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AD-755 643

GARMENTS, OUTER (WET WEATHER)

Ray Rush

Army Test and Evaluation CommandAberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

21 December 1972

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National Technical Information ServiceU. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151

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UNCLASSIFIED -Security Classification

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I URIGINATIN G ACTIVI'rY (Corporate author) 120 REPORT SECURITY C LASS4FICATION

US Army Infantry BoardI UnclassifiedFort Benning, Georgia 31905 2b GROUP

NA3 nEPORT TITLE

U.S. Army Test and Evaluation CommandExpanded Service Test - System Test Operations Procedures "Garments, Oujter (Wet

Weather)"4 DESCRIPTIVE NO"ES (Type of report and inclusive dates)

Final5AUTHO)R(S) (L.*st neme, first name. initial)

Mr. Ray Rush

6 REPORT DATE 7a TOTAL NO OF PAGFS 7b NO OF REFS

21 December 1972 14 I 15Be CONTRACT OR GRANT NO 9a ORIGINATOR'S REPORT NUMtCER(S)

b PROJECT NO TOP 10-3-215

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

I I.UFPL EMENTA.Y NOTES 12 SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY

HeadquartersU.S. Army Test and Evaluation CommandAberdeen Proving Ground, Md. 21005

I, ABSTRACT

Describes a method for evaluation of wet weather clothing operational and func-

tional performance characteristics. Identifies supporting tests, facilities,and equipment required. Provides procedures for preoperational inspection, physi-

cal characteristics, safety, personnel training, functional suitability, dura-bility, reliability, maintainability, human factors, and value analysis.

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NATIONAL TECHNILALINFORMATION SERVICE

U S Deportment of CommerceSpr;ngfield VA 2.151

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14 LINK A LINK B LINK CKEY WORDS

OLE WT ROL W ROLE WT

213 - Clothing222 - Combat Clothing139 - Boots423 - Footwear482 - Handwaar486 - Headgear714 - Overgarments

INSTRUJCTIONS

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U. S. ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMANDEXPANDED SERVICE TEST - SYSTEM TEST OPERATIONS PROCEDURES

AMSTE -RP -702 -109

Test Operations Procedure 10-3-215 21 December 1972

GARMENTS, OUTER (WET WEATHER)

Section I. GENERAL Paragraph PagePurpose and Scope ...... ....... I IBackground ........... .. 2 2

Equipment and Facilitiev ...... 3 2

II. TEST PROCEDURES(4:) Supporting Tests ............ 4 3

III. SUPPLEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONSPreoperational Inspection andPhysical Characteristics ......... 5 5Safety .... ............... .... 6 5Personnel Training ..... ........ 7 5Functional Suitability andCompatibility ..... ........... 8 6

cel Durability and Reliability ....... 9 9Maintainability ...... ......... 10 10Human Factors Engineering ........11 10Value Analysis ............. .... 12 10

APPENDIX. REFERENCES ..... .. .................. ... 12

SECTION I

GENERAL

1. Purpose and Scope.

a. This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) is a guide to assistin the preparation of a plan to support the service test of wet weatherclothing. It identifies common TOP6, military standards, and othersupporting tests which will provide the methodology for determining iftest garments meet the criteria of requirements documents and are suitablefor use by the US Army.

b. These procedures address; (I) preoperational inspection andchecks of the physical characteristics and safety of a test. item, (2) testsfor compatibility, reliability, and maintainability, and (3) an examinationof the human factors and value engineering aspects of wet weather gear.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. ,

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TOP 10-3-215 21 December 1972

c. The tests of this procedure are applicable to the servicetesting of candidate ponchos, headwear, parkas, trousers, iaincoats,handwear, and footwear designed to be worn as an outer layer of clothing,in a temperate climate, for protection against moisture. Certain itemsmay require companion testing in other climatic categories as specifiedin AR 70-38, Research, Development, Test and Evaluation of Materiel forExtreme Climatic Conditions.

2. Background.

a. In 1964, the US Army Combat Developments Command (USACDC)published a report entitled "A Study to Conserve the Energy of theCombat Infantryman." The report rtressed the necessity for reducing

the weight of the load carried by a soldier in combat. As a resultof the study, the Lightweight Individual Combat Clothing and EquipmentQualitative Materiel Requirement (LINCLOE QMR) was established,providing basic characteristics for the development of a varietyof new clothing and equipment.

b. Outer garments to protecL the wearer against rain, snow, andother forms of wet weather were included in the LINCLOE QMR anddevelopers began to produce wet-wear clothing from a number of newmaterials. Products such as polyurethane, neoprene, and polyvinylwere used to coat lightweight nylons and cottons, producing a garmentmuch lighter than existing items. Se.eral of these, notably, a neoprene-coated nylon parka and trousers, a polyvinyl choride plastic-coatedcotton glovre, and a unicellular blown polyvinyl chloride molded overshoeis being subjected to expanded service testing. These procedures willprovide basic methodology for examining wet-weather garments judged readyfor service testing.

3. Equipment and Facilities.

a. Equipment.

(I) Test item.

(2) Control item (if used).

(3) Weighing scales.

(4) Measuring equipment.

(5) Photographic equipment.

(6) Meteorologicai instruments.

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21 December 1972 TOP 10-3-215

(7) First aid and safety equipment.

(8) Communications equipment.

(9) Tactical vehicles, air and ground.

(10) Other items required by referenced Counnon iOPf.

b. Facilities.

(1) Suitable field area for tactical exercises.

(2) Clothing and Equipment Test Facility (CETF).

(3) Quick-fire range.

(4) Classroom, office, and storage space.

SECTION II

TEST PROCEDURES

4. Supporting Tests.

a. Although the test procedures are desribed in successive paragraphs,some may overlap or be conducted concurrently. The subtests are designedso as to allow an opportunity to tailor a plan to the precise characteristicsand requirements of a specific item and the state-of-the-art and methodologyat the time and place of testing.

b. Data must be obtained in sufficient quantities to support validconclusions. These objectives may 'e constrained by limited numbers oftest and/or control items. limited time for testing; or shortages offunds, manpower, or support facilities. To identify the best means ofsecuring meaningful data within the limitations imposed, the test officershould utilize available statistical and human factors expertise. Thestatistician can assist in selecting an overall experimental pattern ord.sign and helping to fix requirements such as the number of test soldiersrequired, the number of items to be tested, and the number of repetitionsrequired of specific operations. Human factors representatives willsupply guidance toward the development ana presentation of questionnaires,techniques of interviewing, and the human factors input needed in plans,procedures, and reports. Additional statistical guidance may be obtainedfrom TOP 3-1-002, Confidence Intervals and Sample Size.

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TOP 10-3-215 21 December 1972

c. The maintenance of a log book for entering pertinent commentsand observations, met. orological data, times, comparisons, and otherspecific and applicable information will aid in the collation of testdata to support findings. Photography, motion pictures, charts, graphs,and other pictorial or graphic supplements should be used when appropriate.

d. Valuable data can be accumulated throughout the course of test-ing 1,y comparing the test item with a standard or contrrl item. Normally,the control garment will be selected from the current inventory and willbe related as close, characteristically, to the candidate test clothingas possible. To aid in obtaining a fair comparison, the control itemshould be new or near-new condition and should be subjected to the samefitting, use, aid maintenance standards as those imposed upon the testgarment.

e. Common Service TOP's, the tests defined in Section III, andother published documents to be considered in formulating an EST planare listed in the reference appendix or below:

TEST SJBJECT TITLE PUBLICATION NO.

(1) Preoperational Inspection and 10-3-500Physical Characteristics

(refer to Para 5)

(2) (refer to paia 6) 10-3-507

(3) Personnel Training 10-3-501

(refer to para 7)

(4) Functional Suitability andCompatibility (refer to para 8)

(5) Durability/Reliability 10-3-502

(refer to para 9)

(6) Maintainability 10-3-W04

(refer to para 10)

(7) Human Factors Engineering 10-3-505(refer to para 11)

(8) Value Analysis(refer to para 12)

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21 December 1972 TOP 10-3-215

SECTION III

SUPPLEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONS

5. Preoperational Inspection and Physical Characteristics.

a. The applicable proced.res of TOP 10-3-500, subject as above,should be performed to (1) verify the completeness of the test garment,(2) compare its physical characteristics with the criteria stated inthe appropriate requirements documents, and (3) determine that thecandidate test items are in a serviceable condition and suitable forsubsequent testing.

b. In collecting data to support test findings, it is importantto isolate the when and where of events in addition to the ultimatejudgment of what resulted. A ahortcoming or failure, attributed to themechanics of testing, may have actually originated as a fault of inadequateproduct control during manufacturing, poor handling or shipping practices,or pretest de-erioration. Any such substandard condition, if in exists,must be discovered during this preliminary phase, identified, and properlyrecorded if subsequent test reports are to be credible.

I 6. safety.

a. The appropriate procedures of TOP 10-3-507, Safety, should be appliedto determine the effectiveness of the safety features which may be incor-porated in the design of the test article and to confirm all safety measuresassociated with the conduct of the expanded service test.

b. Safety will be considered throughout the conduct of the service testand, to the extent possible, will be evaluated concurrently with or as anadjunct to other subtests. The safety area of concern applies to the exist-ing and potential hazards of the test itein itself and to its relation to anycombination of items with which it may be used. Particular note will be givento the verification of safety limitations and compilation of data relevent tothe safety confirmation required by TECOM Reg 385-6, Verification of Safetyof Materiel During Testing.

7. Personnel Training.

a. This subtest should be conducted in accordance with the applicableprocedures of TOP 10-3-501, Operator Training and Familiarization, todetermine the adequacy of the program of instruction proposed for testgarment familiarization, and to orient test personnel with the scope, objectives,and mechanics of the EST.

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TOP 10-3-215 21 December 1972

b. To minimize bias and achieve a higher degree of validity duringcomparison tests, sufficient training wilibe conducted with the testwet-weather garment to produce a test soldier equally familiar with bothtest and control items.

c. Test soldiers should be selected as representative of the userpopulation. Generally, participants will represent the 5th through 95thpercencile in height, weight, and body configuration as idertified in theapplicable portions of Military Stamudard 1472A, Human Engineering DesignCriteria. Additionally, left-handers and eyeglass-wearers should berepresented.

8. Functional Suitabil!ty/Compatibility.

a. Objectives. The objectives of this supporting test are to determine(1) the degree to which the test garment provides adequate wet weatherprotection to a soldier performing combat and combat related tasks, and(2) whether the test item meets the criteria stated in the applicablerequirements documents,

b. Method,

(I) A substantial portion of the planned subtests will be con-ducted during the range of adverse environmental conditions which occurnaturally during the course of a service test. Schedules must be sufficient-ly flexible to permit taking timely advantage of periods of precipitationand high humidity. Specific plans will be made to include designated stateof test equipment readiness and test personnel to be on call in onder totake advantage of wet weather occurring during the test period. Whennaturally occurring wet weather is insufficient to satisfy requirements,field expedients may be used to simulate required conditions, e.g.,sprinklers, water hoses.

(2) Each test soldier should be issued a test garment and acontrol item fitted to the individual in accordance with applicableinstructions, The wet weather gear will thcn be exposed to the elementswhile being worn by test soldiers participating in a series of exerciseswhich should include the following:

(a) Infantry oriented tactical field exercises conductedin wet weather to test the protection provided by the wet weather gear,and to evaluate its compatibility with the combat related tasks ofthe soldier as he participates in:

1. The preparation of a field fortification area(day and night).

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21 December 1972 TOP 10-3-215

2. Navigating cross-country (day and night),

3. An assembly, attack, assault-phased exercise.

4. Patrolling, foot and motorized (day and night).

(b) Tactical field exercises requiring the use of trackedcombat vehicles; e.g., tanks or armored personnel carriers.

(c) Crew served weapon drills appropriate to:

1. Mortars.

2. Machine guns.

3. Missiles.

4. Recoilless weapons.

5. Artillery.

(d) A motor march (20 miles or more) in various tacticaland administrative vehicles over primary, secondary, and unimprovedroutes. Freauent mounting and dismounting should be required.

(e) A foot march (5 miles or more).

(f) Range firing to include a quick fire course with abasic small arm.

(g) Traversing an obstacle course.

(h) Air mobile suitabilitv. On and off-locding exercisesusing helicopters on the ground with engines running, and helicoptershovering 4-6 feet above grouiud.

(3) Te3t soldiers should have equal opportunity to wear bothtest and control wet weather garments during the conduct of the aboveexercises. A credible comparison can only be obtained if the testsoldier can experience the influence each garment has on the accomplish-ment of his assigned tasks under similar conditions and requirements.

(4) Field testing and selected range firing exercises shouldbe integrated to the maximum extent feasible with appropriate tacticalexercises selected from TOP 1-1-046, Field Combat Test Exercises.

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TOP 10-3-215 21 December 1972

(5) The comments and observations of test participants shouldbe solicited by means of personal interview and questionnaires tailoredto each appropriate exercise. Questionnaires should be prepared andadministered in accordance with basic human factors principles incoordination with available human factors personnel.

(6) A Clothing and Equipment Test Facility (CETF) located atFort Benning, Georgia and operated by the Infantry Board will provideexcellent compatibility-with-tasks data. The instrumented CETFshould be utilized if possible but many of its stress-producing exer-cises are suitable for adaptation at other locales if access to theBenning facility is not feasible. (See Appendix B, TOP 1-1-046, FieldCombat Test Exercises.)

c. Data Required.

The comments and observations related to the wet-weather pro-tection provided by the test and control items during the conduct oftactical exercises and other tests conducted during the course of theservice test should be recorded. The data should include:

(I) Type of exercise undertaken.

(2) Weather conditions experienced during the exercise.

(3) Degree of protection against wet weather provided by testand control garments when worn under like conditions.

(4) Relative wear comfort, test and control items.

(5) Influence of garment on soldier mobility.

(6) Compatibility of garment with the tasks undertaken by thesoldier.

(7) Ease of fitting, donning, and doffing.

(8) Mean times, where the influence of the test and controlitems on soldiers tasks is measurable.

(9) Results of questionnaires used.

(10) CETF results.

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21 December 1972 TOP 10-3-215

d. Analytical Plan.

(1) A subjective analysis of data assembled as a results ofcomments, observations, interviews, and/or questionnaire results shouldbe prepared.

(2) An appropriate statistical analysis of the measures ofeffectiveness examined to determine any significant difference betweentest and control items, or test items and requirements criteria shouldbe conducted. This analysis should include:

(a) Relative protection afforded.

(b) Relative comfort provided.

(c) Mean times in time-measurable areas.

(d) Accuracy and distance measurements (from CETF results).

(3) A cumulative judgment narrati-e should indicate whetherthe test wet weather garment shows evidence of protection and com-patibility less than, equal to, or greater than the same qualitiesfound in the control item and the criteria expressed in the applicablerequirements documents.

9. Durability and Reliability.

a. The applicable procedures of TOP 10-3-502, Durability, shouldbe performed to determine the degree to which the test item will survivea projected service life and provide adequate wet weather protection fora epecified time under stated conditions.

b. The characteristic of item durability will be evaluated duringthe course of a service test by conducting a trial wear period of sui-ficent duration to develop a history of test garment deterioration,degradation, and maintenance requirements under conditions representativeof those the item will be subjected to in a user environment. Theextent and duration of this accelerated wear period will be determinedby the specific durability criteria expressed in the applicable require-ments documents.

c. Upon completion of all tests, the candidate wet weather garmentshould be carefully examined for evidence to support a reliability/serviceability judgment. The number of serviceable items, compared to

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TOP 10-3-215 21 December 1972

the total items tented, will provide pertinent data. Overall durability/reliabiiity will be evaluated by examining failures, where a failure isdefined as any weal'ness or discrepancy that renders the wet weather gar-ment less than fully functienal or otherwise incapable of protecting awearer from moisture.

10. Maintainability,

a. The applicable procedures of TOP 10-3-R' iaintenance Evaluawill be applied to (1) determine if the instrvt_ -: for use that accom-panies the test garment are adequate, (2) compare the relative maintenancerequired of test and control items, and (3) compare actual maintenancerequirements with those stated in the appropriate requirements documents.

b. Maintenance requirements will be examined throughout the conductof the service test. Each scheduled and unscheduled maintenance functionshould be performed by appropriate personnel with tools designated aadprocedures prescribed in the maintenance package.

11. Human Factors Engineering.

a. The applicable procedures of TOP 10-3-505, Human FactorsEvaluation, should be performed to determine if the test item meetshuman factors requirements stated in requirements documents, is suitedfor service in acuordaiLee with basic human factors principles, and towhat degree the test garment meets with troop approvai.

b. Throughout the course of the service teit, date related to soldieracceptance, degradation of performance, and compatib!Ity of the test itemwith soldier skills, aptitudes, and limitations will be noted, recorded,and evaluated.

12. Value Analysis.

a. Objective. To identify potential areas for a subsequent valueengineering effort by the developer.

b. Method. During all subtests, note will be made of any unnecessaryor costly test item features that might be eliminated or modified with-out compromising the effectiveness of the test garment.

c. Data Required. Comments, observations, and reports related tothe identification of potential areas for an appropriate value engineeringre-evaluation.

d. Analytical Plan. Data obtained should be analyzed and a recom-mendation for further developer improvement when applicable. Narrativeshould be supported with pictorial or graphic illustration when appropriat2.

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21 December 1972 TOP 10-3-215

Recommended changes to this publication should be forwarded toCommanding General, US Army Test and EvaluaLion Command, ATTN:AMSTE-ME, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005. Technical infor-mation relatod to this publication may be obtained from US ArmyInfantry Board, ATTN: STEBC-MO-M, Fort Benning, Georgia 31905.Additional copies of this document are available from the DefenseDocumentation Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.his document is identified by the accession number (AD No) printed

on the first page.

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TOP 10-3-215 21 December 1972

APPENDIX

REFERENCES

1. AR 70-10, Research and D velopment, Teat and Evaluation DuringDevelopment and Acquisition of Materiel.

2. AR 70-38, Research, Development, Test and Evaluation of Materiel

for Extreme Climatic Conditions.

3. TECOM Reg 70-23, Equipment Performance Reports.

4. TECOM Reg 70-24, Documenting Test Plans and Reports.

5. TECOM Reg 70-34, Risk Analysis for Suitability Reports.

6. TECOM Reg 385-6, Verification of Safety of Materiel During Testing.

7. TECOM Reg 700-1, Value Engineering.

8. ' ECOM Reg 750-15, Maintenance Evaluation During Testing.

9. TOP 1-1-008, Tropic Environmental Considerations.

10. TOP 1-1-012, Classification of Deficiencies and Shortcomings.

II. TOP 1-1-045, General Supplies and Equipment Testing.

12. TOP 1-1-046, Field Combat Test Exercises.

13. TOP 3-1-002, Confidence Levels and Sample Size.

14. TM 10-228, Fitting of Footwear.

15. Military Standard 1472A, Human Engineering Design Criteria.

V.

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