do now! 1. who were the crusades between? 1. who were the crusades between? 2. who wrote the letter...
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DO NOW!DO NOW!1. Who were the Crusades between?1. Who were the Crusades between?2. Who wrote the letter that started the 2. Who wrote the letter that started the
crusades? What Empire was he from?crusades? What Empire was he from?3. Who called for the Crusades?3. Who called for the Crusades?4. Name 2 of the 5 causes for the 4. Name 2 of the 5 causes for the
CrusadesCrusades..
The Crusades After Muslims(Seljuk Turks) were threatening the Byzantine Empire (Christians), Pope Urban II
calls for Christians from Western Europe to protect the Byzantine Empire and to capture the
Holy Land from its Muslim inhabitants
Asia Minor
" Jerusalem is now held captive by the enemies of Christ,
those who do not know God, the heathen (non Christians).
Jerusalem wants to be free and begs you to come help!
Who will take up this work, who will right these wrongs
who will recover this territory, if you won't ?"
What the Pope Said:
Great SchismGreat Schism10641064
Great SchismGreat Schism10641064
Battle of Battle of HastingsHastings
10661066
Battle of Battle of HastingsHastings
10661066
Battle of Battle of Manzikert Manzikert
10711071
Battle of Battle of Manzikert Manzikert
10711071
Christianization of Christianization of the Vikings, Slavs, the Vikings, Slavs,
and Magyarsand Magyarsc. 1000c. 1000
Christianization of Christianization of the Vikings, Slavs, the Vikings, Slavs,
and Magyarsand Magyarsc. 1000c. 1000
Capture of Capture of Toledo from Toledo from
Muslims Muslims 10871087
Capture of Capture of Toledo from Toledo from
Muslims Muslims 10871087
Cluniac Cluniac ReformReformc. 1024c. 1024
Cluniac Cluniac ReformReformc. 1024c. 1024
Capture of Capture of Sicily from Sicily from
MuslimsMuslims10991099
Capture of Capture of Sicily from Sicily from
MuslimsMuslims10991099
ConstantinopleConstantinopleConstantinopleConstantinopleRomeRomeRomeRome
ExpansionismExpansionismExpansionismExpansionism
Papal PoliticsPapal PoliticsPapal PoliticsPapal Politics
AdventureAdventureAdventureAdventure
Religious PietyReligious PietyReligious PietyReligious Piety
PilgrimagesPilgrimagesPilgrimagesPilgrimages
Muslim AdvancesMuslim Advances
EuropeEurope 1000-11001000-1100
InvestitureInvestitureControversyControversy
1075+1075+
InvestitureInvestitureControversyControversy
1075+1075+
Call for a CrusadeCall for a Crusade Pope Urban II called for Pope Urban II called for
a Crusade in 1095 a Crusade in 1095 ObjectivesObjectives
Drive Turks from Anatolia Drive Turks from Anatolia
Obligate the Byzantines Obligate the Byzantines
Provide occasion for healing Provide occasion for healing Great Schism on Rome's terms Great Schism on Rome's terms
CaptureCapture Holy Land Holy Land
Major Events of CrusadesMajor Events of Crusades First Crusade 1097-1098 First Crusade 1097-1098
Achieved all major objectivesAchieved all major objectivesin Holy Landin Holy Land
Turkish threat hurt, thoughTurkish threat hurt, thoughnot eliminatednot eliminated
Area not strategic to Muslims, Area not strategic to Muslims, could have been held could have been held indefinitely with a little skill. indefinitely with a little skill.
Crusaders attempted to Crusaders attempted to destabilize neighborsdestabilize neighbors
Major Events of CrusadesMajor Events of Crusades
Second Crusade, 1147-1148Second Crusade, 1147-1148 Military failure, discredits Military failure, discredits
Crusaders as military Crusaders as military threatthreat
Third Crusade, 1189-1191Third Crusade, 1189-1191 Well-known in literature Well-known in literature
(Robin Hood)(Robin Hood)
Major Events of CrusadesMajor Events of Crusades Fourth Crusade, 1199-1204Fourth Crusade, 1199-1204
Western-Greek relations always Western-Greek relations always strained, mutual contempt. strained, mutual contempt.
To finance crusade, Crusaders To finance crusade, Crusaders worked for Venetiansworked for Venetians
Crusaders sacked Constantinople, Crusaders sacked Constantinople, 1204 1204
Chance to heal Great Schism utterly Chance to heal Great Schism utterly lost. lost.
In 1453, when attacked by Turks, In 1453, when attacked by Turks, Byzantines preferred surrender to Byzantines preferred surrender to asking Rome for aid.asking Rome for aid.
Major Events of CrusadesMajor Events of Crusades Fifth Crusade, 1218-1219Fifth Crusade, 1218-1219
Captured Damietta, swapped for JerusalemCaptured Damietta, swapped for Jerusalem Moslems agreedMoslems agreed Crusaders tried to conquer EgyptCrusaders tried to conquer Egypt
Sixth Crusade, 1229Sixth Crusade, 1229 Frederick II of Germany did little Frederick II of Germany did little
fighting and a lot of negotiationfighting and a lot of negotiation Treaty gave the Crusaders Jerusalem Treaty gave the Crusaders Jerusalem
and all the other holy cities and a and all the other holy cities and a truce of ten years truce of ten years
He was widely condemned for conducting the He was widely condemned for conducting the Crusade by negotiating rather than fighting. Crusade by negotiating rather than fighting.
Major Events of CrusadesMajor Events of Crusades Seventh Crusade, 1248-1254Seventh Crusade, 1248-1254
Led by Louis IX of FranceLed by Louis IX of France Nearly an exact repeat of the Fifth CrusadeNearly an exact repeat of the Fifth Crusade
Eighth Crusade, 1270Eighth Crusade, 1270 Led by Louis IX of FranceLed by Louis IX of France Louis’ brother, Charles of Anjou, king of Louis’ brother, Charles of Anjou, king of
Sicily, had strategic plans of his own and Sicily, had strategic plans of his own and diverted the expedition to Tunisia, where diverted the expedition to Tunisia, where Louis died. Louis died.
The last Crusader cities on the mainland of The last Crusader cities on the mainland of Palestine fell in 1291 Palestine fell in 1291
One small island stronghold lasted until 1303. One small island stronghold lasted until 1303.
The Crusades Died OutThe Crusades Died Out
Lack of interest, rising Lack of interest, rising European prosperity European prosperity
Repeated military Repeated military defeatsdefeats
Discredited by Discredited by "crusades" against "crusades" against Christians (e.g., Christians (e.g., Albigensians) Albigensians)
Effects of CrusadesEffects of Crusades Fatal weakening of Byzantine Fatal weakening of Byzantine
Empire Empire Vast increase in cultural horizons Vast increase in cultural horizons
for many Europeans. for many Europeans. Stimulated Mediterranean trade. Stimulated Mediterranean trade. Need to transfer large sums of Need to transfer large sums of
money for troops and supplies led to money for troops and supplies led to development of banking techniques. development of banking techniques.
Romantic and imaginative Romantic and imaginative literature. literature.
More Effects of CrusadesMore Effects of Crusades
Knowledge introduced to Knowledge introduced to EuropeEurope
Weakening of nobility, rise of Weakening of nobility, rise of merchant classes merchant classes
Enrichment was primarily Enrichment was primarily from East to West--Europe from East to West--Europe had little to give in return.had little to give in return.