developmental psychology-early childhood-play

PlayEarly

Childhood (2-7 years

old)

Solitary PlayThe child is are completely engrossed in playing and does not seem to notice other children. Most often seen in children between 2 and 3 years-old.

Parallel PlayThe child mimics other children's play but doesn't actively engage with them. For example they may use the same toy.

Cooperative PlaySome organisation enters children's play, for example the playing has some goal and children often adopt roles and act as a group.

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Why children need to PLAY?

Master anxiety and conflict

Cognitive development

Satisfies exploratory drive

Development language and communication skills


Tension are relieved through play.






Cognitive developmentPiaget(1962)Say that children’s cognitive development constrains(limit) the way they play

Vygotsky(1962)Imaginary play: - For young children, imaginary situation is real. -advance child’s creative thought






Cognitive development in an outdoor environment(gardening) are:

• Visual Discrimination (pre-reading) –comparing leaves, flower petals, Insect studies

• Fine Motor Skills (pre-writing) – planting seeds, digging for worms

• Logic – life cycle activities like caterpillars/butterflies







Daniel Berlyne (1960) The exploratory drive involve curiosity, desire for new and unusual information.






Development language and communication skill

Social interaction during play will enhance children’s literacy skills.

•Certain games can symbolically express a child's problems. the child can use this play to reinforce, learn about, and imaginatively alter painful experiences.

•For example:The child who is in an abusive family may pretend to be a mother who loves her child rather than one who verbally or physically abuses her child.

•Besides, they may pretend they are the heroes they read about in books or see on television.

Pretense/ symbolic play

Social play

Social play revolves around social interaction with peers.

For example:Rough-and-tumble play will help child learn how to interact with others. If one gets hurt during this play it can also teach a very valuable lesson, empathy.

Practise play involves the repetition of new skills as children are being learned. Practice play contributes to the development of coordinated motor skills needed for later game playing.

Some activities include finger painting, running, jumping, throwing, sliding, or twirling

Practice play

Constructive play As young children arrange materials, ideas and imagination begin to flow. Questions arise naturally. They wonder: What will happen if I put this here? How tall will it go? In this way, constructive play serves to focus the minds of children to invent and discover new possibilities.

GameUsually games involve others, competition, and rules. Game can build self esteem if the child is proficient, but it can also be harmful if the child is ridiculed. The child can learn to enjoy competition and challenges.

If a young girl had not given opportunity to ride bicycle

Inhibit

Development of spatial awareness and delay mathematical ability

If a young boy had not given opportunity to play doll

Hold back emotional expression, fearful of appearing caring

Play TherapyChildren have a difficult time trying to articulate their feelings through words. Psychologists have determined that a child expresses a great deal through play. This is the idea behind play therapy. Allow the child to play in a controlled environment and observe their behavior. This also allows a child to work through some internal conflicts you may not be aware of. Observing their play may provide insight into the inner feelings or concerns. This may help you as you attempt to understand why your child is behaving a certain way.

developmental psychology-early childhood-play

Education