Governmental and Non Governmental Organizations

in Combating Women Trafficking in Andhra

Pradesh

Presented by-Priyanka Singh

Introduction1

Background of Women Trafficking2

Govt. & NGOs Combating Women Trafficking3

Findings and Discussion4

Suggestions5

Overview

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Introduction

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Trafficking:

The activity of procurement, recruitment, transportation, transfer , harboring or receipt of persons , legally or illegally within or across borders with humans……………………….. by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or

of giving or receiving payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for monetary gain or otherwise.”

Reference : UNODC- Trafficking in Humans Manual.

Women Trafficking

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Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Child Labor

Slavery

Debt Bondage

Organ

Women Trafficking:• transportation and exploitation of people;

• beyond their will by using • force, • taking advantage of vulnerable situations,

• blackmail or • even used as a "currency".

• Commonly leading to prostitution, labour and even organ donation.

Cheap Labor Sex

Money

Business of greed

Categories

Review of Literature• According to UNODC (2005), Trafficking can be

classified in two groups. A. Trafficking for sex based exploitation

– CSE (Brothel or Non-brothel)– Pornography– Pedophilia– Sex tourism– Mail-order brides– Distinguished sexual abuse (massage parlors, bars & friendship

clubs)B. Trafficking for non-sex based exploitation which include

Servitude, Slavery & Exploitation.– Bonded or Forced Labor– Domestic servitude– Industrial servitude– Servitude in the entertainment industry (camel racing and circus)– Drug peddling– Begging– Adoption – Trading in human Organ– Trafficking for false Marriage & other similar exploitative

practices.10/21/2022 5Ref: Nair, P.M. & Sen, Sarkar. 2005. Trafficking in Women and

Children in India. New Delhi:Orient Longman

ReasonsFactors responsible for Sex-Trafficking in A.PEconomic-High Infant MortalityLow birth registration 38% Children under 3 years are malnourishedLiteracy rate lower than the national average80% girls married before the age of 15 yearsHighest prevalence of child labourHigh prevalence of Bond labourVery poor record of land reforms80% victims come from socially and economically disadvantaged family. 70% victims come from drought prone area.85% victims are illiterate

Cultural, Social, and Religious Factors –50% victims belong to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 30% belong to Other Backward CastesTraditional form of Joginis, Mathammas, Basavis and BogumFamilies of economic and social bondage for generations.Traditional form of dedicating girls to gods/goddess and the communities accept those girls to participate in prostitution.

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Reports

• NATSAP (Network in AP) reported– on status of rescued victims in A.P that, more than 77.5 per cent of the rescues were observed to be repeatedly victimized or also called as revitalization, in some contexts.

• NGO- HELP states that, more than 4000 girl children are becoming victims and being trafficked every year from the state of Andhra Pradesh only..

• Ken Foundation: The report says that In India, women are 66 percent of the victims, followed by young girls at 13 percent, men at 12 percent, and young boys at 9 percent.

• NEW DELHI, India (CNN) — Around 1.2 million children are believed to be involved in prostitution in India, the country’s federal police said Monday

• NCRB: 32000 murders, 19000 rapes, 7500 dowry deaths and 36500 molestation cases are the violent crimes reported in India in 2006 against women.

• NCW: In 1997, out of total victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE) approximately 40% of women are from A.P

 

10/21/2022 7Ref : HELPAP- Digest, UNODC- Trafficking in Women, Manual( 2005) , NATSAP report.

Recent News

• Trafficking of girls closely linked to child marriages in Guntur: Activists

• Child marriages in Guntur continue to remain a major concern and activists working in the area now say that trafficking of girls from here is closely linked to child marriages. Marriages in the 15-16 age group are alarmingly high and need to be checked.

• Sumitra Makkapati, founder of Ankuram, a social group that works with girls and young women said that child marriages are linked to trafficking.

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(Ref: Times of India, 5 july,2012, Hyderabad. website:http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Trafficking-of-girls-closely-linked-to-child-marriages-in-Guntur-Activists/articleshow/14687046.cms)

...Discussio

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Organizations dealing with Trafficking

International Organizations: Funding Internationally to deal with the issue of Trafficking working for rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration, prevention and protection.

• ILO-IPEC• UNICEF• UNODC• OHCHR• UNIFEM• UNESCAP• UNAIDS• Asia Foundation• Plan International• UN Interagency Initiative on Trafficking in Nepal• Population Council10/21/2022 10

Continue..Central Government dealing with Trafficking

• National Commission for Women• Central Social Welfare Board• Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)• Ministry of Social Justice• National Human Rights Commission

The Union Government’s monitoring of the implementation of the programmes in the states have had a notable impact on the prevention of trafficking. However, the focus has been mostly in the field of rescue and rehabilitation.10/21/2022 11

AP GOs & NGOs in combating Trafficking

• Integrated Anti Human Trafficking Unit (IAHTU) operating in A.P

• Operating in the five places- Eluru in West Godavari, Guntur, Anantapur, Karimnagar and Women Protection Cell of the CID in Hyderabad.

• CID is supervising the work done by AHTU.• It also co-ordinate the intra-state and inter-state operations – to bring traffickers to justice, – to rescue victims and – to take up measures for the rehabilitation of victims in consultation with Women and Child Welfare Department, Department of Social Welfare, Department of Labour, Department of Correctional Services, Department of Health, Department of Education and NGOs.

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Focus on Rescue, Rehabilitation, Prevention, Protection and

Prosecution..

Rescue and Prosecution Operation:Role of Police- To rescue the maximum number of trafficked persons,

To ensure effective prosecution and conviction of offenders

Maintain a monthly database on traffickers and rescued victims, their origin, networking, etc

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Continue..Rehabilitation and ProsecutionRole of the officials of govt. depts.

( Dept of Women and Child Development, Dept of Social Welfare, Dept of Labour, Dept of Correctional Services, Dept of Health, Dept of Education)

• Well coordination, inter agency response to survivors needs to provided for rehabilitation and reintegration, without delay

• Take all steps to ensure that offenders are dealt with according to law

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Continue..Rescue, Rehabilitation and ReintegrationRole of NGOs-3 Nodal NGOs for IATHU• Prajwala is working for Hyderabad, Help is working with IAHTU Eluru and STHREE with IAHTU Ananthapur

• To assist IAHTU officers from pre-rescue to post trial stage for all relevant activities

• Share intelligence and information about victims/survivors as well as traffickers and exploiters

• Network with other NGO’s for relevant activities

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Voluntary OrganizationPrevention Operation• Neer Interactive Solutions ltd (NISL) is one of the private organization dealing with the issue of Human Trafficking in A.P

• through generating a system with the help of GIS software which will show the Hot Spot, Hot Dot, Hot Product and Hot Target in a Map.

• This system will help in gathering information from all over the crime spot to each officials dealing with the issue of trafficking and it will track the offenders to protect the victims and track the victim to prevent from re-trafficking.

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System developed by the NISL dealing with Human Trafficking in A.P

Example:• Maps of earthquake shaking hazards are used to create and update building codes in the U.S.

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FindingsA.P Police focusing on Rescue operation • Ex: (Prakasam District, 2010-11)

• There were total 72 cases registered for Fraud, Missing Girl, Rape, Trafficking, Prostitution and Kidnapping in 2010 -2011 in Prakasam district at different police station under different sections.

• Out of these 72 cases only approximately fifteen FIR forms are completely filled and rest were needed to cross check with the police officials to update the data.

Problem : It become difficult for NISL to find the respondents and to collect data.

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Continue..• Rehabilitation Centre• Swadhar and Ujjwala Centres in A.P• There are 34 Swadhar Homes across the state, out of which 31 are run by the Non- Governmental Organizations.

• Out of the Swadhar and Ujjwala homes of Prakasham district, NISL didn’t get any respondents from those short stay home.

Problem: No data was available from Prakasam district by NISL. The problem arise same for the NGOs where there would not have proper records.

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Continue..• NISL: Targeted for 500 respondents based on the FIRs recorded in the six districts, two from each region of A.P, but they were able to collect only 184 data. Out of 184 respondents approximately 87 % didn’t answered properly.

• This all resulted in the poor database for the system.

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Suggestion• The process and procedure of Rescue, Rehabilitation, Prevention and Protection operated by the police, Government centres and NGOs need to be done carefully and systematically to reach the goal of Anti- trafficking.

• It would be appreciable if the data can be saved in the computers so that each record can be known to each official in charge.

• The system developed by the companies like NISL can only work if there would be proper data and records in the government organizations as well as in the Non Governmental Organizations.

Conclusion• The IAHTU (Integrated Anti Human Trafficking Unit) is operating in five district of A.P with the help of CID, WDCW, Labour Welfare Department and NGOs.

• Some Voluntary Organizations like Neer Interactive Solution Ltd are working for the development of system with the help of GIS software to track the offenders as well as the victims in order to prevent from re-trafficking.

• Our findings shows that Police and Rehabilitation Centres fails to give proper data which fails to track the offenders. Hence, it result in the poor operation of prevention operation.

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