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Distribution Management SystemOpen++ Opera v.3.2User Manual

1MRS 751464-MUM Open++ Opera v.3.2Issued: 31.12.1999Version: B/21.2.2001Checked: MKApproved: PV

User Manual

We reserve the right to change data without prior notice

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Contents

Page

1 About This Manual .........................................................................5

1.1 Notices ............................................................................................ 5

1.2 Open++ Opera Documents ............................................................. 5

1.3 How to Use This Manual ................................................................. 5

2 Introduction ....................................................................................7

2.1 General Introduction........................................................................ 7

3 Starting OperaWS ..........................................................................9

3.1 Starting OperaWS ........................................................................... 9

4 Modes of OperaWS ......................................................................10

4.1 Modes of OperaWS....................................................................... 10

5 Updating Network Data and Switching State.............................12

5.1 Updating Network Data ................................................................. 12

5.2 Updating Normal Switching State .................................................. 12

6 Online Help ...................................................................................13

6.1 Online Help ................................................................................... 13

7 User Interface ...............................................................................15

7.1 General ......................................................................................... 15

7.2 Contents of the User Interface....................................................... 15

Open++ Opera v.3.2Contents

User Manual 1MRS751464-MUM

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7.3 Network Data ................................................................................ 17

7.3.1 Information in the Network Windows ................................. 17

7.3.2 Network Diagrams............................................................. 19

7.3.3 Station and Control Pictures and Internal Station Diagrams20

7.3.4 Component Data Presentation........................................... 23

7.4 Symbol Legend and Line Colors Used .......................................... 29

7.5 Notes ............................................................................................ 30

8 Settings of Workstations .............................................................31

8.1 General......................................................................................... 31

8.2 Network View Settings .................................................................. 31

8.2.1 General ............................................................................. 31

8.2.2 Language of the User Interface ......................................... 31

8.2.3 Fonts of the User Interface ................................................ 31

8.2.4 Local Settings.................................................................... 32

8.2.5 Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes ........ 34

8.2.6 Code Text Color Settings................................................... 34

8.2.7 Network Coloring Limits..................................................... 35

8.3 Network Analysis Settings............................................................. 36

8.3.1 Meshed Network Analysis Settings.................................... 39

8.4 Fault Location Parameters ............................................................ 40

8.5 The Outlook of Background Maps................................................. 42

8.6 The Storage Location of Background Maps .................................. 44

9 Topology management ................................................................46

9.1 Topology management ................................................................. 46

9.2 Network Topology Monitoring ....................................................... 46

9.2.1 Trace Functions................................................................. 47

9.3 Management of Switching State.................................................... 48

9.3.1 Switching Devices Connected to MicroSCADA.................. 49

9.3.2 Switching Devices Not Connected to MicroSCADA ........... 50

10 Network Analysis .........................................................................52

10.1 Network Analysis .......................................................................... 52

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.2Contents

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10.2 Monitoring of the Electrical State of the Network ........................... 52

10.2.1 Protection Relay................................................................. 54

10.2.2 Load Curve ........................................................................ 56

10.2.3 Measurements ................................................................... 57

10.3 Simulation of Network State .......................................................... 59

10.3.1 Changing of Switching State .............................................. 59

10.3.2 Changing of Relay Settings................................................ 60

10.3.3 Changing of Network Analysis Settings.............................. 61

10.4 Load Estimation ............................................................................ 61

11 Fault Management........................................................................63

11.1 General ......................................................................................... 63

11.2 Fault Location................................................................................ 64

11.3 Fault Isolation and Restoration ...................................................... 66

11.3.1 Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration .......................... 67

11.3.2 Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration .............................. 69

11.4 Manual Fault Management ............................................................ 71

11.5 Management of On-Site Readable Fault Detector State................ 76

11.6 Archiving of the Fault Data ............................................................ 77

11.7 Fault Location Simulation .............................................................. 79

12 Switching Planning ......................................................................83

12.1 General about Switching Planning................................................. 83

12.2 Outage Planning............................................................................ 83

12.3 Modifying, Simulating and Executing the Switching Plan ............... 85

13 Reconfiguration ...........................................................................88

13.1 General ......................................................................................... 88

14 Field Crew Management ..............................................................91

14.1 Field Crew Management ............................................................... 91

15 Customer Service.........................................................................93

15.1 General ......................................................................................... 93

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16 Database Analysis........................................................................95

16.1 Database Analysis ........................................................................ 95

16.2 Graphical Queries in Open++ Opera............................................. 95

16.3 Graphical Restriction of the Query Focus...................................... 98

17 Document Archive........................................................................99

17.1 Document Archive......................................................................... 99

18 Map Printing................................................................................101

18.1 Map Printing.................................................................................101

Glossary of Terms ............................................................................104

Index ..................................................................................................122

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.21 About This Manual

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1 About This Manual

1.1 Notices

Notice 1

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should notbe construed as a commitment by ABB. ABB assumes no responsibility for any errorthat may occur in this document.

Notice 2

This document complies with the program revision v. 3.2

Notice 3

1.2 Open++ Opera Documents

The following documents are associated with Open++ Opera:

User Manual 1MRS 751464-MUM

Administrator Manual 1MRS 751465-MUM

Installation Manual 1MRS 751466-MUM

System Description 1MRS 751467-MUM

MicroSCADA Integration Manual 1MRS 751468-MUM

Microsoft, MS Access and MS Windows NT are trademarks of MicrosoftCorporation. Other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks oftheir respective holders.

1.3 How to Use This Manual

All the functions needed by the everyday user of the Open++ Opera distributionmanagement system (available in OperaWS) are described in this User manual.

A general description of Open++ Opera is given in the System Description.Installation of Open++ Opera is described in the Installation Manual. Initialization ofthe system functions needed by the administrator (available in OperaSA andOperaNE) is described in the Administrator Manual. The MicroSCADA IntegrationManual accounts for the tasks made with LIB 500 Opera Interface Package in theMicroSCADA environment.

The manner in which functions are presented in all manuals is described below:

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• Menu commands are presented in bold text, for example View. Submenucommands are separated from main menu commands with =>, for example View=> Coloring => Topology by Feeders. Command buttons are also presented inbold text, for example Close.

• The fields, list boxes, option buttons (i.e. boxes) and check boxes in dialog boxesare shown as bold texts.

• The right mouse button is used for special functions, which are shown in cursivetext in this manual.

• Toolbar buttons which have the same functions as menu commands are shownopposite the command text in the manuals, for example View => Coloring =>Topology by Primary Transformers.

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.22 Introduction

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2 Introduction

2.1 General Introduction

Open++ Opera is a geographical distribution network management system (DMS).The software extends traditional MicroSCADA capabilities by providinggeographically based network views and advanced functions. The software has beendesigned to assist the operation's personnel of electric companies in monitoring andoperating their networks. Both raster and vector based maps can be used asbackgrounds for the network window. It is also possible to create and use schematicnetwork views, instead of geographically based network presentations and maps.

The software runs on PCs using the MS Windows NT operating systems, both inseparate workstations or workstations connected to a fileserver. The saving of networkand process data is made with MS Access database management software. Thegraphics-based user interface of Open++ Opera is unambiguous and the standardWindows ‘look and feel’, together with online help, makes it easy to learn.

The Open++ Opera system consists of three programs from the user’s point of view:Opera Network Editor (OperaNE), Opera Server Application (OperaSA), and OperaWorkstation (OperaWS). The architecture of the Open++ Opera system is described inmore detail in the System Description.

Opera Workstation (OperaWS) is a program for distribution network topologymanagement. The program contains functions such as network analysis, fault location,switching planning, field crew management, load estimation, database analysis,document archive and map printing. The functional content of the system depends onthe licenses and definition of optional functions during installation of the system (Formore information about installing Open++ Opera, see the Installation Manual and theAdministrator Manual). The network analysis includes power flow and fault currentcalculations together with protection analysis and operational simulations. The faultlocation is based on fault distance calculation and fault detector data. The basis ofOperaWS is a distribution network database managed by OperaNE and real timeprocess data from MicroSCADA via OperaSA. Control actions occurs mostly in themonitor window of MicroSCADA opened from OperaWS.

Important phases in implementation of Open++ Opera are the creation of a networkdatabase and the integration of Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA. Other initializationtasks like initialization of background maps, defining symbols and system settings ismade in OperaNE, which is a tool of the administrator. The implementation ofOpen++ Opera and the functions of OperaNE are presented in the AdministratorManual. The MicroSCADA Integration Manual accounts for the tasks of theintegration made in the MicroSCADA environment.

This User Manual describes the properties of all OperaWS functions by supposingthat all licenses and optional functions are included and there are no authorityrestrictions (For more information about licenses and optional functions, see theInstallation Manual and the Administrator Manual. The absence of some license oroptional function removes or makes those functions unavailable from the userinterface. First, the user interface of OperaWS is described. Topology management is

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the main function and is described in Chapter "Topology management" on page 46.The methods of a network analysis are described in the System Description. Thesettings, performance and use of network analysis are described in Chapter "NetworkAnalysis" on page 52 of this manual. The functions of the fault location are describedin Chapter "Fault Management" on page 63. Also, switching planning,reconfiguration, field crew management, load estimation, document library and mapprinting are introduced in Chapters "Switching Planning" on page 83,"Reconfiguration" on page 88, "Field Crew Management" on page 91, "LoadEstimation" on page 61, "Document Archive" on page 99 and "Map Printing" on page101. The queries to the database can be done in Open++ Opera. MS Access queriesand creating new queries are functions of the administrator and the tasks are describedin the Administrator Manual. Execution of saved graphical queries and the printing ofnetwork maps and diagrams are supported both in OperaNE and OperaWS. Thesefunctions are described in Chapter "Database Analysis" on page 95.

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.23 Starting OperaWS

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3 Starting OperaWS

3.1 Starting OperaWS

OperaWS is normally started from MicroSCADA by clicking the Open++ Opera =>OperaWS command. The authorization of the user logged onto MicroSCADA is thenchecked (For more information about user authorization, see the AdministratorManual and the MicroSCADA Integration Manual.). OperaWS can also be started bydouble clicking the OperaWS icon or file name OPERAWS.EXE in file managerprogram. In that case the integration to MicroSCADA is defective.

During the start up process from MicroSCADA, OperaWS:

1 Tests the connection to the primary fileserver. In the case of a disconnection fromthe primary fileserver, the option of trying to connect to a secondary fileserver ispresented. If the secondary fileserver connection is also not available, OperaWS isquitted.

2 Tests the connection to the MicroSCADA system. If the connection is OK,OperaWS reads the real time status of the switches (from the Opera database)obtained from MicroSCADA via OperaSA. If the connection to MicroSCADA isnot in use, a message is displayed and the last states of the switches are read fromthe Opera database. While disconnected, changes in the states of the switches aresaved to the Opera database. After reconnecting to MicroSCADA, the real timestates of the switches are obtained by OperaSA.

3 Loads the distribution network data from the binary network file and the temporarynetwork data from the temporary network file.

4 Creates a distribution network topology from the distribution network data,temporary network data and the state of the switches.

5 Performs a network analysis of the present network topology.

6 Represents the distribution network, colored according to the switching state of thefeeders in the main network window and according to the voltage drops in theauxiliary network window (the default views can be changed during projecting).

7 Checks for and announces if any new fault has occurred while disconnected. If newunrepaired faults are found, OperaWS asks if the faults should be displayed on thescreen.

Upon completing start up, OperaWS is in its basic mode, which is the StateMonitoring Mode. During the Simulation Mode or Switching Planning Mode, the Esckey returns OperaWS to this mode.

OperaWS automatically opens a MicroSCADA monitor after a connection has beenmade between Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA.

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4 Modes of OperaWS

4.1 Modes of OperaWS

OperaWS operates in three different modes:

• The State Monitoring Mode enables network topology monitoring, networkanalysis, and fault location with the real time network data (also contains possibletemporary networks) and switch states. The management of real time switch statesis normally made via OperaSA from MicroSCADA. The management can also bemade manually during disconnection from MicroSCADA. In the State MonitoringMode OperaWS displays the date and time in the third pane of the status bar. If theconnection to MicroSCADA is broken, a blinking text “OFFLINE” is displayed inthe third pane of the status bar.

• The Simulation Mode enables network analysis with the switches in a simulatedstate, with modified relay data or with modified or forecasted load data, and faultlocation with simulated fault data. In the Simulation Mode, OperaWS is notconnected to process through MicroSCADA and time is not displayed in the thirdpane of status bar. However, a blinking text “Simulation” is displayed in thesecond pane of status bar.

• The Switching Planning Mode enables the planning of a switching sequenceduring the fault or maintenance outage. During the Switching Planning Mode ablinking text “Switching Planning” is displayed in the second pane of the statusbar.

• The Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode enables the definedOperaWS workstation to automatically locate, isolate and restore the fault.

Upon completion of the start up process, OperaWS is in the State Monitoring Mode.Clicking the Analyze => Simulation command changes OperaWS to a SimulationMode. Return to the State Monitoring Mode is made by canceling the selection of theAnalyze => Back to State Monitoring command or automatically after a faultappears.

OperaWS automatically changes to the Switching Planning Mode after selecting theswitching planning function via one of the commands Operations => CreateSequence, Operations => New Switching Plan or Operations => Open SwitchingPlan. A return to the State Monitoring Mode occurs by clicking the Operations =>Stop Planning command or by closing the switching planning dialog box.

OperaWS uses station diagrams for the management of station data in all modes. Bothinternal station diagrams and MicroSCADA station and control pictures are used inOperaWS. In all modes, internal station diagrams can be seen on the network windowwhen zooming close enough to a station.

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.24 Modes of OperaWS

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In the State Monitoring Mode and the Switching Planning Mode the MicroSCADAstation or control picture is opened by selecting the Diagram command from theshortcut menu after clicking the right mouse button on the station or the object with anintegrated MicroSCADA picture (For more information about integration networkobjects and MicroSCADA pictures, see the Administrator Manual). The View =>Station Diagram command can also be used to open the MicroSCADA stationpicture window. Other defined MicroSCADA pictures, not just station and controlpictures, (for example alarms, events) can also be opened with the File => ScadaPictures command (For more information about definition of MicroSCADA pictures,see the Administrator Manual).

In the Simulation Mode and during simulation in the Switching Planning Mode, theOpen++ Opera internal station diagrams are used instead of MicroSCADA pictures.After clicking the Diagram command from the shortcut menu opened by clicking onthe right mouse button on the station, the internal station diagram window opens.Also, the View => Station Diagram command opens the internal station diagramwindow. These diagrams are used for managing the data of station components andfor simulation purposes.

Open++ Opera v.3.25 Updating Network Data andSwitching State


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5 Updating Network Data and Switching State

5.1 Updating Network Data

When starting up, OperaWS reads network data from the binary network file of thefileserver. Correspondingly, the temporary network data is read. OperaNE can be usedto update network data (also temporary network data), while instances of OperaWSare running. OperaNE updates the binary network file and the temporary network filein fileserver from the user input. At the same time it also sends message to allinstances of OperaWS about the new network data. New network data can be updatedright away by accepting the suggestion in the message window or later by using theFile => Refresh Network Data.

5.2 Updating Normal Switching State

When starting up, OperaWS reads the real time status of the switches (from the Operadatabase) obtained from MicroSCADA via OperaSA. If the connection toMicroSCADA is not in use, a message is displayed and the last states of the switchesare read from the Opera database. The switching state is used to present thedistribution network topology.

During start up, OperaWS reads also the saved normal switching state data from thefile. The View => Show => Abnormal Switching States commands shows theswitches, which are in different state, using the defined symbol.

The File => Save as Normal State command is used to update the existing switchingstate to the user-defined normal switching state file. At the same time the message issent to all instances of OperaWS about the new data. New switching state data isautomatically updated right away.

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.26 Online Help

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6 Online Help

6.1 Online Help

OperaWS has an online help resource. The Help command contains the followingfunctions:

• The Contents and Index command starts the help program (Figure 1). The Helpnavigator contains four tabs: Contents shows the contents of the OperaWS help,Index shows the index list of the OperaWS help, Find enables the full text searchand Favorites enables the defining of the favorite pages.

• The What's This? command changes the pointer into a question mark and afterthe user clicks the place on the screen, a help window about the chosen functionpops up.

• The About Open++ Opera command opens the window, which shows data aboutthe Open++ Opera version. This command also prints the license information tothe alarms list.

Figure 1. OperaWS HTML help

Online help can also be found by:

• Pressing the F1 key, then the help program shows the help window of the activefunction of the program.

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• Clicking Help in some dialog boxes, then the help program shows the helpwindow of the appropriate dialog box.

The user interface of the help program window contains the navigator, toolbar and thetext and picture window. The shortcut menu opens with the right mouse button.

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.27 User Interface

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7 User Interface

7.1 General

The most important tasks of the user interface in OperaWS are:

• To represent the network topology and the results of the network analysis andfault location efficiently and unambiguously to the user.

• To make easy management of the system functions possible.

Data is represented in dialog boxes, graphics-based network windows and diagrams,geographic maps, and colors. Functions are selected from mouse and keyboard-controlled menus and submenus or from toolbar buttons. The dialog boxes containscrolling bars, list boxes, check boxes, option buttons, command buttons, and otherelements from the MS Windows NT user interface.

The right mouse button has special functions, which are shown in cursive text in thismanual.

If the pointer is held for a moment over a toolbar button, a description of the functionpops up near the button. At the same time, text describing the function is displayed onthe status bar.

By clicking with the right mouse button over the main network window displays ashortcut (pop-up) menu. The menu content depends on the position of the mouse. Ifposition is outside the range of locating network components, menu contains onlyPrevious Zoom option.

7.2 Contents of the User Interface

The user interface of OperaWS consists of title bar, menu, toolbar, status bar, andmain and auxiliary network windows showing the distribution network. The toolbarcan be hidden with the Window => Toolbar command. The Window => ArrangeWindows command arranges the windows back to their preset places.

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Figure 2. The OperaWS user interface

OperaWS represents the distribution network in two network windows (Figure 2). Theauxiliary network window always shows the whole network. The main networkwindow shows the area of the network in more detail. The area covered by the mainnetwork window is shown as a rectangle in the auxiliary network window. The sizeand location of network windows can be changed and are saved during shutting downof the program.

The network view shown in the main network window can be changed by:

• Choosing the area from either network window by clicking the left mouse buttondown on one corner of the area and releasing it on the opposite corner (zooming).

• Grasping the rectangle of the auxiliary network window with the right mousebutton and dragging it to the new location.

• Moving the rectangle of the auxiliary network window to a new location byclicking down the left mouse button in the center of the new location in theauxiliary network window.

• Moving the map in the main network window by clicking down the right mousebutton, moving the mouse in the desired direction and releasing it (panning).

• Zooming the main network window step by step with the View => Zoom In orView => Zoom Out commands or return to the previous zoom with View =>Zoom Previous command (or with Previous Zoom shortcut menu command).


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When the View => Zoom All command is clicked the main network window willshow the whole network. The View => Save/Restore Zoom command enables themanagement of the zoom views by the separate dialog. Click the Save zoom button tosave the current view of the main network window by the name written into Zoomname box. Click the Delete zoom button to delete the selected zoom view. TheRestore zoom button restores the selected zoom view into the main network window.The Cancel button restores the previous zoom before opening the dialog. The Closebutton closes the dialog keeping the last restored zoom view in the main networkwindow.

OperaWS uses geographic maps as a background for the distribution network. Theadministrator can set background map usage (For more information aboutinitialization of the background maps, see the Administrator Manual). The outlookand location of map material can be set workstation specific in OperaWS. Thebackground maps can also be disabled via the Settings => Maps => Outlookcommand (For more information about outlook and storage of the background maps,see "The Outlook of Background Maps" on page 42 and "The Storage Location ofBackground Maps" on page 44).

The most common way to manage and study the network state is by selecting thecomponent in the main network window. The left mouse button can be used to clickthe node or line section for observation. Also clicking the Node Informationcommand of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over thenode or line section in the main network window has the same effect. The nodeinformation dialog box is then opened (For more information about node dialog box,see "Component Data Presentation" on page 23). More accurate details can be handledby diagrams (For more information about diagrams, see "Network Diagrams" on page19).

7.3 Network Data

Inserting network data is made by OperaNE. The administrator can also specify thesymbols, line colors and background color used in the network windows and diagrams(For more information about symbols and colors, see the Administrator Manual).

7.3.1 Information in the Network Windows

Upon completion of the start up process, OperaWS is in the State Monitoring Mode (ifthe fault location is not started). OperaWS loads the distribution network data from thebinary network file and the temporary network data from the temporary network file.The distribution network colored according to the switching state of the feeders in themain network window and according to the voltage drops in the auxiliary networkwindow (the default views can be changed during projecting) is presented. Thenetwork and network analysis results in the network windows are based on the data ofthe network database, temporary network and real time switching state.

The information in the two network windows can be chosen using the submenus of theView => Coloring menu. The functions focus on the active network window.



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The colors represent different kinds of information. Colors of the network lines aredefined in OperaNE (For more information about definition of network lines, see theAdministrator Manual). When presenting feeder topology (View => Coloring =>Topology by Feeders), adjacent feeders are colored with a separate color so that anopen switch is easy to find. Cold lines, lines in looped connections, earthed anduncertain lines are presented with separate colors. Main transformer topology (View=> Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers) and conductor typesaccording to the resistance and type of conductor (View => Coloring => Line Types)are presented respectively (Figure 3). An extra window with color information isopened onto the screen if needed. The size and location of the window can be changedand are saved during shutting down of the program.

Figure 3. Line Type window

According to the results of the network analysis the network lines can be colored toshow.

• Voltage drops (View => Coloring => Voltages)(Figure 4).

• Detection of short-circuit protection (View => Coloring => Detection Ability toOvercurrent Fault).

• Short-circuit capacity (View => Coloring => 3-phase Short Circuit Capacity).

• Detection of earth fault protection (View => Coloring => Earth Fault Protection).

• Load levels (View => Coloring => Load Levels).

Warning level and alarm level colors are used to present network analysis resultswhen the calculated values exceed the corresponding settings for the limits. The waythe calculation results are presented depends on the network coloring limits (For moreinformation about network coloring limits, see "Network Analysis Settings" on page36). During representation of calculation or analysis results, white is used to representthe lines, which cannot be calculated because of the lack of source information (forexample earth fault relay data).


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Figure 4. Voltages window

The View => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations command shows theunsupplied MV/LV stations with white symbol in the network window. The functionfocuses on the active switching state.

The View => Feeder command enables the selection of the feeder by the name orcode. The selected feeder is showed with the warning color in the main networkwindow automatically zoomed to the feeder area. Meshed network feeders cannot beselected to zoom.

The Window => Alarms command opens the window containing the last alarms ofOperaWS (for example the exceeding of limits set in network analysis). The size andlocation of the window can be changed (Figure 5). The state of the window (visibility,size and location) is saved during shutting down the program.

Figure 5. Alarms window

7.3.2 Network Diagrams

OperaWS can also present selected parts of the network as diagrams. The networkdiagram is generated automatically using the existing network data so that no specialtasks are needed during network data entry.

The network diagram window opens automatically when the user clicks the Diagramcommand from the popup menu opened by clicking on the right mouse button on the



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network location in the main network window (Figure 6). The size of the diagram canbe changed.

The colors and symbols used in the network diagram window are the same as in thenetwork windows when the View => Coloring => Topology by Feeders command isselected. MV/LV station and switch label codes are shown in the diagram.Exceptionally, the label names are shown when they are selected to be shown in thenetwork window. The left mouse button can be used to click the node or line sectionfor closer observation. The node information dialog box is then opened (For moreinformation about node information dialog box, see "Component Data Presentation"on page 23).

Figure 6. An example of a network diagram

7.3.3 Station and Control Pictures and Internal Station Diagrams

Station diagrams enable station components to be handled in greater detail and toshow the switching states of station components. OperaWS uses two kinds of stationdiagram presentations: station and control pictures from MicroSCADA and internalstation diagrams (Figure 7). The internal station diagrams are needed for managing thedata of station components during simulations.

Normally, internal station diagrams are converted from MicroSCADA. Stationdiagrams can also be created in OperaNE (For more information about creation ofstation diagrams in OperaNE, see the Administrator Manual).


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Figure 7. An example of an internal station diagram

A particular symbol in the network window means that the object has a stationdiagram presentation. The View => Show => Substation Labels command containssubmenu for defining the showing of codes or names of the substations in the networkwindow. The internal station diagram becomes visible after zooming in close enough.In the State Monitoring Mode of OperaWS the MicroSCADA station or controlpicture is opened when the symbol or station diagram in the network window isclicked with the right mouse button and the Diagram command is selected from theshortcut menu (Figure 8). The station picture can also be opened with the View =>Station Diagram command. This function asks for the name of the station to beopened in a separate window. It is possible to have multiple station pictures open atthe same time.



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Figure 8. An example of a MicroSCADA station picture

The internal station diagram window becomes visible in the Simulation Mode whenthe symbol or station diagram in the network window is clicked with the right mousebutton and the Diagram command is selected from the shortcut menu. The stationdiagram window can also be opened with the View => Station Diagram command.This command asks for the name of the station to be opened in the diagram window. Itis possible to have many stations diagram windows opened at the same time. Editingof the diagrams in Simulation Mode is made in the network window (not in a separatediagram window). However, inserting a new feeder is an exception and can be startedinside the network diagram window.

The colors of the root points of the feeders in the MicroSCADA station and controlpictures are always the same as the feeder colors in the feeder topology presentationmode of the network window (For more information about root point coloring, see theAdministrator Manual). The feeder colors of the internal station diagrams inSimulation Mode are also the same.

Other diagrams can also be created in OperaNE (Figure 9). These diagrams containnetwork objects, which would be shown more accurately in diagram mode, forexample MV/LV stations and disconnector stations (For more information aboutdefining diagrams, see the Administrator Manual). Zooming close enough to this kindof diagrams displays them in detail. Diagram windows are opened by selecting theDiagram command from the shortcut menu after clicking them with the right mousebutton.


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Figure 9. An example of a MV/LV station diagram

7.3.4 Component Data Presentation

The presentation of component names, codes, and locations assists in finding thecomponent from the network.

The View => Show => MV/LV Station Labels and View => Show => SwitchLabels commands contains submenus for defining the showing of codes or names ofthe appropriate components. The commands can be used to assist in locating thecomponents on the network. The system specific color settings of the codes and namesare defined during TrueType symbol definition in OperaNE or with Settings =>General (For more information about symbol definition, see "Code Text ColorSettings" on page 34) command. The state of presentation of the codes and names issaved during quitting of the program.

Remote operated switches on the network are represented with a white symbol whenthe View => Show => Remote Disconnectors command is clicked. Similarly, theView => Show => Transformer Switches command causes the transformer switchesand the View => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations command causesunsupplied MV/LV stations to be represented with a white symbol in the networkwindow. The function focuses on the active switching state.

The View => Find => MV/LV Station and View => Find => Switch commandsassist in finding the object by showing a list of all selectable objects and then showingthe code and name of the selected object in a white box near the object. The list can besorted according to codes or names. The sort order is saved during shutting down ofthe program. Many objects can be shown simultaneously. The boxes can be removedwith the View => Find => Clear command.

The dialog box of a node and feeding line section can be opened by selecting the nodeby clicking the left mouse button on it in the network window, network diagram orinternal station diagram. Also clicking the Node Information command of theshortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line sectionin the main network window has the same effect. (Figure 10). When a node of linesection is selected the network node and feeding line section is highlighted in thenetwork window.



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Figure 10. An example of the Node Information dialog box for MV/LV substation node

The content of the dialog box depends on the end node of the line section. The basicdata of the line section and the possible end node, together with some networkanalysis results, is presented in the dialog box. The highlighted node of the two endnodes of the line section is the one where the voltage level is lower than in the otherend. This must be taken into account when reading network analysis results from thedialog. Flowing current is always positive since the direction is to lower voltage level.However, active or reactive power may be negative e.g. in the case when the lines areovercompensated.

The buttons for examining the data of line section/end node is included. Documents isavailable, if at least one document is connected to the end node. The buttons are usedto examine the documents, load curve, protection relay data and free data form (Formore information, see "Document Archive" on page 99, "Load Curve" on page 56,"Protection Relay" on page 54 and "Free Data Forms" on page 25).

7.3.4.1 Feeder Information

The Feeder Information command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the rightmouse button over the node or line section open the Feeder Information dialog(Figure 11). The dialog contains the name of the selected feeder, the name of thecircuit-breaker for the selected feeder, an amount of transformers in the selectedfeeder and total load of the selected feeder. If the network analysis license is notincluded the load information is not shown.


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Figure 11. Feeder Information dialog

7.3.4.2 Free Data Forms

Free data forms of components and objects are opened by selecting the preceding linesection with end node with a mouse click from the network window, network diagramor internal station diagram and by clicking Data Form in the node dialog box (Figure12). Free data forms are also used to present free database objects, measurements,documents and field crews (For more information, see "Free Database Objects andMeasurements" on page 28, "Measurements" on page 57, "Document Archive page 99and "Field Crew Management" on page 91).

The arrows in the bottom of the data form are used to change the record. The leftarrow moves to the first record, the next one to previous record. The right arrowmoves to the last record and the previous button to the next record.

The user can define the layout of the free data forms. The functions are selected usingthe buttons of the data form or the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mousebutton. The buttons can be hidden to save space. Then the functions are selected onlywith shortcut menu.

The Print function prints the contents of the appropriate window to the default printer.The Help function opens the help program, which shows the help window of theappropriate dialog box. The Close function closes the appropriate window. Thelocation and layout of the free data form is saved for each component or object typeduring closing of the data form.



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Figure 12. An example of free data form for MV/LV transformer and the shortcut menu of the freedata form

The free data form contains following buttons in OperaWS:

Update This function saves the updated information. The function is availablein OperaWS only in the case of the free data forms for manually updateable loadpoints and field crews (For more information, see "Measurements" on page 57 and"Field Crew Management" on page

Find This function opens the Find in Field dialog (Figure 13) for searchingthe desired component. The search is focused on the active field. The function isdisabled if the list or button is active.

Figure 13. Find in Field dialog box

The search is focused on the field, which is active during starting of the function. TheSearch box defines the direction of the search. The Match box defines the matchingcriteria of the search characters. Find First and Find Next start the search.

Locate This function locates the appropriate component or object and shows itwith the defined location symbol in the network window.

Locate All This function locates all the components or objects of the appropriatecomponent or object type and shows them with the defined location symbol in thenetwork window. The symbols can be removed after closing the data form with theView => Database Queries => Clear Results in Network Window command.


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Documents The documents attached to the node can be found with this function.The button is unavailable if no documents are attached.

Table This function opens a table containing all components or objects of theappropriate component or object type (Figure 14). The table enables browsing ofcomponents or objects so that many components are visible at the same time. Theactive record is also shown in the free data form. The size of the table and the width ofthe columns can be changed by the mouse. The size and location of the table and thewidths of the columns are saved during closing of the table.

Figure 14. An example of the table form for MV/LV transformer

The component or object can be found by the Find in Field command of the shortcutmenu. The last found record remains active after closing the dialog box. The locationof the found component or object is made with the Locate function.

Sort This function sorts the data according to the active field. The sort orderaffects the browsing and presentation of the table. The function is disabled if the list orbutton is active.

Settings This function defines the fields to be shown, the sort order of them, thenumber of columns, width of fields and usage of buttons (Figure 15). The free dataform is refreshed according to the settings after closing the dialog box.



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Figure 15. Settings dialog box of the free data forms

7.3.4.3 Important Transformers

The View => Show => Important Transformers command defines the visibility ofimportant MV/LV stations (Figure 16). The MV/LV stations with the selectedimportance rate are shown with defined symbol in the network window. The importantMV/LV stations are not shown if the importance rate boxes are defined as VOID. Theimportance rate of the MV/LV stations and the symbols for important MV/LV stationsare defined in OperaNE (For more information about definition of importanttransformers, see the Administrator Manual).

Figure 16. Important MV/LV Stations dialog box

7.3.4.4 Free Database Objects and Measurements

The View => Show => Object Types command opens a dialog box (Figure 17) fordefining the visibility of the free database object types and measurements in thenetwork window (For more information about measurements, see "Measurements" onpage 57). The free database objects and measurement points are created and thesymbols and/or labels used to show them are defined in OperaNE (For moreinformation about measurement definition, see the Administrator Manual). Free


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database object types can also be represented with symbols in auxiliary networkwindow.

Figure 17. Object Types Showed dialog box

7.4 Symbol Legend and Line Colors Used

Clicking the Window => Symbol Legend function opens a window showing thesymbols visible in the main network window (Figure 18). The symbols are defined inOperaNE (For more information about symbol definition, see the AdministratorManual).

Figure 18. The Symbol Legend window

Clicking the Window => Line Color Legend command opens a window showing theline colors used in the network windows (Figure 19). The line colors are defined inOperaNE (For more information about definition of line colors, see the AdministratorManual).



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Figure 19. The Line Color Legend window

The size and location of the windows can be changed. The state of the windows(visibility, size and location) is saved during quitting of the program.

7.5 Notes

Notes are short texts, which can be attached to some place in the network window.Clicking the View => Notes => Show command shows all the notes in the networkwindow. Clicking the note with the left mouse button opens the note (Figure 20). Minminimizes the note again. Location allows the transfer of the note. Del deletes thenote. Canceling the selection of the View => Notes => Show command hides thenotes. The View => Notes => New command opens a New Note dialog box for thewriting and placing of new notes.

Figure 20. An example of Note dialog box

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8 Settings of Workstations

8.1 General

Settings must be updated in the State Monitoring Mode of OperaWS. The primarysettings of OperaWS are workstation specific, only a few are system specific (i.e.affecting to all workstations). The confirming of system specific settings is askedbefore the changes. If the settings are changed during the Simulation Mode, they arejust temporarily updated on that workstation. The default or recommended values forthe settings are presented together with a description of each setting in the followingsections.

8.2 Network View Settings

8.2.1 General

Some network view settings (size class limits for component symbols, switching stateby primary feeders, indication of loops, network color settings) are system specificand can be changed by OperaNE (For more information about system specificsettings, see the Administrator Manual).

The outlook of background maps is defined via the Settings => Maps => Outlookcommand in OperaNE or OperaWS (For more information about outlook of thebackground maps, see "The Outlook of Background Maps" on page 42).

8.2.2 Language of the User Interface

The language of the user interface and online help used in each workstation is runtimealterable. The language is selected from the submenu of the Settings => Languagesmenu. The language selected during the runtime is saved for each workstation andOpera application to be a new default language at the next start up.

For more information about localization of the Open++ Opera is in the AdministratorManual.

8.2.3 Fonts of the User Interface

The text fonts of the user interface in each workstation can be defined runtime. Ifnothing else has been defined, the default fonts are being used. The default fonts aredefined by OperaNE (For more information about default fonts, see the AdministratorManual). The fonts is defined by selecting the Settings => Fonts command.

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Figure 21. Fonts dialog

The Fonts dialog (Figure 21) contains four tabs. The scrolling arrows are used toscroll the tabs if needed. The Base and Base Fixed tabs are used to define the fontsused mainly in listings. The Network window tab is used to define the texts used innetwork windows. The Dialog tab deals with the dialog texts. The Define Font buttonin each tabs opens the standard font selection dialog. Select the font and the size andclick OK. The selected font will be set immediately in the current session. Thechanges are saved permanently after clicking OK in main Fonts dialog. ClickingCancel will restore the previous fonts.

The Get Defaults button is used to reload the default fonts (For more informationabout default fonts, see the Administrator Manual).

Some fonts of the user interface will not change using Settings => Fonts. Amongthese are fonts used in menus, window title bars, tool tips etc. These can be set byselecting Control Panel, Display and Appearance tab there. The Item drop down listcontains the items to be set and the Font and Size drop down lists the selected fontand size.

8.2.4 Local Settings

The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click theLocal tab to open the dialog (Figure 22) for defining the general settings. Thescrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed.


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Figure 22. Local tab of the General Settings dialog

The Local tab contains the following items:

MV Codes visible when zoom <(km) box defines the zoom limit at which the stationand switch codes or names are shown in the main network window (if defined to beshown with commands under the View => Show). The value is the width of the areashown in the window. The default value is 10. The setting is workstation specific andcan also be set in OperaNE via Settings => Network View command. LV Node ID'svisible when zoom <(km) box is disabled in OperaWS.

The Show node information dialog check box defines if the node information isshown with the separate dialog box after selection of a node in OperaWS. The settingis workstation specific and the default value is on.

The Check Switching Actions check box defines if the checking of loopedconnections or connections to earthed network are made. If the check box is selected,the alarm of such a connection is given after selection of the switch (For more



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information about checking switching actions, see "Network Topology Monitoring"on page 46).

8.2.5 Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes

The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click theLocal tab to open the dialog (Figure 22) for defining the automatic function associatedwith state changes. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed.

It is possible to set with Topology analysis and Radial load flow check boxes, thattopology analysis and load flow calculations are always run in the State MonitoringMode, after the state of a switch is changed. The Minimum interval between screenupdates (s) box defines the time interval for screen updates. If topology analysis isunavailable, then the load flow calculation is automatically unavailable. Similarly, ifthe load flow calculation is turned on, then topology analysis is automatically enabled.If topology analysis is unavailable, then the text "no autom. updating" is shown in thesecond pane of the status bar at the bottom of the screen. When in this mode, thescreen can be updated by using the Analyze => Topology command and the load flowcalculation can be updated by using the Analyze => Network & Protectioncommand. The disabling of automatic updating may be useful, for example, during astorm, when there can be large number of simultaneous events.

However, when automatic updating is unavailable, the switching state and load flowcalculation results are updated on the screen once an hour. Whatever the settings forthese automatic functions, OperaWS observes the changes in switch states and savesthat information. These settings just define how the screen is updated.

Fault location check box defines if a network window automatically zooms, in case anew fault appears.

Selection of the Meshed network analysis check box defines the meshed networkload flow and maximum short circuit current calculations to be automatically executedafter state changes if the workstation is in State Monitoring Mode. This calculation isperformed after calculation of the radial feeders if the time interval defined inMinimum interval between meshed network load flows (s) box has elapsed fromlast calculation.

All these settings are workstation specific in OperaWS. It is recommended that all ofthese four functions be selected.

8.2.6 Code Text Color Settings

The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click theNetwork Color Settings tab to open the dialog, which is used to set the colors ofMV/LV station and switch codes and names in the network windows (Figure 23). Thescrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. After clicking the button thestandard color definition dialog box opens.


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Figure 23. The Network Color Settings tab of the General Settings dialog

The settings are system specific and can also be found in OperaNE via Settings =>Network Colors command. MV/LV station codes color is also used for descriptiontexts in the Symbol Legend window.

The size and color of TrueType symbol codes and names can be set during symboldefinition in OperaNE. These color definitions override general settings. Also, othercolor settings of the system (background color of the network windows, backgroundcolors of network and substation diagrams, colors of network lines and maps) aremade by the administrator in OperaNE (For more information about system specificsettings, see the Administrator Manual ). Network coloring limits and the brightnessand contrast of the color bitmaps can be set in OperaWS (For more information aboutnetwork coloring limits and settings of color bitmaps, see "Network Coloring Limits"on page 35 and "The Outlook of Background Maps" on page 42).

8.2.7 Network Coloring Limits

The Settings => MV Network Color Limits command opens the MV NetworkColor Limits dialog box, which is used to adjust the limits for showing network



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calculation results. An example of a dialog box for adjusting the limits for showingvoltage drops is shown (Figure 24). Other limits are load levels, short-circuitdetection, short-circuit capacity, and earth fault detection. The scrolling arrows areused to scroll the tabs if needed.

Figure 24. MV Network Color Limits dialog

8.3 Network Analysis Settings

The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click theNetwork Analysis tab to open the dialog (Figure 25) for defining the network analysissettings. The tab is unavailable if the Open++ Opera network analysis license is notincluded. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. All analysissettings are system specific.


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Figure 25. Network Analysis Settings dialog box

Default busbar voltage (kV) defines the busbar voltage value, which is used innetwork calculations, if the voltage value is not obtained from the MicroSCADAsystem (For more information about MicroSCADA measurements, see"Measurements" on page 57). The default value is 20,5 kV.

Under Load analysis are the following settings:

Constant factor for loads defines the factor, by which all loads in the networkdatabase are multiplied in network calculations. This setting can be used especially forsimulation purposes (For more information about simulation settings, see "Changingof Network Analysis Settings" on page 61). The default value is 1.

If the Powers As Constant Power check box is selected, the real power loads enteredfor load points are used as such. In this case, Velander’s factors are used only toconvert possible given energy values to peak power values. If all loads are given asreal power, the loads of line sections are simply the sum of the load points (plus



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losses). In this case Velander’s factors are not used. The default value of the checkbox is not selected.

The values under Energy to Power Conversion are used if Powers as constantpower check box is not selected (the default value). Then Velanders factor 1 andVelanders factor 2 are used together with annual energies. The fact that the given realpowers of the load points are not likely to occur at the same time and that there issome deviation in the loads is also taken into account. This way, the sum load (forexample of a feeder) is not as much as the direct sum of the load point real powervalues. Velander's factors are used in an empirical formula (For more informationabout load calculation formulas, see the System Description. The correct values forVelander’s factors depend on the type of customers, i.e. the type of energyconsumption. The default values are 0,28 for Velander’s factor 1 and 0,08 forVelander’s factor 2.

Earth fault resistance (ohm) defines the earth fault resistance used in protectionanalyze. The default value is 500 ohm.

The Conductor temperature in load current calculation defines the operationtemperature for line resistance calculation during load current calculation.

The Conductor temperature in fault current calculation defines the operationtemperature for calculation of the conductor resistance (value T2, see the SystemDescription, the T1 value is defined in the MV conductor data form of OperaNE, seethe Administrator Manual) during the network analysis. The value must be between 0… + 400oC.

Under Selectivity Analysis are the following settings:

The Operating delay for relays (s) defines the accepted time marginal between thetripping times of two serial protection relays. Default value is 0.30.

The Operating delay for fuses defines the accepted time marginal between themelting times of the fuses or the melting time of the fuse and relay tripping time inselectivity analysis. The melting times of the fuses are based on the melting timediagram. The melting times are average values, because the dispersion of meltingtimes is observed. Fuses are selective if their melting times are different in certainfault current. For the fuses of the same manufacturer, 20% of the bigger melting timeis considered as adequate time marginal. In any other case corresponding value shouldbe bigger, about 30%. Value is given as factor of the melting time of fuse. Defaultvalue is 0.30.

The Relay lockings enables check box defines the prevention of tripping to be takeninto account during the selectivity analysis.

The Delayed reclosing time is used in relay-fuse protected lines check box definesthe delayed reclosing time to be used in the selectivity analysis. The relay of circuitbreaker and fuses in relay-fuse protected lines are usually selective if transient faultsare cleared by high speed initial tripping of the relay. The fuse, or fuses, operatesduring delayed tripping period to isolate persistent faults and minimize the section ofnetwork without supplies.


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For more information about using of the network analysis settings in the calculations,see the System Description.

These settings are system specific settings but they can be changed temporarily foreach OperaWS workstation during the Simulation Mode, for example the constantfactor for the load can be used to make a worst case analysis with larger loads (Formore information about simulation, see "Changing of Network Analysis Settings" onpage 61).

8.3.1 Meshed Network Analysis Settings

The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click theMeshed Network Analysis tab to open the dialog (Figure 26) for defining the meshednetwork analysis settings. The tab is unavailable if the Open++ Opera networkanalysis license is not included. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs ifneeded. All analysis settings are system specific.

Figure 26. Meshed Network Analysis dialog box



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Base Voltage (kV) is nominal voltage for meshed network analysis. It mustcorrespond to one of the voltage levels (usually the highest medium voltage level) inthe network. In addition, the selected base voltage must correspond to set DefaultBusbar Voltage (kV) (For more information, see "Network Analysis Settings" onpage 36). In general, the default busbar voltage may be somewhat higher than basevoltage.

Base Power (MVA) is used in load flow algorithms. May be changed if there isproblems for the algorithm to converge to a solution.

Reduction of radial branches is used to make the load flow effective in large MV-networks. It is recommended to have this set.

8.4 Fault Location Parameters

The Settings => Fault Location command opens the Fault Location Parametersdialog box, which enables the changing of the fault location parameters (Figure 27).The command is unavailable if the Open++ Opera fault location license is notincluded. The dialog box can also be opened via Parameters in the FaultManagement dialog box.


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Figure 27. The Fault Location Parameters dialog box

Certainty factors are used during inferencing to define the stress on individualinference rules (For more information about inferencing rules, see the SystemDescription). The value of the stress can be set within the range 0-1. A high valueincreases the importance of the rule. A value of 0 (zero) means that the rule is not usedin the inferencing at all. Certainty factors are defined for:

• Calculated fault distance data in the Fault Distance box (0.85 recommendedvalue).

• Fault detector operation data in the Fault Detector box (0.6 recommended value).



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• Existence of overhead line in the Overhead Line box (0.15 recommended value).

• Overloading of cable in the Overloading of Cable box together with theoverloading limit in the Limit box (0.3 and 0.8 recommended values).

• Overloading of transformer in the Overloading of Transformer together with theoverloading limit in the Limit box (0.3 and 0.8 recommended values).

The automatic fault zone location for the isolation and restoration planning are definedunder the Faulted zone location frame. The defining of the faulted zone for theisolation and restoration is made automatically if the probability of the fault in someremote -controlled zone is bigger than the limit of the faulted zone in the Lower limitbox and the probability of the fault in other zones is smaller than the limit of the otherzones in the Upper limit box (For more information about isolation and restorationplanning, see "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66).

Load current compensation (i.e. superposed load current in the measured faultcurrent) can be done in two ways. In the Pure load current mode the load current justbefore the fault measured by the same measuring unit, which measured the faultcurrent, is subtracted as such from the measured fault current. The Voltage dependentmode takes into account the voltage drop during the fault (For more information aboutcalculation formulas, see the System Description). The last one is the default. If thevoltage during the fault is less than the voltage limit in the Voltage limit box, the loadin question is assumed to be zero (default value 0.6). The user can change the valuesof the Pu (1-2) box and the Qu(2-6) box, which describe the dependence of real powerP and reactive power Q on voltage U. It is recommended that default values 1.5 and 4be used.

The Fault resistance in earth fault (ohm) defines the earth fault resistance used inearth fault current based location.

The OK command stores the changed fault parameters so that the new values are alsoused in other instances of OperaWS. The confirmation for the changes is needed.

The Simulate command changes the parameters only in the memory of the OperaWSin question and runs the fault location function again with the new parameter values.The button is available only when the dialog box is opened via the FaultManagement dialog box.

8.5 The Outlook of Background Maps

The outlook and storage location of the background maps is defined in OperaNE orOperaWS. The settings are workstation specific. However, color definitions for thebackground maps via Colors are system specific and can only be changed in OperaNE(For more information about system specific settings, see the Administrator Manual).

The Settings => Maps => Outlook command opens the Settings of BackgroundMaps dialog box, through which the outlook of background maps can be set (Figure28).


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Figure 28. A Settings of Background Maps dialog box

The dialog box settings are described below:

Under the General frame are the following boxes:

The Background map check box defines whether the background maps are shown ornot on the screen behind the network. If maps are not used the monochromebackground is used (For more information about background color settings, see theAdministrator Manual).

The Cache check box defines whether a cache memory for background maps is usedor not. Caching speeds up map updating, but consumes memory. Each Open++ Operaprogram reserves its own cache (i.e. OperaWS and OperaNE running on the samecomputer do not use a common cache). The Size (Mb) box defines the possible cachememory size. The default maximum size for the cache is 75% of the free physicalmemory, when OperaWS or OperaNE were started for the first time. The value of thememory size can be set through the dialog box.

The Range by maps check box defines if the boundaries of the whole networkwindow view are defined by the adjusted map material or by the network window.The selection changes the view of both network windows right away. The Time out[s] box defines the number of seconds, which can be used for drawing the backgroundmaps. If all maps are not drawn during the time limit, the system cancels the mapillustration and continues by drawing the network.



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Under the Map materials frame are the following boxes:

The Automatic zooming check box defines if the map material, which is shown, isautomatically changed based on the zoom limits of the different materials and presentzooming area. If automatic zooming is not selected, only one map material can beselected at a time.

The Materials check boxes are used to define what map material is displayed andwhat the zoom limit is for the corresponding material.

Under the Color bitmaps frame are the following boxes:

The Brightness box defines the brightness of the color bitmaps.

The Contrast box defines the contrast of the color bitmaps.

Under the Draw upon maps frame are the following boxes:

The Materials check boxes define what displayable materials can be drawn upon andwhat the zoom limit is for the corresponding material. Only maps in vector format canbe drawn upon.

Colors is used to set the colors of the background maps. Only the administrator canchange the color definitions, therefore Colors is only available in OperaNE (For moreinformation about background map color definitions, see the Administrator Manual).

8.6 The Storage Location of Background Maps

The Settings => Maps => Location command opens the Copy Maps to Local HardDisk dialog box (Figure 29), through which the option of storing all or part of the mapmaterial on the hard disk of the local workstation can be set.


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Figure 29. The Copy Maps to Local Hard Disk dialog box

All background maps are always located on the fileserver’s hard disk. They can alsobe partly located on a local hard disk. The storage location is the MAP directory underthe working directory. If the maps are stored on the local workstation, the drawing ofthe maps on the screen is faster, because a lot of data does not need to be read throughthe computer network. However, local storage increases the need for available harddisk space.

The Materials check boxes are used to select which map material is to be transferred.When Give Area is clicked, the user is asked for the area to be transferred. This ischosen from the network window with the left mouse button. Transfer is used totransfer the background maps of a chosen area from the server's hard disk to the localhard disk. Remove along with Give Area is used to remove the indicated maps fromthe local computer’s hard disk.

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9 Topology management

9.1 Topology management

Topology management in OperaWS is based on the integration of Open++ Opera andMicroSCADA (For more information about integration, see the Administrator Manualand the MicroSCADA Integration Manual). OperaWS contains information on theswitching state of the distribution network, i.e. information on the state of all remoteand manually operated switches (including fuses), and line sections. Also, themanually updateable measurement data of the border switches can be used in topologymanagement (For more information about definition of the measurements, see"Measurements" on page 57).

The states of switches, which are connected to MicroSCADA, are updated usingMicroSCADA station and control pictures. Updating can be done by openingMicroSCADA pictures in OperaWS by selecting the switch with the mouse. Switchescan be remote operated real process objects or manually operated virtual processobjects. If a connection between Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA does not exist for aswitch, a dialog box of OperaWS opens for updating the state of the switch. The statusof line sections is always updated in OperaWS. Close, open, and earthed are thepossible states.

9.2 Network Topology Monitoring

The topology of the network is defined by the state of the switches. Every change inthe state of the switches causes an update of the network topology (if not disabled inthe general settings, for more information about general settings, see "AutomaticFunctions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The new network topology isimmediately shown in the user interface. After a failure in the MicroSCADA systemor in data transfer between OperaWS and MicroSCADA, the real time switch status isread from MicroSCADA and the network topology is updated accordingly.

The real time topology can be seen by using the View => Coloring => Topology byFeeders and View => Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers commands.In the first command adjacent feeders are displayed with different colors and in thesecond command all lines fed from the same transformer have a common color. Thefeeder topology color settings are used in the network diagrams, internal stationdiagrams, and in the root points of the MicroSCADA station and control pictures. Thedefinition of symbols and line colors is made by OperaNE (For more informationabout definitions, see the Administrator Manual).

If the checking of switching actions in settings is on (For more information aboutgeneral settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page34), the checking of the connection of the supplied network to loop, or to an earthednetwork, is made after selecting an open switch in OperaWS. If the closing of theselected switch causes loop connection or engaging to the earthed network, an alarm isgiven before opening the MicroSCADA station or control picture or the internal dialogbox. When the switch is selected from the MicroSCADA station or control picture, thechecking is not performed before the switching action. In this case, the alarm is givenjust after topology monitoring.

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Important The alarm is given only when the switch is selected from the userinterface of OperaWS.

If looped connections or unsupplied lines are found, they are immediately shown tothe operator with an alarm and with special colors in the network window. TheWindow => Alarms command opens a window containing the last alarms ofOperaWS. Unsupplied MV/LV stations are drawn as white symbols when the View=> Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations command is used. The function focuseson the active switching state. An uncertain state means that the switching state isuncertain and it is not known if the line is energized. Uncertainty is colored with itsown color. The color for earthed lines is used if the network is connected to earth, forexample by a temporary earthing or earthing switch. The state of a switch is shownwith the defined symbols of the network.

The View => Unsupplied Customers command and the Unsupplied Customersbutton in Customer Search dialog opened by the View => Customer Informationcommand can be used to browse the unsupplied customer data or to locate thecustomer (For more information about customer service, see "Customer Service" onpage 93).

Also, the manually updateable measurement data of the border switches can be used intopology management (For more information about definition of the measurements,see "Measurements" on page 57). If the state of this switch is 'open', the switch ishandled normally in topology monitoring. If the state is 'closed' and the value of themeasurement is negative (<0), the switch node supplies the electricity to the network.The branch becomes energized or loop connection is formed, if the electricity supplyto the switch is also coming from another direction. The discovery of the loopconnection is presented with the color in the network window. If the supply is comingonly from the switch, the network supplied by this switch is colored with its own colorin the network window.

9.2.1 Trace Functions

Monitoring and topology management are made easier by using a functions calleddownstream trace and upstream trace. The trace functions can be used, for example tocheck the influence of opening a switch. A downstream trace means the line sectionsfed via the selected line section. An upstream trace means the line sections feeding theselected line section.

The trace functions are started with the Trace downstream and Trace upstreamcommands of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the line section with the rightmouse button in the main network window. The trace is then colored with the warningcolor.

Trace functions can also be started in the network diagram window. In thedownstream trace function, after clicking a line section in network diagram with theright mouse button, OperaWS colors the trace in both the network diagram windowand the main network window (Figure 30). In the upstream trace function, the rightmouse button is clicked when holding the shift key down.



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Figure 30. An example of a trace function

The downstream trace function can also be used to find the desired switch. TheChoose switching device dialog, which opens after selecting of the switch by the leftmouse button unambiguously contains the Trace button for showing the downstreamtrace of the selected switch in the main network window.

9.3 Management of Switching State

OperaWS has to be in a State Monitoring Mode when updating the real time state ofthe switches. In Simulation Mode, the changes are saved temporarily for the use of theworkstation, but not in the real time Opera database.

The switching state of all switches connected to MicroSCADA (real process objectsand virtual process objects) is updated using MicroSCADA station and controlpictures. The checking of the connection to loop, or to an earthed network, is madeafter selecting the switch in OperaWS (For more information about checking ofswitching actions, see "Network Topology Monitoring" on page 46). If a connectionbetween Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA does not exist for a switch, a dialog box ofOperaWS is opened for updating the state of that switch. The state of line sections isalways updated in OperaWS.


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The submenu of the View => Show => Switch Labels commands can be used to findthe switch on the network. These functions show the names or codes of the switches inthe network window. The View => Show => Remote Disconnectors and View =>Show => Transformer Switches commands show all remote operated disconnectorsand transformer switches as white symbols in the network window. The View =>Find => ML/LV Station and View => Find => Switch commands can be used toshow the MV/LV station or disconnector in the network window. These commandsopen the list of all MV/LV stations and switches and, after selection of the object,shows the code and name of the selected object in the network window. The View =>Find => Clear command enables the removal of the objects shown by the View =>Find => ML/LV Station and View => Find => Switch commands.

Every change in the state of the switches causes an update of the network topology onthe screen (if not disabled in the general settings, for more information about generalsettings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). Thetopology is shown as set on the View => Coloring menu.

The View => Show => Abnormal Switching States commands shows the switches,which state differ from the defined normal switching state, by the defined symbol (Formore information about symbol definition, see the Administrator Manual). Thesymbols can be used to find the switches to be restored to their normal state. The File=> Save as Normal State command is used to update the existing switching state tothe user-defined normal switching state file.

The downstream trace and upstream trace functions are useful for finding the desiredswitch and showing the effect of opening a switch (For more information about thetrace functions, see "Trace Functions" on page 47).

9.3.1 Switching Devices Connected to MicroSCADA

The state of the switches connected to the MicroSCADA process is updated usingMicroSCADA station and control pictures. This operation can be done using picturesvia OperaWS. Only in the case of a failure in the MicroSCADA system, or in datatransfer between OperaWS and MicroSCADA, is the switching state of such switchesupdated using dialog boxes of OperaWS. In that case OperaWS proposes the changeto the Simulation Mode. The MicroSCADA station and control pictures are notuseable then. When data transfer capabilities return, the real time switch status is readfrom MicroSCADA and the network topology is updated accordingly.

The opening of MicroSCADA station and control pictures in OperaWS is done byselecting the switch or station from the network window or network diagram or by theFile => Change Switch State and View => Station diagram commands. The File =>Scada Pictures command opens a dialog box, which can be used to ask for otherdefined MicroSCADA pictures to be opened (Figure 31). If the computer is connectedto several displays, the user can with the Display number box define a display (fromright to left) which will be used for opening MicroSCADA monitor. When the displaynumber is 0 then the monitor of MicroSCADA opens to the same display asOperaWS.



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Figure 31. Open SCADA Picture dialog box

A change of state in the MicroSCADA system also immediately changes the state ofthe corresponding switch in OperaWS. The topology is updated in the networkwindows (if not disabled in the general settings, for more information about generalsettings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34).

9.3.2 Switching Devices Not Connected to MicroSCADA

The state of the switches, which are not connected to MicroSCADA (i.e. not definedas MicroSCADA real or virtual process objects), has to be updated using the dialogbox of OperaWS by the user. The recommendation is that all switches should beconnected to MicroSCADA (For more information about integration, see theAdministrator Manual and the MicroSCADA Integration Manual). The state of linesections is always updated in OperaWS.

The updating of switches, which are not connected to MicroSCADA, is done inOperaWS as described in the following section:

The Switch State dialog box can be opened by clicking the not MicroSCADAconnected switch in the network window or in the network or station diagram with theleft mouse button (Figure 33). Also the state of the fuse can be changed in OperaWS,if defined so in OperaNE (For more information about definition of fuses, see theAdministrator Manual). The state of the selected switch is shown in a dialog box. TheFile => Change Switch State command opens the switching device list, whichcontains all network switches (Figure 32). The list can be sorted according to thecodes or names of switches. After a not MicroSCADA connected switch is chosen, thesame dialog box is opened.

Figure 32. The Switching Device List dialog box


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Figure 33. The Switch Status dialog box

The File => Change Line State command asks for the line section in the networkwindow or network diagram to be clicked with the left mouse button. The ConductorState dialog box for the chosen line section is opened (Figure 34) and the chosen lineis colored with a warning color. The state of the selected line section is shown in thedialog box. Close, open, and earthed are the possible states.

Figure 34. The Conductors State dialog box

Also the manually updateable measurement data of the border switches can be used intopology management (For more information about measurements, see"Measurements" on page 57). Updating the value of manually updateablemeasurements in OperaWS occurs by selecting the measurement node by the mouse,which opens the Measurement data form. The Value box of the data form is updatedand saved with Save (For more information about updating the data of the free dataforms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25).

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10 Network Analysis

10.1 Network Analysis

Network analysis functions require the Open++ Opera network analysis license.Network analysis functions offer load flow and fault current calculations andprotection analysis of radially operated and meshed networks. The generators aretaken into account during the network analysis. Additionally, the distributedgenerators and capacitors are taken into account in the load flow calculations. Theprotection analysis function can analyze definite time-delay and inverse time typeovercurrent relays. Also the medium voltage fuses are taken into account duringprotection analysis. The solid earthed networks and networks earthed via resistor aresupported in the protection analysis.

Network analysis is used to define the electrical state of the distribution network in areal time or simulated network topology using network calculations, i.e. the load flowand fault current calculations. Load flow is calculated using the given loadinformation. Load data is located in the network database, which is maintained byOperaNE (For more information about load data, see the Administrator Manual).Calculation can also use measurement data of MicroSCADA. OperaNE handlesdefinition of measurements. Manually updateable measurements can be used to modelthe separate load point, load of border switch or backup feeder.

The protection relay settings are used to make the protection analysis. Data source forall relay settings of the database relays can be changed workstation specific betweennetwork model and active relay settings via MicroSCADA. The loaded settings areused for all protection analysis calculations. Operation of the calculations depends onthe user defined settings (For more information about settings, see "Network AnalysisSettings" on page 36). Network analysis methods are described in more detail in theSystem Description.

10.2 Monitoring of the Electrical State of the Network

Upon completion of the start up process, OperaWS is in a State Monitoring Mode (ifthe fault location is not started). The distribution network colored according to theswitching state of the feeders in the main network window and according to thevoltage drops in the auxiliary network window (the default views can be changedduring projecting) is presented. The network and network analysis results shown in thenetwork windows are based on the data of the network database, temporary networkand real time switching state.

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The network topology is automatically updated and network analysis executed afterevery change in switching state (if not disabled in the general settings, for moreinformation about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with StateChanges" on page 34). This analysis is executed for radial feeders. The feedingvoltage (busbar voltage) is got from the measurement or from primary transformersettings. After that the meshed network load flow and maximum short circuit currentcalculation for the whole medium voltage network is automatically performed, if thisis defined by the settings and the time interval from the last calculation has elapsed(For more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associatedwith State Changes" on page 34). In simulation the meshed network analysis is mustbe started from the menu manually. The meshed network load flow is calculated forthe total network even if it consists of several isolated networks. When automaticupdating of radial feeders or meshed networks are not in use, the Analyze =>Network & Protection and Analyze => Meshed Network Load Flow and Analyze=> Meshed Network Short Circuit Currents commands can be used to execute thenetwork analysis.

An isolated island is a part of the network fed by one or several feeding primarytransformers but isolated from other network. The islands can be connected to eachother but isolated by an open switch. The short-circuit calculation for meshed networkin case of selected faulted node is started by Analyze => Meshed Network ShortCircuit Currents command and pointing the location (node) of the short circuit bythe mouse. Then the 3-phase and 2-phase short circuit currents in the correspondingisolated island are calculated. In other islands the short circuit currents are zero. Thisgives the opportunity to check the fault currents flowing through e.g. the relayedfeeding the loop where the fault is. At the same time the maximum 3-phase and 2-phase short circuit currents for each line section in the island are calculated for the useof the fault location and protection analysis functions. In the case of automatic meshednetwork analysis after switch status change the maximum shirt circuit currents arecalculated for all the isolated islands (For more information about general settings, see"Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34).

Manually updateable measurements can be used to model the separate load point orloading of the border switch (For more information about measurements, see"Measurements" on page 57). The current measurements of MicroSCADA are used toadjust the load forecast more accurately (For more information about load estimation,see "Load Estimation" on page 61). The primary substation voltage measurement isused as a supplying voltage for feeders in load flow calculations. OperaNE managesthe definition of measurements.

The relay settings of SPACOM and RED 500 typed relays (saved to the database) fornetwork analysis of OperaWS can also be obtained via MicroSCADA by the menucommand File => Relay Data Source => Relay both in the State Monitoring Modeand in the Simulation Mode. The File => Relay Data Source => Network Modelobtains the relay settings from the network model.

Protection relay settings can be studied and changed for simulation purposes in theSimulation Mode of OperaWS by selecting the root point of a feeder in the stationdiagram or node in network window and then clicking Relay. The administrator canchange the relay settings in OperaNE.



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The network analysis results are presented in both network window and an auxiliarynetwork window using colors as set in the View => Coloring menu. In networkcoloring the short circuit capacity and detection ability for looped network parts ismade by the undefined color. In addition, no protection coordination check can bedone for looped network parts. The ways to present the results on the screen isdescribed in "Information in the Network Windows" on page 17. The networkcoloring limits with other network analysis settings are described in "NetworkAnalysis Settings" on page 36. The administrator makes the definition of networklines (For more information about definition of the network lines, see theAdministrator Manual).

Clicking an object in a network window or network diagram with the left mousebutton shows a numerical presentation of the network analysis of the node in aseparate dialog box (Figure 35). Also clicking the Node Information command of theshortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line sectionin the main network window has the same effect.

Figure 35. A Node Information dialog box

The Window => Alarms command opens the window containing the last alarms ofOperaWS (for example the exceeding of limit settings in network analysis).

10.2.1 Protection Relay

Selecting on an object in a network window or network diagram with the left mousebutton shows a separate node information dialog box. Also clicking the NodeInformation command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mousebutton over the node or line section in the main network window opens the samedialog. Relay opens the data form for the relays of the corresponding feeder (Figure36).


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Figure 36. Relay Settings dialog box

In the State Monitoring Mode only the browsing of relay settings data is possible. Alsothe way of the relay settings loading is shown. Data source for all relays in StateMonitoring Mode can be changed between network model and relay active settings viaMicroSCADA with menu command File => Relay Data Source => Network Modeland File => Relay Data Source => Relay. The loaded settings are used for allprotection analysis calculations. In Simulation Mode the change of relay settings isalso possible (For more information about simulation of relay settings, see "Changing



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of Relay Settings" on page 60). These changes are made to the binary network file andwhen returning to the State Monitoring Mode, the user is asked if those changes are tobe used permanently. The administrator can change relay settings permanently inOperaNE.

10.2.2 Load Curve

OperaSA maintains the load forecasts for MV/LV stations as a background process.Clicking Load Curve in the node information dialog box shows the forecastgraphically. The forecasts are also used during simulation of the network state withforecasted loads. The forecasted loads are corrected using the measurements ofMicroSCADA (For more information about using measurements in load estimation,see "Load Estimation" on page 61).

The Load Curve dialog box (Figure 37) contains the forecasted load of theappropriate line section or in the case of an MV/LV station the forecasted load of theend node for the next week. The green line describes the original real power loadaccording to MV/LV station load data and the red line describes the forecasted loadgenerated in the load estimation. The window also contains the forecasted maximumand minimum powers and times of them from the present time. The load forecast ofMV/LV stations is updated automatically in the database once in the hour as abackground process. This forecast is shown in the window. In the case of the linesection, the forecast calculation is started to illustrate the forecast in the window.

The load curve information for a selected line section can be used to find theconvenient time period, for example, for the maintenance outage. Clicking the leftmouse button on the load curve shows the time from the present time, and forecastedload of that time. A more detailed description of the load forecasting methods is givenin the System Description.


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Figure 37. En example of the load curve for MV/LV station

10.2.3 Measurements

After definition of the connection between MicroSCADA measurements and theOpen++ Opera network database the measurements can be seen in the networkwindow of OperaWS. The visibility of the measurements is set by View => Show =>Object Types command. The measurements are shown with the defined symbols andcodes. The definition of measurements and symbols is made in OperaNE (For moreinformation about definitions, see the Administrator Manual). If the measurement datais connected to the nodes of the network in Open++ Opera, the measurement dataserves as an input data for the network calculations of OperaWS.

Selecting the measurement in a network window or network diagram with the leftmouse button shows a free data form (Figure 38) of the measurement (For moreinformation about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25).



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Figure 38. An example of free data form for the measurement

If the measurement is connected to the network node, the measurement data ofMicroSCADA can be used in the network analysis of OperaWS:

The current measurement connected to a node of the feeder or to the node limiting theMV/LV station and the feeder (node type feeder) is used during load estimation tomake the load data of the feeder and MV/LV stations more accurate (For moreinformation about using the load estimation, see "Load Estimation" on page 61). If itis to be used in estimation, the current measurements cannot be connected to a nodebelonging to a feeding HV/MV substation.

The primary substation voltage measurement is used as a supplying voltage for feedersin load flow calculations. The voltage measurement is always used instead of primarytransformer nominal voltage of setting of default busbar voltage always when it isavailable (For more information about default settings, see "Network AnalysisSettings" on page 36). If it is to be used in calculation, the voltage measurement mustbe connected to a node belonging to a HV/MV substation. A voltage measurementconnected to a feeder node cannot be used in the calculation.

Manually updateable, separate load points connected to any node of the mediumvoltage network can be used in network calculations. The separate load points aretaken into account during network calculation by adding the active power of themeasurement to the active power of the node.

Manually updateable, separate load points connected to a disconnector, which is theending point of a branch can be used to model additional loads or a supply from aneighboring network that is not included in network database. The switch andmeasurement node is handled as a border switch in network calculations. If the state ofthis switch is 'open', the switch is handled normally in calculations. If the state is'closed' and the value of the measurement is negative (<0), the switch node suppliesthe electricity to the network. The branch becomes energized or loop connection isformed, if the electricity supply to the switch is also coming from another direction.The discovery of the loop connection is presented with the color in the networkwindow. If the supply is coming only from the switch, the network supplied with thisswitch is colored with its own color in the network window. This network is not


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calculated during load flow calculation. If the positive active power measurement isinserted to the switch, the amount of the active power is added to the power of thenode, as in the case of separate load points.

Updating the value of manually updateable measurements in OperaWS occurs byselecting the measurement node by the mouse, which opens the Measurement dataform. The Value box of the data form is updated and saved with Save (For moreinformation about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25).

10.3 Simulation of Network State

After changing to Simulation Mode, network analysis can be executed using:

• A simulated switching state.

• A simulated relay settings data.

• A simulated network analysis settings.

• Load forecasts (For more information about load estimation, see "LoadEstimation" on page 61)

The monitoring of the electrical state for simulated states occurs in the same way as inthe State Monitoring Mode (For more information, see "Monitoring of the ElectricalState of the Network" on page 52).

The change of mode between Simulation Mode and State Monitoring Mode is madeby using the Analyze => Simulation / Back to State Monitoring commands.

Any modification made in the Simulation Mode is not saved to the real time database,it is just a temporarily setting for the use of the workstation.

10.3.1 Changing of Switching State

After changing to Simulation Mode, the network can be shown in a simulatedswitching state. The state of the switches in this mode is not saved to the real timedatabase, it is just for the temporarily use of the workstation.

The changing of switching states for simulation purposes is made using the SwitchStatus and Conductor State dialog boxes in OperaWS. The change of state occurs inthe same way as in the State Monitoring Mode with the exception that the station andcontrol pictures of MicroSCADA are not used (For more information about statechanges in State Monitoring Mode, see "Switching Devices Connected toMicroSCADA" on page 49).

The topology is automatically updated after every change in a switch state (if notdisabled in settings, for more information about general settings, see "AutomaticFunctions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The Analyze => Topologycommand can be used to update the network topology and the Analyze => Network& Protection to update the network analysis results after switching state changes ifautomatic updating is not functioning.



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The switching state of the reorganized network can be saved with the File => SaveSwitching State command, which opens a dialog box for giving a filename and thensaves the switching state on the screen into this file. The File => Read SwitchingState command opens the list of saved switching state files and after selecting the file,loads this switching state into the network model of the workstation. If OperaWS isnot in the Simulation Mode, it is changed to this state after a query.

10.3.2 Changing of Relay Settings

Relay settings data is used for protection analysis as a part of the network analysisfunction. The relay settings can be changed in Simulation Mode and the functioning ofthe protection with the new settings can be analyzed.

Relay settings can be changed in Simulation Mode via the Relay Settings dialog box(Figure 39), which is opened by clicking the circuit breaker in a separate stationdiagram windows with the right mouse button (only internal station diagram windoware used in Simulation Mode). Another way to open the dialog box is to select a nodefrom the network window or the root point of a feeder from the station diagram andclick Relay in the opened node information dialog box. Change the relay settings,click OK, and click the Analyze => Network & Protection command (For moreinformation about relay settings, see the Administrator Manual ). This starts thenetwork analysis using the modified relay settings.

Figure 39. The Relay Settings dialog box

A data source for settings of this relay (saved in the database) can also be selected.Possible data sources are network model and relay primary, secondary or activesettings via MicroSCADA. Data source for all relays in Simulation Mode can bechanged between network model and relay active settings via MicroSCADA withmenu command File => Relay Data Source => Network Model and File => Relay


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Data Source => Relay. The loaded settings are used for all protection analysiscalculations.

10.3.3 Changing of Network Analysis Settings

The settings of network analysis can be changed in the Simulation Mode usingSettings => General c ommand (For more information about settings, see "NetworkAnalysis Settings" on page 36).

The load of the network for the network calculations can be changed. Constant factorfor loads can be used to increase the load for the entire network. The load calculationmethods used in the network analysis during simulation can also be changed. The useof constant powers and Velander's factors, together with annual energy can be alteredand changes to the network state observed.

The effect of a different earth fault resistance can be analyzed in the earth faultcalculation.

10.4 Load Estimation

Load estimation means the correction of the given loads of MV/LV stations so that thetotal calculated loads of the feeders approximates to the current measurement of thefeeder. The electrical state of the network can then be calculated as accurately aspossible. Absent load estimation means that the forecasted loads are formed directlyfrom the given MV/LV station load data.

OperaSA starts the calculation of the MV/LV station load forecasting and loadestimation automatically once an hour. The calculation uses the newest MicroSCADAmeasurement data. After updating of the load forecast database it is loaded for use byOperaWS workstations.

The Analyze => Forecast command opens the Forecast Parameters dialog box(Figure 40). OperaWS moves automatically to the Simulation Mode. Ending of theload forecast returns OperaWS to the State Monitoring Mode.



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Figure 40. Forecast Parameters dialog box

The Forecast Parameters dialog box contains the following settings:

The date and time from which the load forecast calculation is started. Alternatives are:

• From present, when the starting hour is given in the Hours (0… 168) box.

• Weekday and hour, when the starting day and hour are given in the Day of theweek and Hour (0… 23) boxes. The day can be selected using the drop -down list.The default is the present day and hour.

• The presentation of load forecasting results is possible in two ways:

• Animation, where the network analysis is performed using load forecast for eachhour and the results are shown automatically after a defined time interval. Lasthour of animation and Delay in animation (1… 10 s) defines the showing of theanalysis results on the screen.

• Manual, which shows the network analysis results one hour at the time. The NextForecast dialog box is used to continue or stop the load forecasting (Figure 41).

Figure 41. Next forecast dialog box

OK starts the network analysis according to the settings given with forecasted loads.The results are shown as defined in the Forecast Parameters dialog box.

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11 Fault Management

11.1 General

The fault management requires the Open++ Opera fault location license. Theprogression of the fault management depends on the use of the automatic faultisolation and restoration function and the type of the fault.

The Fault => Start Automatic Fault Isolation command is visible in definedOperaWS workstation (Figure 42) and changes this workstation to Automatic FaultIsolation and Restoration Mode (For more information about settings for automaticfault isolation, see the Administrator Manual). During this mode all menu functions ofthis workstation are disabled. The mouse can be used only for zooming and panning.The functions of other OperaWS workstation can be used normally. Click the StopAuto Operation Mode button to stop the automatic fault isolation and restorationfunction.

Figure 42. Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode of OperaWS

The fault management starts with the fault location (For more information about faultlocation, see "Fault Location" on page 64). If OperaWS is in the Automatic FaultIsolation and Restoration Mode and the fault is definitely located during the faultlocation function, the isolation and restoration planning is automatically started. If theautomatic function is not in use or the fault cannot be located definitely, the isolationand restoration planning can be manually started after location of the fault (For moreinformation about setting the fault location manually, see "Manual Fault Management"on page 71).

After fault isolation and restoration planning OperaWS can execute the plannedswitching sequence. The execution is automatic or manual depending on the function

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settings (For more information about execution of the fault isolation and restoration,see "Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 67 and "Manual FaultIsolation and Restoration" on page 69). After repairing of the fault the fault data issaved to the fault archive (For more information about archiving, see "Archiving ofthe Fault Data" on page 77).

Several faults can be managed at the same time with the fault management ofOperaWS. The number of simultaneous faults in the memory of OperaWS is limited to50 faults. Automatic fault isolation and restoration operates only with the one fault at atime.

A new fault causes automatic zooming into the area of the faulted feeder. Othersimultaneous faults are not zoomed, but the faults are processed in the background.Also, the first fault is only analyzed as a background process, if the correspondingparameter is changed by the operator (For more information about parameters, see"Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). In this case theFault Management dialog box opens, but the functions are only available just afterthe selection of active fault.

Important The repaired faults must be transferred to the fault archive so that allnew faults are able to be handled with the fault location function without unnecessarydelays (For more information about fault archive, see "Archiving of the Fault Data" onpage 77).

The simulation of the fault location is also possible with OperaWS (For moreinformation about fault simulation, see "Fault Location Simulation" on page 79).

11.2 Fault Location

Fault location function requires the Open++ Opera fault location license. The faultlocation function of OperaWS deals with permanent feeder faults occurring in radiallyoperated neutral isolated or compensated distribution networks. In meshed networksthe fault location works only if the faulted feeder or an opened circuit breaker is in aradial branch.

Fault location works in radial feeders fed by a meshed network in following way:

• 3-phase short circuit fault in radial feeder uses fault current based location.

• 2-phase short circuit fault in radial feeder uses fault current based location.

• 1-phase earth fault in radial feeder uses earth fault location (no fault current basedlocation)

• 2-phase earth fault in radial feeder uses earth fault location (no fault current basedlocation)

Busbar faults (i. e. there isn’t a feeder for an opened circuit breaker) are located at thesame way as radial feeder faults.

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zooming can be disabled in the settings (For more information about settings, see"Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The fault dataneeded for the fault location function of OperaWS is automatically transferred fromMicroSCADA. Only on-site readable fault detector data has to be updated manually inOperaWS (For more information about on-site readable fault detectors, see"Management of On-Site Readable Fault Detector State" on page 76).

The possible fault locations along the feeder in which a fault has occurred aredetermined based on fault distance calculation (for two- or three-phase short-circuitsand one- or two-phase earth short-circuits), fault detector data, line sections type(underground cable/overhead line), and the overloading conditions of the distributiontransformers and cables (For more information about fault location parameters, see"Fault Location Parameters" on page 40 and the System Description. ).

When the fault location function is running, the user interface of OperaWS containstwo network windows (Figure 43). The feeders are shown according to switching state(i.e. the feeder which has been faulted is shown with an unsupplied color) and possiblefaulted line sections are shown with an alarm color in the main network window.Other feeders are shown according to the switching state of the feeders. The bottom-right corner includes the Fault Management dialog box, which is the basic dialog boxfor getting information on faults.

Figure 43. The user interface during the fault location in manual fault isolation and restoration

If OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode, the FaultManagement dialog is disabled and OperaWS Automatic Operation ModeRunning dialog is active (Figure 44). For more information about automatic faultisolation and restoration, see "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66.



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Figure 44. The user interface during the fault management in Automatic Isolation and RestorationMode

If the fault location function of OperaWS can not locate the fault definitely (Fault notlocated text in the dialog), the management of the fault is continued with functions ofthe Fault Management dialog (For more information about fault management, see"Manual Fault Management" on page 71).

If there is a problem with the MicroSCADA connection, the fault location simulationcan also be used for real faults as described in "Fault Location Simulation" on page79.

11.3 Fault Isolation and Restoration

The isolation switching isolates the located fault. The restoration means the switchingactions used to restore the supply as soon as possible to as many customers as possibleduring exact location and repairing of the fault. The automatic fault isolation andrestoration is based on remote controlled switches.

The fault isolation and restoration planning necessitate the definition of a faultlocation (For more information about fault location, see "Fault Location" on page 64).The fault location can be based on the automatic fault location function or the faultedzone can be defined manually. The defining of the faulted zone for the isolation andrestoration planning is made automatically if the probability of the fault in someremote controlled zone is larger than the lower limit of the faulted zone and theprobability of the fault in other zones is smaller than the upper limit of the other zones(For more information about fault location parameters, see "Fault LocationParameters" on page 40).


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11.3.1 Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

New fault appears

Is the Automatic FaultIsolation and Restoration Mode

enabled ?

The workstation is ready tomanage the new fault

The workstation continues tothe fault location function

Is the fault located definetely ?

The workstation continues tofault isolation and restoration

planning

Is the switching sequencecreated successfully ?

The workstation creates thesequence file and

MicroSCADA executes thesequence

Can MicroSCADA execute theswiching sequence successfully

?

The new fault is saved in thebackground

Is there a new unrepaired faultsaved in the background

Automatic Fault Isolation andRestoration Mode is

interrupted

Reset the workstation

Figure 45. The fault management in Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode.



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The actions after the new fault appears in the Automatic Fault Isolation andRestoration Mode are listed in the following (Figure 45):

1. OperaWS receives an announcement of a new fault, waits for the "FaultLocation Start Delay (s)" defined in OperaNE's General Settings (AutoSequence Control tab) and runs the fault location function automatically.

2. If OperaWS can locate the fault definitely, the OperaWS automaticallycontinues to the fault isolation and restoration planning. The result of theisolation and restoration planning is the switching sequence. Only if theOperaWS can not locate the fault definitely, the management of the fault mustbe continued manually with the functions in the Fault Management dialog(For more information about fault management, see "Manual Fault Isolationand Restoration" on page 69).

3. The generated switching sequence is automatically started to execute. Afterstart-up of the automatic sequence OperaWS present the status Automaticsequence running. If the whole switching sequence was successful, OperaWSwaits for "Switching State Update Delay (s)" defined in OperaNE's GeneralSettings (Auto Sequence Control tab) and checks that the current switchingstate is similar to switching sequence plan. Only if no errors occurs during thesequence, and the two switching states are similar OperaWS continuesnormally and may start another restoration sequence if a new fault appears,otherwise the status will be changed to "Automatic fault isolation modeinterrupted". In the latter case OperaWS cannot start another sequence beforemanual resetting by the Reset button in the Automatic Operation ModeRunning dialog. For more information about processing the switchingsequence, see the Administrator Manual.

4. After the successful execution of the switching sequence, the fault must be setrepaired in the Fault Management dialog (For more information about faultmanagement, see "Manual Fault Management" on page 71). If using the sameworkstation, this assumes the stopping of the Automatic Fault Isolation andRestoration Mode. The function can also be done with some other OperaWSworkstation.

During the automatic fault isolation and restoration process the actions are shown inthe Automatic Operation Mode Running dialog (Figure 46). The Automatic FaultIsolation and Restoration Mode can be in five different states: enabled, pre delayed(For more information about delaying, see the Administrator Manual), running, postdelayed and interrupted.

The menu functions are disabled in this automatic operation mode. The mouseselections are disabled, too, except zoom and pan operations from the two networkwindows.


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Figure 46. The user interface during automatic fault isolation

11.3.2 Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration

If the automatic fault isolation and restoration functionality is not switched on, faultisolation and restoration switching actions are done by the operator (Figure 47). Alsoif OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode but theautomatic fault location fails to define the exact faulted zone, the isolation andrestoration planning can be manually started after definition of the faulted zone. Thisassumes the stopping of the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode in theautomatic OperaWS workstation or the function can be done with some otherOperaWS workstation.



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No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

New fault appears

Is the unrepaired fault active ?

The workstation is ready tomanage the new fault

The workstation continues tothe fault location function

Is the fault located definetely ?

Start the fault isolation andrestoration planning

The workstation creates theswitching sequence

Perform the steps of theswitching sequence using

MicroSCADA

Can MicroSCADA execute thesteps of the swiching sequence

successfully ?

Locate the fault manually

The new fault is saved in thebackground

Select another unrepaired faultas active

Is there a new unrepaired faultsaved in the background

Figure 47. The fault isolation and restoration manually

The fault location can be defined manually by clicking Remote contr. disc. zones ofFault Management dialog box. After selection of the zone in the dialog box, theclicking of Set Faulted Zone sets the active zone as a faulted zone for the isolationand restoration planning. The button changes into Undo Setting, which is used toremove the setting of the faulted zone (For more information about setting of thefaulted zone, see "Manual Fault Managemen" on page 71).

If the Faulted Remote Zone check box is selected in the Fault Management dialogbox, the remote operated disconnector zone in which a fault has been located is shownwith a warning color in the network window.

Click the Restoration button in the Fault Management dialog to manually start theisolation and restoration planning of an active fault. The result of the isolation andrestoration planning is the switching sequence presented in the Restoration dialog(Figure 48). Step opens the MicroSCADA control or station diagram of the firstswitch in which the switching action can be performed. If the MicroSCADAconnection is not functioning, the OperaWS own dialog box is opened for performingthe action and OperaWS is automatically moved to the Simulation Mode. Theperformed switching action is marked with the letter E at the beginning of theappropriate line in the switching sequence. If a switching action causes automaticopening of the switch, the performing of the switching sequence can be quitted byclicking Close of the dialog box. Then the new faulted zone can be defined and the


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isolation and restoration planning be performed again in the changed switching state.The text in the status line of the Fault Management dialog changes to "Restored"after performing all switching actions. Close closes the dialog box.

Figure 48. An example of the switching sequence produced by the isolation and restorationplanning function

The manual isolation and restoration planning can be used as a tool for experimentalswitching planning. After observing that the first approximation failed (i.e. a switchingaction of the switching sequence causes automatic opening of the switch), thedefinition of the faulted zone can be changed and the isolation and restorationplanning performed again.

11.4 Manual Fault Management

If OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode, the functions inthe Fault Management dialog is used just to mark the fault repaired. Only if theOperaWS can not locate the fault definitely, the management of the fault is made withfunctions of the Fault Management dialog. If using the same workstation, thisassumes the stopping of the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode. Thefunction can also be done with some other OperaWS workstation.

If the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode is not in the use, the new activefault is shown in the Fault Management dialog after fault location. The other faultscan be selected from the list of unrepaired faults shown in the Fault Managementdialog box. If the selected fault is a fault in substation or in a looped connection, thefunctions of the dialog box are limited (only receipting to repaired and viewing faultinformation).



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Figure 49. The user interface during fault management in manual fault isolation and restoration

The Fault Management dialog box includes a list of all faults under faultmanagement. The dialog box is visible as long as there are unrepaired faults in the list(i.e. closing of the dialog box is not allowed). The list of faults includes some basicinformation. A fault number is prefixed by:

• S if it is a demonstration fault (i.e. a pure simulation).

• R if it is repaired (i.e. simulating an old fault).

• A if it is an archived fault

• No letter if it is a real unrepaired fault.

An active fault is highlighted on the list. Clicking a fault with the left mouse buttonmakes the fault active. At the same time the network is zoomed to the new active fault.


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Figure 50. Fault Management dialog box

SCADA info opens a separate dialog box, which shows more detailed information forthe present active fault. This information can be changed for simulation purposes. Thefunctions behind this button are described in greater detail in "Fault LocationSimulation" on page 79.

Repaired is used to indicate that the active fault has been repaired when the fault hasbeen repaired and supply is restored. If the fault, which has been indicated, is notactive, it should be selected as an active fault before clicking Repaired. If there are nofaults remaining, OperaWS returns to the State Monitoring Mode or in other casescontinues to show the next fault. In the case of a demonstration fault or an old alreadyrepaired fault, displaying of the fault is ended by Repaired.

Note The fault cleared in the Automatic Fault Isolation and RestorationMode must also indicate to be repaired with this function.

Parameters opens a dialog box, which shows the fault location parameters. Theparameters can be changed for simulation purposes. The functions behind this buttonare described in greater detail in "Fault Location Parameters" on page 40.

Faulted Feeder (switching state) shows the network in its actual switching state. Inthe case of a real fault this is a default state.

Faulted Feeder (snapshot) shows the switching state of the whole network justbefore the fault, and changes the mode of OperaWS to the Simulation Mode. Thereturn back to the real time switching state is made by clicking Faulted Feeder(switching state).



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The selection of the Arrow for fault distance check box enables the presentation ofexact fault locations based on the calculated fault distance by an arrow in the networkwindow.

The selection of the Fault detector indication check box enables the presentation of afault detector indication with a warning color in the network window.

The selection of the Faulted Remote Zone check box enables the presentation of theremote operated disconnector zone in which a fault has been located with a warningcolor in the network window. The defining of the faulted zone has succeeded if thestate line contains the text "Fault definitely located". After exact fault location theOperaWS can continue to the fault isolation and restoration switching planning (Formore information about fault isolation and restoration switching planning, see"Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 69).

If there is some additional information, it is displayed in the Info box, for example, ifthe fault detector operations are incorrect, or two simultaneous faults along the faultedfeeder can be supposed, the user is asked to click Detector Information, which opensa dialog box showing the fault detector data. Information is also given, if thecalculated fault distance does not match with the feeder in which a fault has beenhappened (i.e. announcements: “Measured fault current > fault current of the feedingpoint" or “Measured fault current < fault current at the end of the feeder”).

Under the Info box is the status line for presenting the data of the state of the isolationand restoration planning. The texts has the following meanings:

• "Fault location failed" : automatic fault location function did not succeed.

• "Fault definitely located" : fault located automatically or manually.

• "Restored": the switching actions of isolation and restoration have beenperformed.

Restoration starts the isolation and restoration planning after definition of the faultedremote operated disconnector zone. A more detailed description of the isolation andrestoration planning is given in "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66.

Possible fault locations can be studied using the following buttons of Possible FaultLocations frame:

• Remote Contr. Disc. Zones opens a separate dialog box (Figure 51), whichincludes the names of the remote operated disconnector zones in which a fault ispossible and the likelihood that they include the fault (For more information aboutinferencing the fault locations, see the System Description. ). The zone in questioncan be shown in the network window with a warning color by clicking the zone inthe dialog box with the left mouse button. After selection of the zone the clickingof Set Faulted Zone sets the active zone as a faulted zone for the isolation andrestoration planning (More information about switching plannings, see "SwitchingPlanning" on page 83).


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Figure 51. Fault locations (remote controlled zones) dialog box

• All Disconnector Zones opens a separate dialog box, which includes the names ofthe disconnector zones in which a fault is possible (including the manuallyoperated disconnectors) and the likelihood that they include the fault in question(For more information about inferencing the fault locations, see the SystemDescription.). After selection of the zone by the left mouse button, the active zoneis shown with a warning color on the network window.

• Network Components opens a separate dialog box, which shows the line sectionsin which faults are possible in order of possibility (Figure 52). The previousswitching device (manually operated disconnector, remote operated disconnectoror circuit breaker) of each line section is shown. If the calculated fault distancematches the line section under consideration, the line for that section includes twoextra values. The Dist1 row shows the distance between the calculated faultdistance and the previous switching device. The Dist2 row shows the distancebetween the calculated fault distance and the feeding point in the main station. Theline section under consideration can be shown in the network window with awarning color by clicking the line section in the dialog box with the left mousebutton. At the same time an additional window is opened to show the faultlocation arguments for the line section under consideration (Figure 53).

Figure 52. The list of possible faulted line sections in order of fault possibility



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Figure 53. Additional Fault Location Information for the line section

The Fault => All command opens a list of all faults, with the last fault at the top(Figure 54). The selection of the fault from the list, followed by clicking the OK,starts the fault location of that fault. Remove is used to remove the selected fault fromthe list and the hard disk. Archive transfers the active fault to the fault archive (Formore information about fault archive, see "Archiving of the Fault Data" on page 77).The fault has an R before its number if it is repaired (i.e. old fault), and it doesn't havea letter if it is still an unrepaired fault

Figure 54. The List of Faults dialog box

11.5 Management of On-Site Readable Fault Detector State

The states of the remote readable fault detectors are obtained from MicroSCADA andthe on-site readable detectors are managed by the user interface of OperaWS (Formore information about integration of remote readable fault detectors, see theAdministrator Manual).


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If there is any fault under fault management in the instances of OperaWS, a change ofthe fault detector state also causes the fault location function for the active fault to berun again using the new fault detector information.

The properties of the detectors can be studied and the operational states of the on-sitereadable detectors changed by OperaWS. By clicking a fault detector in the networkwindow or on the diagram, the Fault detector data form is opened (Figure 55).

Figure 55. The Fault Detector data form

Switching the state of a detector to Operated or Non-operated updates the screen andsends a message to all instances of OperaWS to read the new fault detector state fromthe Opera database. If there is any fault under fault management, the selection alsoruns the fault location function (i.e. inferences possible fault locations) for the activefault again using the new fault detector information.

If OperaWS is in the Simulation Mode (for example while studying an old repairedfault), confirmation is asked for the desirability of storing the update permanently inthe real time Opera database, as well. The selection of a state always affects thenetwork model and the fault file under simulation.

The operational time of an on-site readable detector is managed by OperaWS, so thatthe operational time is always the present time relating to the selection of a state.

11.6 Archiving of the Fault Data

The fault data of the repaired fault can be archived for continued consideration, forexample reporting and outage data. The archiving is required to keep the number of



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faults reasonable so that checking the status of faults is not too slow. The functiontransfers the fault and outage data of the active fault to the archive, remove the faultfrom the fault list and from the memory of OperaWS.

Archiving is started with Archive in the List of Faults dialog box opened by theFault => All command. Also, archiving is suggested if the List of Faults dialog boxis opened by Fault => All command and there are over 40 faults on the list. Archivingis suggested for the oldest repaired faults. Next, the name of the fault archive is askedfor (Figure 56). The default archive name is the present year. The name of the archivecan contain letters and numbers. Ok to all is available in the case of the automaticfault archiving after 40 faults. The button accepts the default archive name for allarchived faults. If the selected fault archive is not found in the OUTAGE directory, anew archive with that name is created and the data of the active fault is saved in thisarchive. The running number of the faults in all archives starts from one. If anotheruser uses the archive at the same time, the archive is locked and information about thatis shown to the user.

Figure 56. Select Fault Archive dialog box

If the archiving of the fault is not successful, the archive remains locked (for examplein the case of disconnection to the fileserver) and a dialog box opens. The dialog boxenables a new attempt. If the new attempt is not successful Release is displayed in thedialog box.

Caution Release of the archive locking is not allowed if the archiving isincomplete in some other workstation.

The fault archives can be browsed by selecting Fault => Archives command andchoosing the archive from the list. Faults of the selected archive are listed in the Listof Faults -dialog (Figure 57).


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Figure 57. List of Faults dialog

Click the Remove button to remove the selected fault from the archive and the Movebutton to move the selected fault to other archive. The archived fault has the samefunctionality in Fault Management dialog as an unarchived faults (For moreinformation about functions in the dialog, see "Manual Fault Management" on page71).

11.7 Fault Location Simulation

When SCADA info is clicked from the Fault Management dialog box, the SCADAInformation dialog box is opened (Figure 58). This dialog box shows detailedinformation on the active, selected fault. The values can be changed and by usingSimulation the fault location can be run again with new SCADA information values.The original values can always be retrieved from the fault file by using OriginalValues.

Clicking Parameters from the Fault Management dialog box enables simulation ofthe influence of the fault location parameter changes (For more information aboutfault location parameters, see "Fault Location Parameters" on page 40).



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Figure 58. SCADA information dialog box

The fault location simulation function of OperaWS can also be used to create a newreal fault, if there is some problem with the MicroSCADA connection. Simulation canalso be used to make a demonstration fault for purely simulation purposes (forexample a fault cleared by the autoreclosing function of the protection relay can bestudied afterward using the manually read measured values of the relay).

The Fault => New command opens the SCADA Information dialog box without anyprimary information. The user gives the required primary information and New fault(which replaces Simulation in this case) is clicked. If the simulated fault is a real one(i.e. MicroSCADA connection is not working), the REAL FAULT check box shouldbe selected.

The SCADA Information dialog box contains the following data:

The Main substation and Tripped CB/Faulted feeder boxes determine the stationand feeder (or tripped circuit breaker), in which the fault exists. The faulted feederlists all the circuit breakers of the selected main station. The short-circuit impedancevalues for the feeding network and main transformer are updated based on the feederselection.

The Date and Time boxes define the starting time of the fault. The default value for anew fault is the current time.


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The REAL FAULT check box defines if the fault is a real one. In the case of a puredemonstration fault, there is no selection.

New fault is used to create a fault file and run the fault location function for the newfault. Simulation replaces this button if the dialog box is opened by selecting a realfault from the Fault Management dialog box. The original fault values ofMicroSCADA, in case of a real fault, can be retrieved at any time by clickingOriginal values.

The Operated fault detectors box lists all the fault detectors which have beenoperated during the fault. The indicated region of a fault detector can be shown in thenetwork window with a warning color by double-clicking the fault detector.

All Fault Detectors shows all the fault detectors on the screen with larger symbols.

The Type of fault box defines the type of the fault to be either a 2- or 3 -phased short-circuit or 1- or 2 -phased earth short-circuit or earth fault. Earth short-circuit faults canbe selected only if network is earthed.

If the fault current is measured with the busbar protection bay or feeder bay isdefined in the Current Measurements frame. The values shown for Fault current(A) and Load current (A) come from the values measured before the fault by themeasuring unit under consideration.

Fault Current Buffer opens the dialog box which shows the latest registered faultcurrent values of the measuring relay under consideration, if the relay includes such aregister buffer. In the case of a permanent fault and final trip, which normally startsthe fault location function, the last measured value of the short-circuit current is usedas a default in the fault distance calculation. Generally, the final trip has been precededby some autoreclosing. So the register also includes the measured values relating tothe autoreclosing operations. For simulating the fault location with the fault current ofthe first circuit breaker opening (i.e. when the fault really occurs), the correct value isselected from the buffer dialog box and written in the SCADA Information dialogbox.

The measured real and reactive power values of the load just before the fault aredefined under Transformer measurements.

The short-circuit resistance and reactance of the feeding transmission network andmain transformer supplying the faulted feeder is defined under Short circuitimpedance. Also the negative and zero sequence resistance and reactance can bedefined. The default values can be changed.

Normally feeding network impedance values associated with the main transformersare used in the fault location. Using of an alternative switching states in feedingnetwork requires different feeding network impedance values. Alternative feedingnetwork impedance values can be used if they are defined (For more informationabout definition of alternative network impedance values, see the AdministratorManual). If the alternative impedance values are defined, the SCADA informationdialog contains Alternatives box presenting the descriptions of alternative feedingnetwork of the selected main substation and circuit breaker. Select the alternativesituation and the corresponding resistance and reactance values to be used. The valuesassociated with the main transformers can be used with the selection Default.



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If resistance or reactance values are changed manually during fault location, they canbe saved to the fault file when fault state is set to be repaired (will be asked). Valuescan't be saved at the fault simulation.

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12 Switching Planning

12.1 General about Switching Planning

Switching planning functions require the Open++ Opera network analysis license. Theisolation and restoration planning made during the fault management also requiresOpen++ Opera fault location license.

OperaWS contains the isolation and restoration planning, which can also be used inexperimental switching planning (For more information about fault isolation andrestoration planning, see "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66). OperaWS alsocontains function for reconfiguration (For more about reconfiguration function, see"Reconfiguration" on page 88).

OperaWS contains the functions for planning the outages. The aim of the planning isto arrange the outage by causing as little disturbance to the customers as possible.

Automatic planning functions generates the switching sequence, which notices thetechnical constraints of the network and the protection demands. The switchingsequence contains opening and closing of the switch devices and other actions neededduring the outage.

Beyond the automatic switching planning OperaWS can be used to manually create aswitching sequence. A switching sequence created manually or by the outage planningfunction can be modified, simulated and executed supported.

The simulation of OperaWS can be used to examine the electrical state of the networkand the functioning of the protection in any switching state (For more informationabout simulation, see "Changing of Switching State" on page 59). Simulation can beutilized in any switching planning situation. Also the use of load estimation duringnetwork analysis to the existing network or to the simulated switching state supportsthe switching planning (For more information about load estimation, see "LoadEstimation" on page 61).

12.2 Outage Planning

In the normal switching state the switching planning is needed to plan switchingactions to disconnect the line sections for outages and restore the supply after outages.

The planning of outage starts by defining the basic data of the outage via the dialogbox opened by the Operations => Start Switching Planning command (Figure 59).

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Figure 59. Switching planning parameters dialog box

The Switching Planning Parameters dialog box contains the following definitions:

The Day of week box defines the day of the week for which the outage plan is to bemade. The day can be selected using the drop-down list. The default is the present day.

The Hour (0-23) box defines the hour of the day for which the outage plan is to bemade. The default is the present hour.

The Required on-load capacity of switches box defines the maximum load current inamperes (A) the disconnector can break (For more information about load current, seethe System Description. ). The default is 0.

The Operations => Outage Location command is used to define the location of theoutage in the network window, network diagram or substation diagram with the leftmouse button. After selection of the line section it is drawn with the red color.

The outage planning starts with the Operations => Create Sequence Managementcommand. OperaWS automatically moves to the Switching Planning Mode. TheSequence Management dialog box opens and presents the switching sequence as aresult of the switching planning function (Figure 60). The generated sequence can beimplemented by MicroSCADA using the defined interface. The sequence mustinclude only switches controllable in MicroSCADA.

The network is presented according to the switching state during the outage. Theoutage area is colored with the unsupplied line color and the network before and afterthe outage area according to the changed topology and the network analysis. Themanner of representation of the network can be chosen with the View => Coloringcommand.

The switching sequence can be modified and examined using the functions of theSequence Management dialog box (For more information about switching sequence,see "Modifying, Simulating and Executing the Switching Plan" on page 85). Thesaving of the switching plan is possible during closing of the dialog box with Close.

The Operations => Stop Planning command returns OperaWS to the StateMonitoring Mode.


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12.3 Modifying, Simulating and Executing the Switching Plan

The Sequence Management dialog box is open in the Switching Planning Mode(Figure 60). The dialog box is opened after opening of the saved plan with theOperations => Open Switching Plan command, after starting the switching planningwith the Operations => New Switching Plan or Operations => SequenceManagement command. The dialog box starts the modification, simulation andexecution of the switching plan.

Figure 60. An example of Sequence Management dialog box

The text box in the top of the dialog box is for free text specification of the plan. Alsothe box for the planner is available. The date and time of the creation and changing ofthe plan is acknowledged.

The mode for the tasks is defined under Mode. The selection of the mode affects theavailable buttons and the functions of them.

When the Add/Edit is selected the editing and/or adding of switching actions ispossible. The insertion of a switching action is made as with the normal change ofswitch state using the network window (For more information about changing theswitching state, see "Switching Devices Not Connected to MicroSCADA" on page50). The switching action is entered last in the switching sequence.

Move moves the selected switching action to the new place in the switching sequence.

Edit enables the insertion of text comment at the end of the switching action. Thedialog box for inserting the text and/or receipting the execution is opened (Figure 61).The execution time stamp is also given.

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Figure 61. An example of the Operation dialog box

Remove removes the chosen switching action from the sequence.

Listing opens the preview window of the switching plan for printing (Figure 62). Themenu of the preview window accounts for the function needed in this state. The plancan be saved or printed. The File => Save as Text File command saves the plan in thefile, which can be opened in any text editor. The File => Close command closes thepreview window and returns to the network view in OperaWS. The File => Printcommand sends the plan to the printer defined by the File => Print Setup command.The File => Print Preview opens the standard preview window, where the plan listingcan be seen before sending to the printer.

Figure 62. An example of the switching plan listing

Close closes the Sequence Management dialog box, asks if the plan is wanted to besaved and returns to the State Monitoring Mode.


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In the Simulation and Execution modes Step performs one step of the switchingsequence at a time. In the simulation mode OperaWS simulates the topology andnetwork analysis during the switching sequence by offering the possibility to examinethe effect of every switching action. The letter S at the beginning of the switchingaction indicates the simulated switching action. In the execution mode OperaWSperforms the real switching sequence process. After clicking Step one switchingaction is performed. In the case of the switching device connected to MicroSCADA,the MicroSCADA control or station picture is opened for changing the switching stateof the appropriate switching device. In the case of the switching device not connectedto MicroSCADA, the state of the switch is automatically changed. The indication ofthe active operation is also forwarded if the switching action is performed in someother way than clicking Step (for example direct control of the switching device viathe network window or menu command). The letter E at the beginning and the timestamp at the end of the switching action indicates the performed switching action. Thedata can be changed afterward in the Add/Edit mode. Also, the data of the notperformed action between performed actions must be changed manually.

The Simulation mode also contains Rewind, which moves the simulation to the top ofthe switching sequence.

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13 Reconfiguration

13.1 General

The reconfiguration function helps to find an optimal switching state with minimallosses in existing load situation. The function is applicable for radial operatednetworks. The function searches for pairs of an open switch to close and closed switchto open in order to achieve maximum reduction of losses. The real switching actionsare made by the operator.

Start reconfiguration by selecting the Operations => Reconfiguration command. TheReconfiguration Settings dialog opens (Figure 63).

Figure 63. Reconfiguration Settings dialog

In the Mode box the operator can choose whether all switches or only the remotecontrolled switches will be included in optimization.

With the Algorithm box the user can also select Single trial or Double trial algorithmfor optimization. Single trial method and double trial methot. The Single trial methodis faster, but the double trial may provide better results.

The Frozen open points box contains a list of switches that are currently fixed to beopen i.e. are not changed during the reconfiguration. You can insert switches to the listby clicking the Insert button and then clicking on the switch in network window.Clicking the Remove button removes the currently selected switch from the list. Youcan bring back a previously saved list by clicking Load button. The standard file open

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dialog opens up to allow you to select the file containing the list. Correspondingly theSave button allows you to save the list in file.

When the Highlight check box is selected the frozen points are marked with thedefined symbol in network window (For more information about symbol definition,see the Administrator Manual). Also the selected switch in list is marked with inversecolor circle.

When you have made all the selections needed click OK to start the optimization.

The optimization process starts. A window with curve showing the progress (losses inkW) opens up (Figure 64).

Figure 64. Optimization window

Executing Stop button is enabled and can be used to interrupt the process whileoptimization is still running.

The reconfiguration results are shown in Reconfiguration dialog (Figure 65). TheProposed changes lists the close/open switch operations which have been detected toresult loss reduction. You can uncheck some changes and click Recalculate button tosee the effect in results.

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Figure 65. Reconfiguration window

The Save button can be used to save the results in a file and to print the results out.

When the Highlight check box is selected the corresponding part of network iscolored with warning color in network window. Also the selected changes in the listare marked with alarm color.

The Current view box contains radio buttons, which can be used to change networkview to show the switching state before and after the reconfiguration.

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14 Field Crew Management

14.1 Field Crew Management

During fault clearing not only the remote controlled switches but also the manualoperated switches need to be used. The control of manually operated switches needsthe attendance of the field crew. At least the repairing of the fault requires the fieldcrew to be able to move in the terrain.

The efficient organization of the field crew movements speeds the fault clearance bycutting the time needed for disconnection and repairing of the fault.

The View => Show => Field Crew command shows the location of all defined fieldcrews with the defined symbol in the network windows together with backgroundmaps. The user can rapidly create a general view with the locations of field crews andpossible faults. The field crew can be chosen from the network window by clickingwith the left mouse button. The free data form of the field crew is opened (For moreinformation about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25).

The File => Field Crew Management command opens the dialog box for definingthe location of the field crews and for modifying the basic data of the field crews(Figure 66).

Figure 66. Field Crew Management dialog box

The Field Crew Management dialog box contains the following functions:

Add and Edit are used to add and edit the field crew basic data. The modification isfocused on the active field crew. The free data form of the field crew (Figure 67) isopened (For more information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page25). Save of the free data form saves the additions and modifications.

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Figure 67. An example of free form database for field crew

Remove removes the data of the active field crew.

Show Location locates the active field crew, highlights it and shows it with thedefined symbol in the network window.

New Location enables the active field crew to be graphically located on the networkwindow.

Add-In Data enables browsing and maintaining of the separate information file forfield crews. The file type must be registered to a program in the workstation (forexample doc file type is registered to MS Word). At the first time the standard file-opening dialog box is opened and the content of the DATA directory is shown. Afterselection and saving of the file it becomes the default file in the file-opening dialogbox.

Help opens the online help with the appropriate help texts.

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15 Customer Service

15.1 General

Open++ Opera contains customer service function. The function requires the customerdata to be imported or linked to a table defined in the system (For more informationabout linking the customer information, see the Administrator Manual). Click theView => Customer Information command to open the Customer Search dialog(Figure 68).

Figure 68. Customer search dialog box

Define the base of the search by the Searching instruction field. The search can bebased on customer name, customer node or any other customer information in thedatabase. The last search base is saved as default for every OperaWS workstation.Define the search criteria with the field beside the Search button and start the searchwith the Search button. The found customers are listed in the dialog. The number offound customers is showed in the dialog.

The Locate button locates the selected customer's MV/LV substation and shows itwith the location symbol. If the MV/LV substation is outside the current view, thezoom area will be moved and the MV/LV substation will be centered using the currentzoom level.

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Click the Unsupplied Customers button to list all currently unsupplied customers inthe dialog. This function makes the location of the unsupplied customer possible.

The View => Unsupplied Customers command shows the unsupplied customersusing the free data form after confirmation. The data form can be used to browse thecustomer data or to locate the customer.

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16 Database Analysis

16.1 Database Analysis

Database analysis produces summaries and collections of data from the networkdatabase. A query can be restricted to the entire network data or to a selected objectgroup. The query filters can contain one or more constraints (for examplemanufacturing year before 70 and the last maintenance made before year 95), whichare then used to pick up the data from the database.

The administrator can create queries using MS Access capabilities (For moreinformation about creating queries, see the Administrator Manual). The results can beseen in table format in MS Access. The queries containing coordinate or node codedata can be seen in graphical form in OperaWS and OperaNE. The graphical queriescan be focused on the restricted nodes if defined so in MS Access.

16.2 Graphical Queries in Open++ Opera

Graphical queries saved in MS Access can be executed in OperaWS and OperaNE(For more information about creating graphical queries, see the AdministratorManual). Simple graphical queries can also be created using the functions ofOperaWS or OperaNE.

The View => Database Queries => Select Query to Execute command opens thedialog box for selection of the query. The queries saved in MS Access which can beillustrated graphically are shown in the list of this dialog box.

Figure 69. An example of the results of the graphical query

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The View => Database Queries => Query Info command opens an informationwindow showing the name of the query and the object results.

The View => Database Queries => Clear Results in Network Window commandremoves the results from the screen (Figure 69).

The View => Graphical Database Queries command opens a dialog box (Figure 70),which is used to create simple graphical queries and present the results of manygraphical queries simultaneously.

Figure 70. Graphical Database Queries dialog box

The dialog box contains five separate query boxes. Each box contains the definition ofthe query.

The base of the query is a database table or query chosen from the drop-down list. Thelist contains all tables and queries containing coordinate data or node code. Next, thereare two parts defining the query constraints. The drop-down lists contain the fields ofthe selected table or query. The constraint box is an edit box, where individual valuesor normal SQL operators (<,<=,>,>=,<>,*) together with the values can be entered.The accepted values of the box can be figured out by opening the appropriate table orquery in MS Access. Between the parts are option buttons for selecting the and or oroperator to combine the query constraints. If both edit boxes are left empty, all recordsof the table or query are included in the results. If only one constraint is needed, theedit box of the other part is left empty.

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Selecting the Execute check box executes the query together with other queriesdefined after clicking Execute. Color opens the standard color definition dialog boxfor defining the color to represent results. The size of the circle to represent results isdefined by selecting from drop-down list. A symbol with the selected color and size isshown opposite as an example. After executing the queries, the number of resultingobjects in the network database and in existing network window is shown. The data isrefreshed after every change in the network window zoom.

The Graphical database queries dialog box contains following buttons:

Execute Executes all the queries defined and the Execute check box selected ineach query box, and represents the results with defined circles (Figure 69). Thenetwork window can be zoomed and panned normally.

Empty All Clears the values of every box and removes the query results from thenetwork window.

Save Saves the queries and definitions of the dialog box into the file defined in thestandard file-saving dialog box opening.

Open Opens the standard file-opening dialog box and shows the queries anddefinitions of the file in the dialog box. The queries can be executed with the Executebutton.

Close Closes the dialog box and removes the result from the network window.

Figure 71. An example of the results from many graphical queries

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16.3 Graphical Restriction of the Query Focus

The View => Database Queries => Select Nodes in Network Window commandenables restriction of the query to the graphically selected nodes. After selecting thefunction the dialog box for defining the node type is opened. The drop-down list ofnode types can be used to select a separate node type (also contains the free databaseobjects) or the All Node Types check box to select all regular node types to beincluded in the query (not the free database objects). Next the area of the restrictedquery is defined by clicking the left mouse button down on one corner of the area andreleasing it on the opposite corner. The number of selected nodes and the codes andnames of them are shown in the Selected Nodes dialog box (Figure 72). Removeremoves the selected node from the list. Browse opens the free data form of the firstselected node. The selected nodes can be browsed with the buttons in a data form (Formore information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25). Afterclicking of OK in the Selected Nodes dialog box, the contents of the dialog box issaved into a particular table in the database. If this table is included during creation ofa query in MS Access the query can be restricted to the selected nodes (For moreinformation about graphical restriction in the query, see the Administrator Manual).

Figure 72. Selected Nodes dialog box

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17 Document Archive

17.1 Document Archive

Documents are data files (for example pictures or text documents) attached to thenodes of the network. The documents attached to network nodes can be browsed inOperaWS. First select the line section preceding the component from the networkwindow, network diagram or substation diagram. Then click Document in the nodedialog box. The browsing of the documents can also be done with the Documents ofthe free data form. The button is unavailable if no documents are attached to thecomponent. If more than one document is attached to the component, the functionopens a table containing all the documents (Figure 73).

Figure 73. An example of the table containing the documents attached to the component

The document can be opened by selecting the document from the table and by clickingthe right mouse button for opening the shortcut menu. Then click the Select functionfrom the shortcut menu. A document can also be opened by double-clicking thedocument of the table. The Find in Field function can be used to find the documentfrom the table. The Close function closes the table. The Component Documentdialog box opens after selection of the document (Figure 74).

Figure 74. An example of the Component Document dialog box

The dialog box is closed with Close. Show (or double-clicking the picture) opens aseparate window to present the picture. Show is not visible if the document is not apicture. Open opens the document in the software with which the file type isregistered (for example doc file type is opened in MS Word).

Documents can also be browsed with the File => Documents => Componentscommand, which opens the free data form of documents (Figure 75). The File =>

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Documents => Attached Files command opens the standard file-opening dialog boxfor finding the attachment file. The selected file opens in the software, with which thefile type is registered.

Figure 75. An example of the free data form of documents

Connecting documents to the components is made in OperaNE.

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18 Map Printing

18.1 Map Printing

OperaWS and OperaNE contain versatile graphical printing properties. Database datatogether with geographical background maps gives plenty of alternatives to print outnetwork diagrams, site maps, substation diagrams and so on.

The File => Print Preview/Map Printing command opens the Map Printing dialogbox for defining the print settings (Figure 76).

Figure 76. Map Printing dialog box

The following parameters can be defined in the Map Printing dialog box:

The Scale box defines the scale, which is used in printing. OperaWS gives the list ofthe scales. The user can also give a free number; for example 4500 defines the scale tobe 1:4500.

The Monochrome raster maps box contains the Output color box defines the colorused as the background color for black and white raster map material printing.

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OperaWS gives the list of useful colors. The Shade of gray defines the darkness ofthe color. The best color depends on the printer used. Grey is a good color for blackand white Postscript laser printer. Black must be chosen for a normal black and whitelaser printer.

The legend texts of the map print is defined under Output strings. The box containstext lines for Title, Specification, Chart and Drawer. The Print Legend check boxdefines if the title texts are printed out or not. Selecting the Underground CablesUsing Dash Line check box prints the underground cables with dash lines.

The Print Out check box, which defines if the additional text is printed or not, isdefined under Additional text printing. Edit opens NodePad software for thewriting of text to be printed out on the bottom-left corner of the map printout.

Printer setup opens the standard Print Setup dialog box. The same dialog box can beopened with the File => Printer Setup command.

Network color and line widths in map printing can be defined in OperaNE (For moreinformation about definition of network line width, see the Administrator Manual).

After you click OK the white rectangle is displayed on the network window to showthe map printing area. The size and direction of the rectangle correspond with thechosen scale and the printer's paper size setup. A left mouse button click drops therectangle down and sets the area to be printed. Before closing the area you can freelyzoom and pan the network window (the white rectangle temporarily disappears). TheEsc key will cancel the function. The next phase before printing is to look at thenetwork map with the legend and info texts in a print preview window (Figure 77).

The settings of map printing can also be done via the File => Map Printing Setupcommand. This command is not for previewing and printing of the map. The functioncan be used to zoom the network window near to the chosen scale (assumes that thepaper size is near the screen size). The preview and printing is made only via the File=> Print Preview/Map Printing command.

The printer setup can be done either with the File => Printer Setup command or withPrinter Setup in the Map Printing dialog box.

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Figure 77. An example of preview window in map printing

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Glossary of Terms

Analyze => Back to State MonitoringAnalyze => Back to State Monitoring is used to change the mode of OperaWS to theState Monitoring Mode. After changing to the Simulation Mode with Analyze =>Simulation, the text 'Simulation' blinks in the status bar and the menu is changed toAnalyze => Back to State Monitoring.

Analyze => ForecastAnalyze => Forecast performs network analysis with the forecasted loads inOperaWS. The dialog box for defining forecasting settings opens. OperaWS changesautomatically to the Simulation Mode.

Analyze => Meshed Network Load FlowAnalyze => Meshed Network Load Flow performs the load flow calculation formeshed network.

Analyze => Meshed Network Short Circuit CurrentsAnalyze => Meshed Network Short Circuit Currents performs the short-circuitcalculation for meshed network in case of selected faulted node.

Analyze => Network & ProtectionAnalyze => Network & Protection performs the network analysis using newtopology if automatic updating is not functioning. The dialog box for selecting one orall substations opens.

Analyze => SimulationAnalyze => Simulation is used to change the mode of OperaWS to the SimulationMode. After changing to the Simulation Mode, the text 'Simulation' blinks in the statusbar and the menu is changed to Analyze => Back to State Monitoring.

Analyze => TopologyAnalyze => Topology refreshes the network topology on screen after changes in theswitching state have been made if automatic updating is not functioning. If theautomatic topology monitoring is disabled, the text 'no autom. updating' is shown inthe second pane of the status bar.

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Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration ModeThe Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode enables the defined OperaWSworkstation to automatically locate, isolate and restore the fault.

binary network modelModel of a relational network database used to speed up the operation of Open++Opera. See also network.dat.

cacheA special high-speed storage mechanism in which frequently used data values areduplicated for quick access. It can be either a reserved section of main memory or anindependent high-speed storage device.

certainty factorCertainty factors are used during inferencing to define the stress on individualinference rules. See also fuzzy set theory.

control pictureA MicroSCADA picture.

DMSDistribution network Management System.

draw upon mapA vector map, which is drawn after other map materials and is the top map on thescreen.

DTUDisconnector station.

experimental switchingDuring clearing of the fault the switching actions are made to locate the fault. The aimof the experimental switching is to locate the fault as soon as possible and at the sametime to cause as few disadvantages to the customers as possible.

Fault => ArchivesFault => Archives enables the choosing of the archive from the list and the browsingof archived faults.



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Fault => AllFault => All opens a list of all non-archived faults, so that the last fault is uppermost.

Fault => NewFault => New opens the dialog box without any primary fault information, used forsimulation of the fault.

Fault => Start Automatic Fault IsolationFault => Start Automatic Fault Isolation defines OperaWS to change to theAutomatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode . This menu command is visible onlyfor the defined OperaWS workstation.

fault distanceThe fault distance is determined by comparing the measured short-circuit current andthe type of fault with the calculated short-circuit currents along the feeder in which afault has been occurred. The fault location of Open++ Opera is based on fault distancecalculation and fault detector data.

fault filesFault snapshot file created by OperaSA.

fault location licenseThe functional content of the Open++ Opera depends on the licenses and definition ofoptional functions during installation of the system. Fault location functions requirethe Open++ Opera fault location license (also requires the network analysis license).

File => Change Line StateFile => Change Line State asks the line section to be pointed in the network ornetwork diagram with the left mouse button. The dialog box of the chosen line sectionis opened and the chosen line is colored with the warning color. The state of theselected line section is shown in the dialog box and can be changed using the samedialog box. Close, open and earthed are the possible states.

File => Change Switch StateFile => Change Switch State opens the dialog box for selecting a switch. The dialogbox can be defined to present the switches according to codes or names. Also, writingof first letters to a text box can be used to find the switch from the list. After selectingthe switch, a MicroSCADA station or control picture is opened. If the switch is notconnected to MicroSCADA the internal Switch Status dialog box is opened. A pictureor dialog box can be used to change the state of the switch.


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File => Documents => Attached FilesFile => Documents => Attached Files gives the standard file-opening dialog box forselecting the attachment material (for example pictures and documents), which can bejoined to the system.

File => Documents => ComponentsFile => Documents => Components opens the free data form of the first document inthe network database. The data form can be used to browse document data.

File => ExitFile => Exit exits the program after it receives confirmation.

File => Field Crew ManagementFile => Field Crew Management opens the dialog box for managing the field crewdata and location.

File => Map Printing SetupFile => Map Printing Setup opens the dialog box for defining of map printingsettings.

File => ObjectsFile => Objects of OperaWS opens the dialog box for the selection of thecomponent/object type. After selection the first component/object of the selectedcomponent/object type in the network database is shown in the free data form.

File => Print Preview/Map PrintingFile => Print Preview/Map Printing enables the definition of map printing settings,previewing of the printed map and printing. After defining, the white rectangle isdisplayed on the network window to show the map printing area. The size anddirection of the rectangle correspond with the chosen scale and the printer's paper sizesetup. A left mouse button click drops the rectangle down and sets the area to beprinted out. The next phase before printing is to look at the network map with legendand info texts in a print preview window.

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File => Read Switching StateFile => Read Switching State opens the list of saved switching state files inOperaWS and after selecting the file, loads this switching state into the network. IfOperaWS is not in the Simulation Mode, it is changed to this state after questioning.

File => Refresh Network DataFile => Refresh Network Data is used to update the last network data. Duringstarting of OperaWS, the network data is read from the binary network file of thefileserver. Correspondingly the temporary network data is read. OperaNE can be usedto update network data (also temporary network data), while OperaWSs are running.By user action, OperaNE updates the binary network file and the temporary networkfile in fileserver. At the same time it also sends a message to all OperaWS about newnetwork data. New network data can be updated right away by accepting thesuggestion in the message window or later by using this command.

File => Relay Data Source => Network ModelFile => Relay Data Source => Network Model obtains the relay settings from thenetwork model. The loaded settings are used for all protection analysis calculations inOperaWS.

File => Relay Data Source => RelayFile => Relay Data Source => Relay obtains the relay settings of SPACOM andRED 500 typed relays via MicroSCADA. The loaded settings are used for allprotection analysis calculations in OperaWS.

File => Save as Normal StateFile => Save as Normal State of OperaWS saves the existing switching state to a fileas a normal switching state. The View => Show => Abnormal Switching Statescommand shows the switches, which state differ from the normal state.

File => Save Switching StateFile => Save Switching State opens the dialog box for giving the name for a file andthen saves the switching state of the reorganized network into this file. The File =>Read Switching State command opens the list of saved switching state files inOperaWS and after selecting the file, loads this switching state into the network. IfOperaWS is not in the Simulation Mode, it is changed to this state after questioning.

File => Scada PicturesFile => Scada Pictures opens the dialog box for opening of other definedMicroSCADA pictures than station and control pictures. Pictures can be, for example,a list of alarms or events.


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free data formFree data forms are the way to define the layout and content of data forms.

free database objectFree database objects are user defined object types, which can be added to the networkdatabase.

Help => About Open++Help => About Open++ opens a window, which shows the data about the Open++Opera version.

Help => Contents and IndexHelp => Contents and Index starts the help program and shows the appropriateOpen++ Opera help file. The Help program contains three tabs: Contents shows thecontents of the help, Index shows the index list of the help and Find enables the fulltext search.

Help => What's This?Help => What's This? changes the pointer into a question mark. Click the place onthe screen to have a help window about the chosen function shortcut.

Hot-Stand-ByA system to secure database connection with two servers which are capable tocontinue service alone, if connection to the other is lost.

HSBSee Hot-Stand-By

HVHigh Voltage.

internal station diagramStation diagram of Open++ Opera.

Internet ProtocolThe messenger protocol of TCP/IP, is responsible for addressing and sending TCPpackets over the network. IP provides a best-effort, connectionless delivery system



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that does not guarantee that packets arrive at their destination or that they are receivedin the sequence in which they were sent. See also Trasmission Control Protocol.

IPSee Internet Protocol and IP -address.

IP addressInternet address (for example 127.0.0.1)

isolationDuring clearing of the fault the switching actions are made to isolate the fault. Theisolation isolates the located fault as soon as possible and at the same time to cause asfew disadvantages to the customers as possible.

LANLocal Area Network. A group of computers and other devices dispersed over arelatively limited area and connected by a communications link that enables anydevice to interact with any other device on the network. See also WAN.

load current compensationLoad current compensation (i.e. superposed load current in the measured fault current)is done for better calculation accuracy. In the compensation the load current justbefore the fault is subtracted from the measured fault current or in the more accuratemodel the load behavior caused by the voltage drop during the fault is taken intoaccount.

logProgram's log file, which contains on-going information.

MicroSCADA SYSMicroSCADA system computer.

monitorSame as the X-Window in MicroSCADA.

MVMedium Voltage.

network databaseRelational MS Access based network database of Open++ Opera. See alsonetwork.mdb.


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network.datBinary network file of Open++ Opera. See also binary network model.

network.mdbFile name of the Open++ Opera relational network database. See also networkdatabase.

Opera databaseDynamic MS Access based database of Open++ Opera, which contains for examplethe real time states of switches. See also opera.mdb.

Opera Interface PackageOpera Interface Package is a tool of LIB 500 used to cross-connect MicroSCADA andOpen++ Opera.

Opera Network EditorThe Opera Network Editor (OperaNE) is a program primarily used to model thedistribution network onto the network database. See also network database.

Opera Server ApplicationOpera Server Application (OperaSA) is used for data exchange betweenMicroSCADA and instances of OperaWS. See also Opera Workstation.

Opera WorkstationOpera Workstation (OperaWS) is a program for the operation's personnel of electriccompanies in monitoring and operating their networks.

opera.mdbFile name of the Open++ Opera dynamic database. See also Opera database.

opera.ttfTrueType symbol font file of Open++ Opera.

OperaNESee Opera Network Editor.

OperaSASee Opera Server Application.



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Operations => New Switching PlanOperations => New Switching Plan opens the dialog box for planning, simulatingand executing the switching sequence in OperaWS. OperaWS changes automaticallyto the Switching Planning Mode.

Operations => Open Switching PlanOperations => Open Switching Plan opens the file-opening dialog box. Afterselection of the file, the saved switching sequence is presented in a dialog box. Theplan can be updated, simulated or executed. OperaWS changes automatically to theSwitching Planning Mode.

Operations => Outage LocationOperations => Outage Location enables the pointing of an outage location from thenetwork window.

Operations => ReconfigurationOperations => Reconfiguration helps to find an optimal switching state withminimal losses in existing load situation. The function is applicable for radial operatednetworks.

Operations => Create SequenceOperations => Create Sequence performs the planning of the switching sequence forthe given outage location with the entered switching planning settings in OperaWS.

Operations => Start Switching PlanningOperations => Start Switching Planning starts outage switching planning and opensthe dialog box for defining switching planning settings in OperaWS.

Operations => Stop PlanningOperations => Stop Planning stops the outage switching planning and OperaWSautomatically returns to the State Monitoring Mode.

OperaWSSee Opera Workstation.

process objectA MicroSCADA process object, which has a connection to a real process.


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raster mapMap information consisting of dots. The number of dots depends on the resolution ofthe map. Each dot has some color information according to the number of colors used.See also vector map.

restorationDuring clearing of the fault the switching actions are made to locate the fault(experimental switching), isolate the fault (isolation) and restore the connectionsduring the fault (restoration). In the restoration, the outage areas are restored in orderof importance, which is assumed to be proportional to the load.

SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition.

scada codeAn Open++ Opera process object identification, which consists of the process object’slogical name, type, and MicroSCADA index number.

serviceProgram, which runs as a background process in MS Windows NT.

Settings => GeneralsSettings => Generals command opens the General Settings dialog box.

Settings => Fault LocationSettings => Fault Location enables the definition of fault location settings. Thedialog box for defining settings opens.

Settings => FontsSettings => Fonts command enables the definition of the user interface fonts.

Settings => LanguagesSettings => Languages enables the change of the user interface language runtime.

Settings => Maps => LocationSettings => Maps => Location opens the dialog box so that the user can define ifsome part or all of the map material is to be stored on the hard disk of the localworkstation.



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Settings => Maps => OutlookSettings => Maps => Outlook opens the dialog box so that the outlook of thebackground maps shown on the screen can be set.

Settings => MV Network Color LimitsSettings => MV Network Color Limits command opens the MV Network ColorLimits dialog box, which is used to adjust the limits for showing network calculationresults.

Simulation ModeThe Simulation Mode of OperaWS enables network analysis with the switches in asimulated state, with modified relay data or with modified or forecasted load data, andfault location with simulated fault data. In the Simulation Mode, OperaWS is notconnected to process through MicroSCADA.

SSISee Support System Interface.

State Monitoring ModeThe State Monitoring Mode of OperaWS enables network topology monitoring,network analysis, and fault location with the real time network data (also containspossible temporary networks) and switch states. The management of real time switchstates is normally made via OperaSA from MicroSCADA. The management can alsobe made manually during disconnection from MicroSCADA.

station diagramDiagram presentation mode of station components.

station pictureA MicroSCADA picture.

Support System InterfaceA standardized method of transferring data between the applications.

Switching Planning ModeThe Switching Planning Mode of OperaWS enables the planning of a switchingsequence during the fault or maintenance outage.


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system specific settingsThe settings which define the functions of all instances of OperaNE and OperaWS.

TCPSee Transmission Control Protocol.

TCP/IPSee Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

technical constraintsTechnical constraints means limits for safe use of electrical networks and devices. Forexample voltage level, current capacities of lines and transformers and the properoperation of protection are technical constraints checked in Open++ Opera.

Transmission Control ProtocolA software protocol developed by the Department of Defense for communicationsbetween computers. This is a connection-based Internet protocol responsible forbreaking data into packets, which the IP protocol sends over the network. Thisprotocol provides a reliable, sequenced communication stream for networkcommunication. See also Internet Protocol.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolThis is a set of networking protocols that provide communications acrossinterconnected networks made up of computers with diverse hardware architecturesand various operating systems. TCP/IP includes standards for how computerscommunicate and conventions for connecting networks and routing traffic. See alsoTransmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.

vector mapMap information which consists of lines and curves. See also raster map.

View => Coloring => 3-phase Short-circuit CapacityView => Coloring => 3-phase Short-circuit Capacity colors the active networkwindow according to the short-circuit capacity obtained by the network analysis.

View => Coloring => Detection Ability to OvercurrentFaultView => Coloring => Detection Ability to Overcurrent Fault colors the activenetwork window according to the detection ability for short circuit protection obtainedby the network analysis.



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View => Coloring => Earth Fault ProtectionView => Coloring => Earth Fault Protection colors the active network windowaccording to the detection of earth-fault protection obtained by the network analysis.

View => Coloring => Line TypesView => Coloring => Line Types shows the conductor types according to theirresistance and type by using colors in the active network window.

View => Coloring => Load LevelsView => Coloring => Load Levels colors the active network window according tothe load levels obtained by the network analysis.

View => Coloring => Topology by FeedersView => Coloring => Topology by Feeders colors adjacent network feeders withseparate colors in the active network window so that an open switch is easy to find.Cold lines, lines in looped connections, earthed and uncertain lines are shown inseparate colors.

View => Coloring => Topology by Primary TransformersView => Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers displays all thedistribution network lines fed by a common transformer with the same color in theactive network. Cold lines, lines in looped connections, and earthed and uncertainlines are shown in separate colors.

View => Coloring => VoltagesView => Coloring => Voltages colors the active network window according to thevoltage drops obtained by the network analysis.

View => Customer InformationView => Customer Information command enables the searching of the customerusing customer name, customer code or other customer data. The command enablesalso location and browsing of the customer data.


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View => Database Queries => Clear Results from ScreenView => Database Queries => Clear Results from Screen removes the result of theexecuted query or location marks from the screen.

View => Database Queries => Nodes Graphically fromScreenView => Database Queries => Nodes Graphically from Screen for defining theobjects of graphical queries. The dialog box for defining node types for selectionopens. The node type or all node types can be selected. After that the dialog box forselecting the defined node type objects opens. Point to the area with the mouse in thenetwork window. All objects inside the pointed square are listed in the dialog box.Selected nodes are the base of the queries defined to be used in the selection.

View => Database Queries => Query BuilderView => Database Queries => Query Builder is used to create new queriesaccording to the user requires.

View => Database Queries => Query InfoView => Database Queries => Query Info shows information on the executed query.

View => Database Queries => Selection of QueryView => Database Queries => Selection of Query opens the dialog box for selectingthe graphical query. All queries containing X and Y coordinates or node code saved inMS Access are shown on the list. After selecting the query, results are seen in thenetwork window.

View => FeederView => Feeder enables the selection of the feeder by the name or code. The selectedfeeder is showed with the warning color in the main network window, which isautomatically zoomed to the feeder area.

View => Find => ClearView => Find => Clear removes the boxes shown by the View => Find => MV/LVStation and View => Find => Switch commands from the screen. A dialog box isopened for selecting which objects are to be cleared.

View => Find => MV/LV StationView => Find => MV/LV Station assists in finding the MV/LV station by showing alist of all MV/LV stations in the dialog box. The list can be sorted according to codesor names. The sort order is saved during shutting down of the program. Select thestation from this list and the selected MV/LV station's code and name will be shown ina white box near the object in the network window. Many stations can be shown



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simultaneously. Use the View => Find => Clear command to remove the boxes fromthe screen.

View => Find => SwitchView => Find => Switch assists in finding the switch by showing a list of all switchesin the dialog box. The list can be sorted according to codes or names. The sort order issaved during shutting down of the program. Select the switch from this list and theselected switch's code and name will be shown in a white box near the object. Manyswitches can be shown simultaneously. Use the View => Find => Clear command toremove the boxes from the screen.

View => Graphical Database QueriesView => Graphical Database Queries enables creation of simple graphical queriesand presentation of results of many graphical queries simultaneously. The dialog boxfor defining the queries opens.

View => Notes => NewView => Notes => New opens the New Note dialog box for writing and placing of anew note.

View => Notes => ShowView => Notes => Show shows all notes in the network. Clicking the note with theleft mouse button opens the note. Min minimizes the note again. Location enables thetransfer of the note. Del deletes the note.

View => Save/Restore ZoomView => Save/Restore Zoom command enables the saving, restoring and deleting ofthe zoom views by the separate dialog.

View => Show => Abnormal Switching StatesView => Show => Abnormal Switching States command shows the switches, whichstate differ from the defined normal switching state, with the defined symbol. Thenormal switching state can be defined by the File => Save as Normal Statescommand.

View => Show => Conductor CodesView => Show => Conductor Codes shows the conductor codes in the networkwindow. This command can be used to locate the conductors in the network window.


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View => Show => Field CrewView => Show => Field Crew shows the location of field crews in the networkwindow with a defined symbol.

View => Show => Important MV/LV StationsView => Show => Important MV/LV Stations shows the defined important MV/LVstations in the network window. The MV/LV stations with the chosen important rangeis shown using defined symbols. Important MV/LV stations are not shown if the boxesare defined VOID.

View => Show => MV/LV Station LabelsView => Show => MV/LV Station Labels shows submenus for defining the showingof codes or names of the MV/LV stations in the network window. This command canbe used to locate the component in the network window.

View => Show => Object TypesView => Show => Object Types defines the free database object types to be shownwith the defined symbols in the network window. The dialog box for defining objecttypes to be shown opens. Also, the viewing of the measurements is defined via thisdialog box.

View => Show => Remote DisconnectorsView => Show => Remote Disconnectors displays the remotely operateddisconnectors with white symbols in the network window. This command can be usedto locate the component in the network window.

View => Show => Substation LabelsView => Show => Substation Labels shows submenus for defining the showing ofcodes or names of the substations in the network window. This command can be usedto locate the component in the network window.

View => Show => Switch LabelsView => Show => Switch Labels shows submenus for defining the showing of codesor names of the switches in the network window. This command can be used to locatethe component in the network window.



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View => Show => Transformer SwitchesView => Show => Transformer Switches displays the transformer switches withwhite symbols in the network window. This command can be used to locate thecomponent in the network window.

View => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV StationsView => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations shows the unsupplied MV/LVstations with white symbols in the network window. This command can be used tolocate the component in the network window. The function focuses on the activeswitching state.

View => Station DiagramView => Station Diagram is used to open a MicroSCADA control or station picturewindow in the State Monitoring Mode. The state of switches connected to theMicroSCADA process is updated using these pictures. In the Simulation Mode thecommand can be used to open an internal station diagram window. Internal stationdiagrams are used for managing the data of station components and for simulationpurposes. The dialog box for selecting the station opens.

View => Unsupplied CustomersView => Unsupplied Customers command suggests to update the unsuppliedcustomers to the database according to the current switching state and after that showsthe unsupplied customers using the free data form. The data form can be used tobrowse the customer data or to locate the customer.

View => Zoom AllView => Zoom All shows the whole network in the main network window.

View => Zoom InView => Zoom In zooms in on the main network window step by step.

View => Zoom OutView => Zoom Out zooms out from the main network window step by step.


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View => Zoom PreviousView => Zoom Previous returns the main network window to the previous zoom. Thecommand can also be started by the Previous Zoom in the shortcut menu.

WANSee Wide Area Network.

Wide Area NetworkA communications network that connects geographically separated areas. See alsoLAN.

Window => AlarmsWindow => Alarms opens a window so that the most recent alarms can be displayed.

Window => Arrange WindowsWindow => Arrange Windows arranges the windows back to their preset places.

Window => Line Color LegendWindow => Line Color Legend opens the window displaying the line colors used innetworks.

Window => Symbol LegendWindow => Symbol Legend opens a window so that the symbols used in the existingnetwork window can be displayed.

Window => ToolbarWindow => Toolbar enables and disables the toolbar.

Windows socketThe Windows Sockets specification defines a network programming interface for MSWindows NT. See also Berkeleyn sockets.

Open++ Opera v.3.2Index


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Index

A

1, 4, 15, 17, 23, 24, 37, 38, 41, 45, 47, 49, 52, 73, 92, 96, 100alarm color 61Analyze

Back to State Monitoring 5, 54Forecast 57Network and Protection 29, 48, 55Simulation 5, 54Topology 55

annual energy 56authorization group 4automatic functions 29auxiliary network window 4, 10, 12, 23, 47

B

background colors 12, 30, 38, 100binary network file 4, 7, 12, 51border switch 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 53

C

cache memory 38color definitions 12, 13, 17, 24, 29, 30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 46, 48, 49, 55, 61, 67, 71, 78, 81, 94, 100coloring limits 13, 30, 49control pictures 5, 15, 41, 43, 44, 54

D

data forms 19, 20, 46, 52, 88, 96, 97database analysis 2, 92defaults 4, 12, 20, 26, 32, 37, 38, 47, 53, 57, 70, 75, 77, 81, 89directories

DATA 89MAP 39OUTAGE 75

document archive 2, 19, 20, 97

E

earth fault 13, 31, 56, 78Esc key 4, 100

F

F1 key 8Fault

All 75New 77

fault archive 73, 75fault detector 2, 36, 61, 71, 73, 78fault distance 2, 36, 61, 71, 78fault files 74, 76, 89

1MRS 751464-MUM User Manual Open++ Opera v.3.2Index

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fault resistance 33, 56File

Change Line State 46Change Switch State 44, 45Database => Components 105Documents => Attached Files 98Documents => Components 98Map Printing Setup 100Open Scada Pictures 44Print Preview/Map Printing 99Printer Setup 100Read Switching State 55Save Switching State 55Scada Pictures 6

filesexe 4

fileserver 2, 4, 7, 39, 44, 75free data forms 19, 20, 46, 52, 88, 96, 97free database objects 20, 23, 95

G

graphical queries 3, 92

HHelp

About Opera 8Contents and Index 8What's This? 8

Help program 2, 8, 20, 89

I

initialization 1, 2, 12 1, 2

L

LIB 500 1Opera Interface Package 1

licenses 2, 31, 34, 35, 47, 60, 80line colors 12, 24, 41, 81load current 37, 78, 81load data 5, 47, 51, 53, 56load estimation 2, 48, 51, 53, 54, 56, 80load flow 29, 47, 48, 53looped connections 13, 28, 41, 42, 53, 68

M

main network window 4, 11, 12, 15, 24, 28, 47, 61map printing 2, 99maps

raster 2, 100vector 2, 39

measurements 20, 23, 32, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 78message 4, 7, 74



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MicroSCADAcontrol pictures 5, 15, 41, 43, 44, 54LIB 500 1process data 2process objects 41, 43, 45virtual process points 41, 43, 45

1, 2, 4, 41, 45MicroSCADA monitor 4, 44modes 4, 5, 12, 16, 17, 26, 29, 34, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 67, 70, 74, 81, 82, 83MS Access 2, 92, 96MS Windows NT 2, 10

N

network colors 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 24, 29, 30, 37, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, 55, 61, 67, 71, 78, 81, 94network diagrams 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 41, 44, 46, 49, 52, 81, 97, 99network windows 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 23, 24, 28, 47, 61network.dat 4, 7, 12, 51networks

compensated 60looped connections 13, 28, 41, 42, 53, 68neutral isolated 60radially operated 47

neutral isolated network 60

O

opera database 4, 7, 43, 74opera.mdb 4, 7, 43, 74operational simulation 2Operations

Create Sequence 5, 81New Switching Plan 5, 82Open Switching Plan 5, 82Sequence Management 82Start Switching Planning 80Stop Planning 5, 81

optional functions 2overloading 37, 61

P

panning 11printers 20, 83, 100process objects 41, 43, 45protection analysis 2, 47, 55

R

radially operated network 47raster maps 2, 100reclosing unit 77relay data 5, 13, 19relay settings 47, 48, 50, 54, 55restoration 37, 59, 65, 66, 80right mouse button 1, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 20, 55, 97root point coloring 17, 41, 48, 55


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S

schematic network view 2server 2, 4, 7, 39, 44, 75settings 2, 12, 13, 18, 22, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 63, 67, 76, 81,

99Settings

Code Text Colors 18Maps => Outlook 12, 26, 111Network Analysis 3, 31, 34Network Colors 30Network View 27, 29, 30, 31, 34Scada Pictures 44

Simulation Mode 4, 5, 17, 26, 34, 43, 44, 48, 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 67, 70, 74SQL operators 94State Monitoring Mode 4, 5, 12, 16, 26, 29, 43, 47, 50, 54, 57, 70, 81, 83station diagrams 5, 18, 20, 30, 41, 45, 48, 55, 67, 81, 97, 99switching planning 2, 4, 5, 68, 71, 80, 82Switching Planning Mode 4, 5, 81, 82System Description 2, 36, 37, 47, 51, 61, 71, 72, 81

T

topology analysis 29trace function 42, 44True Type fonts 18, 30

U

uncertain lines 13 2

W

warning color 42, 46, 67, 71, 78vector maps 2, 39Velander's factors 32, 56version 8View

Coloring => Detection Ability to Overcurrent Fault 13Coloring => Earth Fault Protection 13Coloring => Line Types 13Coloring => Load Levels 13Coloring => Topology by Feeders 1, 13, 15, 41Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers 1, 13, 41Coloring => Voltages 13Database Queries => Clear Results in Network Window 21, 93Database Queries => Query Info 93Database Queries => Select Nodes in Network Window 95Database Queries => Select Query to Execute 92Find => Clear 18, 44Graphical Database Queries 93Notes => New 25Notes => Show 25Show => MV/LV Station Labels 18Show => Object Types 23, 52Show => Remote Disconnectors 18, 44Show => Substation Labels 16



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Show => Switch Labels 18, 44Show => Transformer Switches 18, 44Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations 14, 18Station Diagram 44

WindowAlarms 14, 42, 49Arrange Windows 10Line Color Legend 24Toolbar 10

virtual process points 41, 43, 45


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ABB Substation Automation Oy

P.O. Box 699FIN-65101 VAASAFinlandTel. +358 10 224 000Fax. +358 10 224 1094www.abb.com/substationautomation

1MR

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UM