Experimental Methods and Analyses EMEA-2420 B.E. (Mechanical Engineering)

Dr. Basharat Jamil

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Aligarh Muslim University,

Aligarh 1

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Course Title : Experimental Methods and Analyses Course Number : EMEA-2420 Credits : 3 Course Category : ESA Pre-requisites(s) : None Contact Hours : 2-1-0 Type of Course : Theory Course Assessment (Offline Mode):

Course Work: 15% Mid Semester Examination (1 Hour) 25% End Semester Examination (2 Hours) 60%

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the principles of measurement systems and the methods of measuring & analysing physical parameters.

2. The students must be able to analyse the experimental data through class lectures/tutorials and assignments.

3. Analytical methods and principles learned in this courses will be applied to further laboratory and theory courses in forthcoming semesters, higher studies, and experimental studies and also very useful for Industrial applications in measurement and quality control.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

After taking this course the students should be able to

1. Present the data with the statistical point of view, compute probabilities based on a real-life problems, and apply the standard discrete or continuous probability distribution for industrial requirement of an engineer.

2. Perform hypothesis testing for the data based on industrial applications. Also to be able to relate the experimental output based on regression analyses.

3. Understand generalized measurement system principles and behaviour.

4. Understand the working principles of typical measurement system elements and acquire knowledge about some important specialized measurement instruments used in engineering systems.

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SYLLABUS

Unit-I :

Measure of central tendency dispersion. Review of basic probability concepts, mathematical expectation. Discrete and continuous random variables, probability density function, CDF. Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions and their applications. Checking data for normality.

Unit-II :

Sampling distribution, Central Limit Theorem, t- distribution, x2-distribution and f-distributions. Estimation problems, confidence and significance level. Point and interval estimation of mean and variance. Hypothesis testing based on mean and variances. Linear Regression analyses, Curve fitting, Methods of least square, and its validity using ANOVA. Coefficient of determination. Correlation analyses.

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SYLLABUS (CONTINUED)

Unit-III:

Generalized Measurement System principles: Functional elements, classification. Performance characteristics of measurement systems:

a) Static characteristics, impedance, loading effects.

b) Dynamic characteristics: Mathematical modelling of measurement systems, Operational Transfer functions, System response of zero, first and second order instruments.

Unit IV:

Typical Measurement System Elements: Transducers, Signal conditioning and Data presentation elements. Specialized Measurement Systems: Instruments for Temperature, Pressure, Flow, Force, Strain and Torque measurement.

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BOOKS & READING MATERIAL

Books:

1. Nakra, BC, & Chaudhury, K.K., “Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis:, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Holman, J. P., “Experimental Methods for Engineers” 7th Edition, McGraw Hill.

3. Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. L., Myers, S. L. and Ye K., “Probability and statistics for engineers and scientists”, Pearson Education.

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COURSE INSTRUCTORS AND DISTRIBUTION OF LECTURES

Dr. Sajjad Arif

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh

Muslim University, Aligarh

Lectures: 02/week

Content:

Unit I

Unit II

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Dr. Basharat Jamil

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh

Muslim University, Aligarh

Lectures: 01/week

Content:

Unit III

Unit IV

CLASS ASSESSMENTS

Maintaining Class Note Books for Class Assessments:

Writing important formulae

Solving problems during lecture/tutorial class

Practicing unsolved problems

Making assignments

ONLINE LECTURES AND ASSESSMENTS

• Online lectures will be disseminated to the students on a

timely basis.

• Students should ensure attending classes regularly and

following the course material.

• Discussions can be done through Zoom, Google meet or

WhatsApp Group, etc.

• Attendance will be marked through Google classroom.

• Students will be assessed for their progress during online

classes through random online tests.

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WHY STUDY EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND ANALYSES? • It is important that engineers be able to perform successful

experiments, and it is equally important that they know or be able to estimate the accuracy of their measurements.

• Thus, throughout this course strong emphasis is placed on problem solving, and the importance of accuracy, error, and uncertainty in experimental measurements.

• Experimental methods/analyses tools techniques force the engineering students to examine several instruments to determine their accuracy and the uncertainties that might result from faulty measurement techniques.

• The engineer is not only interested in the measurement of physical variables but also concerned with their control.

• An engineer must be able to deal with the hazards encountered during the operation and maintenance, and must adapt as best as one can through this knowledge.

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IMPORTANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND ANALYSES

• Experimentation is so important in all phases of engineering, there is a very definite need for the engineer to be familiar with methods of measurement as well as analysis techniques for interpreting experimental data.

• Experimental techniques have changed quite rapidly with the development of electronic devices for sensing primary physical parameters and for controlling process variables.

• Sound knowledge of many engineering principles is necessary to perform successful experiments; it is for this reason that experimentation is so difficult.

• To design the experiment, the engineer must be able to specify the physical variables to be investigated and the role they will play in later analytical work.

• Research involves a combination of analytical and experimental work. The theoretician strives to explain or predict the results of experiments on the basis of analytical models

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OUTLINE OF UNIT 3

• In this unit we seek to explain some of the terminology used in experimental methods and to show the generalized arrangement of an experimental system.

• We shall also discuss briefly the standards which are available and the importance of calibration in any experimental measurement.

• A major portion of the discussion here will be on static and dynamic characteristics of instruments and these will also be referred in numerical problems.

• The terms associated with the characteristics of the instruments and their definition will also be given.

• The unit ends with the set of numerical examples and emphasis on problem solving techniques.

INSTRUMENTATION DEFINED

• Instrumentation is defined as:

"the art and science of measurement and control"

• Instrumentation can be used to refer to the field in which Instrument technicians and engineers work in, or it can refer to the available methods and use of instruments.

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Instrumentation

Detection Acquisition Control Analysis

Area of Instrumentation

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End Of Lecture