dl small antennas

8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas

1/68

communications devices: practical aspects.Marta Martnez VzquezIMST GmbH

IEEE AP-S Distinguished LectureAugust 2011


2/68

Rens Baggen, Winfried Simon, Andreas Winkelmann (IMST)

Dirk Manteuffel (U. Kiel)

Jan Carlsson, Kristian Karlsson (SP) Cyril Luxey (U. Nice Sophia-Antipolis)

Zhinong Ying (Sony-Ericsson)

Jaume Anguera (Fractus S.A.)

2 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved


3/68

Staff: 150 employees (110 engineers / PhD)

Headquarters: Kamp-Lintfort, Germany

Berlin

Berlin

Berlin

NorthRhineWestfaliaBonn



Dsseldorf

Kamp-Lintfort

IMST

Dsseldorf

Kamp-Lintfort

IMST

Dsseldorf

Kamp-Lintfort

IMST

3 mmv, IEEE-DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved

Bonn

Bonn

Bonn


4/68

Telecom and IT

Automation

utomot ve

Medical Device

Security



5/68

For ADSTM

Library for multilayered elements

Coplanar element libraryIntegrated in Agilent ADSTM



6/68

-

,

Thin film and thick film technology

Hybrid circuits, bonding

Etching techniques

Fast prototyping

LTCC capabilities



7/68

Indoor nearfield / farfield

3D air-interface characterisation of mobiledevices

DAT-P-152/98-01

RF measurements up to 110 GHz

CE certification



8/68

Introduction & historical review

State of the art



9/68


State of the art



10/68

Internet

Dayly

newspapers

480m

1.4bn

Mobilephones

4bn

1.5bn

4bn mobiles worldwide = half of the population of the planet!!!



11/68

Number of mobiles for every 100 people

Source: i-strategy



12/68

30%

10%

20%

Q1 2010

0%

Source: IMS Research 2011

Ex ected smart hone sales 2011 : 420 Million


28% of total market


13/68

Get Smart! (1965)



14/68

Motorola DynaTAC

rst mo e p one prototype 7Size: 229 x 127 x 45 mm

Weight: 1,130 gsp ay: one

Talk time: 35 minutesRecharge Time: 10 hours

, ,

Motorola's DynaTAC 8000X

First commercial mobile phone (1983)Prize: $3,995

Size: 330 x 89 x 45 mm.Weight: 780 gDisplay: LEDTalk time: 30-minutes


eren co our com na ons: an gray, an an ar gray.


15/68

GSM, 3G, LTE GPS

Bluetooth DVB-H

FM

etc



16/68

ser mar e

Small dimensions

erv ce prov ers

networks:

Low weightMultiband capability

Broadband operation

Low costRobust to changes in the

environmentHigh efficiency

Optimised use of the



17/68

Go wireless!!!

but please provide:Small antennas

Light weight

Cheap

-

Multi-antenna systems



18/68



19/68

Handset evolutionandset evolutionSizeWeightPrice

FunctionalityDesign

1990 2000 2010



20/68

Last 15 ears: im act of la to s and mobile hones

Weight dropped by 57 percent in the last two years!

eason: smartp ones

3.53.3

3

3.5

MP3, iPod

1.6

2

2.5

Weight(kg) Mobile phone Laptop,

organiser

Smartphone

1.21.4

.

0.5

1

.


0

1990 1995 2000 2006 2008 2010


21/68

.whips

. to encourage users to hold it belowthe antenna

3. Plastic casing: part of the covermade of plastic

Nokia 8810 (1998)


. .


22/68

Hagenuk Global Handy (1996):The first GSM-phone with an integrated antenna!



23/68

The number of transistors that can be placedinexpensively on an integrated circuit hasdoubled approximately every two years

Antennas don't follow Moore's law

Maxwells laws!!!



24/68

Motorola 8900 1997 iPhone 4 (2010)First dual band GSM phone

130 x 59 x 25 mm248 g

- an+ Bluetooth/Wi-Fi + GPS

115 x 59 x 9 mm



25/68

GSM 900/1800Battery type: NiMH 950 mAhBattery life:Standby time: 100-130 hoursTalk time: 330-420 minutes

Time of full re-charging: 90 minutes

9632 pixels, which can show up to4 text lines, one line with icons

Phonebook: 100 phone numbers +SIM-card memory.

received/dialed calls 16 menu languagesUser's menu configurationVibrating alertSpeed dialingAutodialFaxSMSDimensions: 130x59x34 mm3Weight: 248 g.


Source: www.apple.com


26/68


State of the art



27/68

CONCEPT INTEGRATION PRODUCTION

Marketing

& sales

onceppreliminary

designDevelopment

Optimisation

& integration

Industrialisation

Hard tool go

Qualification

Ramp up

Mass

production

Product

upgrade



28/68

Antenna design process

Test hardware

First Measurements

Demonstrator (electrical properties)

Antenna development process

Technology & contacting

Prototyping

Production and delivery



29/68

Pre-defined mobile phone

n enna unc ona y

Available space / Shape

-

Interaction necessary with other design departments (circuits, mechanics)

Antenna design should start at the same time as handset development!!!



30/68

Bar phone withintegrated antenna

Flip-phone withexternal antenna

Bar phone withhelix antenna

Slide phone withintegrated



31/68

Multiband antenna

Integrated in casing

,

Mechanically robust

Low cost

High efficiency



32/68

1.51.435

Chu-Harrington theoretical limits:

1 1/Q(ka)

Antenna in free space enclosed in a sphereof radius a:

1

Q k a,( ))1(

312233

22

minakak

akQ

+

+=

a.

3BW 1max =

0 0.5 1 1.5 2.

1.5080.188 k a

Relation bandwidth - antenna volume

Goal: optimising this relation



33/68

a

a

Antenna only External antenna Internal antenna

Antenna not in free space: Finite ground plane

Effect of handset components (battery)

Users resence



34/68

Basis: Planar Inverted-F-Antenna (PIFA) Result: handset antenna

Input Impedance

0

)( SfZ in =

Folded radiator (miniaturisation)

Shape adapted to cover

Bandwidth),(* WHfBW =

ots an cuts to n ucemultimode


individual design for each mobile device!!


35/68

Monopole over infinite ground Handset with integrated PIFA

/4

/4

Infinite

~

/4 /4

Handset

/4

35 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reservedPROBLEM!


36/68

Current distribution on the patch inducescurrents on PCB (frequency related!)

PCB contributes to radiation

Equivalent circuit model


GSM DCS PCS UMTS


37/68

Courtesy of ST

o e an ennas

3D structures, irregular shape

n uence o eren e emen s

EM field solvers

Analysis

Design

Commercial packages vs. dedicated



38/68

Reasons: Influence of:

Geometry of the problem

- Size of the structure

- Com lexit

Hardware

- Memory requirements

- Processin ca abilities

- Simplified structures

Mathematics

- Simulation time

User

- o e m s

- System complexity

- Numerical stability

- n ers an ng o e mo e s

- Experience: select appropriatetools, discard elements, detectlimits

Physics

- Irregular grid (ghost reflections)

-- Source modelling

(mismatching, cable effect)

- Pro erties of the materials


(lossless, isotropic)


39/68

Simplified structure

Metallic atch

Antenna with foam carrier:mechanical stability

Source: ST

Courtesy of Sony-Ericsson


Courtesy of Nokia


40/68

-

2 oints of

view:

Effect on the user: SAR Effect ofthe user: losses

dTSAR c=

Radiated Mismatch(including user)

t

2 2

effSAR E E

= =

rad in a L abs

Delivered

Absor tion



41/68

-

Influence on the user:

EM fields in the body

Influence on the performance

Losses in the tissues

o og ca e ec s anges n ra a on pa ern

Antenna mismatch



42/68

SAR-measurementsDASY III setup

Radiated power in presence of user3D measurement setup



43/68

Frequency r (S/m) (kg/m3)

Different limits according to:

CENELEC (Europe)

900 MHz 42.5 0.861040

1800 MHz 41 1.69

FCC (USA)

ACA (Australia)

SAR recommended limits

Max. localSAR (W/kg)

Averagedover (g)

Europe 2 10USA 1.6 1



44/68

s an ar pos ons: ee anTilted, left and right side

Phone in transmit mode maximumpower

SAR at 3 different frequencies:,

Different liquids needed in differentbands

Cheek-Position Tilted-Position

3-band mobile phone:


= 36 measurements!!! (~ 18 hours!)


45/68

Cheek Tilted

Source: IMST

position position

Source: IMST

computational techniques for dosimetric

investigations with wireless handsets (IEEE

grid= 0.5 mm 3 mm

=SCC-34 WG-2)

Simulation time: ~ 5 min

2 x Xeon 5350 2.66 GHz



46/68

f = 900 MHz

Cochlea implant

Normalised local SAR-distribution (1W input power)

46 Vorlage Aug-11 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved


47/68


State of the art



48/68

9PROS

Aesthetical desi n

8CONS

Small available volumeLower cost

Mechanical robustness

Interaction with other components

Shadowing



49/68

Monopole

Large size Mechanically fragile Relatively high SAR

values

Helix

More robust than monopole

Multiband operation (combinedelements, variable pitch)

Meander line

Multiband operationExternal/internal



50/68

Dual-band, non-uniform helical antenaSource: Sony-Ericsson

phones (over 100-200 M)

Z.Ying (Ericsson, 1996)

g e c ency, c eap, easy o manu ac ure.

Dual-band mono-helix

Patent by Nokia, extensively used by Motorola

Relatively expensive solution

Source: Sony-Ericsson Branch meander multi-bandantenna

Z. Ying (Ericsson, 1997)


Flexible and easy to manufacture

Volume over 15 millions.


51/68

A-GPS

3G

BluetoothWLAN



52/68

Small, compact terminals

External design independent of antenna

More robust handsetsEasy to produce, cost effective



53/68

Very popular

High efficiency

,

Low cost

Multiband antennas operation possible



54/68

Coupled resonators (fed / coupled)

ma n s ze, ow pro uct on cost

Centre frequency and bandwidth can be controlled to some extent

an w t or ower an s m te

Require experienced engineers and reliable CAD tools

Source: IMST Combination patches / slotsSource: LEAT-CNRS

Source: IMST

an s:GSM 900/1800/1900

5 bands:GSM 900/1800/1900/UMTS/WLAN


4 bands:GSM 900/1800/1900/UMTS


55/68

-

Patch Antenna

C-patch antenna

-

Capacitive end to reduce size

-



56/68

Nokia 3210: planar Antenna

- - ec no ogy

3-D flexibility


g too ng costs: pro uct on vo ume must e g


57/68

Twin spiral and dual band PIFASource: Sony-Ericsson

Z. Ying (Ericsson, 1998), extended to dual band branch

PIFA for cellular phone

Similar patents filed from different companiesVery popular in Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson products.

Branch PIFA

First used in Nokia 8210 (1999)Different variants in the following years

2-/3-band solutions

Multiband folded monopole antenna

Branch or non-uniform meander line for

-

multi-band operation



58/68

-

Use of switches and matching networks

,

In the future: MEMs

Source: Aalto U.



59/68

PIFA+ open slot PIFA hexaband

Patent app. WO 01/22528a en app.


ReferencesReferences


60/68

ReferencesReferences

Jaume Anguera, Ivn Sanz, Alfonso Sanz, Antonio Condes, David Gala, Carles Puente, and JordiSoler, Enhancing the performance of handset antennas by means of groundplane design. IEEEInternational Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials (iWAT

2006 . New York USA March 2006.

Jaume Anguera, Ivn Sanz, Alfonso Sanz, Antonio Condes, Carles Puente, and Jordi Soler,Multiband Pifa Handset Antenna by Means of Groundplane Design, IEEE Antennas andPro a ation Societ International S m osium Albu uer ue New Mexico USA Jul 2006.

Cristina Picher, Jaume Anguera, Arnau Cabedo, Carles Puente, Sungtek Kahng, Multibandhandset antenna using slots on the ground plane: considerations to facilitate the integration ofthe feedin transmission line Pro ress In Electroma netics Research C Vol. 7 95-109 2009.(pdf)

Arnau Cabedo, Jaume Anguera, Cristina Picher, Miquel Rib, Carles Puente, Multi-Band Handset

Antenna Combinin a PIFA Slots and Ground Plane Modes IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, vol.57, n9, Sep. 2009 , pp.2526-2533



61/68

Small-size + bandwidth difficult tomeet simultaneously with self-resonant antennas

900 MHz: power radiated by

Small non-resonant, non-radiatingstructures: couple power into the E-GSM & DCSc aracter st c wavemo es o t e

chassis

matching circuits.

Source: Aalto U.

-



62/68

Zuleitung

-2

0

11000

13000

15000

17000

Semi-rigid coax

PCB

Speisepunkt

-6

-4

dB

Feed

PCB

-

-10

-8

|S

11|

/

Kurzschluss

planare Antenne-16

-14

Antennen-Resonanz PCB-Resonanz

Short

Couplingelement

Antenna PCB

f / MHz

Optimised coupling to the PCB


High efficiency (whole device acts as antenna)


63/68

-5

0

14

15 16 17

-5

0

14

15 16 17

-15

-10

DVB-H

GSM 850/900/1800/1900

5

6

7 89

1011

12 13Different values of the

matching network

components

-15

-10

DVB-H

GSM 850/900/1800/1900

5

6

7 89

1011

12 13Different values of the

matching network

components LTE

Plastic Casing

Coupling Element

Reconfigurable

Matching Plastic Casing

Coupling Element

Reconfigurable

Matching -30

-25

-

[

dB]

1

2

3

-30

-25

-

[

dB]

1

2

3

C2

L AntennaTX, RX

C2

L AntennaTX, RX

C2

L AntennaTX, RX -45

-40

-35

Total Antenna Efficiency of the MobileReconfigurable Matching NetworksNo Matching NetworkFM Radio-45

-40

-35

Total Antenna Efficiency of the MobileReconfigurable Matching NetworksNo Matching NetworkFM Radio

PCB of the Mobile

C1Frontend

PCB of the Mobile

C1Frontend C1Frontend

100 1000

-50

f [MHz]

s ma e n mum c ency

100 1000

-50

f [MHz]

s ma e n mum c ency

Reconfigurable matching network

Multiband operation


D. MANTEUFFEL, M. ARNOLD: Considerations for Reconfigurable Multi-Standard Antennas for Mobile Terminals. In: IWAT2008 - IEEE International Workshop on AntennaTechnology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, Chiba, Japan, March 2008.


64/68

Matching circuits (L, C)Coupling element

Multistandard operation, single module

LTCC technology

example-networkexample-network



65/68



66/68



67/68

Nokia Morph concept device - Nokia Research Center (NRC),Cambridge Nanoscience Centre

Nanoscale technologies, flexible and transparent materials,



68/68

Thank you for your attention!

.

For more information please visit:

http://www.imst.com

IEEE APS DLPAugust 2011

dl small antennas

Documents