DNA National Workshop

Belmopan4 & 5 November 2010

Carlos FullerDeputy Director

The Status of the Climate Change Negotiations and Implications for the CDM

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The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre

• Endorsed by the CARICOM Heads of Government in July 2002

• An intergovernmental specialized agency of CARICOM with an independent management that is guided by

The CARICOM Council of Trade and Economic Development (COTED) on policy matters.

A board of directors with responsibility for strategic planning.

A technical secretariat headed by an Executive Director with responsibility for tactical planning.

• The Centre is mandated to coordinate the regional response to climate change and its efforts to manage and adapt to its projected impacts.

• The Centre possesses full juridical personality.

• Financially independent

Operational sinceOperational since January 2004January 2004

Located in Located in Belmopan, BelizeBelmopan, Belize

Members

● Antigua and Barbuda

● Bahamas

● Barbados

● Belize

● Dominica

● Grenada

● Guyana

● Haiti

● Jamaica

● Suriname

● Saint Lucia

● St. Kitts and Nevis

● St. Vincent & the Grenadines

● Trinidad and Tobago

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Functional Organogram

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS

OTHER CARICOM SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS

UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTE

CARIBBEAN DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCY

CARIBBEAN AGRICULTURALRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

CARIBBEAN INSTITUTE OFMETEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT

The Centre coordinates the regionalresponse to climate change and is thekey node on climate change issues andthe Caribbean's efforts to manage and

adapt to climate change

CUBA INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY

JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY

POTSDAM INSTITUTEFOR CLIMATE IMPACT STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OFLOUISVILLE

FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

UK MET SERVICEHADLEY CENTRE

UN INSTITUTE FORTRAINING & RESEARCH

UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC)

● Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system…within a timeframe sufficient to allow eco-systems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”

UNFCCC – Developed Countries

● Commitment - To return individually or jointly to their 1990 levels of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2000

● In fact, their emissions have risen

UNFCCC

● Belize signed in 1992● Belize ratified in 1994● Convention came into force on 21 March 1994● At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group on the

Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established to draft an agreement to strengthen developed country commitments

● 8 negotiating sessions culminating in the Kyoto Protocol at COP 3 in 1997

Kyoto Protocol

● Parties included in Annex I (developed countries) shall reduce their overall emissions of GHGs by at least 5% below their 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012

● Came into effect on 16 February 2005 when 50 Parties representing 55% of global GHG emissions ratified US withdrew

Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

● Carbon dioxide (CO2)

● Methane (CH4)

● Nitrous oxide (N2O)● Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)● Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)● Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Sectors/Source Categories

● Energy● Forestry● Industrial Processes● Agriculture● Waste● Solvent and other product use

Parties and their assigned quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment

●Australia 108%

●Austria 92%

●Belgium 92%

●Bulgaria 92%

●Canada 94%

●Croatia 95%

●Czech Rep. 92%

●Denmark 92%

●Estonia 92%

●EU 92%

●Finland 92%

●France 92%

●Germany 92%

●Greece 92%

●Hungary 94%

●Iceland 110%

●Ireland 92%

●Italy 92%

●Japan 94%

●Latvia 92%

●Liechtenstein 92%

●Lithuania 92%

●Luxembourg 92%

●Monaco 92%

●Netherlands 92%

●New Zealand 100%

●Norway 101%

●Poland 94%

●Portugal 92%

●Romania 92%

●Russian Federation 100%

●Slovakia 92%

●Slovenia 92%

●Spain 92%

●Sweden 92%

●Switzerland 92%

●Ukraine 100%

●UK 92%

●USA 92%

Flexibility Mechanisms

● Joint Implementation (Article 4)● Emissions Trading (Article 6)● Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (Article

12)

Purpose of the CDM (Article 12.2)

● To assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development and achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention

● To assist developed countries in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments

Kyoto Protocol

● First Commitment Period: 2008- 2012● Art. 3.9: CMP shall initiate consideration of commitments

for subsequent periods at least 7 years before the end of the first commitment period

● 2005: CMP established the AWG-KP to define “subsequent commitment period(s), targets, …)

● Negotiations commenced … New gases? New sectors?

● International aviation and marine transport New Parties?

● What to do about the USA?

AWG-LCA

● Dialogue on Long Term Commitments commenced in 2005

● Bali Action Plan (2007) launched formal negotiations under the AWG-LCA Mitigation for developed and developing countries Adaptation Financing Technology

Copenhagen

● Negotiations of AWG-KP and AWG-LCA should have concluded in Copenhagen in 2009

● Failed● Negotiations resumed in 2010● Unlikely to have a comprehensive agreement in

Cancun in December 2010 Series of Decisions on other issues such as

Adaptation, Finance, Forestry, Technology

Issue: Mitigation by a few = Unfair Economic Competition

USA

KYOTO PARTIES

MAJOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Future?

● EU will purchase credits from any projects initiated prior to 31 December 2012

● Japan will purchase credits post 2012● EU will purchase credits from LDCs post 2012

for European Trading Scheme (ETS)● Voluntary markets will continue● Mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol incorporated in

any new instrument