hon. dave martin hon. adam c. powell - govinfo.gov

1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 14393

E X·T ENS IONS OF REM ARKS

Results of 1964 Questionnaire

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. DAVE MARTIN OF NEBRASKA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, June 18, 1964

Mr. MARTIN of Nebraska. Mr. Speaker, the response to my 1964 questionnaire gives a cross section view of the thinking in my district on serious questions facing our Nation. For the benefit of my colleagues, I insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, a copy of the results of my 1964 questionnaire:

RESULTS OF 1964 QUESTIONNAIRE

We have finally completed compiling the results of our questionnaire sent out in April. Slightly over 10,000 replies were received. In addition to answering the questionnaire, many of you wrote additional comments and notes, as well as letters, further explaining your views on the subjects covered. I appreciate your great interest in the serious problems facing our Nation, as exemplified

-

1. The administration has recommended enactment of essentially the same wheat program for this year which was rejected by the wheat farmers last May.

by both the return of the questionnaire and your comments which have all been studied.

One of the most interesting results are the replies m regard to the civil rights bill and its provisions. In reply to question No. 7: "Do you favor the civil rights bill now before the Congress?"-31 percent voted "yes"; 40 percent voted "no"; and 29 percent "not sure." In question No. 8, however, which briefly describes five separate sections of the bill, the vote was overwhelmingly in favor of each of these sections. Ninety percent favored equal voting rights in Federal elections; 92½ percent favored equal educational opportunities; 83 percent equal employment opportunities; 61 percent nondiscrimination in public accommodations; and 72 percent nondiscrimination in federally assisted projects.

In regard to the wheat program now in effect, only 14 percent favor this program, with 64 percent opposed, and 22 percent not sure about it. In answer to the question: "Do you favor a gradual withdrawal by Government from the farm economy?"-77 percent answered "yes"; only 13 percent "no," with 10 percent "not sure." This is indicative of dissatisfaction with Federal farm controls and programs.

By a 2-to-1 margin, your replies indicated disapproval of the sales of agricultural products to Russia and Communist nations; and 91 percent disapproved of any sales to Com-

Results of 1964 questionnaire .

Percent

Yes No Not sure

------

munist nations on credit terms with the United States guaranteeing the loans.

Another subject, which at present ls generating a great deal of mail, is the legislation to amend the Constitution and permit voluntary Bible reading and prayers in our public schools-77 percent approved of this with only 16 percent voting "no" and 7 percent "not sure."

The people ot Nebraska are still not sold on the value of the foreign aid program, as 81 percent voted disapproval with only 8½ percent approving and 10½ percent not sure. Another significant feature of the poll has brought out that President Johnson has not completely sold his economy talks to the people of the country on the one hand while advocating, on the other hand, the passage of massive new spending programs. In answer to the question: "Do you agree with President Johnson that we can carry out his programs and still reduce the budget?"-82 percent voted "no"; only 7½ percent "yes"; and 10½ percent "not sure." This seems to me to be one of the most significant results of this questionnaire.

I want to thank all of you again for taking the time to fill out the questionnaire, as it is most helpful to me as your Representative in Congress. It enables me to better represent you and your thinking. The results of the questionnaire a.re tabulated in the table that follows.

Percent

Yes No Not sure

------7. Do you favor the civil rights bill now before the Con-

gress? ____________ - --• -- . -- -• - -. -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -8. Do you approve of the following section of the bill

31 40 29

(a) Do you favor this type of program? _____________ 14 64 22 which would guarantee the same rights to all regard-(b) Do you favor flexible price supports and land less of the color of their skin:

retirement? ____________ ----------------------- 28 47 25 (a) Equal voting rights in Federal elections? _______ 90 6 4 (c) Do you favor a gradual withdrawal by Govern- (b) Equal educational opportunities? _______________ 92½ 4 , ment from the farm economy? ________________ 77 13 10 (c) Equal employment opportunities? ______________ 83 10

3½ 7

(d) Do you believe U.S. farmers should be per-mitted to produce a greater percentage of our

(d) Nondiscrimination in public accommodations?_ 61 23 16

1½ (e) Nondiscrimination in federally assisted proj-sugar needs? ___________________________ __ _____ 93½ 5 ects? __ ------------------------------------- __ 72 14 14

9. Do you approve of the manner in which the President is 2. Do you favor selling agricultural products to Russia and Communist nations?---------------------------- 30 59 11 handling-

(a) Do you favor such sales on credit terms with (a) The Panama situation? ________________________ 28 43 29 the United States guaranteeing loans? _______ 4 91 5 (b) Cuba and Castro?---- -------------------------- 12 69 19

(c) Vietnam? __ ---- ------------------------------ --3. Should Congress pass my bill to restrict imports of all 13 58 29 meats to the United States?-------------------------- 75 12 13 (d) Our entire foreign policy? __________ _____ ______ _ 8 66 26

4. Should the Constitution be amended to permit volun- 10. Do you believe that the Monroe Doctrine should be en-tary Bible reading and prayer in our public schools? __ 77 16 7 forced as far as removing Communist governments

from the Western Hernishpere? ___ _______ __ _____ ______ 5. Do you favor continuation of the nuclear test ban 79 10 11 treaty? ____ ------------------------------------------- 43½ 27 29½ 11. The President's so-called "poverty" program would re-

vive the CCC camps and WP A programs of the 6. A bill is pending before Congress to authorize veterans of World War I to receive a pension of $100 per month, thirties at a cost of nearly $1,000,000,000 for the first unless other income exceeds $2,400 if single or $3,600 per year. Do you approve? ___________ ___________ __ ______ 15½ 73½ 11 year with dependents. The estimated cost of this 12. President Johnson has recommended $3,400,000,000 to program the first year, according to the Veterans' carry on the foreign aid program next year. Do you Administration, would be $1,266,247,000. Would you approve? ________ _______ ___ ___________ ____ __ __________ 8½ 81 10½ favor this bill? ________________________________________ 31 54 15 13. Do you agree with President Johnson that we can

Mali Independence Day


HON. ADAM C. POWELL OF NEW YORK


Thursday, June 18. 1964 Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on June

20, Mali will celebrate the fourth anniversary of her independence. Since the House will not be in session on that day,

carry out his programs and still balance the budget? __ 7½ 82 10

we would like to extend warm felicitations today to His Excellency the President of Mall, Modibo Keita; and His Excellency the Ambassador of Mali to the United States, Oumar Sow.

Mali is a landlocked West African country straddling the divide between the arid Sahara to the north and the more cultivable savannah zone to the south. It lies across ancient trade routes between North and sub-Saharan Africa. · The town of Timbuktu, long a symbol to the Westerner of exotic Africa, -ues within its domains. Its name is taken from the powerful and rich empire of

Mali which flourished between the 11th and 17th centuries, reaching its peak in the early 1200's. Around the turn of the century the French obtained control of Mali.

In 1958 Mali, along with most West African French territories, became an autonomous republic within the French community. The next year Mali and several of its neighbors attempted to form a Federation of Mali, but only Senegal and Mali actually united. On June 20, 1960, they became a sovereign state which, however, was dissolved 2 months later.

14394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 18 Since this time Mali has made valiant

efforts to modernize. It is fully cognizant of its limitations. As a landlocked country, it must rely on the good will of its neighbors in order to keep trade routes open to the outside world. Lacking in natural resources, Mali's economy now and in the near future must rely on farming, livestock, and :fishing.

Malj has chosen a socialist model through which to advance. A 5-year development plan through 1965 is concentrating on agriculture as a basis for increasing exports. Later, industry will be developed. Maintaining a strict neutrality, Mali has accepted aid from all sides, including the United States and France. Mali has "Africanized" the state, thus giving talented young Malians a chance to develop their skills.

We salute Mali on its fourth year of independence. With a minimum of corruption and a sense of self-reliance, austerity, and hard work, Mali is moving forward toward a brighter future.

The Foreign-Trade Zones Act

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OJ'

HON. A. FERNOS-ISERN RESIDENT COMMISSIONER FROM PUERTO RICO


Thursday, June 18, 1964 Mr. FERNOS-ISERN. Mr. Speaker,

two anniversaries occur this week which do great honor to two Members of the House. June 18 is the 30th anniversary of the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of 1934 authored by the gentleman from New York the Honorable EMANUEL CELLER, and june 17 is the 14th anniversary of a significant amendment to that act which was sponsored by the gentleman from Louisiana, the Honorable HALE BoGGS. The wisdom and foresight of these distinguished and highly esteemed colleagues is reflected by the fact that the Foreign-Trade Zones Act, as amended, is of ever-increasing usefulness to business firms engaged in international commerce and industry.

The Cell er Act provided for the establishment of Foreign-Trade Zones in or adjacent to U.S. ports of entry, these zones being an American version of the classic trade device known as a free port which had served commerce abroad for several hundred years. The orginal act permitted foreign and domestic merchandise into these zones without payment of customs duties unless and until goods actually entered into the customs territory of the United States. The Boggs amendment enlarged the usefulness of the act by permitting manufacturing to be conducted in these duty-free foreign-trade zones.

Through the years we have seen an increased number of established f orelgntrade zones, and ever-increasing interest in the value of the zone idea for industrial activity. In addition to for .. eign-trade zones in operation in New York City, New Orleans, San Francisco, Seattle, and Toledo, a new zone was established at Mayaguez, P.R., in 1961.

I am proud to cite the fact that the very :first foreign trade zone established solely for industrial purposes is located at Pefiuelas, P.R., in operation there since May 1962. This is a dramatic tribute to the imaginative and useful industrial development efforts of the Economic Development Administration of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Much of the recent activity and rising interest in the Foreign-Trade Zones Act may be attributed to increased attention to overall international trade and to more effective employment of the act for the purpose for which it was intended-to expedite and encourage our foreign commerce. Favorable developments in more effective use of the zone idea are in no small part due to the skillful and visionary administration of the Foreign-Trade Zones Act by the Foreign-Trade Zones Board headed by our distinguished Secretary of Commerce, Luther H. Hodges.

ARA, if It Could Eschew Crass Politics, Could Be Helpful


HON. BURT L. TALCOTT . OF CALIFORNIA



Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, a major persistent problem among small industries is their inability to diversify into new products and :fields and to conduct research to keep up with changing technologies. ARA could help here. For example, in 1960 Kentucky was stimulated by a $750,000 Kellogg Foundation grant to launch a 7-year pilot program to develop the depressed eastern region of the State. Among the "resource development" team sent out was Gilbert Brown, a University of Kentucky forestry and wood utilization specialist, because three-fourths of the 33 eastern counties is forested. In 2 years Brown was able to talk scores of operators into adopting enough new methods and products to measurably increase production and employment through the eastern Kentucky wood use industry. He saw more was needed.

The more I talked to the sa wmillers and other lumber operators, the more I realized the need for something for small businessmen like our Agricultural Research and Extension Service which revolutionized our farming three decades ago. Most of these small businessmen are in the same state of anarchic independence our farmers were then. They run one-man operations with a total lack of research and marketing development facilities and the expert's broad knowledge.

So Brown turned to the ARA and in May 1962 got a $642,000 grant for the university to establish in Jackson, Ky., the nation's :first Wood Use Demonstration and Training Center. Equipped with the latest machines, it will show lumber operators the most modern production techniques and product ideas and train their workers to use the new equipment and methods. Though the

Center opened just last February-1964-Brown estimates it will release vast new energies to stimulate the surrounding Appalachian forest region in several States, adding over the next 5 years 3,000 new jobs and annual payroll of $7,500,000.

This is the sort of thing ARA should seek to inspire all over the Nation. For unless it gets back to the job intended for it, ARA could become the initial step toward a hierarchy of Moscow-style local planning soviets and state-financed industries that will spell the early demise of our free enterprise system.

A congressional investigation of the present operation of ARA should be made before any further moneys are allotted to it.

"Importance of the Coal Industry" -Address by Senator Byrd of West Virginia


-HON. JOHN SHERMAN COOPER OF KENTUCKY

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES


Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, the distinguished Senator from West Virginia, ROBERT C. BYRD, was recently one of the principal speakers at the 47th Annual Convention of the National Coal Association. Because the coal industry is one of the major foundations of a prosperous society, Senator BYRD focused his attention on the outlook for its future. He found that it now has all the elements needed to make it a succ~ss.

Senator BYRD said the coal industry could be the springboard to full employment in Appalachia. He said it holds the key to new developments in chemicals, medicines, and other necessary phases of our daily lives.

The studies now underway in the Office of Coal Research have more than justified the hopes of the men who sponsored the Government projects, the Senator added.

But, as we all know, much help is still needed to clear the way for a healthy growth of the industry, in keeping with the needs of an expanding population. Unfortunately, Senator BYRD found a formidable stumbling block, in the form of residual oil imports, thrown in the path of this development.

Mr. President, Senator BYRD said in one sentence what economists have tried to explain with complicated charts and :figures, when he stated:

It is obviously folly to force the taxpayer to underwrite artificial economic respiration when the natural, normal, reasonable, inexpensive road to recovery can be opened merely by reducing the tanker traffic that has saturated the Atlantic seaboard with an unneeded, objectionable, and injurious foreign commodity.

Because of the importance of this address to the problems facing the country at this time, I ask unanimous consent

1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 14395 that it be printed at this point in the RECORD,

There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: ADDRESS BY SENATOR ROBERT C. BYRD BEFORE

THE NATIONAL COAL ASSOCIATION CONVENTION, NEW YORK HILTON HOTEL, NEW YORK CITY, JUNE 16, 1964 If the computers used for predicting elec

tions were to analyze the outcome of this convention on the basis of early returns, I am confident that they would forecast a great day for West Virginia. In a little more than an hour, our State has produced three speakers.

But we are a generous people and neither Mr. Salvati, nor Mr. Tierney, nor I have any intention of taking advantage of this forum to extol the virtues of West Virginia or to enter any special pleas for our State. As spokesman for commercial producers and sales companies throughout the country, National Coal has a national responslb1llty.

While I have in the past and will continue to work pr imarily in the interest of West Virginia, I assure you that I shall do everything possible to bring about the resuscitation of the coal industry in all our Inining States. Because a going coal industry can contribute so importantly to the national economy and is a vital component of the defense structure, there ls no gainsaying the truism that what is good for coal is good for America. I am confident, for instance, that there is a great potential for Inining States in the Rocky Mountain area, and I believe its development should be encouraged.

The coal industry has always been an important part of my life. The head of my faxnily was a coal miner. I know the disappointment of having an evening go by without the sound of the whistle signifying work on the morrow. I have lived through weeks, and even months, of that silence. It ls an indelible experience. Perhaps, in balance, it tends to enrich one's life, to make him more appreciative of better times. Furthermore, those memories of workless days-and the knowledge that they continue to persist-strengthen one's determination to do everything possible toward improving the position of the coal industry and the lot of the miners.

Their fortunes--or misfortunes-are linked closely to the success of this convention. Your sessions on investments in the coal industry, on research, on market outlook as described by representatives of your industrial customers, on exports-what evolves in these sessions can have a most important bearing on the economic outlook of everyone who works in the mines, of all who transport coal, who produce supplies and equipment for the coal industry, whose bank or market or clothing store is located in a coal region.

The national coal convention has a collateral advantage. It provides the meeting place for exchanges of ideas during informal get-togethers. Conversations of this kind are often more productive than formal business sessions. I enjoy sitting down whenever possible with Steve Dunn and Bob Hall, whose judgment about the coal industry and the people in it is highly respected by everyone in Washington. We recently put together a list of recommendations for Government action that would benefit coal, and I have placed these suggestions before President Johnson.

Because of the administration's determination to improve the situation in Appalachia, there would seem to be definite hope for an acceleration of the economy of the coal industry in this area. I personally have felt that the Appalachia CommJssion committed a serious oversight in not declaring imported residual oil a major cause of unemployment.

Because coal's resurgence would be the springboard to a healthy Appalachia, I have recommended that the Government undertake a thorough study of the impact of foreign oil in this region. You and I know the debilitating effect of too much foreign oil. I think that this phase of Appalachia's problems needs to be made an official part of the record. The study could be carried out either through the Area Redevelopment Administration or as part, of the Appalachian program. I am convinced that such a study would show that coal sales could increase by almost a quarter of a billion dollars if this fuel were to serve the east coast markets captured by foreign oil shippers. Add $180 million for railroad freight traffic. When these figures become a part of an official Government document, I doubt that even the New York and New England oil merchants would dare protest cutbacks in residual oil imports. It is obviously folly to force the taxpayer to underwrite artificial economic respiration when the natural, normal, reasonable, inexpensive road to recovery can be opened merely by reducing the tanker traffic that has saturated the Atlantic seaboard with an unneeded, objectionable, and injurious foreign commodity.

Being realistic, we who are working for coal do not expect all competitive foreign residual oil to be kept from our shores, regardless of the justification of our cause.

Because of the rapid development in longdistance transmission of electricity, imported power is another competitor that could preempt a sizable proportion of the continually expanding energy market and seriously stunt coal's growth. Through tariffs and subventions, Canada has effectively blocked large volumes of the traditional flow of U.S. coal across her border. For this country to accept abnormal amounts of the Dominion's hydroelectric power while these conditions prevail must not be tolerated.

On the credit side, the State Department has been making a determined effort to convince foreign nations of the desirability of removing prohibitory tariffs, ·controls, and other devices that discrixninate against our own coal exports. I have asked the President to take a personal interest in this program, for unless restrictions are removed it is a foregone conclusion that coal and oil from the Communist bloc wm move into markets which the U.S. coal industry is prepared to serve. I have suggested that both the State and Commerce Departments distribute abroad wherever practical the brochure on coal exports prepared some months ago by NCA.

Adjustment of Panama Canal tolls to permit greater flexib111ty for U.S. coal shipments to Far East markets could also help the industry materially. I have also asked the White House to issue an Executive order compelling all Government agencies and defense installations to make fuel selections from fair and impartial evaluations of present and anticipated fuel costs and ava11-ab111ty. Recent meetings I have had-and at which Mr. Coryell of NCA has been present--with Defense and otheT Department officials are already producing results: We have succeeded in halting conversions from coal at certain defense facilities, and we are getting the same consideration for coal or electric heating equipment as ls given to other sources of heat in other Federal facilities.

Now let us look briefly at the atom, which was not expected to become a serious competitor of coal in the electric power market for some years to come. Developments within the past several months necessitate an immediate reappraisal.

The drastic reduction in cost of constructing nuclear powerplants has introduced a new form of competition in areas not too far removed from the mine mouth. The situation becomes more acute through direct

and hidden subsidies provided by the Federal Government.

Rather than continue to use Treasury funds for the stimulation of coal industry competition, it would seem more logical to intensify research to find new and expanded uses for coal. As a member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, I stand ready to support any reasonable endeavor that may lead to the breakthrough coal needs. Some of the projects already initiated show encouraging signs. Some wm unquestionably fail to meet feasibility examinations.

As you are well aware, the pace of projects originating in the Office of Coal Research has been agonizingly slow. Those of us who were responsible for getting the bill establishing the Office of Coal Research through Congress, while recognizing that research is time consuming and requires the utmost patience, had nevertheless anticipated quicker starts for the more attractive projects. We had in mind immediate rather than long-range results. In all of our hearings on appropriations for the Department of the Interior, I attempt to determine just how the Office of Coal Research program can be expedited.

Now I can report to the convention that the logjam appears to be broken and the Office of Coal Research program is being accelerated. The Office of Coal Research has provided the Senate Appropriations Committee with an up-to-date calendar of OCR's activities, and I am happy to say this month of June wm go down as a landmark in the annals of coal research.

In the past week contracts have been signed for the Kellogg gasification project, the Consol lignite gasification program, and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute optimization of underground mining processes. These negotiations involve more than $2¼ m1llion.

Unless unforeseen obstacles arise, these additional contracts will be signed before the month is out: The Institute of Gas Technology plan which-with the Kellogg and Bituminous Coal Research contracts--will complete our gasification package; the Atlantic Refining Co.'s research undertaking to use coal combined with residual oil for powerplants; the Penn State petrography project; and Battelle Institute's low ash market survey. These four contracts run into almost $3 million, bringing the total negotiated for the month of June to more than $5¼ Inillion. Its presents a Inighty encouraging outlook for the coal industry.

Last December I took advantage of an invitation from Steve Dunn to visit the Bituminous Coal Research Laboratory in Monroevme, near Pittsburgh. I congratulate the coal industry and supporting railroadS, electric companies, and others involved in the construction and operation of this outstanding research facility. A person need not possess any technical background to appreciate the effort that ls being expended at Bituminous Coal Research.

I should like to say parenthetically that I consider Bituminous Coal Research's activities prerequisite to Government interest in coal research. Members of the Appropriations Committee have shown considerable interest in the extent to which the coal industry is willing to invest in research and development, and it is always comforting to me to be able to point to the laboratory at Monroeville as a symbol of coal industry confidence in research potential.

Bituminous Coal Research's roster of scientists and engineers obviously does not include meteorologists, else I am sure that they would not have recommended a visit there on December 23, 1963. I left the laboratory to return to Washington shortly after noon in the worst snowstorm of the winter. Plows on the Pennsylvania Turnpike could not keep apace with the storm, and there was a very serious question as to whether I would be back with my family for Christmas.

14396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 18 To make matters worse, it was dark through the last 4 hours of the trip, making driving much more difficult in the blinding snow.

Ptolemy, the renowned mathematician, astronomer, and geographer, was handicapped in putting together his system of geography because he accepted as positions of latitude the computations from itineraries and statements of travelers. Now, I do not expect anyone to base his research effort on my experience of last December 23, yet I cannot recommend that you attempt a trip under similar conditions. So let me just inquire whether coal might not work itself into an important role in the Nation's highway program.

The lines might serve yet another purpose. What about an electrified rapid transit system down the median, or even beneath the roadbed? Yesterday I had my first subway ride. I understand that the heat from the New York subways is a deterrent to snow and ice on the pavement above.

of inventions, one of which was the revolving chair. This novel device made the third President a sitting target for criticism from his political enemies, who accused him of designing it so as to look all ways at once.

Why are modern highways not illuminated? I asked myself this question that night, and later I asked an engineer the same question. He said that the relatively small power load would not justify the expense of stringing lines along the distant roadways. So I asked another question that occurred to me on the drive from Monroeville.

Powerllnes, illuminated and dry roads, r apid transit--all on one right-of-way? What are the possibilities? I have not been able to get an answer to this question, but I find the whole picture somewhat alluring.

You and I know that in a few short years most of the Atlantic seaboard will be one great megalopolis, and a rapid transit system will connect this continuous swath of homes, plants, schools, offices • • • and humanity. It would require a good volume of coal to generate the electricity for our dream highway and rapid transit from Boston to Miami, though I suppose our friends in the foreign oil business would want increased quotas to serve this market.

Coal people and their friends must continue to watch the established enemy-foreign residual oil-that moves relentlessly into the Atlantic seaboard, dumped, yes, with its double standard of pricing, the threat of hydroelectric power from the north, and subsidized atomic competition wherever it may emerge. But the industry will move forward only if we set our sights on the years ahead and join in common cause--operators, union, railroads, suppliers, equipment makers, and all allied industries-to achieve the production and the sales that can and will be available in America's growing economy. I am confident that this convention will provide an important springboard toward realization of this objective.

Would the use of electricity to heat roadbeds-to keep them free of snow and to dry them off in rainy weather-be too limited to consider this additional safety factor? Probably, I was given to understand, yet the savings in human life and property is an important consideration.

Public Opinion Poll


HON. JOHN J. RHODES OF ARIZONA



But perhaps there are still other considerations that deserve looking into. The Keystone plant, east of Pittsburgh and the Allegheny System plant near Morgantown will generate electricity that is to be carried over long distance transmission lines into Philadelphia and New York. Could not planning for such cross-country lines coincide with highways designs so that the same towers could carry wires serving lighting and heating systems for the roadways? Or is it possible that the heat losses from those lines, if placed underground, would be sufficient to keep the road above free of snow?

Perhaps in the Bituminous Coal Research Laboratory, or maybe at the University of West Virginia, but so long as we are willing to conduct an intense research program for coal, the day cannot be far off when the breakthrough will come and open new vistas for the industry. The big payoff may evolve out of projects already underway--or from some of those for which the Office of Coal Research has just contracted. In the pursuit of these projects, our research teams might stumble over something not yet visualized, as in Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin or William Perkin's recognizing history's first synthetic dye while experimenting with a coal-tar derivative in his search for synthetic quinine.

We cannot, of course, depend entirely upon research. We cannot relax in our crusades against unfair competitive practices that tend to coal's disadvantage. Thomas Jefferson, the first administrator of the American patent system, himself had a number

Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, under leave previously granted, I wish to include the results of my public opinion poll, which I sent to my constituent.s on May 20, 1964. Tabulations made of the polls returned through June 12 totaled approximately 6,000, or about 22 percent of the number mailed:

' 1. How would you vote on a constitutional amendment to permit voluntary prayer in public schools? _______________________________________ _ 2. How would you vote on the idea of paying for medical care of the aged through the social security system? _________________ _____ _______ ___ _ 3. In the civil rights bill, which passed the House, there are 10 titles considered to be controversial. Please check how you would vote on each.

(a) Voting: Strengthens previous laws; calls for standardized literacy tests for Federal elections; 6th-grade education is evidence of literacy_ (b) Public accommodations: No discrimination by any establishment or service that has any contact with interstate commerce _____ _ (c) Public facilities: Permits the Government to file suit and argue cases, on complaint, of discrimination in any publicly owned facilities_ (d) Education: The Attorney General can file suits to force desegregation; authorizes aid to communities that are trying to desegregate - - _ (e) Civil Rights Commission: Continues the present Commission for 4 more years; prohibits it from investigating the policies of private groups __ ___ __ ___ ___ __ _____ __ ____________ _________ ____ __ _____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ _______ __ ___ __ ___ ___ _______ _____ _____ _______ ____ ____ ----(f) Federal aid: Prohibits discrimination in distributing Federal aid. Agencies may cut off aid only after bearings, court review, noti-

fying Congress, and receiving Presidential approvaL _____ ____ __________ ___ -------_______ -- ___ --- -------- --------- ------ ---- -----(g) Employment: Prohibits discrimination by private employers and unions on the basis of race or sex. Nonemployment of atheists

and Communists is not considered discrimination ____ ____ __ _____ _____ __ ______ -----------------------------------------------------(h) Voting census: Directs the Census Bureau to take a census of voters by race in areas designated by the Civil Rights Commission.

This could lead to reducing representation in the House by invoking the 14th amendment_ ____ --------------------------------(1) Remand: Permits appeal, on a Federal court order that refuses to take a civil rights case out of a State court even though such appeals are not permitted in other legal cases ______ ____ __ __ ___ ___ __ _________ _____ ___ __________ ____________ __ __ _______ __ ------- -___ --------(j) Conciliation: Establishes a community relations and conciliation service in the Commerce Department to conciliate racial disputes_ (k) R ow would you vote on the whole bill?_----·---- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. In regard to Cuba, would you-

(~~ ~~s:UfrfJ~0:~;s~!~~~~t! ~s \;~/f o ~fee~~~er-?~~=== == == = = == ::::: :: :=::: = : =:::: = : :: :: = == == == =: :::: :: = =:::::: :: ::: :: : :: ===:::

(c) Put on a blockade against strategic materials only? __ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------(d) Put on a blockade against any commerce in any materials? __________ ______ ______________ __________ _______________________________ _

~~~ g~a~z~o~:e~t1o1:i!~fu:c!~~!c!~~~fJ'~~sinc~t;~i~~~::::::::===:: :=:=:::::: ::::::: :=:::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5. In regard to Panama, would you-

(~~ r::~ i~ ;;~~:oif !f !fh!~~\i~ \~:a\~t ~r_e_~~~~: :: :: :: :: ::::::: ::::::::::::::: :: : : ::: :: :: : : : :::: ::::: ::::::: :: ::::: :: : :: : : :: :: :: : ::: (c) Agree to renegotiate payments to Panama?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\~~ ~~:: fge\¥:I~tJt~fe:X-b~ae~~~!r ~ !h1?v!r~:i~1::::::::: ::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::: 6. In respect to Vietnam, do you believe we should- •

~~ g~~i~~e our support at the present rate? ___________________________ • _____________________________________________________________ :_ ( c) Increase our support? _____ _____ ________ _____ ________ ________ ___ ____________________________________ --·--·-______________________ __ _ (d) Strike at the bases in North Vietnam used to supply the Vietcong? _______________________________________________________________ _

7. When a nation expropriates American property and holdings, should we-(a) Intervene militarily to satisfy our claims? _____ _______ ____________________ ________________ ________ _________ ________________________ _ (b) Use all diplomatic channels to firmly insist on payment?---- ---------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Deny the nation all foreign aid until payment is made?----------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. In regard to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, do you think we should-(a) A ban don it? _______ ___ _____ __ ______ ____ ____________ _____ __ __________________________________________________________ ----· ________ --(b) Strengthen it by desling with the Soviets only after we have NATO approval? __________ _________________________________________ _

~f) ~i~~~!~~o:~s!~f ;~fi~~~~-~-~-~~~-~-~-o-~-~-~r-~~:~~:::::::::_-_-::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9. As to trade with Communist nations, would you belleve-

(a) It should be done only for dollars or gold?_----- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------·----(b) It should be done on the basis of loans and credits, as with our allies?. ____________________________________________________________ _ ( c) Not at all? __________________________________________________________________________ ---·-----· __________________ ------------------

Percentage results

Yes No Not sure

75 21 4 23 68 9

23 68 9 36 57 7 36 58 6 36 58 6

50 33 17

61 31 8

61 31 8

17 65 18

18 61 21 18 61 21 22 63 15

7 89 4 7 89 4

40 55 5 70 24 6 70 24 6 88 7 5

62 28 10 62 28 10 41 48 11 21 67 12 21 67 12

27 64 9 13 78 9 13 78 9 77 14 9

40 46 14 40 46 14 92 6 2

19 65 16 19 65 16 rn 21 22 25 43 32

25 43 32 11 86 3 50 36 14

1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 1439'7

Percentage results

Yes No Not sure ------

10. Since 1960, do you feel the U.S. prestige in the world-(a) Has increased? _______________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________ _ 50 36 14 (b) Has decreased? _____________________________________ _________________________________ ______________________________ _______________ _ 83 13 4 ( c) Has not changed? _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _ 27 64 9 11. How do you feel in regard to disarmament? (a) It would be a mistake to consider disarmament at this time _____________________ __________________________________________________ _ 27 64 9

(b) Universal disarmament should begin, but be done in stages, with thorough inspection and control_ _______________________________ _ (c) The United States should begin disarming regardless of others, as an example to the rest of the world _____________________________ _

57 37 6 4 94 2

12. In regard to unemployment, do you believe the Federal Government should-(a) Assume full responsibility for solving the problem?_------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 94 2 (b) Share the responsibility with the States and free enterprise? _______________________________________________________________________ _ 63 34 3 (c) Allow the States and free enterprise to solve the problem? ________________________________ ______________________ ___________________ _

13. How would you vote on establishing a Job Corps with work-training camps throughout the country? _____________________________________ _ 66 29 5 66 29 5

14. Should a Domestic Peace Corps be established to provide training and services upon local request? ____ ------------------------------------ 34 53 13 15. How would you vote on a federally subsidized retraining program for people whose skills have become or will become outdated? ___________ _ 44 44 12 16. Generally speaking, would you consider yourself-(a) A liberal _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ _ 44 44 (b) A conservative_. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _

80 18 ( c) An independent ________________________________________ _______________________________ __ _________________________________________ _ 55 39

Male Female 17. To help analyze the results of this survey, please check one_______________________________________ _____________________ 55 40 18. In terms of age, are you 1-

(a) Under 30? _ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 ---------- ----------(b) From 30 to 45? ___ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30

~t :rJ"~: tg1 to 60? ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 25

1 5 percent did not answer question 18.

Independence Day of Kuwait


HON. ADAM C. POWELL OF NEW YOBX


Thursday, June 18, 1964 Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, tomor

row, June 19, Kuwait will celebrate the third anniversa.ry of her independence. On this great occasion, I would like to extend warm and personal felicitations to His Highness the Ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Sir Abdullah al-Salim al-Subah; and His Excellency the Kuwait Ambassador to the United States, Talat alGhoussein.

I was privileged to visit the wonderful country of Kuwait last year, and this memorable experience left me with a sincere feeling of admiration for a nation which has made great strides to assist the common man. I am very pleased, therefore, to congratulate Kuwait on this happy occasion.

On June 19, 1961, the Government of this tiny sheikdom assumed autonomy from British protection and guidance. Since that memorable date, ma.gnificent and remarkable deeds have continued to occur within and emanate from this enlightened country. Established as a complete welfare state, Kuwait furnishes to its citizens health benefits, edupation, and housing. Even schoolchildren receive free clothing, food, and pocket money. Moreover, the per capita income of its citizens is $3,360, with a standard of living equivalent to or higher than the most industrialized nations of the free world.

The city of Kuwait, itself, has undergone an overwhelming and amazing transition. Wide streets, lined with gleaming concrete buildings, push into the desert tracts as the city limits expand. Parks and gardens give the city an oasis-like appearance, an expensive undertaking since the upkeep of one tree

OX--906

costs on the average of $250 a year. Electricity, telephone service, and running water, all free to the Kuwaiti residents, are now standard equipment in each home.

Recent decisions by the Government of Kuwait have made this small nation enormously important to the Arab world. As banker for many development schemes which have been initiated in the neighboring states, Kuwait has assumed the title "Wall Street of the Middle East." Sudan received a loan of $19,600,000 for the modernization of its railroads. Jordan was lent $21 million for agricultural and industrial projects. For its refugees, Algeria was granted $5.6 million. The latest loan was to Iraq, $84 million for reconstruction purposes. Financial backing for these projects originated with the Kuwait International Consultants, Ltd., a fund having a potential capital of $1.4 billion, whose purpose is massive finance for Arab progress. Dr. Eugene Black, former head of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and now in charge of this fund, declared that "This will be one of the world's greatest financial forces," truly a remarkable tribute to an agency which only came into existence 2 years ago.

The key to this success has been oil. Kuwait is now the largest oil producer in the Middle East and the fourth largest in the world. Its oil revenues total some $560 million annually. New fields have been discovered within territorial waters as well as in the neutral zones, whose revenues are shared equally by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. With a known 62-billion-barrel oil reserve, the largest in the world, the revenues cannot but increase.

The Kuwait Government is presently planning for the future, a future when oil reserves will have been depleted. Fresh water distillation and powerplants are rapidly being constructed. Kuwait's harbor facilities entitle it to be called the world's largest oil Port. Other in-

'

dustries, such as glass, tire, ship repair yards, textiles, paper, soap, and :fl.sh canning, are under proposal for immediate implementation, enabling Kuwait to have a diversified economy. Furthermore, the extent of the country's investments and holdings abroad are estimated to be around $1.5 billion.

It is therefore with deep admiration that I extend my greetings to the Kuwait people on their third anniversary of independence. With the implementation of proposed schemes by their astute leaders, they are assured for the future continued prosperity and security. It is my sincerest wish that the amicable relations which now exist between the United States and Kuwait continue to progress and flourish, thereby setting an example for the world community.

Let Us Demand Immediate End to Red Anti-Semitism


HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN OF MASSACHUSETTS


Thursday, June 18, 1964 Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I am dis

tressed as all true Americans are about the tragic plight of the Jewish people in Russia. More than 2 years ago I officially protested these intolerable conditions.

It is truly incredible that in this 20th century, in this advanced, atomic, nuclear age when people are considered to be so enlightened and civilized, that any government, however committed to totalitarian ideas, should be seeking and moving as the Russian Government is, to pursue a course which, in effect, in some respects constitutes ruthless, spiritual genocide against the great Jewish race.

14398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE June 18

To people inured as we are to American principles and ideals of free constitutional government, to religious and civic liberty and all the cherished safeguards of the American free way of life, the deliberate, systemized attacks upon Judaism, its social, cultural, and religious roots and practices, its very culture and spirit, attacks designed in time to stagnate and to obliterate the rights, privileges, and status of the Jewish people inside the Soviet Union, constitutes such an outrageous offense against human decency, the rule of law, the rights of minorities, and such flagrant disregard of human rights as to be totally beyond even our imagination in this enlightened day and age.

Religious intolerance, ruthless suppression of the individual, and racial and personal animosity and destruction is not new to the policies and action of the Soviet Union. But we of the free world are shocked to learn of such horrifying offenses against the Jewish people, a people who throughout all history, have made such fabulous contributions to the growth and development of civilized institutions and the free way of life.

Long since, the Soviet has acted to drive out practically every vestige of free, selective, religious worship, as we know it in this country and the free world, from the boundaries of Russia.

It is a startling and sobering fact that few evangelical churches of the Christian faith are allowed to exercise their sacred function in Russia. The autocratic, super-state strictly controls religious worship and practice in the Soviet Union within the framework of a state church that is a mere creature of the government.

While it is recognized that no freedom. as we know it, is permissible in Russia, except that which is autocratically directed, the American people and the free peoples of the world look with dismay, alarm, and incensed feelings upon the ruthless persecution being conducted against the Jews and their institutions in Russia.

I think it is our sworn duty as Members of Congress and as human beings interested in our fellow man and the cause of freedom, justice, and brotherhood in the world, to protest against the campaign which the Soviet Government is currently waging to destroy Judaism and all its works and cruelly and shamefully to persecute the Jews in the Soviet Union.

It is said that this persecution is an internal matter with which other nations have no concern. But this is brazen semantics, not a valid answer, when the rights of decent, religious-minded human beings are being so flagrantly denied and flouted by antireligious, antidemocratic, despotic leaders and by vicious persecution of a religious group that should not be tolerated in any civilized community.

We speak, not in behalf of Political rights for the Jews, because we know that under prevailing conditions, they have no such rights in the Soviet Union. But we do speak in behalf of the human rights of the Jews which they and all peoples should have as members of the human race---rights that are recognized and honored by civilized nations. rights

that draw their sanction from the moral codes of mankind from which all law in the world is drawn, and we speak for the helpless, the inarticulate whose voices and hands are stilled by brutal oppression and tyranny, whose right to worship is grossly violated by powercrazed dictators, a people whose very existence as human beings is challenged and threatened, whose status is unrecognized and obliterated.

If international law and convention is to have any force and effect, any respect in this world, some way must be found now without delay to bring about the cessation of oppression and persecution of the Jews in Russia.

With all my heart, I protest against these outrages and I am urging the great President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson, and our State Department, to take up this matter at once with the Soviet Government, to use its urgent good offices to bring to its attention the existing intolerable persecution of the Jews and, if necessary, to bring these violations of human rights before the United Nations so that in every way possible the organized forces of righteousness and morality of mankind may be given the opportunity to move speedily in a determined, collective action to end once and for all these outrages directed against the religious and racial practices and human rights of the Jewish people in the Soviet Union.

By no means is this situation an internal matter for the determination of the Government of the Soviet Union alone. This is a human question, one affecting profoundly vital human rights, precious and indispensable to every human being regardless of race or religion, and it is for the righteous, God-fearing, freedom-loving peoples of the world to lift their voices in protest and in unison, and make their strong wishes felt to succor, spare, and liberate the innocent victims of this astonishing, abominable persecution that smacks of the law of the jungle.

Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent I wish to have included in the RECORD as part of my remarks the text of my statement to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs in June of 1962 on the subject of the captive European nations. I believe this statement was the first appeal submitted to the committee calling for full exposure of anti-Semitic activities in the Soviet.

The statement follows: STATEMENT OF HON. PHILIP J, PHILBIN, MEM

BER OF CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITI'EE ON EUROPE OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE CAPTIVE EUROPEAN NATIONS

I am honored and pleased to join today with my valued colleagues in this most impressive and convincing presentation on the vital subject of the "Captive European Nations." At the outset, I would like to express my warm appreciation to my very able and distinguished friend, the Honorable JOHN S. MONAGAN, of Connecticut, who has assumed the direction of these hearings at the request of our able, distinguished colleague, the Honorable EDNA F. KELLY, for the opportunity to be heard in support of freedom from Soviet imperialism for all the unhappy peoples behind the Iron Curtain. Let me commend the members of this outstanding sub-

committee for their great work in holding out the hand of friendship, encouragement, and cooperation to the oppressed captive nations in their quest for personal liberty, justice, and peace.

As one of the original sponsors of the captive nations resolutions, I am particularly glad to commend and salute this great subcommittee, which has already heard valuable testimony from persons having a knowledge of conditions in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Rumania. The subcommittee is rendering great service by arranging these important hearings.

Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, let us make it clear to the gallant peoples behind the Iron Curtain that we are truly inspired by their courage and their fight for freedom in the face of oppressions, tyranny, and terror.

Let us keep bright the burning flame of liberty and self-determination which the ruthless and powerful Soviet masters have been unable to smother despite their chains, their brainwashing, their malign persecutions, their mass starvation tactics, their brutal suppression of the individual, their harsh and brutal treatment of religion, their destruction of culture, and their relentless and incessant warfare against free institutions.

None of these brutal and horrible deeds, continuing to this day under the yoke of Red slavery and tyranny, has managed to suppress the shining armor of courage, spirit, and loyalty of the helpless small nations behind the Iron Curtain whose peoples look to America for hope, encouragement, and assistance in being liberated from Communist bondage.

Not too long ago the world was shocked by a renewed wave of anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union as part of the intensified atheistic propaganda campaign against all creeds. These outrageous incidents and malicious outbursts have left a deep sense of outrage among all enlightened peoples and races and serve as another reminder of the cynical duplicity of the Communists who constantly engender and promote racial hatred and strife in their unrelenting efforts to create misunderstanding and division wherever they have infiltrated.

The heart of every true American is stirred with profound indignation over these antiSemitic incidents in the Soviet and I urge that this great subcommittee explore fully this latest example of Communist intolerance a:nd assault upon human dignity and rights.

The liberation of enslaved milllons who are the victims of cruel oppression, exploitation, and aggression remains the great challenge of the hour. I urge this outstanding subcommittee of the great and powerful House Committee on Foreign Affairs to let it be known in its report that the United States stands firm and resolute on a policy to give encouragement and help to the captive European nations and oppressed peoples everywhere. Let it be known throughout the world that our Nation is behind them in their efforts to restore freedom and liberty to their unhappy lands.

Let us pledge anew our hearts and hopes in the liberation and aspirations of the captive nations to help speed the day of their deliverance from tyranny and slavery. Let us hold out the hand of friendship and assistance to these helpless and downtrodden peoples so that they may soon regain in full measure the great liberties they cherish.

It ls a great privilege for me to appear before this able and distinguished Subcommittee on Europe and I am very thankful to you, Mr. Chairman, and the other members of the subcommittee for this opportunity to be heard. Again, let me compliment and commend you for arranging these important and valuable hearings on the captive European nations.

1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 14399 Celebration of 50th Anniversary of Open•

ing of Panama Canal by the Panama Canal Society of Washington, D.C.

EXTENSION OF REMARKS Oi'

HON. SPESSARD L. HOLLAND OF FLORIDA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

Thursday, June 18, 1964 Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, one of

the notable events occurring in Washington in recent days was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal by the Panama Canal Society of Washington, D.C. I am indebted to the Honorable Joseph A. Cheeseman, the outgoing president of that organization, for his kindness in furnishing me a copy of the minutes of the meeting at which this celebration was held. Because of the great interest of Members of the Senate and the public in the Panama Canal, I ask unanimous consent to have a copy of these minutes printed in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the minutes were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: TwENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

PANAMA CANAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C., 60TH ANNIVERSARY 01' OPENING OF PANAMA CANAL

The 50th anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal was celebrated on June 6, 1964, at the National Lawyers Club, by the Panama Canal Society of Washington, D.C., at its 29th annual meeting.

The officers of the society, 1963-64, were Joseph A. Cheeseman, president; Andrew W. Dewling, vice president; and Matthew C. O'Hearn and Col. George S. Brady, secretarytreasurer. The conunittee on arrangements consisted of Col. David R. Wolverton, Col. George S. Brady, chairman, and George Colburg.

The toastmaster was the Honorable Maurice H. Thatcher, of Kentucky, former Member of Congress, Civil Governor of the Canal Zone, and sole surviving member of the Isthmian Canal Commission, serving more than 3 years during peak construction, 1910-13. He 1s also past president and honorary life president of the society.

President Johnson sent a telegram to the society in which he noted that "President Theodore Roosevelt referred to your members as 'good soldiers• and we do not forget that your hard work, sacrifice, and devotion 60 years ago were essential to this great engineering triumph." The telegram in full follows:

[ Western Union telegram] THE WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON,

June 6, 1964. Col. GEORGE 8. BRADY, USAR, Retired, Secretary, Panama Canal Soctety of Wash

ington, Bethesda, Md.: Please convey to the members of the

Panama Canal Society my warm greetings on this special occasion, the runnual meeting of the Panama Canal Society, which this year marks the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal.

President Theodore Roosevelt referred to your members as "good soldiers" and we do not forget that your hard work, sacrifice, and devotion 50 years ago were essential to this great engineering triumph.

I salute each of you and send to each of you my best wishes, for health and happiness.

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

All of the officers of the society were reelected for the ensuing year, except that Benjamin M. W1lliams, former superintendent of schools in the Canal Zone was elected president. Colonel Brady will continue as secretary-treasurer, until shortly someone is chosen to replace him.

In addition to former officials and employees of the construction era, the society also includes a number of those who have served the Panama Canal organization since the canal was opened to traffic in 1914, and members of the Department of Defense who have served on the isthmus. Thus, its membership is representative of various professions, businesses, and skilled trades in these connections, as well as members of the Army and Navy Establishments. Other Panama Canal societies are located in Arkansas, Chicago, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Seattle, and Virginia.

Called to order by President Cheeseman, the 29th annual meeting of the Panama Canal Society of Washington, D.C., opened with the pledge of allegiance to the flag, invocation, and enumeration of deceased members of the society during the past year, led by Col. David R. Wolverton. President Cheeseman made some remarks, now shown, and turned over the program to the toastmaster, Governor Thatcher.

PRESIDENT CHEESEMAN'S REMARKS

Members of the society and invited guests. As you may know, I have the honor of being President of the Panama Canal Society of Washington, D.C., and it is my duty to conduct the business of this meeting. During the course of the program, Governor Thatcher will act as toastmaster. The year of 1964 is the 50th anniversary of the formal opening of the Panama Canal, which occurred on August 15, 1914, and was marked by the passage of the first vessel, the Ancon, when it transited the canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific. All of you, of course, are welcome here. We are indeed very happy to have you present. It becomes my duty and pleasure to present as toastmaster, one who is, of course, well known to all of you, and who for more than a half century, has always sought to serve the best interests of the canal, both on the isthmus and in and out of Congress; and also the like interests of the builders of the canal; and those who since have operated and defended it. Indeed, he has always been the effective friend of the entire isthmus. As you well know, he was signally honored by the Congress of the United States, in naming for him the new $20 million bridge across the canal, which was dedicated on October 12, 1962. He served as a member of the Isthmian Canal Commission, of which he is now the sole survivor; and as Civil Governor of the Canal Zone, during the construction era. He needs no introduction. Permit me to present as toastmaster, the Honorable Maurice H. Thatcher.

REMARKS OF GOVERNOR THATCHER

Mr. President, members and guests, I am very glad indeed, to meet with you once more, and to act again as your toastmaster. This society, made up, basically, of surviving employees and officials of the Panama Canal enterprise of the construction era, has inevitably lost the greater number of the older members because of the relentless passage of time. Yet some of us of the oldtimer vintage yet survive, and we must needs throw the torch to those of the succeeding generations, the operators and defenders of the canal, beginning with its formal opening on August 16, 1914.

As to the oldtimers, they performed a truly great and unique task 1n the building of the great isthmian waterway-the greatest industrial enterprise of the ages. They have been characterized in congressional reports as "magnificent heroes." The task was

accomplished by a great free nation, with free labor, made up of U.S. citizens and certain alien employees. The thanks of all are due all these, and also to all those who, since the canal was completed, have, with dedicated loyalty and efficiency, maintained, operated, and protected the Canal Zone in peace and war-indeed, a most notable achievement.

There will be this summer in the Canal Zone the celebration of this 50th anniversary of the formal opening of the canal, with its culmination on August 16 next, commemorating the date August 16, 1914, when the old SS Ancon transited, with complete success, the canal, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

All of us are deeply interested in the celebration and most earnestly hope that it may be one of success. Today we have with us as guest speaker, a member of the Department of Defense who has been on the isthmus recently, and who knows all there is to know at this time of the plans for the celebration. He has served his country in various vital capacities, of which I shall give you a brief recital: C, OWEN SMITH, SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO DEPUTY

UNDER SECRETARY OF THE ARMY FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Born in Akron, Ohio, grew up in Cumberland, Md. Graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H., and Harvard College.

Was lieutenant commander in Navy during World War II, awarded Commendation Medal at Battle of Leyte Gulf. During this period transited the Panama Canal three times, once with vessel under his own command.

After naval service worked as reporter for the Portland Press Herald, Portland, Maine. Married Jo Ann Perry, Camden, Maine. They have five children.

Established a trade paper, Maine Coast Fisherman, covering the commercial fishing and boatbuilding industry along the New England coast. Was editor and publisher of another publication, which he started, Outdoor Maine, writing about conservation, boating, camping, and fishing.

Was a member of the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Company about 2 years.

Came to Washington as consultant to Assistant Secretary of Defense for Civil Defense in 1962. Was Director of Public Information for Office of Civil Defense. Last year named Special Assistant in the Deputy Under secretary's office and has been working on Panama matters since.

The TOASTMASTER. I take great pleasure in presenting our guest speaker, Mr. C, Owen Smith.

RElloliRXS OF C, OWEN SMITH

Thereupon Mr. C. Owen Smith, in his address, gave the highlights on the forthcoming 60th anniversary celebration plans, to be held in the Canal Zone in August of this year. Because of present conditions the celebration will be very much restricted 1n size. The original plans developed by t~e Panama Canal Company's Coordinating Committee and industry's Trade and Travel Committee have been dropped because of the many new uncertainties growing out of the riots of January 9, 1964. The original plans called for an extensive golden anniversary celebration of the 60th anniversary opening of the· canal to begin August 15, 1964, and extend through March 1965. The present reduced celebration plans are as follows:

A. Trade and Travel Committee and Ernest. Wittenberg Associations, public relations firm, plan a special supplement to the SundayNew York Times about August 16, 1964. The· supplement will feature pictures and stories concerning building and operation of the canal, and service it performs for shipping. Advertising support will come from companies with direct interest in the canal and the area.

14400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 19 B. The Panama Canal Company plans: 1. Stamps: Six airmail stamp designs to

show views of Cristobal Piers, Gatun, Madden Dam, Gaillard Cut, Miraflores, and Balboa. These will be available by writing Philatelic Agency, Canal Zone Government, Balboa, C.Z.

2. Brochure: A commemorative brochure covering construction, operation, and improvement of the , canal is being prepared and will be available in August.

3. Medallion: A bronze commemorative medallion featuring the "Golden Anniversary" on the obverse and the Panama Canal seal on the reverse will be struck.

4. Movie: Copies of the company's documentary movie have been mailed to the superintendent of public instruction in each of the 50 States.

5. Monument: A monument to the construction workers made of stone carrying a memorial plaque will be erected.

6. August 15, 1964: On that date the SS Cristobal will transit the canal. A special luncheon will be served to invited guests, local mllltary officials and canal officials. There will be appropriate speeches and the monument to the construction workers will be unveiled.

The TOASTMASTER. Many thanks, Mr. Smith, for your informative address, and your kindness in joining us today. We are, indeed, very grateful.

At this juncture, President Cheeseman moved a vote of thanks for the guest speaker, which was unanimously adopted.

At the luncheon the toastmaster introduced those at the speaker's table in addition to Mr. Smith, the president of the society and himself as follows:

Alexander E. McClure, former president of the society.

Former Governor of the Canal Zone, Maj. Gen. Glen E. Edgerton.

Col. George S. Brady, former president of the society.

Col. David R. Wolverton, prominent attorney and former president of the society.

Andrew W. Dewling, former president of the society.

Fred G. Swanson, an oldtimer and former member of the Texas Legislature from Tyler, Tex., and a member of our society.

Col. Hugh M. Mitchell, former president of the society.

Ben M. Williams, former superintendent of schools in the Canal Zone.

Distinguished personages in the audience, noted by the toastmaster were:

Mrs. Aileen Gorgas Wrightson, past president of the ladies auxiliary of the society.

Walter G. Ross, business executive, who was the quartermaster during the construction era, and a former president of the society.

Capt. Miles P. DuVal, U.S. Navy, historian of the Panama Canal.

Clarence L. Chapin, former president of the society.

Edward H . Davidson, former president of the society.

Dr. John Shadrick, chairman of the executive committee.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FRIDAY, JUNE 19, 1964

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp,

D.D., offered the following prayer: Philippians 4: 19: But my God shall

supply all your need according to His riches in glory by Christ Jesus.

Eternal God, our Father, who art acquainted with our many needs and canst supply them all, give us the faith that

Frank M. Hill, former president of the society. ·

George Colberg, former president of the society.

In closing the formal program Governor Thatcher turned the meeting over to President Cheeseman, who appointed Governor Thatcher as chairman and Walter G. Ross, Colonel Wolverton, Colonel Brady, and Mr. Dewling as members to serve on the 50th anniversary celebration committee for formulating plans to represent the Panama Canal Society of Washington, D.C., on the Canal Zone during the golden anniversary celebration in August of this year. These appointments were approved unanimously by the members of the society. During the business meeting the election of officers and members of the executive committee for the coming year took place. Dr. John H. Shadrick submitted a list of nominees. In conclusion the retiring president turned over the gavel to the newly elected president, who made a few brief remarks of acceptance and the meeting was adjourned.

Oil Imports


HON. J. J. PICKLE OF TEXAS



Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, at a meeting recently held here in Washington a group of men deeply concerned about the domestic oil industry appeared before Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall.

These men were particularly interested in two phases of the oil industry.

First. The continuous increase of quotas on crude cil imported into this country.

Second. The projected and contemplated increase into one district of some 98,000 barrels per day for the last half of this year to, as Secretary Udall expressed it, "fill a supply and demand gap in district V."

The domestic oil producers took the firm position that domestic oil must get part of this increased U.S. market and that by October 1, 1964, at least 50,000 barrels a day of domestic oil could be moved economically through existing pipelines to the west coast.

There seems to be a determined effort to keep the west coast market shut off from increased domestic supplies. This surplus domestic crude oil is being blocked out in the supplying of the oil deficit in the west coast area.

trusts and commits itself humbly and heroically to Thy guidance in these confused and troubled times.

Grant that the leaders and Members of this legislative body may be endowed with that wisdom which will enable them to bring to fulfillment all those noble aspirations which Thou hast planted within the soul of humanity,

Show us how we may banish from the mind and heart of man those attitudes which are alien to the spirit of our blessed Lord and at variance with His teachings

Mr. Speaker, may I point out the serious situation that exists today in the oil industry.

Prior to the conference with Secretary Udall, Governor of Texas John Connally wired the Secretary in part:

As Governor of Texas, I strongly urge revision on U.S. oil import policy before the next quota period. Recent deterioration in Texas crude prices and declines in production threaten to erase the slight progress of 1963 and to assure a third consecutive year of decline.

The domestic producing industry must grow in proportion to total imports, under a stabilized price structure. Otherwise, Texas will not be able to provide its vital share of the domestic oil-producing industry's defense burden.

I particularly urge a change in the program to allow movement of oil from the surplus re.gion to the west coast. This offers a real opportunity to alleviate our situation.

It was further developed, by those appearing for the oil industry that crude prices are down some 20 percent a barrel or about 7 percent from 1957.

Hourly wages paid to industry rose 15 percent and the overall cost of drilling and equipping a well increased 9 percent during the same period.

Crew months reached a peak in 1955 and dropped steadily since then with activity in 1962 down almost 50 percent.

Number of wildcat wells reached a peak of 13,000 in 1956 and dropped steadily since then to only 8,000 in 1963.

Total number of wells drilled-development and wildcat-hit an alltime high of 58,200 in 1956 and has dropped 14,500 or about 25 percent since then.

Employment in the producing branch is off 50,000 or 15 percent since 1957.

It was pointed out to Secretary Udall that a means be found of allowing domestic producers to enjoy their share of U.S. market growth, by curbing unnecessary foreign imports and making markets available to domestic producers.

Mr. Speaker, the reference to ''defense burden'' in Governor Connally's telegram to Secretary Udall is a timely warning that in the event of any situation that involves the United States that the domestic oil industry will be immediately called upon to step up production.

If the domestic oil industry is seriously crippled by failure to stimulate production, the the demand for such increase cannot be met.

This is a serious situation, Mr. Speaker; we must insure the continued production of domestic oil; and if this means curbing excessive imports, or other legislation, we should start reviewing this matter immediately.

of the Sermon on the Mount and the Golden Rule.

Hear us in His name. Amen.

THE JOURNAL The Jo\}rnal of the proceedings of yes

terday was read and approved.

APPROVAL OF WORK PLANS The SPEAKER laid before the House

the following communication, which was

hon. dave martin hon. adam c. powell - govinfo.gov

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