direction of technical and vocational education and ... · 14th unesco-apeid international...

14th UNESCO-APEID International Conference

Education for Human Resource Development

Direction of Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Green Growth

22 Oct. 2010, Bangkok, Thailand

Prof. Dr. Dae-Bong Kwon

President of KRIVET(Korea Research Institute for Vocational Educating & Training)

Korea Research Institute for

Vocational Educating & Training

Contents

I. What does Green Growth mean to us?

II. Green Economy & Sustainable Development

III. Human Resources for Green Growth

1. Green Jobs

2. HRD for Green Growth Era

IV. Policy Implications of TVET for Green Growth

1. Establishment of infrastructure for green job creation

2. TVET for green jobs in Korea

3. Directions of TVET for Green Growth

I. What does Green Growth

mean to us?


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Green growth

Green growth is gaining support as a way to pursue

economic growth and development, while preventing

environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and

unsustainable natural resource use. (OECD, 2010)

Quantitative

Growth

Qualitative

Growth



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Transition to a low-carbon economy as a response to

global climate change.

Promoting

economic growth

and development

Reducing pollution

and greenhouse gas

emissions

Maintaining bio-

diversityMinimizing waste and

inefficient use of

natural resources



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Green Economy

- An economy that results in improved human well-being

and reduced inequalities over the long term. (UNEP, 2010)

- An economy or economic development model based on

sustainable development



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Sustainable Development

- Development that meets the needs of the present,

maintaining the ability of future generations to meet their

own needs. (UN ‘Brundtland Report’, 1987)

- Environment, Economy, Societal equity

II. Green Economy &

Sustainable Development


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The recent global financial and economic crisis has

raised questions about the validity of the prevailing

economic paradigm

“Green Economy, as an alternative future out of the

crisis” (UNESCO, 2010)

“The shift towards a green economy requires education

for sustainable development” (UN, 2009)



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<11 sectors of the Green Economy>

AgricultureAgriculture is the largest contributor to GDP in many developing

countries and employs an estimated 1.3 billion workers globally.

BuildingsBuildings are responsible for over 40% of the world’s total

primary energy consumption.

Cities Cities are where more than half of today’s world population lives.

EnergyEnergy renewables supply nearly 15% of the world’s primary

energy demand, a share that needs to double by 2050 in a

Green Economy scenario.

FisheriesFisheries currently deliver annual profits to fishing enterprises

worldwide of about $8 billion, and support 170 million jobs and

$35 billion in fishing household income a year.

ForestsForests are being cleared or degraded at a rapid rate because of

overharvesting and pressure from other land uses.


Source: UNEP(2008). “Green Economy Report: A Preview”

Manufac-

turing

Manufacturing consumes one-third of the global energy supply,

emits a quarter of the total world greenhouse gas emissions.

TourismTourism focuses on how investments in sustainable tourism

solutions can contribute to the sustainable development.

TransportTransport costs, which can add up to nearly or over 10% of a

country’s GDP, are likely to grow further under the current trends

of ever-increasing motorization.

WasteSolid waste services consume up to 2% of GDP in developing

countries and up to 50% of cities’ administrative budgets.

WaterWater scarcity is becoming a global phenomenon that will

challenge the future of nations.

Source: UNEP(2008). “Green Economy Report: A Preview”


III. Human Resources

for Green Growth


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1. Green Jobs


Green Jobs are defined as positions in agriculture,

manufacturing, R&D, administrative and service activities

aimed at alleviating the myriad environmental threats

faced by humanity. (UNEP / ILO / ITUC, 2008)

1. Green Jobs



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Green employment is not limited to

high-end skills.

In both developing and industrialized countries there is increasing need of "green collar training" in a broad range of occupations.

It is important to ensure that green industries and workplaces do not face a shortage of adequately trained workers.



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★ Two Main Purposes of HRD in Green Growth

Understanding the concept of green growth both at the individual and community levels- Semantic training from the beginning of school education

- Cultivating of green minded human resources

- Values of green products buying and consuming

Developing human resources as green industrial experts

- To make available of human resources pool in green industries




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★ Five strategic actions of HRD for

green industries

Establishment of the master plan

Projection and analysis of the green market

Analysis of green job trend in green economy

Development of education and training programs

Development of qualification and evaluation system for

green industry experts



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IV. Policy Implications of TVET

for Green Growth


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1. Establishment of infrastructure for green jobs



◊ The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) has estimated that US$ 200-210 billion

will go annually by 2030.

◊ The World Bank has estimated annual costs in developing

countries will be between $9 and $41 billion.


One of the most important drivers of green jobs is the substantial increase in investment.

(UNEP 2008)

1. Establishment of infrastructure for green jobs


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★ Investment

While private companies have an important role to play in

terms of green job creation, their risk and profit appraisal does

not necessarily match response to the climate change.

A range of barriers to a breakthrough in climate change

mitigation can be removed through government action.

Public policies on regulation, energy subsidies and

information have a central role to play. (UNDP, 2008)



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★ Role of the Government

Plan to establish ecological town with eco-friendly

residence, buildings, landscaping can create green jobs in

the fields of design, installation, and repairing engineering.

Plan for environment-friendly tourism can bring up job

creation in the fields of green lodging industry, local special

production, and tour guide.

Incentives from government for purchasing green

products can promote the enlargement of investment into

the green products creating of green jobs.



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★ KOREAN CASE

Policy plans to create green jobs by Korean Government (Green Growth Committee, 2009)


To promote the linkage between green growth

and green job creation

To develop the green labor market information system

To improve the work environment in green jobs

To support the employment in green industries


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Transition from traditional industries to green industries

Human resources reflecting the needs of local green

industries

VET centers and programs for green jobs

Development of the Korea National Qualification System

for green jobs



★ Policy plans to expand TVET for green jobs

by Korean Government (Green Growth Committee, 2009)


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Important role of TVET

To provide specialized training for the highly qualified

employees of green industries

To promote the incremental innovation from traditional

industries to green industries providing motivations,

knowledge and skills

To bring green employment

Increase investment into training and skills

development as well as creating green jobs




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Several needs to accomplish TVET for Green Growth

Promote awareness regarding benefit from green industries

Incorporate green related training component

Develop training programs for managerial staff

Develop training programs for engineers and technicians



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Thank you very much !

Korea Research Institute for


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