dna and protein synthesis dna contains the genetic information to make amino acids amino acids...
TRANSCRIPT
DNA and Protein Synthesis
• DNA contains the genetic information to make amino acids
• Amino acids combine to make proteins
• These proteins determine the physical traits of an organism and control cellular functions.
• Proteins do everything, and DNA gets all the credit!
• Think of them as tiny minions who do all the work
DNA and Protein Synthesis - Transcription
Transcription:
1) DNA unzips
2) mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) copies info from DNA using base pairings
• RNA is different from DNAa) Single stranded, not double strandedb) Instead of deoxyribose, it has ribosec) instead of Thymine, it uses Uracil
3) Carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
DNA and Protein Synthesis
• Amino acids are linked together in the same order as the codons , creating a protein chain
• Just like linking letters to make words, linking amino acids makes proteins
mRNACUA AUG UGC
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
DNA and Mutations
Mutations are any changes that take place in DNA:
• Can be spontaneous or caused by mutagens• ex: Chemicals, high temperatures, UV light,
radiation
• Can change the genetic code, and be replicated when forming new body cells.
• In sex cells, can be passed on to offspring.
• Mutations can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful• ex: Blue eyes – a mutation that occurred 6-
10,000 years ago, can be traced back to one ancestor
• What kind of mutation is that?
DNA and Mutations - Substitution
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
• Substitution - Replace just one letter:
THE DOG BIT THE CAR
DNA and Mutations - Deletion
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
• Deletion: Delete just one letter (T):
THE DOG BIT HEC AT