guidelines - humanitarian response

GUIDELINES

March 2014 – Draft version 3 4

CONTENT Introdution .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

What is KIRA? .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

What is Situation Analysis? .......................................................................................................................................... 7

What is this tool? .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Who is this tool for? ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

The KIRA Report .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

Kira Steps ................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Step 0: Preparedness ................................................................................................................................................ 11

1. Establish joint assessment arrangements .................................................................................................. 11

2. Collect baseline secondary data ................................................................................................................ 11

3. Update tools and methodology ................................................................................................................... 12 4. Train stakeholders in methodology and coordination ................................................................................. 12

Step 1: Emergency meeting – Decision to carry out a KIRA ...................................................................................... 12

Step 2: Collecting and Analysing Secondary Information .......................................................................................... 13 Step 3: Planning primary data collection .................................................................................................................... 13

1. Forming the Assessment team ................................................................................................................... 13

2. Identifying Sites to be Visited (Site Sampling) ............................................................................................ 14

3. Identifying of the Key Informant at administrative level .............................................................................. 14 4. Identifying An Appropriate Time and Schedule .......................................................................................... 15

5. Identifying logistic needs ............................................................................................................................ 15

6. Facilitation of an orientation session .......................................................................................................... 16 Step 4: Conducting Primary Data Collection .............................................................................................................. 16

Step 5: Analysis of information collected (primary and secondary) ........................................................................... 18

1. Processing data from the primary data collection ...................................................................................... 18

2. Agreement on the findings and recommendations ..................................................................................... 19 3. Identifying Response Priorities ................................................................................................................... 20

4. Identifying Information Gaps ...................................................................................................................... 20

Step 6: Final Report ................................................................................................................................................... 20 Step 7: Dissemination of the report and findings ....................................................................................................... 20

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................. 21


Introduction

What is KIRA? The Kenya Initial Rapid Assessment (KIRA) is a multi-sector, multi-agency mechanism whose purpose is to provide a fast overview of a humanitarian situation in Kenya, in order to:

• Support evidence based decision making in the early stages of a humanitarian response.

• To provide an understanding of how humanitarian needs vary across different affected

groups.

• To identify where gaps may exist between needs and local/national capacity to respond.

• To identify further detailed information needs.

What is Situation Analysis? In the context of the KIRA, situation analysis refers to the process of identifying and evaluating all relevant factors connected with an emergency situation. Understanding the situation is the beginning step in designing an emergency response. The more we know about the situation, the more informed and effective will be our response.

Situational analysis involves analysing needs of the different groups of affected populations using a community level approach and gaps analysis of the current response, in order to establish a prioritization of needs, vulnerable groups, and geographical area to be addressed on the onset of the event.

What is this tool? This tool outlines a series of steps to follow for conducting a KIRA assessment from preparedness to the dissemination of the assessment findings. Its objective is to ensure clear understanding of the process by all the involved actors. It provides additional guidance for a more systematic approach to community assessment and for assisting in systematizing the findings for more effective incorporation into decision making and planning processes.

This package contains provide a quick and simple guide to the methodology aimed at supporting the whole process, including field activities. Please note, this is only part of the overall methodology – for more details, visit https://sites.google.com/site/kenyainitialrapidassessment/ and http://kenya.humanitarianresponse.info/

Who is this tool for? This tool has been designed for all governmental and non-government agencies in Kenya involved in providing a response when a humanitarian crisis strikes.


The KIRA Report

The first step for any assessment is to clearly define what information is available, what is missing and which kind and level of information we are looking for. The objectives of the assessment should be kept front and centre throughout all the stage of the process.

In order to facilitate understanding of the information needed to provide an effective and well-informed response, it is suggested that assessment teams being with reviewing the KIRA report format as a guide to the final aim of the assessment.

The table below shows the different sections of the KIRA report as well as the sources of information. [LOCATION]: Kenya Initial Rapid Assessment Report [Date of report] (Based on assessment carried out from [date range] and Secondary Data

Section Content Source

1. OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION AND CRISIS

Type of Event What is the event? Secondary data

Background on the Location

Population size data for the location, and any other relevant background on the area, which could be relevant, e.g. ethnic mix, poverty levels, malnutrition rates HIV rates, etc.

Secondary and Primary data

Affected areas and populations:

Insert a table with name of the affected areas and including number and percentage of affected population


Humanitarian profile

Describe the categories of affected groups, for instance in terms of displacement profile (e.g. displaced to collective centre/displaced hosted/non-displaced hosting, etc.), or potentially livelihood group.


2. METHODOLOGY: Brief description of the data collection methods

Secondary data sources

Give an indication of some of sources of secondary data which have been used/consulted, e.g. District Commissioners office, KRCS, etc.

Assessment team composition

Indicate the agencies represented in the team, and any specific expertise, e.g. sector specialists

Sites visited Indicate sample size and how the sample was selected (number of sites and site characteristics).

Map Showing affected locations, and sites visited as part of the assessment

3. PRIORITY NEEDS / KEY FINDING

Priorities needs Provide an indication of priority needs by affected groups and geographical area (using the criteria used for sampling).

Primary Data and secondary data

Priority Vulnerable Groups

Indicate any vulnerable groups identified during the assessment as highly impacted by the current crisis. These may be specific to each need (e.g. ‘for protection issues, unaccompanied children have been identified as an especially vulnerable group’).


Recommendation for immediate

response

According to the priority needs identify, provide a list of recommendation for intervention.



Strategic Recommendations

Based on the situation analysis, what are the overall recommendations? This should remain as strategic recommendations to the humanitarian responders as a whole.

4. SECTORAL BREAKDOWN

Immediate and Emerging Needs

per sector

Summary analysis of the situation of different sectors will be provided. Sector are: • Shelter and Non Food Item • Food • Livelihoods • WASH • Health • Education • Protection • Information

For each sector, provide the following breakdown when information is available: a. Pre-existing situation and vulnerabilities (e.g. what were the water sources prior to

the floods, water treatment practices, safe sanitation coverage, any other key information)

b. Number of Households needing assistance of some kind (this needs to be presented as absolute number and percentage of total population of the area). Explain how this figure was reached (e.g. govt figures or some estimation based on the field assessment)

c. Priorities of the affected population (what do the community say their needs are in relation to water and sanitation?)

d. Changes that have been experienced as a result of the disaster (e.g. shift to unsafe drinking sources, children no longer going to school)

e. Assistance given so far (what was it and how much of it was there? What are the gaps)

f. Brief description of the type of assistance needed (i.e. the kind of assistance and the number of people needing assistance)

Comment on the gap between the available resources and the needs

5. CROSS CUTTING ISSUES: Ensure that all cross cutting issues where information is available have been mentioned.

Cross Cutting Issues

• If there are significant differences in priorities according to gender, indicate these. • Information on HIV is not targeted in primary data collection -

though the community may highlight it. However, if baselines HIV rates in the area are high and if access to health services has been impacted, it is reasonable to highlight these two facts as a basis for recommending further investigation. • Whilst the KIRA methodology does not allow for structured

age-disaggregated information, it is likely that this can be inferred from the vulnerable groups identified. • PSEA: there is a question on issues with how aid is provided

– ensure that this is reviewed and any issues highlighted • Disability/specific needs: not collected explicitly in primary

data collection, but likely to have been identified by the communities through the identification of vulnerable groups. • Early recovery – should be covered under emerging needs. If

there are any indications of how needs may evolve over time, ensure to mention this.



6. RESPONSE CAPACITY: Summary of overall capacity to respond, to identify where gaps may still exist

National Response Capacity

Indicate the likely national capacity to respond to the needs. This will include KRCS response, County or sub-county level response, national GoK response, and local organisations in the area.

Secondary data

International Response Capacity

If relevant, indicate the likely capacity which international actors may have in order to address the outstanding needs.

Secondary data

Way aid is provided Summary information of the current mechanisms to provide aid and their effectiveness.

Secondary data

7. CONSTRAINTS: Are there any considerations, which might affect the ability to provide humanitarian relief?

Security / Access

Does the security situation prevent access to communities? Secondary and Primary data

Logistical Constraints

Are there any issues affecting logistics (e.g. fuel availability, transport price increases, road damage, bridge damage).


Funding Gaps Is there insufficient funding to enable a response to the identified needs?

Secondary data

8. INFORMATION GAPS: Guidance for further information gathering/assessments

Validation / Verification

Requirements

There may be areas of inconsistency between different secondary data sources, or between secondary and primary data. These should be highlighted in the report both for transparency, and also to encourage readers of the report to provide additional information to clarify the issue

Further Assessments

The KIRA is designed to provide a brief overview by generalists (not detailed sectoral information). However, the information gathered should provide alerts/red flags for sectors where further information is required - these should be highlighted in order to guide further detailed sectoral assessments. This will be particularly relevant for themes/sectors where specialists are required in order to gather information without doing harm, e.g. child protection, HIV.

9. ANNEXES

Timeline If the situation has a complex history, it may be desirable to include a timeline of events.

Map A map showing the assessment locations, and other geographical information relevant to the event (e.g. administrative boundaries, roads, flooded areas, camp locations, nearby towns).

Assessment Team Contact

Include details of how to contact the assessment team, to ensure that readers can easily contact someone if they have additional information or relevance to include.

All the sections recommended in this template should to be completed in order to provide sufficient information for strategic decision-making in relation to response planning.


Kira Steps

In order to reach the objective of the KIRA mechanism, the following steps are necessary. They are also summarize in the KIRA Standard Operating Procedure chart, available in KIRA website.

Step 0: Preparedness 1. Establish joint assessment arrangements

It is recommended that County assessment hubs detail regional roles and responsibilities further and should be describe in the Roles and Responsibilities document. Agreement on objectives of and triggers for the KIRA should be reviewed and agreed upon annually.

Expertise and capacities at both hub and national level should be mapped on an annual basis. Hub agencies should provide a list of agencies that could take the following roles during an assessment:

• Lead organization

• Team leaders.

• Enumerators

2. Collect baseline secondary data

During the preparedness phase, a pre crisis secondary review has to be produced for each hub in order to provide baseline information on the area.

Step 0 •  Preparedness

Step 1 •  Emergency meeting -‐ Decision to carry out a KIRA

Step 2 •  Collecting and analysing secondary information

Step 3 •  Planning primary data collection

Step 4 •  Conducting Primary data collection

Step 5 •  Analysis of information collected (primary and secondary)

Step 6 •  Reporting

Step 7 •  Dissemination of report and ?inding


Part of the secondary data review should include the drafting of probably scenarios for different conflict and/or natural disaster possibilities.

Pre crisis secondary data should be shared with stakeholders at the hub level, including government partners, and a copy posted to the KIRA website.

The KIRA core group will be responsible to produce the pre crisis secondary data review.

3. Update tools and methodology

Tools and methodology will need to be reviewed annually, ideally in conjunction with the annual refresher training process. This process should include agreement on any revisions to:

• Assessment framework

• Primary data collection tools (including field testing if the tools have been heavily

modified in light of lessons learned, updates to any guidelines)

• Agreement on sampling approach

• Agreement on reporting templates

4. Train stakeholders in methodology and coordination

Each year KIRA core group should carry out a short KIRA refresher training at both hub and national levels to ensure that stakeholders, including government partners, are up to date on assessment content, disaster time frame, and process.

Step 1: Emergency meeting – Decision to carry out a KIRA An emergency meeting will take place:

• As soon as a disaster that is likely to require intervention is known to have occurred,

• When early warning signal indicate a disaster that is likely to require response is

imminent,

• When triggers have been reached for slow onset events that indicate response is required.

During this meeting, the decision to carry out a KIRA has to be taken according to the decision tree and also the assessment specific coordination responsibilities need to be determined:

• Overall coordination lead

• Coordination of secondary data compilation

• Community level coordination lead and team

• Coordination of information management

According to the hub joint assessment arrangement, this meeting could be held by the Country Steering Group or the County Disaster Management Committee. If more than one county if affected, the meeting will take place at national level.

The Lead organization designated during the meeting will have to fill the Term of Reference template.


Step 2: Collecting and Analysing Secondary Information The first step of a KIRA assessment consist of collecting and analysing reliable secondary information in order to develop an understanding of:

• What was the situation before the event?

• What is already known about the impact of the event?

• Where are the information gaps?

• Does similar crisis happened in this area? What were the lessons learned?

• How many administrative areas are affected?

There are two kind of secondary information:

Pre-disaster secondary information includes: baseline population figures, demographic breakdown, poverty mapping, lessons learned from past events…

In-disaster secondary information includes: assessment reports, media reports, satellite imagery, weather reports

This will allow a determination as to whether primary data collection is needed and is feasible.

This step is crucial and MUST be done. The more time the assessment team use for the collection and analysis of secondary data, the easier and faster the primary data collection process. Consequently, enormous human and financial resources could be saved. During this step, the KIRA Core group will provide a secondary data review on pre crisis situation.

The Secondary data review should be shared approximately 3 days after the decision to launch an assessment and a decision to cancel the assessment could be done if the enough information has been collected in order to inform strategic decision and response planning

At the end of this step and if the field assessment is confirmed, the assessment team start to populate the KIRA report.

Step 3: Planning primary data collection Primary data collection planning includes:

1. Forming the Assessment team

• Multi-agency & multi-sector: Teams should be composed of members from different

agencies and different sectors. This approach is designed for generalists as opposed to

sector specialists but will benefit from sectoral expertize, especially during the analysis

phase. As much as possible try and include local partners from the area.

• Team leader who understands the KIRA methodology

• At least 5 people including two men and two women and a team leader to ensure that both

male and female community group discussions can be held (female assessors for female

interviews/discussions, male assessors for male interviews/discussions)


• Cross cutting issues: If possible, include a specialist in cross cutting thematic areas (e.g.

Protection, Gender, GBV, HIV/Aids, Disability or Age), who can offer technical support

in each stage of the process –planning, assessment, analysis and report writing.

• Common language: All team members should be able to converse with communities in a

language they can easily understand (e.g. local dialect or Kiswahili).

• Location and local context: At least one member of the team should be familiar with the

locations.

• Local contact person: Identify someone who will contact all relevant local authorities and

help to arrange field visits (e.g. preparing the community). This will often be the team

leader.

2. Identifying Sites to be Visited (Site Sampling)1

• Identify diversity factors: In consultation with local partners, use the initial assessment of

secondary data to identify the factors which are likely to influence the way people have

been affected by the event (e.g. livelihood group, displacement status).

• List all relevant categories: Within each factor, identify what the relevant categories are.

(E.g. for displacement status, you might identify categories such as: displaced people in

spontaneous settlement, displaced people in host family …).

• Select sites: Once you have identified the relevant categories for context, select locations

to target each of the categories identified. If there are several different categories of

affected groups found at the same place (e.g., hosting and hosted populations live

together, but will have different needs), these should be treated as separate site with

information collected separately.

• Number of site: The purposive sampling aims to focus on a small number of sites and

collect enough information to get a good picture of the situation. But to ensure credible

primary data collection, a minimum of site per category as to be considered. Generally, it

is a minimum of 4 - 5 sites per category.

• Type of data collection: For each site, the assessment team will conduct 1 male

Community Group Discussion (CGD), 1 female CGD and 1 Direct Observation checklist.

For example, if 10 sites have been selected (5 IDP sites and 5 resident sites), the team will

conduct 10 female CGD, 10 male CGD and 10 Direct Observation checklists.

3. Identifying of the Key Informant at administrative level

1 A technical brief on Purposive sampling is available in KIRA website and provide all detail needed to design a good sampling.


• Scope of the disaster: The in-crisis secondary data review will provide information on the

number of administrative areas affected by the disaster and support the definition of the

scope of the assessment (number of sub-county, ward…).

• Key Informant data collection: While the community level data collection will focus only

on few sites, Key Informant Interview at administrative level should cover the entire area

and will provide qualitative information on how this area has been affected but also

quantitative information on number of affected people.

• Level of detail: According to the size of the crisis and the resource available, the Key

informant Interview will be conduct at Sub – county, Ward level or at the smaller

administrative level. This decision has to be taken for each assessment.

Note: The KII at administrative level is systematic in each administrative area covered by the assessment (not only were sites has been selected trough the purposive sampling approach.

4. Identifying An Appropriate Time and Schedule

Calculate the time needed for the assessment. A five-person team will need around half a day per site.

Within your plan, take into account: • Orientation session: Allow one full day for assessment team briefing, covering initial

assessment findings, methodology, tool familiarisation and planning.

• Analysis time: Allow at least one day after field visits for the field team to do a first

analysis of all information and draft the first report. The field team should ideally

participate in the whole of the analysis – if time limitations prevent this, they should

debrief with the Team Leader about their perceptions of the sites visited.

• Contact the communities you are intending to visit – if not possible, consider a pre-visit in

advance of the assessment.

Note: Observe local government/community restrictions such as curfews, meal times and prayer schedules. There may be times when particular groups, such as women, engage in activities that take them away from the settlement, such as collecting firewood or water. The assessment planning should consider these dynamics and ensure that groups are not missed during the assessment or these important activities are not disrupted.

5. Identifying logistic needs

Give consideration to: • Vehicles (MOSS compliant, security checked, first aid kit)

• Security plan (security clearance if needed, escorts)

• Communications (e.g. Cell phones, VHF, Sat phones)

• Accommodation, if required


• Take enough copies of the KIRA data collection tools

• Printer (with drivers, paper, cartridges)

• KIRA Smart Phones

• KIRA Information Platform Passwords and Usernames

6. Facilitation of an orientation session

Approximately 5 days from triggering the assessment staff who will be involved in the field assessment should be mobilized at a suitable location within the affected area for orientation. Even if teams have been pre-trained, one full day orientation session is necessary.

This will include: • Presentation of the objective of the assessment

• Familiarity with assessment format

• Data collection techniques

• Team formation (mixed teams by agency and by sector)

• Training on the mobile phone data entry software

• Logistics planning

Step 4: Conducting Primary Data Collection The primary data collection has two clear and different objectives:

1. To collect “subjective” and “qualitative” information from the affected population and

local authorities regarding the impact of the crisis.

2. To collect quantifiable information on affected people.

In order to gather this information different tools with different objectives should be used.

COMMUNITY GROUP DISCUSSIONS

Objectives:

The aim of the community group discussion is to enable a facilitated conversation where the community indicates what their most pressing problems are. At the end of the discussion, we should be able to understand priority needs of the community, coping mechanisms, and proposed solutions.

Methodology

Sampling within the Community

The community group discussion should be conducted with predetermined category of affected groups divided in women and men. Groups will include between 12 to 15 persons maximum.

Preparation • The assessment team should be familiar with the questionnaire before going to the field. • Organize a meeting space in a safe and as comfortable as possible

environment. • Identify the adequate person within the team to conduct the discussion.

There should be one interviewer asking the questions, and one note-taker recording responses. Interviewers/note takers should be the same sex as


the group they are meeting.

Setting up the discussion: • Start the meeting with a brief introduction that should include: what

language the community prefer, who you are, the purpose and objectives of the KIRA assessment, why people’s participation is important, respect for confidentiality and use of the information, what the assessment may or may not lead in terms of outcome, how the participants will receive feedback. • Ask for the permission to take notes. • Invite the group members to introduce each other. • Establish ground rules, principally respect for different viewpoints, only

one person to speak at a time, etc.

Conducting the Community Group Discussion

• Participants should be asked to always respond from the point of view of the community as a whole. • The interviewer doesn’t have to follow the order of the question but

navigate from one to another section according to the answers of the group. • When a consensus is difficult to find among the group on one subject, the

interviewer could make the group vote for the most appropriate answer (e.g. sector prioritization).

Closing the Discussion The team will close the discussion by asking if there were any additional issues not raised that the community would like to discuss and then by asking if there are any questions the group has for the assessment team. Always thank the participants for their time and participation.

OUTPUTS

As a result of the community group discussion, the team will have a paper version of the full questionnaire. The information from the questionnaire will be entered in a database through a mobile phone data entry platform after the meeting with the community. For each site, one male and one female community group discussion will be conducted.

DIRECT OBSERVATION

Objectives:

To document observable characteristics of the site and map key infrastructure.

Methodology

Sampling within the Site The Direct Observation tool has two main elements. The first is a general checklist about the team member’s impressions of the site. This should be completed by each team member at the end of the site visit. The other element is a set of show questionnaires about infrastructure. These are listed on the phone in order of priority. The team should determine in advance what priority infrastructure they will document. High priority items may need a dedicated team member. Low priority items can be documented by any team member who happens to pass by. For example if a team member passes the school they could quickly document the school in the direct observation tool.

Preparation As part of the preparation stage, the team should: • Identify the priority infrastructure to be documented • Assign roles for the direct observation; • Be familiar with the direct observation checklist and the mobile platform.

Conducting the Direct Observation

The direct observation tool is designed to be opportunistic. Team members can document things as they pass through the community during the KII and CDG. If a team member has been dedicated to capture priority infrastructure with the DO, then that team member will want to ask a community member to show him/her the things he is looking for.


OUTPUTS

• One general observation check list from each team member; • A direct observation check list for each piece of infrastructure visited.

KEY INFORMANTS INTERVIEWS AT ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL

Objectives:

To collect quantitative information on affected people and qualitative information on the situation of different sectors: food, water and sanitation, protection, livelihoods, health, etc.

Methodology

Preparation As part of the preparation stage, the team should: • Be familiar with the questionnaire. • Select members of the team to conduct different key informants interviews

according to their competency. • Identify the appropriate administrative level. The selection will be based

on the scale of the crisis, this could be: - Official at Sub County level - Official at Ward level - Official at a lower administrative level

Conducting Key Informants Interviews

• They will take note (register) information collected using a questionnaire Administrative level Key Informant Interview Questionnaire is available in the KIRA website.

OUTPUTS

As a result, one questionnaire by administrative area will be completed. The information should be then triangulated with the Direct Observation checklist, CGD and Secondary information. A comprehensive picture on the number of affected people will be gathered through these KII.

Step 5: Analysis of information collected (primary and secondary) At the end of the assessment, the assessment team will have the following information by site:

• One male and one female Community Group Discussion questionnaire

• Multiple general Direct Observation questionnaires

• Multiple Direct Observation on priority infrastructure information

In addition, one Key Informant questionnaire per administrative level will be available for the analysis phase.

1. Processing data from the primary data collection

During the primary data collection process, all information has been entered in dedicated software through mobile phone.

One organization will be in charge to produce the table and graph based on the information collected.

All the questions will be disaggregated by geographical area (KII, CGD and DO), affected group (CGD and DO) and gender (CGD).

Example table for priority sector questions:


Priority scale

Very High

Higher

Intermediate

Low

Example table for single answer question:

A technical sheet on how to visualize primary data is available on KIRA website.

2. Agreement on the findings and recommendations

In order to clearly state the importance of joint analysis, appropriate time and location must be agreed during the orientation session on the first day before starting the assessment. It is also recommended for the team to summarize the key observations each evening especially to tactic knowledge (or whilst travelling together in the mission vehicle etc.).

This joint analysis meeting will be organized with all the assessment teams to discuss and agree findings and recommendations. The discussions will include a review of:

• Graphs and tables produced from the raw data

• In-disaster secondary data (reports from other stakeholders, media reports, GoK sit reps

etc)

• Pre-disaster secondary data (baselines and pre-crisis knowledge)

The aim of this meeting is to agree as a group on assessment findings, priorities and recommendations. This should be a working session between the teams involved in the field data collection and if possible other senior humanitarian managers coming from organization involved in this assessment.

In order to support this analysis session, the assessment team will fill the following table for each sector. This tools will help to organize, compare and interpret the information collected during the assessment (primary and secondary).

From%KII% Samburu%west% Samburu%east% All%Wards%%

All%sites% Samburu%west% Samburu%east% From%CGD%

Shelter%NFI%% % % % % % %

Shelter%NFI%

Food%Security%% % % % % % %

Food%Security%

Livelihood%% % % % % % %

Livelihood%

Education%% % % % % % %

Education%

WASH%% % % % % % %

WASH%

Health%% % % % % % %

Health%

Nber%of%Ward% 5% 3% 8%%

14% 6% 8% Nber%of%site%

!

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%#

Not#enough#food#

Not#good#enough#food#

No#fuel#to#cook#with#

Resasons'for'immediate'foods'needs'(%'of'site)'

SAMBURU_East# SAMBURU_West#

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%# 80%# 90%#100%#

Not#enough#food#

Not#good#enough#food#

No#fuel#to#cook#with#

Reasons'for'immediate'food'needs'(%'of'site)'

IDP# Resident#


Sector: People living in spontaneous settlement

People living in Formal Camp

People living in Host family

Pre Crisis situation In crisis situation Quantitative data (if any) Priority Needs Priority areas Most affected groups Recommendations

3. Identifying Response Priorities

By comparing information on priority needs with information on current capacities and response, the team will be able to set response priorities and recommendations including:

• Priority locations to be assisted.

• More urgent aid to be provided to different affected groups.

4. Identifying Information Gaps

At the end of the analysis, the team should be able to identify themes that should be further investigated and indicate the limitations of the assessments. For example, lack of disaggregated data.

Step 6: Final Report The assessment team will have to finalize the draft report produce all along the KIRA process.

The KIRA report has a standardized and easy format and the team should start completing it as the data collection and analysis process makes progress.

The report should be concise and clear. • Support evidence based decision making in the early stages of a humanitarian response.

• To provide an understanding of how humanitarian needs vary across different affected

groups.

• To identify where gaps may exist between needs and local/national capacity to respond.

• To identify further detailed information needs.

Note: The team leader can decide and suggest one or two photographs that depicts the situation provided it adds value to the report,

Step 7: Dissemination of the report and findings The findings will be shared in a meeting with all the interested stakeholders and the report will be uploaded in the OCHA website.

The County assessment hub will be responsible to ensure the report dissemination to the local authorities consulted during the field assessment.


Conclusion

This manual described the specific methodology to carry out a joint assessment in the context of Kenya. This methodology has been developed and adapted from best practices in assessment in emergency worldwide.

However, the KIRA process itself is more than a particular assessment. It is a coordination mechanism guided by standard operating procedures, starting for preparedness (pre-crisis), assessment (in-crisis), response (post-crisis) and post-recovery. With KIRA, governmental and non-governmental agencies have a comprehensive mechanism and tool facilitating working together and pooling experiences, knowledge, human and material resources together with the only objective of providing a more effective, rapid and adapted response to the multiple hazards the country faces.

guidelines - humanitarian response

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