doc.: 15-07-0615-00-003c submission march 2007 juinn-horng deng (csist corporation)slide 1 project:...
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March 2007
Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 1
doc.: 15-07-0615-00-003c
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [A new MC-CDMA structure for WPAN physical layer proposal]Date Submitted: [March 2007]Source: [Juinn-Horng Deng1, Jeng-Kuang Hwang2, Yu-Lun Chiu2, and Rih-Lung Chung2, and Yu-Min Chuang1] Company: [CSIST Corporation1, Yuan-Ze University2 ] Address1: [P. O. Box No. 22-14 Luan-Tan, Tao-Yuan, 325, Taiwan, R.O.C.] Address2: [135, Far-East Rd., Chung-Li, Tao-Yuan, 32026, Taiwan, R.O.C.] E-mail: [[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]]Abstract: [This contribution describes a new MC-CDMA structure proposal for WPAN physical layer]
Purpose: [Contribution to 802.15 TG3c at March 2007 meeting in USA]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 2
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Outline
• Introduction• Transmitter Block Diagram of Multi-Code
CS-MBOK MC-CDMA Systems• Receiver Block Diagram of Multi-Code CS-
MBOK MC-CDMA Systems • Simulation results• Summary• References
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Introduction
• We propose the physical layer transceiver structure of a new class of MC-CDMA systems, which is used for 60 GHz WPAN system
• The proposed MC-CDMA system uses the cyclic-shift M-ary biorthogonal keying (CS-MBOK) symbol mapping in terms of the Chu sequence multi-codes with perfect orthogonality
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 4
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Introduction
• The proposed MC-CDMA system involves the following key features:– To have low-complexity transceiver structure– To have much lower PAPR– To have better bandwidth efficiency– Can be used in both the LOS and non-LOS
multipath channel environments
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 5
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Transmitter Block Diagram of Multi-Code CS-MBOK MC-CDMA Systems
De-
Mux
CS-MBOKMapping & Spreading
Repeater
12j f ne
IFFTAdd
CyclicPrefix
RF
CS-MBOKMapping & Spreading
Repeater
2 pj f ne
CS-MBOKMapping & Spreading
Repeater
2 Pj f ne
is
(1)is
( )pis
( )Pis
(1)ic
( )pic
( )Pic
Fig. 1
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 6
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Transmitter Block Diagram of Multi-Code CS-MBOK MC-CDMA Systems
• Proposed multi-code multi-carrier CDMA transmitter system involves the following schemes– CS-MBOK mapping and spreading– Repeater and frequency shift modulation– IFFT and Add cyclic prefix
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 7
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M-ary Bi-Orthogonal Keying (MBOK)
• Denote the ith MBOK symbol as an R-bit codeword si=[si,0 … si,R-1]T
– MBOK uses a set of N orthogonal codes, i.e., M=N
– The R-bit codeword with R=log2N
– The Tx bit rate can be “R times” of that of the conventional single-code BPSK MC-CDMA system
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 8
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M-ary Bi-Orthogonal Keying (MBOK)
• Example: – Consider 8-BOK with N=8 spreading codes {c(0) c(1) c(2) … c(7)}
– The mapping between si and ci is done as follows:
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
='000' ; ='111'
='001' ; ='110'
='010' ; ='101'
='011' ; ='100'
i i
i i
ii i
i i
if if
if if
if if
if if
c s c s
c s c sc
c s c s
c s c s
4
5
6
7
c
c
c
c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 9
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N-points Poly-phase Chu sequence
• To construct the set of N spreading codes, we choose a N-point polyphase Chu sequence
• For even N, a Chu sequence can be easily found as:
for some integer q with gcd(q,N)=1
(0) 0 1 1
T
Nc c c c
2 / 0 1j n q Nnc e n N
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 10
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Cyclic Code Shift Keying (CCSK)
• CCSK uses the discrete shifts of Chu sequence c(0), as the N MBOK codes
• The mth cyclic shifts of the code c(0) is designed as c(m)
• These cyclic shifted Chu sequences have the desired orthogonality property, i.e.,
1 0 1
T
m N mm c c c c c
, 0, for k j k j c c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 11
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Cyclic Code Shift Keying (CCSK)
• Cyclic shifted Chu sequence has the following properties:– Perfect auto correlation – Cross correlation with perfect orthogonality– N-point IFFT of Chu sequence has constant
modulus in time domain, i.e., low PAPR
( ) ( )
0 2 ( / ) 2 ( / )( 1)(0)
IFFT
IFFT
m m
Tj j m N j m N Ne e e
t c
c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 12
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Cyclic Code Shift Keying (CCSK)
-50 0 50 1000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Time lag
The auto-correlation of Chu sequence
(a) (b)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 355.6569
5.6569
5.6569
5.6569
5.6569
5.6569
5.6569
5.6569
5.6569
Frequency index
The complex evenlop of Chu sequence in freq. domain
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 13
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QPSK-CS-MBOK Symbol Mapping and Spreading
• The CS-MBOK symbol is constructed by combining the cyclic shifted Chu sequence and MBOK
• As shown in CS-MBOK block diagram, the ith QPSK symbol of the pth substream can be spreaded by CS-MBOK code sequence
( ) ( ) ( )p p pi i ide c
( ) ( ) ( ), , 1
p p pi i R i Rd s js
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 14
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QPSK-CS-MBOK Symbol Mapping and Spreading
• The is the CS-MBOK mapping and spreading signal of the pth substream, which the pth substream transmits the source signal being
– i.e., Bits per symbol R+2 log2N + 2
– ex. FFT Points N=32 R+2=7 bits/symbol
( )pie
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),0 , 1 , , 1
Tp p p p pi i i R i R i Rs s s s s
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 15
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QPSK-CS-MBOK Symbol Mapping and Spreading
2 bit
R-2 bits
0 1,s s
mc
icis
2 1Rs s XOR
Cyclic Code Mapping
QPSK
Bin to Dec m
id
N-chip Base Chu Seq.
0 1 1[ ] Rs s s
1[ ] R Rs s
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 16
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Repeater and Frequency Shift Modulation
• Under the same bandwidth and number of FFT points, we propose multi-code QPSK-CS-MBOK MC-CDMA system which can result in P-fold increase in bit rate
• As shown in Fig.1, the multi-code QPSK-CS-MBOK MC-CDMA system consists of P-substreams QPSK-CS-MBOK symbols
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 17
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Repeater and Frequency Shift Modulation• Each substream uses the different frequency
shift modulation and repeater to construct the multi-code parallel transmission system
• For the pth substream, the operation of repeater is designed to duplicate CS-MBOK data with P times, i.e.,
– Where the vector size of is PNx1 and is the repeated cyclic shifted Chu sequence
( )pie
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
[ ]
Tp p p p T p p p pi i i i i i i i
p pi i
d
d
f e e e c c c
c
P
( )pif
( )pic
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 18
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Repeater and Frequency Shift Modulation
• Using the frequency shift operation to modulate the pth repeated CS-MBOK symbol
– Where denotes pairwise multiplication and is the pth substream frequency shift operation
– is the frequency shift repeated CS-Chu sequence
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )p p p p p p p pi i i i i id d g f w c w c
( )pw
2 2 ( )( ) 0 , p pTj f j f NPp j
pe e e f p NP w ( )pic
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 19
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Repeater and Frequency Shift Modulation
• These frequency-shift repeated CS-Chu sequence have the desired orthogonality property, i.e.,
• The N-point IFFT of the pth frequency-shift repeated CS-Chu sequence has the zero-inserting property
( ) ( ) 0, , p qi j p q i j c c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 20
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Repeater and Frequency Shift Modulation
– i.e.,
where QH is IFFT operation and the N-point IFFT of { } is
– Since has the operation of the different zero-insertion, it has the orthogonality property:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ),0 ,1 0 0 0 0 0
p p H pi i i
p pi i
IFFT
t t
c c Q c
pth element (p+P)th element
( )pic ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
,0 ,1 , 1[ ]p p p pi i i i Nt t t t
( )pic
( ) ( ) 0, , p qi j p q i j c c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 21
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Submission
IFFT and Add Cyclic Prefix
• Combining the P-substreams and taking its IFFT, we can acquire the transmitted signal:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
( ) ( )
1
(0) (0) (1) (1) ( ) ( ) (0) (0) (1) (1) ( ) ( ),0 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,1 , 1
P Pp p H p pi i i i
p p
Pp pi i
p
P P P Pi i i i i i i i i i i i N
IFFT d d
d
d d d d d d
x c Q c
c
c c c c c c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 22
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Submission
IFFT and Add Cyclic Prefix
• Since each element of the x involves the constant envelope in time domain, the multi-code MC-CDMA system has the same property as the SC-CDMA system which has much lower PAPR
• Add cyclic prefix used to combat multipath channel effect
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 23
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Receiver Block Diagram of Multi-Code CS-MBOK MC-CDMA Systems
MUXFFTChannelEqualizer
RF
MBOKDemapping &
Decision
RepeatedChu-Seq.
Despreading
12j f ne
(1)ˆ ( )is
MBOKDemapping &
Decision
RepeatedChu-Seq.
Despreading
2 pj f ne
( )ˆ ( )p is
MBOKDemapping &
Decision
RepeatedChu-Seq.
Despreading
2 Pj f ne
( )ˆ ( )P is
Detected
Data
ˆ( )is
Fig. 2
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 24
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RX Design of CS-MBOK MC-CDMA System• The multi-code MC-CDMA receiver is shown in
Fig. 2
• After discarding the cyclic prefix, the received sample block y is first taken its DFT, yielding:
where is the frequency-domain channel response
( ) ( )
1
( ) ( )
1
PH p p
i ip
Pp pi i
p
d
d
Y Qy Λ Qx Λ QQ c
Λ c
Λ
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 25
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RX Design of CS-MBOK MC-CDMA System
• Assume the frequency-domain channel response can be estimated, we can acquire the equalized signal with equalizer processing for the ith symbol is denoted by
where is the AWGN noise
Λ
1
( ) ( )
1
i
Pp pi i i
p
d
z Λ y
c n
in
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 26
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RX Design of CS-MBOK MC-CDMA System
• Due to the frequency-shift repeated CS-Chu sequence with orthogonality property, we can use the pth frequency-shift repeated CS-Chu sequence to despread the equalized signal to acquire the ith symbol data of the pth substream:
( )pic
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
, (where 0, )
H H
H H
Pp p p p pm m i m i i i
p
p p p p qi m i i m i
z i d
d p q
c z c c n
c c n c c
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 27
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RX Design of CS-MBOK MC-CDMA System
• Since CS-MBOK symbol mapping with N cyclic shift, we can find the maximum despreaded value to estimate the CS-MBOK mapped data with the (R-2) bits per symbol
( ) 2
0 1 1
ˆ ˆarg max ( ) , 0 2 1
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )] 2
p Rm
m
MBOK R
m z i m
i s i s i s i dec bin m
s
0 1 1ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )]MBOK Ri s i s i s is
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 28
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RX Design of CS-MBOK MC-CDMA System
• Finally, adopting the maximum despreading value and applying the slicer, we can estimate the QPSK symbol, i.e.,
• So the ith symbol of the pth substream can be detected:
ˆ ( )m iz
1ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) [ ( ) ( )]QPSK R Ri s i s is
ˆ0 1ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) [ ( ) ( )] ( )QPSK mi s i s i decision z i s
( )ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) [ ( ) ( )]pMBOK QPSKi i is s s
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 29
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Simulation Results
• 2 path channel : delay spread =[0.8 0.6];
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N
0, dB
BE
Rh=[0.8 0.6 zeros(1,30)]
LS with sync.
LS
Constrain LS with sync.Constrain LS
ideal channl est.
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 30
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Simulation Results
• h=[0.8 0.2+0.4j zeros(1,3) 0.1+0.1j]
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N
0, dB
BE
R
LS with sync.
LS
Constrain LS with sync.Constrain LS
ideal channl est.
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 31
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Summary of System Merits
• Spread spectrum Processing gain against interference
• CP insertion multipath channel mitigation
• CS-MBOK = CCSK + MBOK– Higher bandwidth efficiency than conventional
single-code CDMA system– Improved BER Performance as N gets larger– Simple code correlator through using FFT
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 32
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Summary of System Merits
• Chu sequence as spreading Code– Perfect autocorrelation property for MBOK– Lower PAPR TX signal for asymmetrical
application
• Repeater and Frequency Shift Modulation– Improve the spectral efficiency
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 33
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References
[1] L. Hanzo et al., OFDM and MC-CDMA for Broadband Multi-User Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[2] H. Hara, and P. Prasad, “Design and performance of multicarrier CDMA system in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 48, pp. 1584-1595, Sep. 1999.
[3] J. Linnartz, “Performance analysis of synchronous MC-CDMA in mobile Rayleigh channel with both delay and Doppler spreads,” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 50, pp. 1375-1387, Nov. 2001.
[4] M. K. Simon, S. M. Hinedi, and W. C. Lindsey: Digital Communication Techniques, Prentice-Hall, 1995.
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References
[5] D. C. Chu, “Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 531–532, 1972.
[6] G.M. Dillard, M. Reuter, J. Zeidler, and B. Zeidler, “Cyclic code shift keying: a low probability of intercept communication technique,” IEEE Transl. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 39, issue 3 Page(s):786 – 798, July 2003. D. R. Wehner: High-Resolution Radar, 2nd-Ed., Artech House, 1995. (Chap. 4,5)
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Juinn-Horng Deng (CSIST Corporation)Slide 35
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Thank you for your attention !!