diabetes carriegray bhatt individ 1
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RUNNING HEAD: DISEASE
Type 1 Diabetes
Carrie Gray
January, 12, 2009
Instructor: Bhatt
Individual project_1_BIO142-0901A-04
Colorado Technical University Online
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Abstract
Diabetes affects millions every year, and how you treat and control your diabetes is all up
to you, the food we eat provides our cells throughout our body with energy, taken from the foods,
if we dont have the energy, our cells will die, so everyone needs insulin. There different types of
diabetes, such as; mellitus, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational diabetes.
Diabetes Defined
Diabetes mellitus or also known as; sugar diabetes, Type 1 diabetes or juvenile or insulin-
dependent diabetes, is when the body can't use glucose (sugar) normally (The Nemours
Foundation, 2009) or it doesnt make it at all. The human body uses glucose for energy. Insulin,
a chemical hormone made by the pancreas, controls the levels in
your blood, and to aid in the entry to the cells, insulin makes this
task easier. Type 2 diabetes may not need insulin.
When the pancreas do not make enough insulin, the body
can't respond normally to the insulin that is made, so the sugar levels
rise and this to symptoms such as urinating more often (heavier then
usual), really thirsty, and losing weight unexpectedly.
Who is at Risk?
Anyone is at risk, family history; if someone else in your family has or had it, such as
your parents, brothers or sisters, but it not contagious.
Causes, Complications, and Treatments
The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role. Type
1 diabetes usually requires insulin injection treatments daily, more than once a day, oral
medications diet (watching your weight), by eating smaller, healthier meals more often and
exercise (helps lower glucose levels), and keeping a close eye or monitoring your levels through
MFMER, (2009). Diabetes. Retrieved January 13, 2009
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and
Research Web site:Type 1 diabetes -
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329 -
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test that can be given by the patient them self, and if patients do not keep a check on their levels,
complications can occur such as nerve and blood vessel damage, or known as diabetic
neuropathy, which usually happens to the nerves and vessels of the feet and lower legs. The
symptoms are numbness and feeling cold.
Patients with diabetes have poor sensation in their feet, so proper care is very important to
prevention of injury. Nerve damage can happen in other areas as well, such as the sexual organs
in both men and women. In men impotence or erection problems can result from nerve damage
in the sexual organs, and in women damage can occur in the pelvic area causing less arousal and
painful intercourse.
Other nerves and vessels may be affected also, these include; vessels in the heart, vascular
disease, caused by high blood sugar levels, the kidneys, and the eyes (diabetic retinopathy)
swelling of the retina, when the vessels in the eyes become too weak, become blocked or leak
into the eyes, causing cloudiness. The immune system is also affected, making fighting off
infections even harder, these infections include; Infections of the skin, female genital tract, and
urinary tract. nlm.nih.gov, (2009).
The heartandvessels;vascular
disease
Stomach Liver Pancreas
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Symptoms
Symptoms in diabetes include; nausea, weight loss, itching
skin and slow healing skin, tiredness, feeling thirst all the time,
urinating more, feeling hungry more, pain in the abdomen, and
blurry vision. If the symptoms go untreated a coma and death may happen.
Prevention and Tests
Diabetes cannot be prevented, but there are options for slowing, and controlling it by
keeping it at a normal range. Regular checks include; blood pressures, check your glycosylated
hemoglobin and cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, kidneys, and have your doctor check your
feet, teeth and gums. Get a Flu shot yearly and all other vaccinations needed. See your doctor for
a blood test; 1. Fasting blood glucose, no food or liquids= glucose levels are measured in your
blood. 2.Random (non-fasting) blood glucose= measurement of blood glucose level. 3. Oral
glucose tolerance test= glucose tolerance test.
Doctors can also test your urine for amounts of sugar found. Daily tests by sticking your
finger with a lancet will help monitor your levels, because too much sugar can lead to
hyperglycemia (too many sugary foods), and when there is not enough sugar in the blood is can
lead to hypoglycemia, and is brought on by too much medicated insulin, or skipping meals,
eating less, and exercising too much. These conditions can cause fainting and seizures if not
MFMER, (2009). Diabetes. Retrieved January 13, 2009, from
Foundation for Medical Education and Research W
Type 1 diabetes - MayoClinic.com
(Toltech, 2007)
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329 -
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treated. Other treatment option are; insulin pump= on the outside of body with a catheter inserted
under the skin of your abdomen, that administers insulin automatically. There are many types of
insulin such as; Humulin R, Novolin R, lispro, and insulin glargine, doctors may also subscribe
pramlintide, and aspirin.
Conclusion
The only potential cure for type 1 diabetes is a pancreas transplant, but research is being
done on many other areas such as; Islet cell transplant, cells in the pancreas that make insulin,
and stem cell research; stem cells made from their own blood. To have a long happy life, always
monitor your blood sugar levels, stop smoking or dont be around anyone who does, no alcohol,
if youre stressed, relax and see your doctor.
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References
MFMER, (2009). Diabetes. Retrieved January 13, 2009, from Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research Web site:Type 1 diabetes - MayoClinic.com
nlm.nih.gov, (2009). Diabetes. Retrieved January 13, 2009, from nlm.nih.gov Web site: Medline
Plus - Search Results for: Diabetes
The Nemours Foundation, (2009). Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved January 13, 2009, from
kidshealth.org Web site:Definition: Diabetes Mellitus
Touch of Life Technologies. (2007).Toltech; Aurora, Colorado. VH Dissector Lite Version 4.5.2
[CD ROM]. www. Toltech.net
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.htmlhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.htmlhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=Diabetes&x=57&y=12http://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.htmlhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.htmlhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.html