@dev_progress. improvements in the quality of basic education chile’s experience daniel contreras...

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IMPROVEMENTS IN THE QUALITY OF BASIC EDUCATION Chile’s experience

Daniel Contreras

developmentprogress.org@dev_progress


• Improvements in education quality

• Steady strengthening of access

• Broader economic and social development context

I. What progress has been achieved?


Rising national and international test scores


1990 2000 2011

Gross Enrolment Rates (Primary) 105% 100% 101.5%Net Enrolment Rates(Primary) 91.3%† 97%† 93.1%Repetition Rates (Primary) 3%† 2.01% 4.9%

Completion Rates (Primary) 83.2% (1997) 97.8% 94.8%

Secondary Transition Rates 84.9%(1983)

97.5% (1997)

90.5% (2010)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Secondary) 10.97 years 11.04 years 11.42 years

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary) 13.05 years (1991) 12.89 years 15.13 years

Source: UIS and WDI. †Figure from Cox (2004)

Rising national and international test scores


Broader economic and social development context

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, constant 2005 US$, 1980-2012

Source: World Development Indicators (WDI) (http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators)

19801982

19841986

19881990

19921994

19961998

20002002

20042006

20082010

20120

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Chile Unweighted Average (Argentina, Brazil and Mexico)

GDP pe

r ca

pita

(con

stan

t 20

05 U

S$)


Political environment

Range of mutually reinforcing education interventions and reforms focusing on quality

Teacher professionalisation and conditions

Strong government investment in education and targeting of resources

II. What are the factors driving change?


Political prioritisation of education

Sep '8

9

Jun '90

Dec '90

Jun '91

Jan '9

2

Aug '92

Mar '93

Oct '93

Dec '93

May '9

5

Jun '96

Jun '97

Jun '98

Sep '9

9

Nov '00

Dec '01

Dec '02

Dec '03

Dec '04

Aug '05

Jun '06

Jun '07

Jun '08

May '0

9

Oct '09

Nov '10

Nov '11

Nov '12

Sep '1

30

10

20

30

40

50

60

% of R

espo

nden

ts listi

ng edu

catio

n as one

of t

he to

p th

ree

priorit

y area

s for

gov

ernm

ent a

tten

tion


“The connection between politics and policy is important to this progress story”

Chile Education Specialist

“Unlike other countries in Latin America, political stability and continuity in Chile

enabled curriculum reforms to be implemented fully”

Chile Education specialist


Provision of textbooks Information Communication Technology

(ICT) Curriculum reforms and child-centred

learning Use of national assessment tests The Full School Day Programme

Multiple efforts at quality reforms


Teacher professionalisation and conditions

• Rising wages and improved conditions

• Greater professionalisation, improved training and higher standards


Investment and targeting of financial resources


III. Current challenges

Absolute learning levels

Teacher quality

Maintain political consensus on a mobilized society and want to change education

Keep improving and increasing equity, new regulations to the school system


Maintaining political consensus – Desire for reform

Do you agree or disagree with:

Tax reform(%)

Education Reform (%)

Changing the

Constitution (%)

Agree 51 58 71

Disagree 36 33 20

N/A 13 9 9Source: Government assessment survey , May 2014 Adimark GfK


Maintaining political consensus – The student movement

23%

36%

41%

Did you take part in the 2011 student movement?

Yes (Most activities) Yes (Some activities)No


Improving equity – New regulatory structures

• Preschool: Improved institutions, higher quality and wider coverage.

• Primary and Secondary Education: Quality Education for All

• Higher education: Better regulation, more resources and free provision

Two first steps: • Undersecretary for Childhood Education

• Halting selection, organization and co-payment


Inequity persistent

“Profit, co-payment and selection are based on a scheme that structurally

prevents the quality and equity of our educational system. Removing them is

not a sufficient condition for the quality and development of the Chilean

educational system, but it is a pre-requisite.”

Minister of Education to Parliament 2nd of June 2014


IV. Conclusion

• Political continuity, based on 'solid' founding agreements allows persistent educational policies with cumulative success (from beginning 1990's 90’ to final 2010’s)

• Sustained economic growth allows a resource that can improve the well-oriented educational system

• A society mobilized for education and high policy relevance of education, holding two stresses new order:• Educational quality: comprehensive education v/s test oriented

teaching• Equity mechanism and politics definitions: System vouchers,

education as a commodity v / s guarantee to education and learning as a public good

Development Progressexploring what works and why

@dev_progress developmentprogress.org

@dev_progress. improvements in the quality of basic education chile’s experience daniel contreras...

Documents

secondary education

prioritised education

dp education launch

social development progress

repetition rates primary3

completion rates primary83

progressbroader economic

curriculum reforms