dm brochure for ncm 106 (2)
TRANSCRIPT
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SYSTEMS PLUS COLLEGE FOUNDATION
Balibago, Angeles City
COLLEGE OF NURSING
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Prepared by:
Concepcion, Kimberly Trisha R.
Herrera, Joash Julius S.
Ligon, Rowena P.
Manlincon, Arlyn G.
What is diabetes?
STEM CELLS TO CURE TYPE 1
DIABETES MELLITUS
STATISTICS
In the Philippines, It is estimated that there are about 3million Filipinos who are diabetic, 50% are undiagnosed.Another 3 million Filipinos have impaired glucose tolerancewhich is a risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovasculardisease. The prevalence of the disease in the Asia Pacificregion has now reached epidemic proportions. (2013)
In the United States, a report says that 2 out 3 (66.6 %) adult
Americans, and 15 % of the children, are overweight. In the
United States alone, there are about 17 million diabetics. Five
to 10 % have Type I (juvenile), and the rest, Type II (adult
onset) diabetes. Before insulin was discovered in the early
1920s, type 1 diabetes had 100 % mortality. In the past 10
years, there has been a 33 % increased in the number of
diabetic patients. (July 28, 2013)
Obesity (excessive weight)
Age- as we get older we are more at
risk of developing diabetes
Heredity (passing of genes from
parent to child)
Race (ethnic origin) diabetes
frequently occurs more in some
ethnic groups.
Bad eating habits
Lack of physical activity
Diabetes is a condition that makes it difficult forthe body to use the glucose (sugar) in the blood.The body normally produces a hormone calledinsulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas. Thepancreas is an organ found in the tummy areaquite close to the stomach. Insulin allows theglucose in our food to be taken
from the blood andused bythe body for energy.
Stem cell research allows researchers to grow specific
varieties of human cells in the lab and research how
they behave and interact under different conditions.
Stem cells open up a wide spectrum of diabetes
research possibilities. Researchers took cells from
human intestine cells and disabled a gene which
enabled the cells to produce insulin.
Stem cells for the treatment of diabetes are able to
come from a variety of sources- Embryos, the
placenta, umbilical cord, bone marrow, blood cells
and teeth.
POSSIBLE CAUSE OF DIABETES
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What are the Different types of Diabetes?
Type I Type II GestationalDiabetes
Theirpancreas
hasstoppedproducinginsulin.
The pancreasis not
producingenoughinsulin tomeet thebodys needs;or the insulinthat isproduced isnot workingvery well.
The extra demands ofpregnancy mean that the
mother does not haveenough insulin to meether bodys needs.
It is vital for the babyshealth that the motherdoes not have high bloodsugar levels It is vital forthe babys health that themother does not havehigh blood sugar levels.
The exactcause ofthiscondition isstillunknown. Itusuallyoccurs inpeopleunder 35
years ofage, butthere areexceptionsto this.
Older peopleare morelikely todevelop type2 diabetes,but there areexceptions tothis.
It is only occurring inpregnancy.
TREATMENTPeople withthis type ofdiabetesneed to
injectinsulin
may includeany ofthe followingcombinations:
By controlling thequantity and type of theMothers food and drink.
If this is not enough totreat the condition, the
or use aninsulinpump.
diet andexercise;
diet,exerciseand tablets;
diet,exercise,tablets andinsulin;
diet,exerciseand insulin.
mother may be givenextra insulin as aninjection.
It is usually (but notalways) resolving within6 weeks of delivery.
Extreme thirst Drowsiness Frequent urination Irritability Extreme hunger Nausea Blurred vision Poor wound healing
What are the signsand symptoms ofdiabetes?
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Insulin Insulin is a hormone. It makes our body's cells absorb glucose
from the blood. The glucose is stored in the liver and muscle as
glycogen and stops the body
from using fat as a source of
energy.
Human insulin with different
durations of action (rapid-,
short-, intermediate-, and
long acting)
It may be subcutaneous injection or insulin infusion pump
Aspirate first the clear then the cloudy one.
Insulin shots work fastest when given in the abdomen.
Don't inject the insulin in exactly the same place each time, but
move around the same area. Each mealtime injection of insulinshould be given in the same general area for best results.
Insulin pump therapy
Changed every 1 to 3 days
Worn externally and injects insulin subcutaneous into the
abdomen
Infused in at low basal rate
Must monitor glucose level 4 times a day
Oral Antidiabetes Drugs It is for type 2 diabetes
It includes Sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, incretin
mimetics and
amylinomimetics.
Transplantation Pancreas transplant
Bariatric surgery Although it is notspecifically considered a
treatment for type 2
diabetes, people with
type 2 diabetes who
also have a body mass
index higher than 35
may benefit from this
type of surgery. People
who've undergone gastric bypass have seen significant
improvements in their blood sugar levels.
TREATMENT FOR DIABETES
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Diabetic patients undergoing
rehabilitation require careful
assessment, goal setting and good
teamwork that will often involve multiple
teams. For instance, some patients
require a simpler regime to enable afamily caregiver to administer regular
medications. In other cases,
improved control of blood glucose levels may assist with
wound healing or pain control (high glucose levels lower pain
thresholds).
To provide patients with feedback on the effects of
exercise therapy for diabetes, we use a multimeter
incorporating a timer for the exercises (ViM Sports Memory,
MicroStone Corporation), not a motion recorder attached tothe lumber region. The numerical values associated with the
exercises and activities during hospitalization are provided for
patients on a computer screen.
EXERCISEBenefits:
Lower blood glucose
Better weight control
More strength, energy
and flexibility
Less need for insulin and other diabetes
medications
Lower cholesterol Reduced stress
Feeling better about yourself.
Before you start, get a checkup
Good forms of aerobic exercise may include:
Walking
Swimming
Biking
Dancing
Be as consistent as possible.
In general:
The best time to exercise is
about 1- 3 hours after a meal.
Its considered best to build up at least 30 minutes on
most preferably all days of the week.
Its not best not to exercise when your insulin is peaking.
BEFORE EXERCISEIf you arent used to exercising, start
slowly. Whatever your fitness level,
remember to:
Test your blood glucose level
before exercising. (Ask your
REHABILITATION FOR DIABETES
PROMOTION AND PREVENTION
Be physically active: participate in at least 30
minutes of exercise every day
Eat well: enjoy a variety of healthy food including
at least 2 fruit and 5 vegetables a day, choose lean
meats, reduced fat dairy products and eat
wholegrain breads and cereals
Maintain a healthy weight
Limit alcohol intake
Quit smoking
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health care provider what levels are safe for you.
Do 5-10 minutes of warm-up activity, such as
walking at your regular pace, followed by gentle
stretching.
BEFORE EXERCISEIts important to gradually
increase the pace and
intensity of your exercise. Ask
your health care provider
about what signs mean you
should slow down. Its also
important to:
Carry diabetes identification
Be prepared for low blood glucose. (Carry glucose
tablets, juice or another fast-acting source of
carbohydrate.
AFTER EXERCISETake 5-10 minutes to cool down (walk slowly, then do gentle
stretches). Then check your blood glucose level so you can
learn how your body responds to exercise. Keep a logbook
with notes about each days:
Type and length of exercise
Pre- and post-exercise glucose levels.
WHAT TYPE OF DIETSHOULD YOU EAT?
Healthy diets are: low in refinedsugar;
low in saturatedfat;
high in fiber,vitaminsand minerals.
PRINCIPLES OF DIET MANAGEMENT
11.Have regular meal times andavoid skipping
meals.2. Have small and frequentmeals.3. Practice varied and balanceddiet.4. Distribute evenly the intakeof complex
carbohydrate between meals.
5. Ration the intake of fruit and milk.Milk : 1-2 serving per dayFruit: 1-2 serving per dayHave your fruits and milk after each main meal.
6. Increase your dietary fibre intake.7. Eat less fat or oil.8. Have regular exercise.9. Avoid alcohol intake.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Drink plenty of water before, during and after exercise. Make sure footwear fits properly. Check your feet after
exercising for redness, cuts, or sores. Avoid exercising when the weather is too hot, humid or cold. Learn what to eat or do if your blood glucose becomes too low
or high. Know how to adjust your diet and insulin on days when you are
more or less active than usual.
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BASIC DIET GUIDELINES SHOULD YOU WORRY ABOUTYOURCHOLESTEROL LEVEL?It is important to controlyourcholesterol level. Ahighcholesterol levelmay speed upthehardening of the arteriesand increase your risk ofaheart attack.A healthy low-fat dietwithplenty of high-fibre starchhelpsto control your cholesterol level.
HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU HAVEYOUR EYES TESTED?When you have diabetes youshould have your eyescheckedevery year by the doctor -including a fullexamination ofthe back of the eye.This is different to a vision test for glasses.
1. Avoid simple carbohydrates- Sugar
- Honey- Soft drink- Candy- Jam- Ice -cream- Sweetenedcondensed milk
2. Consume complex carbohydrates inmoderation
- Grain/cereals- Tuber- Bread- Biscuit- Pasta- Fruits
3. Eat freely the following items:- Spices- Water / Tea / Coffee (without sugar)
- Green leafy vegetables
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FOOT CARE
Note: Anything wrong with toe or foot can become a majorproblem for someone with diabetes. People with diabetes are
15 times more likely to have a foot or lower leg amputation
than someone without diabetes. Early treatment can reduce
the risk of serious infection or amputation.
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NICE TO KNOW FACTS
1. Diabetes is a silent epidemic and according to WHO there
are 246 million people in the world living with diabetes. This is
almost 6% of the world's adult population.
2. Diabetes in Asians is five times the rate of the white
population
3. Diabetes causes 6 deaths every minute and one in 20 deaths
in the world is due to the condition. Every year it is estimated
that 3.2 million people in the world die due to the diabetes or its
related causes.
4. Diabetes is an important 'silent killer disease' as there is
usually no early symptom of the disease. The commonest early
symptom is feeling thirsty
5. The major cause of increase in the incidence of diabetes is
a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise and diet can either reduce or
delay the incidence of diabetes by over 50%.
6. Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure in theworld. Besides this every year it is responsible for 5% or 5
million blindness in adults and one million limb amputations.
Diabetes is also an important cause of heart disease, stroke and
cataract.
7. The current cost of treating diabetes and its complications in
the world is estimated as US $ 215-375 billion. The disease is
growing fastest in developing countries where there are more
people in the lower and middle-income group.