difference in the reaction to stimuli between chinese and

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Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci. Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan 46 Difference in the Reaction to Stimuli between Chinese and Japanese: An Effect of National Identity Yoshinori ADACHI 1 , Yukiko SASAYAMA 2 and Kazuhide UESUGI 3 1 Chubu University (Kasugai, Japan) 2 Seinan Jo Gakuin University (Kokura, Japan) 3 Kumamoto National College (Kumamoto, Japan) Abstract: Many reports have noted that individuals react to stimuli differently. 1-10) We also thought reaction is different depending on national identity, so we compared the responses of Chinese students and Japanese students to various stimuli. We examined stimuli for the visual system, auditory system, motor system, and brain system and analyzed the results of the LF/HF value which is a stress index, and the wavelet coefficients strength diagram. We clearly found differences which appear to arise from the national identity. Keywords: stimuli, stress, LF/HF, wavelet analysis, FFT 1. Introduction It is sometimes said that "Japanese common sense is nonsense to others." In other words, what is reasonable for Japanese may sometimes be stressful to non-Japanese. And vice versa, what is reasonable for non-Japanese may sometimes be stressful to Japanese. Differences in the culture and the environment in which a person is raised (referred to as national property) may have an influence on the reaction to stimuli. Such things may also be the cause of cultural friction. In this study, we examined the response to stimuli by Chinese and Japanese students, and in addition to personal difference, we investigated whether any differences are derived from the differences in the national identity. 2. Experimental method There were eight subjects: four Chinese university students (Subject A, a 26-year-old man with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 1; Subject B, a 24-year- old man with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 2; Subject C, a 25-year-old woman with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 2; Subject D, a 25-year-old woman with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 2) and four Japanese university students (Subjects E, F, G, and H, all 21-22-year-old women). The following stimuli were used. Visual system: subjects looked at periodically flashing lights for Yoshinori ADACHI, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 JAPAN, Phone: +81-568-51-1111 FAX: +81-568-52-1505, E-mail: [email protected] 2minutes. 378 red LEDs that flashed at 6Hz were placed in a black board of 18cm x 21cm. Auditory system: subjects listened to two types of music for 3 minutes each; quiet music, “A comme amour” or “Canon in D major” and lively music, “You give love a bad name” or “Needled 24/7”. Motor system: foot-up stimulation, subjects held one leg extended and horizontal to the floor for 2 minutes. Brain system: the Chinese subjects watched different types of movie scenes for 5 minutes; a comedy, Mr. Bean in “The hairdresser” and a horror movie “JUON”. For “JUON” - that saw scenes of a hand of a child coming out of a chest in sealed locked room, or of a child standing behind in a mirror image, or black milk pouring out from newly opened milk carton. Additionally, they read a story written in classical Chinese (Three Kingdoms) and a Japanese newspaper story describing the press conference held by McDonald's about contamination of some meals served at their restaurants, each for 2 minutes. The Japanese students read a cartoon for 5 minutes and read an English-language newspaper story for 2 minutes. Reference system: rest, subjects sat in a chair with the eyes closed for 2 minutes as a reference. We measured reaction to the stimuli using the pulse wave of a fingertip. We used the BACS advance (made by TAOS Laboratories) to measure the pulse wave for the left hand index finger. Analysis was performed by FFT and wavelet analysis of time series data of the RR interval, LF/HF value and the wavelet coefficients strength diagram was obtained and studied. 3. Experimental results Because of familiarity with Buddhist ideology,

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Page 1: Difference in the Reaction to Stimuli between Chinese and

Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

46

Difference in the Reaction to Stimuli between Chinese and Japanese:

An Effect of National Identity

Yoshinori ADACHI1, Yukiko SASAYAMA2 and Kazuhide UESUGI3

1 Chubu University (Kasugai, Japan) 2 Seinan Jo Gakuin University (Kokura, Japan)

3 Kumamoto National College (Kumamoto, Japan)

Abstract: Many reports have noted that individuals react to stimuli differently.1-10) We also thought reaction is different depending on national identity, so we compared the responses of Chinese students and Japanese students to various stimuli. We examined stimuli for the visual system, auditory system, motor system, and brain system and analyzed the results of the LF/HF value which is a stress index, and the wavelet coefficients strength diagram. We clearly found differences which appear to arise from the national identity. Keywords: stimuli, stress, LF/HF, wavelet analysis, FFT

1. Introduction It is sometimes said that "Japanese common sense is nonsense to others." In other words, what is reasonable for Japanese may sometimes be stressful to non-Japanese. And vice versa, what is reasonable for non-Japanese may sometimes be stressful to Japanese. Differences in the culture and the environment in which a person is raised (referred to as national property) may have an influence on the reaction to stimuli. Such things may also be the cause of cultural friction. In this study, we examined the response to stimuli by Chinese and Japanese students, and in addition to personal difference, we investigated whether any differences are derived from the differences in the national identity.

2. Experimental method There were eight subjects: four Chinese university students (Subject A, a 26-year-old man with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 1; Subject B, a 24-year-old man with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 2; Subject C, a 25-year-old woman with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 2; Subject D, a 25-year-old woman with the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Level 2) and four Japanese university students (Subjects E, F, G, and H, all 21-22-year-old women). The following stimuli were used. Visual system: subjects looked at periodically flashing lights for Yoshinori ADACHI, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 JAPAN, Phone: +81-568-51-1111 FAX: +81-568-52-1505, E-mail: [email protected]

2minutes. 378 red LEDs that flashed at 6Hz were placed in a black board of 18cm x 21cm. Auditory system: subjects listened to two types of music for 3 minutes each; quiet music, “A comme amour” or “Canon in D major” and lively music, “You give love a bad name” or “Needled 24/7”. Motor system: foot-up stimulation, subjects held one leg extended and horizontal to the floor for 2 minutes. Brain system: the Chinese subjects watched different types of movie scenes for 5 minutes; a comedy, Mr. Bean in “The hairdresser” and a horror movie “JUON”. For “JUON” - that saw scenes of a hand of a child coming out of a chest in sealed locked room, or of a child standing behind in a mirror image, or black milk pouring out from newly opened milk carton. Additionally, they read a story written in classical Chinese (Three Kingdoms) and a Japanese newspaper story describing the press conference held by McDonald's about contamination of some meals served at their restaurants, each for 2 minutes. The Japanese students read a cartoon for 5 minutes and read an English-language newspaper story for 2 minutes. Reference system: rest, subjects sat in a chair with the eyes closed for 2 minutes as a reference. We measured reaction to the stimuli using the pulse wave of a fingertip. We used the BACS advance (made by TAOS Laboratories) to measure the pulse wave for the left hand index finger. Analysis was performed by FFT and wavelet analysis of time series data of the RR interval, LF/HF value and the wavelet coefficients strength diagram was obtained and studied.

3. Experimental results Because of familiarity with Buddhist ideology,

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47Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

switching between the static and dynamic may be easy for the Japanese. On the other hand, it may be difficult for the Chinese because the Buddhist culture has been denied for almost XXX years. In Figs. 1 and 2, the results when resting (reference system) for Chinese and Japanese students are compared. In Fig. 1, the LF/HF values and heart rate are shown by

bar graph. Although there was little difference in heart rate, LF/HF values of the Japanese subjects was smaller. In Fig. 2, the Morlet Wavelet (4, 16) coefficient strengths (upper part represents HF, the bottom LF) are shown. Two of the Chinese subjects seemed not to be in a relaxed state. The active Chinese subjects might not have experienced a resting state.

Then in Fig. 3, the responses to blinking red LED lights are compared. The same tendency as resting was confirmed in the Chinese subjects (two did not seem to be relaxed). Meanwhile, the Japanese subjects seemed not to have obtained much pleasure from a mere mechanical rhythm. Reaction from both groups of subjects for quiet music and lively music as the auditory stimulation showed the same tendency overall. For the motor system stimulus (foot-up) foot-up again, both groups showed a similar tendency overall.

Reactions to the comedy and horror movies scenes by the Chinese subjects had almost no change. Since humor and fear are subject to cultural influences, we think that cultural differences are reflected in these reactions. Fig. 4 compares the results for the brain system stimuli. Japanese subjects could relax watching the comedy but they were nervous watching the horror movie, the results of Chinese subjects were contrasting.

Also for the brain system, the results are shown in Figs. 5 (a) and (b) when the story written in classical Chinese and the Japanese newspaper story were given as stimuli

Fig. 1 Comparison of LF/HF and heart rate (HR) between Chinese and Japanese students for the reference system (rest state).

Subject E Subject F Subject G Subject H

Subject A Subject B Subject C Subject D

Fig. 2 Comparison of map of Wavelet coefficients for the reference system (rest state).

HF

LF

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Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

48

for the Chinese subjects, and in Figs. 5 (c) when the English-language newspaper was given as stimulus for the Japanese subjects. When the Chinese subjects were reading, the images were very similar indicating similar reactions were occurring. Even though Chinese is the subjects’ native language, classic Chinese might be almost

a foreign language, the same as Japanese. On the other hand, the reaction when the Japanese subjects read the English-language newspaper was relatively relaxed. After years of English education, we think tension when reading it is relaxed.

Subject A Subject B Subject C Subject D

Subject E Subject F Subject G Subject H

Fig. 3 Comparison of map of wavelet coefficients for periodical LED blinking.

Subject A Subject B Subject C Subject D (a) Comedy

Subject A Subject B Subject C Subject D (b) Horror

Fig. 4 Comparison of reaction to comedy and horror scenes for Chinese subjects.

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49Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

In Figs. 6 and 7, the reactions to various stimuli are shown as two ratios at rest: the ratio of LF/HF in Fig. 6 and the ratio of the heart rate in Fig. 7. From Fig. 6, we understand that LF/HF values under stimulation and under rest were very different. In particular, for Japanese subjects the LF/HF values by flashing light and foot-up became large. Only when viewing the comedy scene, were all subjects able to relax more than at rest. Some of the Chinese subjects were able to relax during the stimuli of blinking lights and watching a horror movie. However, reading classical Chinese and reading Japanese gave the same tension, and the stimuli of watching the comedy movie and the foot-up also gave the same tension. Music has been found to have a relaxing effect for both classical music and rock music. In Fig. 7, all Chinese subjects showed the same variations of heart rate. We can easily guess the foot up and classical Chinese and Japanese news reading caused heart rate increase. But in the music stimulation, we

were surprised the heart rate increased as opposed to the LF/HF values. However, this trend was the same for Japanese subjects. For Japanese subjects, it was the same trend with foot-up and the English newspaper reading, in other cases, it differed for each individual, and diversity of the heart rate variability was observed.

4. Conclusion

We examined differences in the reactions of Chinese and Japanese subjects to different kinds of stimuli. We found the Chinese subjects were not tensed by watching horror movie scenes and they were not relaxed by watching comedy scenes, either. This was completely opposite the behavior of Japanese subjects, and we considered it reflected the cultural environment. In addition, the resting state was a state that could be relaxing for the Japanese subjects, but for the active Chinese subjects it was not necessarily the case. On the contrary,

Subject A Subject B Subject C Subject D (a) Classical Chinese

Subject A Subject B Subject C Subject D (b) Japanese news

Subject E Subject F Subject G Subject H (c) English newspaper

Fig. 5 Comparison of foreign language reading.

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Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

50

periodic blinking light was a relaxing stimulus for the Chinese subjects, but it was a stimulus and caused tension for the Japanese. Music was the stimulus that gave the relaxed state to both groups. In particular, quiet music (classical music) was more effective. Since this study had a very limited number of subjects, it is necessary to consider more subjects in the future.

References 1) Aoki T. and Adachi Y.: Influence of Jasmine Fragrance on

Heartbeat Fluctuation, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 24(1), pp.121-123, 2006.

2) Adachi Y., Aoki T., and Suzuki S.: Influence of Three Kinds of Stimuli on Pulse Wave Shape - Music, Flashing light, and Perfume -, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 26(1), pp.99-102, 2008.

3) Aoki T., Adachi Y., and Suzuki S.: Influence of Periodically Flashing Light Stimulation on Heartbeat Fluctuation and Pyodoraku Electrodermal Activities, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 26(1), pp.89-93, 2008.

4) Adachi Y., Aoki T., and Suzuki S.: Analysis of a Pulse Wave

Fractal under Various Stimulations, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 27(1), pp. 55-58, 2009.

5) Aoki T., Adachi Y., Suzuki S.; Influence of Music Stimulation on Heartbeat Fluctuation, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 27(1), pp. 48-51, 2009.

6) Adachi Y.: Change in Relaxation Level by Various Stimuli, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 29(1), pp.82-84, 2011.

7) Adachi Y.: Chaotic Analysis of Biological Reactions Originating from Various Stimuli, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 30(1), pp. 61-65, 2012.

8) Adachi Y. and Sasayama Y.: Characterization of Various Stimuli with Fingertip Pulse Waves, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 32(1), pp. 64-69, 2014.

9) Adachi Y.: Measurement of Time-Dependent Stress Levels by Wavelet Analysis, IIAI-AAI, pp. 948-953, 2014.

10) Adachi Y., Sasayama Y., and Uesugi K.: Wavelet analysis of the pulse waveform change due to three types of stimuli, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 33(1), pp. 53-58, 2015.

(a) Chinese subjects (b) Japanese subjects

Fig. 6 LF/HF ratios for various stimuli.

(a) Chinese subjects (b) Japanese subjects

Fig. 7 HR ratios for various stimuli.

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51Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

䞭囜人ず日本人の刺激に察する反応の違い (Difference in the Reaction to Stimuli between Chinese and Japanese: An Effect of National Identity)

足達矩則 1、笹山雪子 2、䞊杉䞀秀 3

(Yoshinori ADACHI1, Yukiko SASAYAMA2 and Kazuhide UESUGI3)

1䞭郚倧孊春日井、日本、2西南女孊院倧孊小倉、日本、 3熊本高等専門孊校熊本、日本

芁旚: 刺激に察する反応は、個人個人異なるこずは研究されおきおいた 1-10が、囜民性によ

っおも異なるものず考え、䞭囜人留孊生ず日本人孊生の刺激に察する反応を比范するこずに

した。刺激ずしお、芖芚系、聎芚系、運動系、頭脳系に぀いお調べ、結果をストレス指暙で

ある LF/HF 倀、およびりェヌブレット係数匷床図によっお解析した。その結果、明らかに囜

民性ず考えられるものを芋出した。 Keywords: 刺激、ストレス、LF/HF、りェヌブレット解析、FFT

はじめに 「日本人の垞識は䞖界の非垞識」ず蚀われるこず

がある。日本人にずっお䜕でもないこずが、倖囜人

にずっおストレスになり、逆に倖囜人にずっお䜕で

もないこずが日本人にはストレスず感じられたりす

る。こうした育った文化や環境囜民性ず呌ぶの

違いが、刺激に察する反応を倉えおいるず考えられ

るし、文化的摩擊を匕き起こす原因にもなっおいる

可胜性がある。 本研究では、䞭囜人留孊生ず日本人孊生の刺激に

察する反応を調べるこずで、個人的な違いの他に、

囜民性による違いが存圚するかどうかに぀いお怜蚎

した。

実隓方法 被隓者は、䞭囜人留孊生 4 人被隓者 A:26 歳男性

で日本語胜力詊隓 1 玚、被隓者 B:24 歳男性で日本語

胜力詊隓 2 玚、被隓者 C:25 歳女性で日本語胜力詊隓

2 玚、被隓者 D:25 歳女性で日本語胜力詊隓 2 玚、

日本人倧孊生 4 人被隓者 E,F,G,H21 歳22 歳女

性であった。 刺激は、芖芚系である 2 分間の呚期的点滅光6Hzで点滅する赀色 LED、18cm x 21cm の黒色ボヌドに378 個を配眮した、聎芚系である 3 分間の静かな音楜A comme amour たたは Canon in D majorず賑やかな音楜You give love a bad name たたは Needled 24/7、運動系である 2 分間の足䞊げ床に氎平に足を䞊げる、頭脳系ずしお、䞭囜人に察しお 5 分間の

喜劇Mr. Bean – The hairdresserず恐怖映画呪怚–終わりの始たり封印された郚屋の䞭で箪笥から子䟛の手が出たり、鏡の䞭で背埌に子䟛が立っおいたり、パックを開けた牛乳が黒かったりする堎面、たた 2 分間の䞭囜叀兞䞉囜志ず日本語のニュヌスマクドナルドの異物混入に関する蚘者䌚芋を読む、そしお日本人に察しお 5 分間の挫画「ゞャ・ぱん」を読む、および英字新聞を 2 分間読む、参照系ずしお 2 分間の安静閉県で怅子に掛けるを実斜した。 刺激に察する反応は、指尖脈波で蚈枬した。枬定

装眮は BACS advance TAOS 研究所補で、巊手人

差し指で枬定した。解析は、R-R 間隔の時系列デヌ

タを FFT ずりェヌブレット解析で行い、LF/HF 倀お

よびりェヌブレット係数匷床図を求め、これらを怜

蚎した。

実隓結果 日本人にずっおは静ず動の切り替えは仏教的な思

想から容易であるが、仏教文化を長く吊定しおきた

䞭囜人にずっお難しいかもしれない。 Fig. 1 ず Fig. 2 に安静時の䞭囜人ず日本人の結果

を比范する。Fig. 1 には、LF/HF 倀ず心拍数を棒グラ

フで瀺した。心拍数に違いはないが、LF/HF 倀は日

本 人 の 方 が 小 さ か っ た 。 Fig. 2 に は Morlet Wavelet(4,16)のりェヌブレット係数匷床䞊郚が HF、䞋郚が LF を衚すを瀺したが、䞭囜人でリラック

スできおいないず思われるものが半数おり、アクテ

ィブな䞭囜人には安静状態ずいう経隓がないものず

思われる。 次に、無機的な赀色 LED 光の点滅に察する反応を

Fig. 3 に比范する。䞭囜人では、安静時ず同様な傟向

______________________________________ 足達矩則䞭郚倧孊経営情報孊郚 487-8501 春日井垂 束本町 1200, 電話 0568-51-1111 FAX 0568-52-1505

Page 7: Difference in the Reaction to Stimuli between Chinese and

Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci.    Vol.34, No.1, March 2016 The 41st Symposium on Life information Science

March 19-20, 2016, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

52

が確認された。䞀方、日本人では単なるリズムにそ

れ皋快感を埗るこずがないようである。 聎芚刺激の静かな音楜や賑やかな音楜に察する䞡

囜の孊生の反応は、党䜓ずしお同じような傟向を瀺

した。 運動系の刺激である足䞊げに぀いおも、どちらも

党䜓ずしお䌌たような反応を瀺した。ただし、安静

状態で緊匵気味な被隓者 Bが比范的リラックスしお

いる傟向が芋られた。 䞭囜人に芋おもらった喜劇ず恐怖映画に察する反

応は、どちらもほずんど倉わらなかった。ナヌモア

や怖いずいう感情は、倚分に文化的なものであり、

文化の盞違がこうした反応に衚れおいるものず考え

る。Fig. 4 に比范した結果を瀺す。日本人が喜劇に察

しおリラックスでき、恐怖映画に察しお緊匵するの

ず察照的な結果であった。 頭脳系のうち、䞭囜人に䞭囜叀兞ず日本のニュヌ

ス、日本人に察しお英字新聞を読む刺激を䞎えた時

の反応を Fig. 5 に瀺す。(a)ず(b)は䞭囜人留孊生が読

んでいるずきの反応であるが、どちらの図も非垞に

䌌おおり、同様な反応を瀺しおいるこずが分かる。

母囜語である䞭囜語でも、叀兞は日本語ず同じく倖

囜語なのかもしれない。䞀方、日本人の英字新聞を

読むずきの反応は、比范的リラックスできおおり、

長幎の英語教育により、読むこずぞの緊匵感が緩和

されおいるものず考えられる。 各皮刺激に察する反応を安静時に察する比率で瀺

す。Fig. 6 には LF/HF 倀の比率を Fig. 7 には心拍数

の比率を瀺した。 Fig. 6 から、安静時ず刺激を受けおいるずきの

LF/HF 倀が倧きく異なっおいるこずが分かる。特に、

日本人孊生においお顕著であり、光の点滅ず足䞊げ

で倧きくなった。党員が安静時よりもリラックスで

きたのは、コミックを読んでいるずきだけであった。

䞭囜人留孊生では、恐怖映画ず光の点滅でリラック

スするものが倚かった。しかし、䞭囜語の読みが日

本語の読みず同じ皋床の緊匵を䌎い、喜劇ず足䞊げ

が同じように緊匵をもたらしおいた。音楜は 2 皮類

クラシック音楜ずロック音楜ずもリラックス効

果があるこずが分かった。 Fig. 7 では、䞭囜人留孊生が党員同じような心拍

数の倉動瀺しおいるこずが分かる。足䞊げや䞭囜叀

兞ず日本語ニュヌスの読みで心拍数が増加するのは

容易に掚枬できるが、音楜で LF/HF 倀ず反察に心拍

数が増加したこずは意倖であった。ただし、この傟

向は日本人孊生でも同じであった。日本人孊生の堎

合、足䞊げず英字新聞で同じような傟向であったが、

それ以倖では個人ごずに倧きく異なっおおり、心拍

数倉動の倚様性が芋られた。

たずめ 刺激に察する䞭囜人留孊生ず日本人孊生の反応の

違いに぀いお怜蚎した。その結果、䞭囜人孊生にず

っお恐怖映画では緊匵しないこず、および喜劇でリ

ラックスしないこずが分かった。これは日本人孊生

ずは真逆であり、文化的な環境が圱響しおいるず考

えられる。たた、安静状態は日本人孊生にはリラッ

クスできる状態であるが、アクティブな䞭囜人留孊

生には必ずしもそうではなかった。逆に、呚期的点

滅光は䞭囜人留孊生にはリラックスできる刺激であ

るが、日本人孊生には緊匵する刺激であった。音楜

はどちらの民族にもリラックス状態を実珟できる刺

激であった。特に、静かな音楜クラシック音楜

は効果的であった。 被隓者数が少なかったので、今埌はもっず倚くの

被隓者で怜蚎する必芁がある。

参考文献 1) Aoki T. and Adachi Y.: Influence of Jasmine Fragrance on

Heartbeat Fluctuation, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 24(1), pp.121-123, 2006.

2) Adachi Y., Aoki T., and Suzuki S.: Influence of Three Kinds of Stimuli on Pulse Wave Shape - Music, Flashing light, and Perfume -, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 26(1), pp.99-102, 2008.

3) Aoki T., Adachi Y., and Suzuki S.: Influence of Periodically Flashing Light Stimulation on Heartbeat Fluctuation and Pyodoraku Electrodermal Activities, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 26(1), pp.89-93, 2008.

4) Adachi Y., Aoki T., and Suzuki S.: Analysis of a Pulse Wave Fractal under Various Stimulations, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 27(1), pp. 55-58, 2009.

5) Aoki T., Adachi Y., Suzuki S.; Influence of Music Stimulation on Heartbeat Fluctuation, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 27(1), pp. 48-51, 2009.

6) Adachi Y.: Change in Relaxation Level by Various Stimuli, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 29(1), pp.82-84, 2011.

7) Adachi Y.: Chaotic Analysis of Biological Reactions Originating from Various Stimuli, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 30(1), pp. 61-65, 2012.

8) Adachi Y. and Sasayama Y.: Characterization of Various Stimuli with Fingertip Pulse Waves, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 32(1), pp. 64-69, 2014.

9) Adachi Y.: Measurement of Time-Dependent Stress Levels by Wavelet Analysis, IIAI-AAI, pp. 948-953, 2014.

10) Adachi Y., Sasayama Y., and Uesugi K.: Wavelet analysis of the pulse waveform change due to three types of stimuli, J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 33(1), pp. 53-58, 2015.

(Fig.1 – 7 英文頁参照)