circulation of early iron age goods, phoenician and egyptian ceramics an optical mineralogy analysis

Paula Waiman-Barak, University of Haifa

Ayelet Gilboa, University of Haifa

Yuval Goren, Tel Aviv University

Sampled sites

Egypt

Gilboa and Sharon 2008

Horizon at Dor

Common terminology? Dor (Mazar/ Herzog/

Singer-Avitz)

Conventional chronology

Radiocarbon dating at Dor

Iron 1a (early and late)

Iron IB ca. 1150–1050 Ending ca. 1000–980

Iron 1a/b

Iron Ib ca. 1050–1000/980 Ending ca. 920

Iron 1/2 Early Iron IIA ca. 1000/980 –920/900/830

ca. 920–900

Iron 2a

Late Iron IIA ca. 900–830(?)

JarsFlasksJugsPithoi

Other

157 110

61 27

114

Analyzed vessels

11 15 16 23 26 26 35 43 50

160 Samples according to sites

Fabric ANd Technology Analysis for archaeologiSTs

The ceramic FANTAST project

Director: Prof. Sariel Shalev

En Haggit Jar 245, 641/3

Geo-distribution of Phoenician Petro-fabrics

The search for the local fabric recipes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

20

5

25

5

41

0

4

19

15

6

10

16

3 0

4

0

3

0

Non Phoenician sites

Unknown

Import

Local

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

DorAchzivKeisan

133

16 25

30

7

18

5

1 0

Phoenician sites

Unknown

Import

Local

Geo-distribution of Phoenician Petro-fabrics

B B A C

Sampled sites

A C D D

F G

J

E

H

Geological layout of Phoenician sites

Circulation of Phoenician Bichrome ware

Defining Keisan’s local Fabrics: A2 vs A3

A2-Keisan Local A3-Keisan Local?

The question of Circulation

Fabric A3

16 KM

Circulation of Phoenician Monochrome ware

Gilboa and Sharon 2008

Horizon at Dor

Common terminology? Dor (Mazar/ Herzog/

Singer-Avitz)

Conventional chronology

Radiocarbon dating at Dor

Iron 1a (early and late)

Iron IB ca. 1150–1050 Ending ca. 1000–980

Iron 1a/b

Iron Ib ca. 1050–1000/980 Ending ca. 920

Iron 1/2 Early Iron IIA ca. 1000/980 –920/900/830

ca. 920–900

Iron 2a

Late Iron IIA ca. 900–830(?)

Circulation of Phoenician Monochrome VS Bichrome ware

66 Phoenician Bichrome Vessels

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

flasksJugsJarsUnknown

43

4 10

5

Phoenician Monochrome

67 Phoenician Monochrome Vessels

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

FlasksJugs

Unknown

23

35

7

Phoenician Bichrome


Imports from Lebanon

Rehov

Qasile

Lebanon

Achziv

Dor

Lebanon

Dor

Dan

Megiddo

Keisan 16

17

17 Phoenician Bichrome Vessels 16 Phoenician Monochrome Vessels


All sampled vessels

66 Phoenician Bichrome Vessels 67 Phoenician Monochrome Vessels

Dor

Dor

Megiddo Dan Dan

Achziv Rehov

Keisan

Keisan

Geo-distribution of All identified Petro-fabrics

Circulation of IR1b 30 liter jars

H-9,VIA, Ir1b

Dor Ir1a

Dor Ir1b-Ir1|2

Dor Ir1|2-Ir2a

Keisan Ir1b

Keisan

Dor

Zeror Qasile

A question of slips- a new Paradigm

A1 Achziv local B1 Lebanese provenance

A question of slips- a new Paradigm

B1 Lebanese

provenance

The question of slips

A paradigm shift?

0

5

10

15

LebanonHaifa-AkkoCarmel

15

4 1

Kommos Jars

Dor

Zeror

Locally made

Dor

Dan

FT-IR by S. Shoval

Nahal Patish En Haggit EGY 221, 457

Waiman-Barak; Gilboa and Goren forthcoming

Ir1a

Ir1b

Ir2a

Eighteenth Dynasty tomb of Kenamun, who was an Egyptian official under Amenhotep III.

M. Ezzamel / Accounting, Organizations and Society 34 (2009) 348–380

Dom-palm fruit of Mehay (M-h’-yw): measures (msty) 26 Fruit: heket 46 Grapes: crates 1809 Grapes: bunches 1869 Pomegranates: crates 375 B’-k’-y’ plant, in measures (yp’t) 1668 Various cattle 297

Total, fine southern linen, various garments 75 Colored linen: mantles 876 ‘‘ ‘‘ tunics 6779 Total, colored linen, various garments 7125 Total, royal linen, mek-linen, fine southern linen, southern linen, colored linen, various garments 8586

Bulls 291 Bullocks of the bulls 291 Pl. 38a Calves 51 Cows 2564 Total 2923

Bulls, bullocks of the nege-bulls, heifers, calves, cows, being impost of the lands of Syria (H’-rw) 19

Incense, honey, oil, various jars 1047

M. Ezzamel / Accounting, Organizations and Society 34 (2009) 348–380

White incense: (mn) jars 2159 White incense (mn) jars 12 Honey: (mn) jars 1065 Oil of Egypt: (mn) jars 2743 Oil of Syria (H’-rw): (m-s’-hy) jars 53 Oil of Syria (H’-rw): (mn) jars 1757 ….. Cedar: tow-boats and ferry boats 11 Acacia: tow-boats ‘canal’-boats, boats for transportation of cattle, warships, and kara-boats 71 Total, cedar and accacia: boats 82

Cedar bp’-ny-ny 6 Cedar tpt 1 Neybu (N’y-bw) wood: 3 logs, making (deben)

Cinnamon: measures (msty) 246 Cinnamon: bundles 82 Grapes: measures (msty) 52 Rosemary (nkp’ty): (msty) 125

White fat: (mn) jars 911 Goose fat: (mn) jars 385 Butter: (mn) jars 20 Total, filled jars 9125 Shedeh: (k’bw) jars 1111 Wine: (mn) jars 20,078 Total, shedeh and wine jars (mn I k’bw)

Gold : 4 Tfe-vessels Silver : 5 Tb-vessels Royal linen :10 Garments Papyrus: 500 rolls Oxhides: 600 Rope : 600 (coils) Lentils : 20 measures Fish : 30 measures Linen : 6/6 Lentils : 1 measure Fish : 5 measures

Ramesses XI 1099-1069 B.C. 20th Dynasty

Food stuff Papyrus and linen products Metals

http://www.google.co.il/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=r_SCwMOBqQ9GuM&tbnid=zhStxvgOjioU9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://kellyandgeoff.com/2010/08/29/mystic-ct-day-3-mystic-seaport-the-amistad/&ei=33D_UbXaBo6Sswbhr4G4DA&psig=AFQjCNG1fNozOELaD16KlmzPMh2FECFOPA&ust=1375781364717493

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ת) הישבתי, לצורואמרת ... ב לת, מבואת ים-על( היש ים רכ עמ ה

יםבלב ... ך, ימ י ים ....גבול נו לךברוש יר ב שנ ל, מ ם-את כ י ז ; לחת ר אחו נון לק לב ןלעשות , מ ך תר י ל ים. ע ן, ו אלונ ש ב שו, מ ך, ע י שוט ; מ

שו ים-שן בת-קרשך ע יי , אשר םמא י ת יה -ז שש. כ ם ה צרי מ ה מ קמ ברשך פר ך לנס, מ היות ל יי ; ל ן מא מ התכלת וארג יש יה מכסך, אל ח . ה

ידון ך, וארודישבי צ ים ל ט יו ש ך; ה יו ב ך צור ה מי ך, חכ י ה חבל . המך יו ב יה ה מ קני גבל וחכ דקך, ט ז יקי ב ל; מחז ם -כ חיה יות הים ומל אנ

יו ךה ...ב

כזיחזקאל

http://www.google.co.il/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eMAaZQEvu8XZTM&tbnid=fyGM3OZjhPeQaM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/36.3.56,.54,.111&ei=gm7_UaPhEIjntQbkmoGoCA&psig=AFQjCNG1h7R5XyGFpDtSL83dL1eK7cH5Kw&ust=1375780866339338

http://www.google.co.il/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=r_SCwMOBqQ9GuM&tbnid=zhStxvgOjioU9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://kellyandgeoff.com/2010/08/29/mystic-ct-day-3-mystic-seaport-the-amistad/&ei=33D_UbXaBo6Sswbhr4G4DA&psig=AFQjCNG1fNozOELaD16KlmzPMh2FECFOPA&ust=1375781364717493

e.g., Bonacich 1973

Renfrew 1975

Zenner 1987

Credits and thanks

Co-directed by Ilan Sharon and Ayelet Gilboa.

The Achziv publication project; Assaf Yasur-Landau, Eran Arie & Michael

Press

Co-directed by Israel Finkelstein and Eric H. Cline

Directed by Amihai Mazar

The Tell Keisan excavation project

directed by Jean-Baptiste

Humbert

circulation of early iron age goods, phoenician and egyptian ceramics an optical mineralogy analysis

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