dna nanotechnology

Small Idea’s Big Impact’s

Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR


Shrishaila cdDept of Genetics and Plant Breeding

DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY

SEMINAR 2 ON

IntroductionHistory of NanotechnologyNano particlesApplications of NanotechnologyDNA NanotechnologyDNA Nano StructuresCase StudiesApplications of DNA NanotechnologyConclusions



Nanotechnology

“Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at nanoscale”

‘Nano’ is a Greek word, means Dwarf

1 nm = 10ˉ m ⁹ i.e. one billionth of a meter


Nano scale


Richard Feynman, Father of nanotechnologyNobel Laureate(Physics)1965

Norio Taniguchicoined the term “Nanotechnology” (1974)

Michael Faraday 1831


Nano Particle

Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR(Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004)

TOP DOWN APPROACH

METHODS OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION

Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASR(Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004)

BOTTOM UP APPROACH


Properties of Nano particles

• Every substance regardless of composition exhibits new properties when the size is reduced to nano scale

• Properties of material is changed due to quantum effect


Things behave differently in nano-world

Carbon in the form of Graphite (i.e. pencil lead) is soft, at the nano-scale, can be stronger than steel and is six times lighter

Nano-scale copper is a highly elastic metal at room temperature, stretching to 50 times its original length without breaking

Shiny orange yellow Gold changes its colour to brownish black on reducing the size

Absorption of solar radiation in photovoltaic cells is much higher in nanoparticles than it is in thin films of continuous sheets of bulk material


Tools of Nanotechnology

Dendrimers

Quantumdots

Nanosensors

FullerenesCarbon Nanotubes

Nano Chips

C60

3D macromolecules

Dendrimers


ApplicationsOf

Nanotechnology


In Agriculture and Allied SciencesFood science and technology

Smart packaging with Nano silicon embedded durethan polymer to enhance the shelf life of the food materials

Seed technology

Use of carbon Nanotubes increases the germination through better penetration of the moisture

Soil remediation

Nanotech-based soil binder called SoilSet employed to avoid soil erosion

Water treatments

magnetite (iron oxide) nanocrystals to capture and remove arsenic from contaminated water

Agricultural Engineering Issues

Nano coating of agricultural tools to increase their resistance against wear and corrosion


Operates like human nose &Identify different types of odours and their concentrations

e-Nose

Medicine Cancer treatment ,Bone treatment, Drug delivery

Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT-based systems

Information Technology

Advanced packaging materials, sensors and lab-on-chips for food quality testing

Foods and beverages


DNA Nanotechnology


It is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures for technological uses

Also known as Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology

DNA is the carrier of Genetic information but here used as a structural component


History of DNA Nanotechnology

• 1964-Holliday Junction• 1970-Sticky Ends • 1980-DNA Nanotechnology• 1991-first synthetic 3D DNA Nanostructure developed• 1998-2D DNA Lattice• 2006-2D DNA Origami developed• 2009-3D DNA Origami developed


DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian C Seeman in the early 1980s

In 1991, Seeman's laboratory published a report on the first synthetic cube made up of DNA


DNA Nanostructures


Why DNA IN NANO WORLD

• Basic Geometric and Thermodynamic properties of DNA are well known and predictable by available software's like TILE SOFT, GenoCAD

• DNA’s Ladder like structure provides the key frame work to the scientists

• Existence of commercially available modifying enzymes• Persistent length of DNA is about 500Å• Self assembly property of DNA makes easy to construct the variety of

structures in a predictable manner• Shapes of DNA nanostructures can be controllable• Synthesis of SsDNA is less expensive• Assembled structures can be characterized by various techniques like

AFM,TEM,CryoEM


Construction of DNA Nanostructures

Mainly by using the following motifs• Stem loop(Hair pin) structure• Sticky ends• Holliday Junction


Stem loop

Unpaired region occur in Ss DNA or RNA The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop


Sticky ends

• An overhang is a stretch of unpaired nucleotides in the end of a DNA molecule

• These overhangs are in most cases Palindromic• Sticky ends are often used to combine two DNA nanostructures

together via hybridization of their complementary SsDNA


Holliday junction

• Robin Holliday proposed its existence in 1964• Two parallel DNA helices form a junction with one strand of each

DNA helix crossing over to the other DNA helix


DNA Lattice A DNA tile is a DNA nanostructure that has a number of sticky ends on its sides, which are termed pads

A DNA lattice is a DNA nanostructure composed of a group of DNA tiles that are assembled together via hybridization of their pads

Winfree, Yang and Seeman (1996) developed a family of DNA tiles known collectively as DX tiles


DNA Cube

• It is the first 3D DNA Structure• DNA Axes connected to form the cube• Each edge of the cube has 2 molecules

of dsDNA which are connected to each other

• It contains 6 different strands


DNA Origami

• Rothemund used the 5 SsDNA of M13 Phage 2006

• In 2009 Anderson et al. Extended to 3D Origami

• It is the nanoscale folding of SsDNA to create non-arbitrary two- and three-dimensional shapes

• SARSE software is using for developing the structure


DNA Nanotubes

• Double cross over arrays can be folded to form the DNA Nanotubes

• Can be made in to rings and spirals• Potential use in the fields of Drug delivery Gene therapy Electronic circuits


DNA Polyhedron

• By shih, Quispe & joyce 2004• By folding the five 40bp synthetic Ss DNA using a wire frame

structures


Case studies


Fabrication of DNA nanotubes using origami-basednanostructures with sticky ends

Mohammad Mousavi-Khattat ,Adele Rafati ,Pooria Gill

5th February 2015

Objective:- Fabrication of DNA nanotubes using a minimum numbers of staple oligomers for DNA origami


Materials and methods

M13mp18 phage genome caDNAno

S1 CCAACGTGCAGGTCATTCGTAS2 CACTATTCCGGTTCATGGTCGS3 TTCCAGTTCCCTTAAGCAGGCS4 GAGATAGGGTTGACGCGCGGGGAGAGGCGGTS5 ACGGCCAGTGCCTGTTTCCTGS6 CATGCCTCAAAGGGGCGCTCAS7 GAGGATCAAAGAACGTCGGGAS8 GGCAAAATTGGAACGCTGCATS9 ATCATGGGCTCACAAATGAGTGAGCTAACTCACS10 GGTACCGACGAGCCAGTGTAAS11 GAAAATCTTGCCCTCACCAGTS12 AGCGGTCCACGCTGGTTGAGAGACGCCAGG


S13 TGTGAAATTGTTATCCTCATAGCAAGCTTGS14 ACAACATAGCTCGAGACTCTAS15 CAGCTGACTGTTTGCGAAATCS16 CTGGCCCTTGCCCCTAAATCAAAAGAATAGCCCS17 AGCCTGGCTTTCCAGTGGACTS18 GAGACGGCGTGCCAAAGAGTCS19 GTGGTTTTCGGCCAAGTGTTGS20 TTGCGTATTGGGGTTGCAGCAS21 ATTAATTGCGTTCGAAAAACCGTCTATCACGS22 CTGCCCGGGTGCCTATTCCACS23 AACCTGTGCCATAAGGAAGAAS24 TAATGAATTCTTTTTCACCGC


Results

TEM Image


STM Image


Self-assembled aptamer-tethered DNA nanotrains fortargeted transport of molecular drugs

in cancer theranostics

Guizhi Zhu, Jing Zheng, Erqun Song, Michael Donovan, Kejing Zhang, Chen Liu, and Weihong Tana

May 14, 2013


Materials and Methods

Preparation of sgc8–NTrs and Drug Loading into Nanotrains

M1:- 5’CGTCGTGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAACGGCTTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGC3’

M2:-5’TGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCACGACGGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAAGCCGT3’

Sgc8 :-5’ATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGGAAAATACTGTACGGTTAGA3’ Sgc8–trigger 5’TGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCACGACGTTTATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGG3’

5 NOD.Cg-Prkdc (scid) IL2 mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained under pathogen Free conditions

Shrishaila CD(GPB) UASRGuizhi Zhu et al. PNAS 2013;110:7998-8003


ATOMCALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS

In March 2004, ETC Group reported on a nanotech research initiative in Thailand

That aims to atomically modify the characteristics of local rice varieties.

Researchers “drilled” a hole through the membrane of a rice cell in order to insert a nitrogen atom that would stimulate the rearrangement of the rice’s DNA.


Researchers have been able to alter the colour of a local rice variety from purple to green Named as BKOS6

Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L. cv.KDML 105) Rice embryos bombarded with N++N2+ ions at an energy level of 60 keVand ion fluence of 2×1016 ions/cm2


HAT-RAPD was applied for analysis of genomic variation in the mutant out Of 10 primers, two primers detected two additional DNA bands at 450 bp and 400 bp. Indicates presence of amino acid sequence of flavanoids


Applications of DNA Nanotechnology


DNA is the best nano wire in existence BCZ..1. It can self assemble2. It can self replicate3. It can adopt various states and conformations

Rapid Disease Detection using the DNA NanotubesAnd Molecular treatment


Wide range of uses ranging from building blocks to robotics

DNA Robotics

Used in making much smaller microchips than the current semiconductor fabrication technology

DNA Nanochips


DNA Computers

DNA can be used to make computers instead of silicon.• Maya-II is an example.

DNA Sensorsmade to detect any metal• Much faster than traditional testfor lead and mercury


DNA Walkers

DNA nanotechnology can be used to create walking bipedal nano robots• The walkers move on a DNA track

Protein structure determination

NANO Mosquitoes Used in militaries


NANO In INDIA

• The Department of Science and Technology has a plan called Nano Mission. It promotes basic research, infrastructure development, nano-applications and technology development, human resource development, and international collaborations. And it is headed by BHARATH RATNA Dr. C N R RAO

• The Department of Electronics and Information Technology focuses on nano electronics and technology development and on nanofabrication.


Two centres in India focusing on development of nanotechnology were established in

BENGALURU and MUMBAI

• India is among the top ten publishing countries in this area with rise in 9.1%in the past ten years

• In 2013 , 87 patents in nanotechnology were published by Indian assignees


Future work


Conclusions

Inaugurating the Global Forum On Agricultural Research(GFAR)Triennial conference –New Delhi 2006 ,President Dr. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM Focussed on the Nanotechnology as the new technology that must be applied in Agriculture and Food industry


Thank youFor your visit inNano world…

dna nanotechnology

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