

Bo:obay. N. M:. Trlpatbl & Coil Bookaollen, PrlDceu Skeet,

K.,JtuadevJ Raad, ombay. ~e• ••·d oroowdhaud. Boobhop. K.u.dni Road, ...... ,_ .

'Jin-. H.lldbahla Atmaram BqooD. KalWnl Bo.d, Bombay.

A. !f. Wbnoler & Oo., Allab&ba4, Caleu.Ua aDd f'u101'1111·

Prupr!Hor, lfi!W Klt.abkhaoa, Poona, 'Th" lhuaau:u, Orleo•aJ Book Buppi'IDa Aaenq, 15,

ilbukrawar, Poooa City. B.an." K.rlsboa .Brot., Oppoalte Vllhram.bq1 Poooa

City. •. P. Book..U n lhdh-r, Poooa, ............. 4 Bona. BookMJieg .... Pabllelius.

llta:!a Tabo, 811rat.. "'The Staad •nl ,..,.. ... ~ OD., .... .Mb&b

Bead, P.-.hawu • ... D. Ulnll.d.llw- & Co., 'rbe Bhud 'Book De~

Dbuwar.

' Tbe StallCWd Boobtall, Kuaehl, QaeU&, Delldt lluree aud Rawalplodl.

The K.eNchl Book Depot, BlpblDdoae Street. C.mp, Karachi.

Tho .Bnglllb Bookstall, KarachL The Stnadard Dooltatall, Quetta:. U. P. U..lb.otra & Co., Quet.t.a.

;J. Bay&lonl, ,8, K. &L.,Bdwardta Boad, :Bawll• plodl and Kurree. ·

"l"''o Staadard Book Depot, · 'Lahore, WalnltaJ. ! ll"~ Dahoule. Ambala C&otnnmoot u4 • Delhi. -B. B. Mathur, Bupdt., .llulr K&IUIIl Bbld Preu·,

Allabai>Dd: 'The North l.adla Obrlstlall Tract aa4 llook: Society,

181 CUYI llnad, Allahabad, Ram Da.ylll Agmrwala, 184, Iatra, Allahabad. Tho Indian Arm.r Book Depot.. JuhJ, Ott.wnpore. The lndlaa Atmy Book Dopot, JuDuodut Olty. · H.aaaaer, Nt-wal lri.thora Prea, J.u.Cknow. The Upper ladla Publlllbh11( Boue,l.W., J.Dara&.aN ~- .&mmadd•ala Park,._Luelmow.

JW iiaiiib .II Oulab Slqb & 8oal, ll:d.d-l•Aal Prell. Lahoro aod Aftatiabed.

·JI.am& ltrlslma & ~ Booa. Doobdon, .;.&Darbll. LD.bor.. . .

Purl Drotbe:~, BOolueU~ aD4 Pnblbhm, KatcberS B.oad, Labore.

The TUak School Boobbop, Lahore. Tbe Btaaclard Bookstall, Labore. Tbe Proprietor, hDJab 8aolkrl' Book Depot.

Baldmttbl. Strr-.et... Labore. Tba luuraace Publlc1t.f 09-, Ltd., Lahore. Tbe PllllJab BeiiJI:Ioua Boolc 8ocldf, .Labore.: • llaoaaer of the fiDperlal .Book Depot. 18, Ohaa-JDI Ch~ Stree&, DeihL

Po110 Boot 4~tuor, Now Delhi, · · Oxford. Book aud StaUonerf Company, Delhi. Supdt., American Baptlat. .U.Iaalon Preu, Rangoon. Tho H'odero PubU.blq Boue, LW.., ao, llba,rt

Streot.. .Rangoon. Blll'IDI. Boot Clob, Ltd., llaiJICIOD. • llall&aer'o The "'..JIItavada,." lfqpar, Bblsey_ Brot.ben, iloo)jaeU.. aad. at..Uouen. 8Jta.

baldl, ........ B. 0. Tabalr.du", Propdetor, Bt.DI1eota ol: Oo .. Ooooh

Dehar. The Managl!r, Ceylon Oblerver, Colombo. Tho llaDIUIII', The Indian Book Shop, Beoan. Oltf• Tba Srlvllllpattur Oo.operst.l91 Tn41QB Onion, Ltd,

BrlvUilputtur (S. 1. n..) • D.acbaD&ib Pruad 4: Bou, Pata& Olt.y. 'l'be Bt.uclenta' Bmpodwn, PaUl&. K.. L. llatbar & 8101., ouat, Patu Clt.y. D.aodekar Brotlu!n. Iadore CltJ". P~Ytek.'ll8ra 8allayalr Baba.lrarl, Ltd., Bcarodo\. The 8Jdtnba4 Book Depo'- Ohad.eq:llat, BJdera·

b3.:l (Daoca.n).