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DIRECTION TECHNIQUE CERTIFICATION
SL2008-05 UAV Specificities EASA Workshop 080201.ppt
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A Point of View of an Aircraft Manufacturer A Point of View of an Aircraft Manufacturer on UAV Certification & Operationon UAV Certification & Operation
EASA UAV WorkshopParis February 1st 2008
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Plan of the PresentationPlan of the Presentation
1. UAV SPECIFICITIESUAV SAFETY OBJECTIVE SPECIFICITY
UAV COLLISION AVOIDANCE SPECIFICITY
UAV COMMUNICATION SPECIFICITY
2. REMINDER OF HIGH LEVEL GROUP RECOMMENDATIONS
3. CONCLUSIONS
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UAV Safety Objective SpecificityUAV Safety Objective Specificity
SAFETY OBJECTIVESAircraft safety objectives are mainly oriented by the onboard people safety
As UAVs have no onboard people Aircraft safety objectives can no longer be directly reusedTherefore the protection of on-ground people is becoming the main objectiveSafety Objectives to be determined providing the appropriate safety level
OPERATIONS IN "GENERAL AIR TRAFFIC"As UAV safety objectives are addressing the safety of on-ground populations
UAVs whatever their status ("Civil" or "State" one) must have the same safety objectivesAll UAVs flying over Europe will have to be in agreement with these safety objectives
An agreement between FAA & EASA on these safety objectives is key for worldwide UAV operations
Later these safety objectives will have to be recognized at the ICAO level
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UAV Collision Avoidance SpecificityUAV Collision Avoidance Specificity
SAFETY OF COLLISION AVOIDANCEToday based on the pilot capacity to avoid the collision ("see & avoid" principle)
NEW METHOD FOR SEPARATION & COLLISION AVOIDANCEIt is suggested to use a "1309" approach :
A method where collision risk is defined by safety objectives and validated by safety analysis
With such a method, no longer any need to compare "see & avoid " to "sense and avoid"The proposed system will have to be certified in agreement with its requirements
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UAV Communication SpecificityUAV Communication Specificity
ATC PILOT COMMUNICATION LINKUAV will be controlled by the pilot from "ground station"
"Terrestrial links" may have to be considered (a safer way compared to radio link)
It's also the possibility to provide UAV pilot with the ATC tactical situation
UAV CONTROL LINKUntil certification of fully autonomous UAVs, UAVs will request specific control link
This requirement has to be considered by the aeronautical communities(frequency allocation, minimum bandwidth, integrity, continuity of service…)
UAV & ATCUAVs as the other airspace users might have some specific operational constraints
(Speed, altitude, rate of turn,…) These constraints have to be considered
UAVs as new users should benefit of a specific ATC treatment during “introduction” periodThis will provide other airspace users with more confidence in UAV behavior
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As a ReminderAs a ReminderHigh Level group Recommendations"High Level group Recommendations"
" GREATER RESPONSIBILITY TO INDUSTRYInvolve industry more systematically in the rulemaking process for the aviation system".
"BETTER REGULATIONApply the principles of Better Regulation, avoiding over-regulation and undertaking full
impact assessments and consultation"
"DELIVER CONTINUOUS IMPROVING SAFETYEmpower EASA as the single EU instruments for aviation safety regulation"
"AIRSPACE USERSAll users require equitable and non-discriminatory access to infrastructure and services"
Report of the Report of the High Level GroupHigh Level Group
for the futurefor the futureEuropean AviationEuropean Aviation
Regulatory FrameworkRegulatory Framework
July 2007
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ConclusionsConclusions
WE ARE IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD UAV will exist if their Business Models are cost effective
European Industry must have the opportunity to play an active role in UAV developments
A NEW APPROACH OF AIRCRAFT COLLISION RISK HAS TO BE CONSIDERED
BLINDLY APPLYING MANNED CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS WOULD LEAD INDUSTRY TO UNNECESSARY ECONOMIC ISSUES
Safety objectives as weight limits quantitative values contained into the manned CS cannot be blindly reused for UAV certification
FURTHER ANALYSES ARE NEEDED BEFORE EASA FINAL POSITION ON UAV