file: ch04, chapter 4: data and knowledge management true/false

File: ch04, Chapter 4: Data and Knowledge Management

True/False

1. The amount of data is increasing exponentially over time.

Ans: TrueResponse: See page 99

2. Data are scattered throughout organizations.


3. Data are centralized in organizations.

Ans: FalseResponse: See page 99

4. External data is an important source of data.


5. A decreasing amount of external data needs to be considered in making organizational decisions.


6. An increasing amount of external data needs to be considered in making organizational decisions.


7. Data security is fairly simple to maintain.


8. Data security is easily compromised.


9. The end result of the Data Life Cycle is the generation of data.


10. A record is a logical grouping of related fields.


11. A record is a logical grouping of related characters.


12. A file is a logical grouping of related records.


13. A database is a logical grouping of related files.


14. It is important for applications and data to be dependent on each other.


15. It is important for applications and data to be independent of each other.


16. When various copies of the data agree, this is an example of data integrity.


17. No alphabetic characters in a Social Security Number field is an example of data integrity.


18. When various copies of the data agree, this is an example of data consistency.


19. Difficulty in accessing data from different applications is called data isolation.


20. Difficulty in accessing data from different applications is called data unavailability.


21. Negative values for a student’s grade point average is an example of a data integrity problem.


22. An entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained.


23. An attribute is any characteristic or quality describing a particular entity.


24. Every record must contain only one field that uniquely identifies that record.


25. The primary key is a field that uniquely and completely identifies a record.


26. The secondary key is a field that has some identifying information but does not identify a record with complete uniqueness.


27. A secondary key is a field that uniquely and completely identifies a record.


28. A primary key is a field that does not uniquely identify a record.


29. Entity-relationship diagrams are documents that show the entities, attributes, and relationships of a conceptual data model.


30. An entity class is a grouping of entities of a given type.


31. An instance is a particular entity within an entity class.

Ans: True

Response: See page 103

32. Identifiers are attributes that identify entity instances.


33. A relationship is the conceptual linking of entities in a database.


34. Database management systems are software programs (or groups of programs) that provide access to a database.


35. The relational database model is based on the concept of two-dimensional tables.


36. Each row of data in a relational database corresponds to a record.


37. Structured query language is a relational database language that enables users to perform complicated searches with relatively simple statements.


38. The data dictionary stores definitions of data elements, characteristics that use the data elements, physical representation of the data elements, data ownership, and security.


39. Normalization reduces a relational database to its most streamlined form.


40. Normalization is a method for eliminating redundant data elements.


41. When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend only on the primary key.


42. Virtual databases provide a way of managing many different data sources as though they were all in one place.


43. A data warehouse is a repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.


44. In a data warehouse, data are organized by subject.


45. In a data warehouse, data are coded consistently.


46. In a data warehouse, data are constantly purged as new data come in.


47. In a data warehouse, data are not updated.


48. In a data warehouse, data are updated constantly.


49. Operational data are usually kept in organizational databases.


50. Operational data are usually kept in an organization’s data warehouse.


51. Analytical processing involves the analysis of accumulated data by end users.


52. Transaction processing involves the analysis of accumulated data, frequently by end users.


53. Typically, organizational databases are oriented toward handling transactions.


54. Typically, organizational data warehouses are oriented toward handling transactions.


55. Organizational databases use online transaction processing.


56. Organizational data warehouses use online analytical processing.


57. Organizational databases use online analytical processing.


58. Data warehouses use a multidimensional structure.


59. Data marts are designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit or department.


60. Data mining is the process of searching for valuable business information in large databases, data warehouses, or data marts.


61. Transaction processing is the process of searching for valuable business information in large databases, data warehouses, or data marts.


62. Targeted marketing is a good example of a predictive problem.

Ans: True


63. Targeted marketing is a good example of discovery of previously unknown patterns.


64. Identifying items that are purchased together in a retail store is a good example of a predictive problem.


65. Data mining must be conducted by analysts with technical programming skills.


66. Data mining can be conducted by end users with little or no programming skills.


67. A geographical information system captures, stores, integrates, manipulates, and displays data using digitized maps.


68. Geocoding integrates maps with spatially oriented databases and other databases.


69. Transaction processing systems are interactive, computer-generated, three-dimensional graphics delivered to the user through head-mounted displays.


70. Only one person can use one artificial environment.


71. Many people can share and interact in the same artificial environment.


72. Knowledge is information in action.


73. Intellectual capital is another term for knowledge.


74. Intellectual capital is another term for information.


75. Explicit knowledge is the more objective, rational, and technical type of knowledge.


76. Tacit knowledge is the more objective, rational, and technical type of knowledge.


77. Tacit knowledge, the cumulative store of subjective learning, is personal and hard to formalize.


78. Explicit knowledge, the cumulative store of subjective learning, is personal and hard to formalize.


Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following are in the correct order?a) knowledge – information – datab) data – knowledge – informationc) information – data – knowledged) data – information – knowledgee) information – knowledge – data

Ans: dResponse: See page 99

2. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? a) amount of data increases exponentially over timeb) data are scattered throughout organizationsc) increasing amount of external data must be consideredd) data security is easily compromisede) all of the above

Ans: eResponse: See pages 99-100

3. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? a) amount of data stays about the same over timeb) data are scattered throughout organizationsc) decreasing amount of external data needs to be consideredd) data security is easy to maintaine) data are stored in the same format throughout organizations

Ans: bResponse: See page 99-100

4. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? a) amount of data stays about the same over timeb) data are centralized throughout organizationsc) increasing amount of external data needs to be consideredd) data security is easy to maintaine) data are stored in the same format throughout organizations

Ans: cResponse: See page 99-100

5. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? a) amount of data stays about the same over timeb) data are scattered throughout organizationsc) increasing amount of external data needs to be consideredd) data security is easily compromisede) data are stored in the same format throughout organizations

Ans: dResponse: See page 99-100

6. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? a) amount of data stays about the same over timeb) data are scattered throughout organizationsc) decreasing amount of external data needs to be consideredd) data security is easily compromisede) data are stored in different formats throughout organizations

Ans: eResponse: See page 99-100

7. Sources for external data include which of the following? a) commercial databasesb) sensorsc) satellitesd) government reportse) all of the above

Ans: eResponse: See page 99

8. Which of the following is not a source for external data? a) commercial databasesb) corporate databasesc) sensorsd) satellitese) government reports

Ans: bResponse: See page 99

9. The end result of the Data Life Cycle is the generation of _____.a) informationb) datac) knowledged) wisdome) decisions

Ans: cResponse: See page 100

10. Place the following members of the data hierarchy in the correct order: a) bit – byte – field – record – database – fileb) bit – field – byte – record – file – databasec) byte – bit – record – field – databased) bit – byte – field – record – file – database

Ans: dResponse: See pages 100-102

11. In the data hierarchy, the smallest element is the _____: a) recordb) bitc) byted) character


12. A_____ is a logical grouping of characters into a word, a small group of words, or a complete number.a) byteb) fieldc) recordd) filee) database


13. A_____ is a logical grouping of related fields.a) byteb) fieldc) recordd) filee) database


14. A _____ is a logical grouping of related records.a) byteb) fieldc) record

d) filee) database


15. A_____ represents a single character, such as a letter, number, or symbol.a) byteb) fieldc) recordd) filee) database

Ans: aResponse: See page 102

16. No alphabetic characters in a Social Security Number field is an example of _____ :a) data isolationb) data integrityc) data consistencyd) data redundancye) application/data dependence


17. _____ occurs when applications cannot access data associated with other applications.a) data isolationb) data integrityc) data consistencyd) data redundancye) application/data dependence


18. _____ occurs when the same data are stored in many places.a) data isolationb) data integrityc) data consistencyd) data redundancye) application/data dependence


19. _____ occurs when various copies of the data agree.a) data isolationb) data integrityc) data consistencyd) data redundancye) application/data dependence


20. In a database, the primary key field is used to _____: a) specify an entityb) create linked listsc) identify duplicated datad) uniquely identify a record


21. As an individual student in your university’s student database, you represent a(n) _____ of the STUDENT class.a) instanceb) individualc) representatived) entitye) relationship


22. At your university, students can take more than one class, and each class can have more than one student. This is an example of what kind of relationship?a) one-to-oneb) one-to-manyc) many-to-oned) many-to-manye) some-to-many


23. A database management system is primarily a(n) _____: a) file handling programb) data modeling programc) interface between applications and a databased) interface between data and a database

Ans: c


24. In a relational database, the customer record contains information regarding the customer’s last name. The last name is a(n): a) attributeb) entityc) primary keyd) object


25. In a relational database, every row represents a _____:a) fileb) recordc) attributed) primary keye) secondary key


26. A standardized language used to manipulate data is _____: a) MS-Accessb) Oraclec) query-by-example languaged) structured query languagee) data manipulation language


27. Data dictionaries provide which of the following advantages to the organization? a) reduce data inconsistencyb) provide for faster program developmentc) make it easier to modify data and informationd) all of the above


28. _____ are software applications that provide a way of managing many different data sources as though they were all one large database.a) data warehousesb) data martsc) virtual databases

d) geographical information systemse) flat files


29. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics? a) are organized by subjectb) are coded consistentlyc) not updatedd) kept for long periods of timee) all of the above


30. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics? a) are organized by subjectb) are coded in different formatsc) are updated in real timed) are constantly purged as new data come ine) are organized in a hierarchical structure


31. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics? a) are organized by end usersb) are coded consistentlyc) are updated in real timed) are constantly purged as new data come ine) are organized in a hierarchical structure


32. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics? a) are organized by end usersb) are coded in different formatsc) are not updatedd) are constantly purged as new data come ine) are organized in a hierarchical structure


33. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics? a) are organized by end usersb) are coded in different formatsc) are updated in real timed) are kept for long periods of timee) are organized in a hierarchical structure


34. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics? a) are organized by end usersb) are coded in different formatsc) are updated in real timed) are constantly purged as new data come ine) are organized in a multidimensional structure


35. Compared to data warehouses, data marts: a) cost lessb) have shorter lead time for implementationc) have local rather than central controld) contain less informatione) all of the above


36. Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics? a) cost lessb) have longer lead time for implementationc) have central rather than local controld) contain more informatione) are harder to navigate


37. Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics? a) cost moreb) have longer lead time for implementationc) have local rather than central controld) contain more informatione) are harder to navigate

Ans: c


38. Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics? a) cost moreb) have longer lead time for implementationc) have central rather than local controld) contain less informatione) are harder to navigate


39. Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics? a) cost moreb) have longer lead time for implementationc) have central rather than local controld) contain more informatione) are easier to navigate


40. Detecting fraudulent credit card usage is an example of which type of problem?a) predictiveb) pattern recognitionc) transactionald) operationale) marketing


41. The most distinguishing characteristic of geographical information systems is: a) every record or digital object has a unique identifierb) every record or digital object is visible to the user c) every record or digital object must be accessed by programmersd) every record or digital object has an identified geographical locatione) every record or digital object is encrypted


42. Geocoding is: a) integrating maps with spatially oriented databases and other databasesb) encrypting spatial informationc) accessing geographical information

d) integrating organizational transactions with spatially oriented databasese) programming spatially oriented databases


43. _____ is interactive, computer-generated, three-dimensional graphics delivered to the user through a head-mounted display. a) visual interactive modelingb) visual interactive simulationc) geographical simulationd) virtual realitye) data visualization


44. _____ is a process that helps organizations identify, select, organize, disseminate, transfer, and apply expertise that are part of the organization’s memory and typically reside inside the organization in an unstructured manner. a) discoveryb) knowledge managementc) decision supportd) online analytical processinge) data mining


45. _____ can be exercised to solve a problem, where _____ may or may not be able to be exercised to solve a problem. a) knowledge, informationb) data, informationc) information, datad) information, knowledgee) data, knowledge


46. Which of the following is an example of explicit knowledge? a) experiencesb) insightsc) procedural guidesd) expertisee) skill sets

Ans: c


47. Explicit knowledge has which of the following characteristics? a) objectiveb) personalc) slowd) costly to transfere) ambiguous


48. Tacit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?a) codifiedb) objectivec) unstructuredd) rationale) technical


49. Historically, management information systems have focused on capturing, storing, managing, and reporting _____ knowledge. a) tacitb) explicitc) manageriald) geographicale) cultural


Short Answer Questions

1. Discuss the difficulties in managing data.

Response: See pages 99-100

2. Define each element of the data hierarchy, in order from smallest to largest.


3. Discuss the advantages of the database approach.


4. Describe entity-relationship modeling.


5. Describe the relational database model.


6. Describe the characteristics of a data warehouse.


7. What are the advantages of a data mart?


8. Define geographical information systems and list some examples of how GIS are used.


9. Differentiate between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Use examples of each.


10. Describe the six steps of the knowledge management system cycle.


file: ch04, chapter 4: data and knowledge management true/false

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