halal food production

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Post Graduate Diploma on Halal Industry

Assignment Questions: Module – 1

Submitted By:

Name: Syed Ali Naqi Shah

Registration Number: PHI-05-15-163

Designation: Production Officer

Organization: Ismail Industries Ltd

Submitted to:

Halal Research Council

Lahore - Pakistan

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MODULE 1 – ASSIGNMENT 1

Module 1 - Assignment 1

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Question 1 Explain following.

(a): DEFINE HALAL. DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF HALAL

WITH REFERENCE OF QURAN & AHADITH.

What is HALAL?

Halal is an Arabic word meaning lawful or permitted. The opposite of halal is haram, which

means unlawful or prohibited. Halal and haram are universal terms that apply to all facets

of life .However, we will use these terms only in relation to food products, meat products,

food ingredients and food contact materials.

“Halal is the term used for the food lawful as per the teachings of Islam defined in Quran &

Hadith”.

Concept of Halal with reference of Quran and Ahadith:

The concept of Halal in Islam has very specific motives;

1. To preserve the purity of religion.

2. To safeguard the Islamic mentality.

3. To preserve Life.

4. To safeguard property.

5. To safeguard future generations.

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6. To maintain self-respect and integrity.

The word “Halal” Literally means permissible and in translation, it is usually used as lawful.

With today’s manufacturing and food production, it is hard to know what goes in the food

we eat. Food labeling helps, but not everything is listed, and what is listed is often a

mystery.

In reference to food, it is dietary standard, as prescribed in the Quran the Muslim scripture.

General Quranic guidance dictates that all foods are Halal except those that are specifically

mentioned as Haram (unlawful or prohibited). Islam is the natural way of life. Its

economical system is just; its social system is based on cooperation and brotherhood; its

political system is based on consultation and dietary laws are very simple and beneficial for

all the humanity.

The life of the Muslim revolves around the concept of Halal. A Muslim must consume Halal

food and drink.

Quranic Verses emphasizing on Halal:

In Surah Al An’am Allah almighty say,

"Say (O Muhammad PBUH ): "I find not in that which has been inspired to me anything

forbidden to be eaten by one who wishes to eat it, unless it be Maytatah (a dead animal) or

blood poured forth (by slaughtering or the like), or the flesh of swine (pork, etc.) for that

surely is impure, or impious (unlawful) meat (of an animal) which is slaughtered as a sacrifice

for others than Allah (or has been slaughtered for idols, etc., or on which Allah’s Name has not

been mentioned while slaughtering). But whosoever is forced by necessity without willful

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disobedience, nor transgressing due limits, (for him) certainly, your Lord is oft Forgiving, Most

Merciful." (Al-An’am 6:145)

In Surah Al-Ma’idah Allah Subahana Wa’tallah says

“Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which hath

been invoked a name other than that of Allah.” (Al-Ma’idah 5: 3)

“…he allows them as lawful At-Tayyibaat (i.e. all good and lawful as regards things, deeds,

beliefs, persons and foods), and prohibits them as unlawful Al-Khabaa’ith (i.e. all evil and

unlawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons and foods)”

In Surah Al-Baqarah Allah Almighty says

“He has forbidden you only the Maytah (dead animals), and blood, and the flesh of swine, and

that which is slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allah (or has been slaughtered for

idols, on which Allah’s Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering). But if one is forced

by necessity without willful disobedience nor transgressing due limits, then there is no sin on

him. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful”

[Al-Baqarah 2:173]

(b) WHAT IS HARAM? ALSO DESCRIBE THE RATIONALS FOR

PROHIBITION OF HARAM FOOD IN ISLAM

Haraam Animals:

1: All the animals that have been prohibited in express terms by the Holy Quran such as:

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Swine/ pig/ boar;

Carrion with all its types or forms;

Animal dedicated to, anybody/thing other than Allah Ta’ala.

2: All the animals or birds that have been prohibited in the Sunnah such as:

donkey,

Jalalah (i.e the animal that eats filthy things).

3: All the carnivorous and fierce animals that have flowing blood and bite or prey their target

with their claws & fangs such as:

lions, tigers, panthers,

wolves, dogs,

foxes, bears and other similar animals;

4: All pests/insects and the land animals that, from the Shari’ah point of view, do not have

blood at all, or do have blood but the kind that does not flow for example:

fly, mosquito, etc.,

Lizard, snake, rat, etc. {Locust is exempted from this rule.}

5: All the aquatic animals except fish such as crab {Majority of Muslims};

6: All the amphibians (i.e. animals living both on land and in water such as:

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crocodiles

turtles

frogs

7: Even halal animals are haram if they are slaughtered on other than the name of Allah,

or dedicated to others than Allah.

(c) Why Pork & Drugs are prohibited in Islam?

We do not doubt for an instant that the pig is a dirty and filthy animal, and that eating it is

harmful to man. Moreover it lives on dirt and filth, and it is something that is off-putting to

those of a sound nature who refuse to touch it, because eating it is either a cause or a sign

of a person’s oddness.

Secondly,

With regard to the physical harm caused by eating pork, modern science has proved a

number of things, such as the following:

Pork is regarded as one of the kinds of meat that contain the most cholesterol, an

increase of which in the bloodstream leads to an increased likelihood of blocked arteries.

The fatty acids in pork are also of an unusual formation, when compared with the fatty

acids in other types of food, which makes them more easily absorbed by the body, thus

increasing cholesterol levels.

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Pork meat and pork fat contribute to the spread of cancers of the colon, rectum, prostate

and blood.

Pork meat and pork fat contribute to obesity and related diseases that are difficult to

treat.

Eating pork leads to scabies, allergies and stomach ulcers.

Eating pork causes lung infections which result from tapeworms, lungworms and

microbial infections of the lungs.

The most serious danger of eating pork is that pork contains tapeworms which may grow

to a length of 2-3 meters. The growth of the eggs of these worms in the human body may

lead to insanity and hysteria if they grow in the area of the brain. If they grow in the region

of the heart that may lead to high blood pressure and heart attacks. Another kind of worm

that is to be found in pork is the trichinosis worm that cannot be killed by cooking, the

growth of which in the body may lead to paralysis and skin rashes.

The doctors have confirmed that tapeworm disease is regarded as one of the serious

diseases that may result from eating pork. It may develop in the small intestine and after

several months may grow into a large worm whose body is composed of a thousand

segments, with a length of 4-10 meters, which lives alone in the intestine of the infected

person and part of it may appear when he defecates. When the pig swallows and ingests its

eggs, they enter the tissues and muscles in the form of larvae sacs containing fluid and the

head of the tapeworm. When a person eats infected pork, the larva turns into a complete

worm in the intestine. These worms cause weakness and vitamin B12 deficiency, which

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leads to a specific type of anemia, which may in turn cause nervous problems. In some

cases the larvae may reach the brain, causing convulsions, increased pressure within the

brain, epilepsy and even paralysis.

Eating pork that is not thoroughly cooked may also lead to trichinosis (infestation with a

hair like nematode worm). When these parasites reach the small intestine, three to five

days later many larvae appear which enter the intestine and reach the blood, from which

they reach most of the tissues of the body. The larvae move to the muscles and form cysts

there, and the patient suffers intense muscle pains. The disease may develop into infection

of the cerebral membrane and brain, and infections of the heart muscle, lungs, kidneys and

nerves. It may be a fatal disease in rare cases.

It is well known that there are some diseases that neither are unique to humans nor shared

with any other animals except pigs, such as rheumatism and joint pain. Allah indeed spoke

the truth when He said (interpretation of the meaning):

“He has forbidden you only the Maytah (dead animals), and blood, and the flesh of swine, and

that which is slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allah (or has been slaughtered for

idols, on which Allah’s Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering). But if one is forced

by necessity without willful disobedience nor transgressing due limits, then there is no sin on

him. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful”

[Al-Baqarah 2:173]

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MODULE 1 - ASSIGNMENT 3

Module 1- Assignment 2

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Question 1

What are the general principles of lawful foods?

Food comprises of two groups i.e. Animals & Plants, The main sources of human food and

drink are plants and animals that have been created by Allah on the earth, as a gift to its

followers. Therefore they should be appreciated. But these plants and animals came from

various kind and species; some of them are Halal and the others are Haram. Allah has

created Halal and Haram for the sake of human benefits.

1) Animals

Animals can be divided into two categories, namely:

1. Land Animals

2. Aquatic Animals

Land Animals

All land animals are lawful as food, except the following:

animals that are not slaughtered according to Shariah Law;

pigs;

dogs;

animals with long pointed teeth (canines or tusks), which are used to kill prey, such

as tigers, bears, elephants, cats and monkeys;

birds with talons or predator birds;

animals that are enjoined by Islam to be killed including mice, scorpions, snakes,

crows, centipedes, etc.;

animals that are forbidden to be killed including ants, bees and woodpeckers;

Creatures that are considered filthy by the public such as lice and flies.

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Animals that live both on land and in water (amphibians) such as crocodiles and

turtles.

Aquatic Animals

Aquatic animals are those which live in water and cannot survive outside. All aquatic

animals & amphibious animals are “haraam” except fish.

Rulings on slaughtering animals (Halal):

The slaughtering of lawful animals should be fully separated from that of non-lawful

animals in accordance with the following regulations:

1) Slaughtering should be done by a mentally sound Muslim who is conversant with the

rules and conditions of slaughtering in Islam.

2) The animal to be slaughtered has to be an animal that is lawful as food.

3) The animal has to be fully alive.

4) The slaughtering act should severe the trachea, esophagus, main arteries and veins of

the neck region.

5) The phrase “Bismillah” has to be uttered by the slaughterer while performing the

slaughtering.

6) The slaughtering tool has to be sharp and it should not be lifted off the animal during

the slaughtering act.

1. Plants

All types of plants products are “halal”, except those that are poisonous, intoxicating or are

hazardous to health.

2. Drinks

All kinds of water and beverages are “halal” as drinks, except those that are alcoholic,

poisonous, intoxicating or are hazardous to health and that are mixed with “najis”.

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Alcohol has been interpreted as substances that cause intoxication or as intoxicants and is

harmful to our body. The intake of alcohol and wine is considered as intentional intake of

intoxicant. Alcohol can be produced through various processes such as fermentation,

chemical processes or others methods. It is also used as an ingredient or processing aids in

many products such as medicine, soft drink and cosmetics. Their uses in these products are

not intentionally meant to be as an intoxicating drink or substance such as beer or wine. It

acts as stabilizing agent in soft drinks and its special characteristic that is good organic

solvents make alcohol or its derivatives usable in many types of oil and fat products. They

are:

1) All liquor contains alcohol but not all alcohol is liquor. Alcohol which was derived from

the liquor production processes is Haram and considered as filth but alcohol which are

derived from non-liquor production processes is not filth but Haram to be drink

because it is poisonous and harmful.

2) Soft drinks which are made with the same way as the liquor production process either

contained a little alcohol or its alcohol has been distilled are haram to drink.

3) Soft drinks which are not made for liquor or any intoxicating drinks and are not

produced in the same way as the liquor processes are Halal.

4) Cordials which contain any flavoring substances derived from alcohol for the purpose

of stabilizing the soft drinks are allowed to be used as drinks, if:

a) The alcohol is not made from a liquor production process.

b) The quantity of alcohol in the flavors is too little and not resulting in drunken

condition or any side effect.

5) Fermented rice or Cassava is Halal to be eaten.

Question 2

Highlight the HALAL requirements of Lawful food?

Halal RequirementProduction of halal products requires certain raw materials, additives, process, handling,

and transportation to meet the criteria of the term of halal as mentioned above. In addition,

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the industry should have a good system in order to assure that the products meet this

requirement forever and no mistake can be made during the production period.

Standard of halal management and halal system

1. Halal management is managing of all the function and activities necessary to

determine and achieve halal products. Halal system is defined as the

organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, activities, capabilities and

resources that together aim to ensure that products, processes or service will

satisfy stated or implied aims, i.e., production of halal products.

2. Standard audit of halal system. Basically, standard audit of halal system is

conducted to:

2.1 Determine the conformity of halal system elements with specified

requirements.

2.2 Determine the effectiveness of the implemented halal system in meeting

specified objectives.

2.3 Verify that non-conformities identified in a previous audit have been

rectified as agreed.

3. Haram Analysis Critical Control Point (HrACCP). A system which could point out

the critical points where haram or najees (najasa) materials may contaminate

halal materials, as well as preventing haram materials to be used for the

production of halal foods. There are 6 elements which go to make an HrACCP

system:

a) Identify and assess all haram and najees materials.

b) Identify the critical control points.

c) Establish the monitoring procedures.

d) Establish corrective actions.

e) Establish a record-keeping system.

f) Establish verification procedures.

Halal guideline. This consists of general regulation of halal foods and standards

procedures of production of halal foods. In addition, specific regulation and procedures

may be added, for example, in the case of food additive production.

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Halal database. It consists of list of materials used for food production; information of the

source and preparation of each material is mentioned in the list as well as its halal status

and other important information.

Question 3Describe the consumption of Lawful food of animal and plant

origin.

Permissible in Islam

HALAL in general term means permitted, allowed, authorized, approved, sanctioned,

lawful, legal, legitimate or licit. The word ‘Food for Muslims’ or ‘food certified Halal’ or

‘Halal’ or having similar meanings can be defined as follows:

1) Free of, and not made of, or containing any part or substance taken or extracted from

animal which are forbidden (HARAM) to be consumed by Muslims, according to Islamic

laws.

2) Not containing any substances, which is declared as filth according to Islamic Laws?

3) Not prepared, processed, produced or manufactured using utensils, equipment and / or

machinery which are not free from filthy substances as directed by Islamic Laws, and

4) During preparation, processing or storage, it should not come into contact or be in close

proximity with any food which do not fulfill the requirements as stipulated in

Paragraph (a), (b) or (c) or any substance declared as being filth according to Islamic

Law.

FILTH ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW:

Filth is things that are considered as impure and dirty and it should not be used as foods,

clothes, drinks or others. Filth, according to Islamic Law, is:

1) Substances such as Pork, Blood and Carcasses (Carrion) which are filth by themselves

and as such cannot be accepted as clean.

2) Clean substances contaminated by filth and cannot be purified.

3) Clean substances contaminated by filth and can be purified.

ANIMAL ORIGIN:Conditions and Method of Slaughtering (Dhabh or Zabh*)

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Dhabh is a clearly defined method of killing an animal for the sole purpose of making it’s

meat fit for human consumption. The word dhabh in Arabic means purification or

rendering something good or wholesome. The dhabh method is also called dhakaat in

Arabic, which means purification or making something complete.

The following conditions must be fulfilled for dhabh to meet the requirements of the

shariah (jurisprudence).

1. The Slaughter Person

The person performing the act of dhabh must be of sound mind and an adult

Muslim.

The person can be of either sex.

If a person lacks or loses the competence through intoxication or loss of mental

abilities, he or she may not perform halal slaughter.

The meat of an animal killed by an idolater, a nonbeliever, or someone who has

apostatized from Islam is not acceptable.

2. The Instrument

The knife used to perform dhabh must be extremely sharp to facilitate quick cutting of the

skin and severing of blood vessels to enable the blood to flow immediately and quickly, in

other words, to bring about an immediate and massive hemorrhage.

Muhammad (PBUH) said: "Verily God has prescribed proficiency in all things. Thus if you kill,

kill well, and if you perform dhabh, perform it well. Let each of you sharpen his blade and let

him spare suffering to the animal he slays".

Muhammad (PBUH) is reported to have forbidden the use of an instrument that killed the

animal by cutting its skin but not severing the jugular vein. It is also a tradition not to

sharpen the knife in front of the animal about to be slaughtered.

3. The Cut

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The incision should be made in the neck at some point just below the glottis and the base of

the neck. Traditionally, camels used to be slayed by making an incision anywhere on the

neck. This process is called nahr, which means spearing the hollow of the neck. With

modern restraining methods and stunning techniques, this procedure might not be

appropriate any longer. The trachea and the esophagus must be cut in addition to the

jugular veins and the carotid arteries. The spinal cord must not be cut. The head is

therefore not to be severed completely.

Plants and vegetables origin

These materials are generally halal except alcoholic drinks or other intoxicants. However,

in modern-day processing plants, vegetables and meats might be processed in the same

plant and on the same equipment, increasing the chance of cross-contamination. Certain

functional ingredients from animal sources might also be used in the processing of

vegetables, which make the products doubtful. Hence, processing aids and production

methods have to be carefully monitored to maintain the halal status of foods of plant origin.

From this discussion on laws and regulations it is clear that several factors determine the

halal or haram status of a particular foodstuff. It depends on its nature, how it is processed,

and how it is obtained. As an example, any product from pig would be considered as haram

because the material itself is haram. Similarly, beef from an animal that has not been

slaughtered according to Islamic rites would still be considered unacceptable. And, of

course, a stolen foodstuff or any products that are acquired through means that are

incompatible with Islamic teaching would also be haram. Food and drink that are

poisonous or intoxicating are obviously haram even in small quantities because they are

harmful to health.

Question 4

Explain the following questions:

a. State the rulings on beverages & land animals.

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Rulings on Beverages:

All kinds of water and beverages are “halal” as drinks, except those that are alcoholic,

poisonous, intoxicating or are hazardous to health and that are mixed with “najis”.

Alcohol has been interpreted as substances that cause intoxication or as intoxicants and is

harmful to our body. The intake of alcohol and wine is considered as intentional intake of

intoxicant. Alcohol can be produced through various processes such as fermentation,

chemical processes or others methods. It is also used as an ingredient or processing aids in

many products such as medicine, soft drink and cosmetics. Their uses in these products are

not intentionally meant to be as an intoxicating drink or substance such as beer or wine. It

acts as stabilizing agent in soft drinks and its special characteristic that is good organic

solvents make alcohol or its derivatives usable in many types of oil and fat products. They

are:

6) All liquor contains alcohol but not all alcohol is liquor. Alcohol which was derived from

the liquor production processes is Haram and considered as filth but alcohol which are

derived from non-liquor production processes is not filth but Haram to be drink

because it is poisonous and harmful.

7) Soft drinks which are made with the same way as the liquor production process either

contained a little alcohol or its alcohol has been distilled are haram to drink.

8) Soft drinks which are not made for liquor or any intoxicating drinks and are not

produced in the same way as the liquor processes are Halal.

9) Cordials which contain any flavoring substances derived from alcohol for the purpose

of stabilizing the soft drinks are allowed to be used as drinks, if:

c) The alcohol is not made from a liquor production process.

d) The quantity of alcohol in the flavors is too little and not resulting in drunken

condition or any side effect.

Rulings on Land animals:

a. Primary Requirements

1. Animal or bird must be of halal species and alive at the time of slaughter.

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2. Slaughtering must be done by a mature Muslim of sound mind, trained in slaughtering method for the type and size of animal to be slaughtered.

3. The name of Allah (Bismillah Allahu Akbar) must be verbally invoked by the Muslim slaughter person while slaying the animal.

4. Slaughtering must be carried out on the neck from the front cutting the esophagus, wind pipe (trachea), jugular veins, and carotid arteries, without cutting the spinal cord beyond the neck muscle.

5. Slaughtering must be carried out by a sharp knife in a swift sweep so that the animal does not feel the pain of a slaying.

6. Blood must be drained out thoroughly and the animal must die of bleeding rather than any other injury, inflicted or accidental.

b. Secondary Requirements

1. Animal or bird to be slaughtered should be healthy and free from diseases and defects.

2. Animal or bird should be given water and handled humanely before slaughtering so that it is calm and not stressed out or excited.

3. Slaughter person should be facing Mecca while slaughtering is carried out.

4. Appropriate desensitizing or restraining method can be used to control the animal provided the animal is not dead before actual bleeding according to dhabha standards. If animal dies as a result of the desensitizing method, the animal carcass becomes prohibited (haram) for Muslim consumption.

5. No part of the body should be cut prior to the actual slaughter or after Slaughtering until the animal is completely dead.

c. Abominable Acts

It is not recommended to:

1. Starve the animal by holding back food and water.

2. Hold the animal down and then sharpen the knife.

3. Sharpen the knife while the animal is looking at it and frighten it.

4. Cut off the head or let the knife reach the bone.

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5. Break the neck of the animal while it is bleeding.

6. Skin the animal while it is still alive.

7. Use a dull knife to perform dhabha or use a knife of the wrong size.

b. Differentiate between Makrooh & Haram.I. Makrooh:

"The Arabic word 'Makruh' means detested the opposite of liked or loved. In the

terminology of Shari`ah, it refers to something which the Lawgiver asks us not to do, but

the injunction is not in a definitive manner. It may be said that it means something

refraining from which earns a person reward as long as he does not do it out of obedience,

but a person who does it will not be punished, either.

Makrooh Tanzihan:The Somewhat Disliked (makruh tanzihan) is that which we have been lightly

commanded to leave, though it is not sinful or blameworthy to do. There is reward in

leaving it. Some examples are:

1) Wasting water whilst performing ablution or being miserly with it.

2) The consumption of horse meat in normal circumstances.

3) Not taking a bath on Fridays.

4) Not reciting Tasmiya at the beginning of ablution.

5) Not using the Siwak whilst performing ablution

Makrooh Tahriman:

The Prohibitively Disliked (makruh tahriman) is that which we have firmly commanded

to leave, through a text open to the possibility of interpretation. Some examples are:

1) Delaying the Asr prayer until the sun changes it’s colour.

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2) To hasten in offering the various integrals of Salat, such as the two prostrations and sitting in

between them.

3) Fasting on the day of Eid-ul-Fitr.

4) The Using of gold or silver utensils for men and women.

5) Buying and selling when the call for prayer Adhan (أذان) of Jumuah takes place.

Makrooh in Arabic means the opposite of liked or loved.

In the terminology of sharee’ah it means that which the Lawgiver asks us not to do, but not

in a definitive manner. It may be said that it means that for which the person who does not

do it out of obedience will be rewarded, but the one who does it will not be punished.

In the terminology of sharee’ah it means, that which the Lawgiver requires us not to do, in a

definitive manner. Haraam is the opposite of halaal (permitted). A person will be rewarded

for not doing that which is haraam, if he does so out of obedience, and not out of fear,

shyness or the inability to do it; in those cases he will not be rewarded for not doing it.

Makruh or Karaha (مكروه) also written as Makrouh/Makrūh/Makrooh is an Arabic term

which means to dislike or an offensive act (literally means “detestable”) and is the opposite

of liked or loved. Though it is not haram (sinful), a person who abstains from this act will

be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid such actions or foods as much as possible.

Technically, it refers to an act that is disliked in Shar’iah. This is one of the degrees of

approvals Ahkam (أحكام) in Islamic Shar’iah law.

�حل �م أ � لك ه�ۥ ٱلبحر صيد ه� ع�ا ع �م متعا ع ك ارة ل ي م وللس �م وح�ر � عليك �م ما ٱلبر صيد ما د�مت ح�ر�

ه�وا �� ع ه عٱ ى� ٱلل ذ� �� ع ون إليه ٱ �حشر� ت

“Lawful to you is the game of the sea and its food, a provision for you and for the travellers,

and the game of the land is forbidden to you so long as you are on pilgrimage, and be careful

of (your duty to) Allah, to Whom you shall be gathered”. Al-Mā’idah [5:96]

An example of a food which is considered “makruh” for Hanafi school of though is prawns

(but only for Hanafi Madh’hab Muslims). The Hanafi school look, however, that you refrain

from it and instead eat something else if possible. It is permitted to eat shrimp according to

the soundest position in the Hanafi school. The basic criterion is that anything that the

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Arabs considered ‘fish’ (samak) at time of the revelation is permitted. Other produce of the

sea is not permitted in the Hanafi school. Anything which is harmful to the body falls under

the Makruh or Haram based upon the verse in the holy Quran which directly states that we

should not kill ourselves by our own hands;

�لق�وا وال الله سبيل في وأنفق�وا �كة إلى بأيديك�م ت هل �وا الت ه إن وأحسن �حب الل الم�حسنين ي

“Give generously for the cause of Allah and do not cast yourselves into destruction by your

own hands. Be charitable: Allah loves those who are charitable”. Al-Baqara [2:195]

As it is well known that over-consumption and other habit such has smoking causes many

kinds of ills, it falls under this verse. And Allah swt knows best! Failure to abstain from such

acts necessitates a sin and punishment in the hereafter, though the punishment will be of a

lesser degree than that for committing a Haram (حرام), and abstinence will merit a reward.

The one who rejects it to be unlawful will not come out of the fold of Islam, as opposed to

Haram. Note: In the Hanafi Madhab, when the word Makruh or Karaha is mentioned

unrestrictedly (mutlaqan), usually it refers to Makruh Tahriman. This is a general principle

for which there are exceptions.

II. Haram:Haraam in Arabic means forbidden.

The Forbidden (haram) is that which we have been firmly commanded to leave, through

decisively-established orders.

Denying such a command entails misguidance but not disbelief. Performing such an action

is sinful.

As for the Arabic word 'Haram', it means forbidden. In the terminology of Shari`ah, it refers

to something that the Lawgiver requires us not to do, the injunction here is in a definitive

manner. Haram is the opposite of Halal (permitted). A person will be rewarded for keeping

away from Haram as long as he refrains from doing it out of obedience, not out of fear,

shyness or the inability to do it; in those cases he will not be rewarded for not doing it.”

halal food production

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