DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MUG WITH

CHARGING COASTER USING A PELTIER

MODULE AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

MUHAMMAD HANIF IKHWAN BIN RAZALI

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

(ELECTRICAL) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

iii

DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MUG WITH CHARGING COASTER USING A

PELTIER MODULE AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

MUHAMMAD HANIF IKHWAN BIN RAZALI

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering Technology in Electrical with Honours

Faculty of Engineering Technology

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

DECEMBER 2017

iv

STATEMENT OF AWARD FOR DEGREE

1. Bachelor of Engineering Technology

Thesis submitted in fulfilmentof the requirements for the award of the degree

of Bachelor of Engineering Technology in Electrical with Honours.

v

SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION

We hereby declare that we have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is

adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of degree of Bachelor of

Engineering Technology in Electrical with Honours.

Signature:

Name of Supervisor: NURUL NADIA BINTI HAMRAN

Position: LECTURER, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY ,

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

Date: DECEMBER 2017

Signature:

Name of Supervisor: DR. MOHAMMED HAYYAN ALSIBAI

Position: SENIOR LECTURER, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY,

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

Date: DECEMBER 2017

vi

STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and

summaries in which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted

for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree.

Signature:

Name: MUHAMMAD HANIF IKHWAN BIN RAZALI

ID Number: TB14024

Date:

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am sincerely grateful to ALLAH “S.W.T” for giving me wisdom, strength,

patience and assistance to complete my project work. Had it not been due to His will

and favour, the completion of this study would not have been achievable. I have taken

efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind

support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my

sincere thanks to all of them.

I respect and thank to my advisor, Madam Nurul Nadia Binti Hamran for

giving me an opportunity to do the project work in smart mug with charging coaster

and providing us all support and guidance which made me complete the project on

time. Besides that, I also thank to Dr. Hayyan Alsibai as our co-supervisor that help us

to finish our project. I am extremely grateful to him for providing such a nice support

and guidance though he had busy schedule. Here, I also like to convey thanks to the

faculty (FTEK) for providing the laboratory facilities for doing the fabrication and give

us the budget to finish the project.

Besides that, I feel a deep sense of gratitude for family member, who formed

part of my vision and taught me good things that really matter in life. Their infallible

love and support has always been my strength. Their patience and sacrifice will remain

my inspiration throughout my life.I am also very much grateful to all my family

members for their constant inspiration and encouragement.

Lastly, I want to thank my classmates, friends and team member for giving me

a valuable comment and suggestions on this project which gave us an inspiration to

improve the project. I thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to

complete this final year project.

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION v

STUDENT’S DECLARATION vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii

ABSTRACT

ABSTRAK

viii

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS x

LIST OF TABLES xiii

LIST OF FIGURES xiv

LIST OF SYMBOLS xvi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvii

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR DESALINATION

1.1 Background Of Study 1

1.2 Problem Statement 4

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Project Scope

5

5

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Thermoelectric Effect 6

2.2.1 Seedback Effect 7

2.2.2 Peltier Effect 8

2.2.3 Selected Technique of Thermoelectric Effect 10

2.2 Electronic Controlling Units

2.2.1 Types of MCU

2.2.2 Comparison of MCU

2.2.3 Selected MCU

10

11

12

14

xi

2.3 Arduino

2.3.1 Arduino Nano

2.3.2 Arduino Uno

2.3.3 Arduino Mini

2.3.4 Arduino Micro

2.3.5 Selected Arduino

15

16

17

18

19

20

2.4 Rechargeable Battery

2.4.1 Types of Rechageable Battery

2.3.2 Lead Acid Rechageable Battery

2.3.3 Lithium Polymer Rechageable Battery

2.3.4 Lithium Ion Rechageable Battery

2.4.2 Selection of Rechgeable Battery

2.5 Mechanism Of Smart Mug With Charging Coaster

20

21

22

24

26

29

30

CHAPTER 3 : PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION & METHODOLOGY

3.1 Theory

3.1.1 Peltier Module

3.1.1.1 Cooling Process

3.1.1.2 Heating Process

3.1.2 Transistor As A Switch

3.1.3 Battery Connection

31

31

32

33

33

34

3.2 Methadology

3.2.1 Working Priciple

3.2.2 Flowchart

36

36

38

3.3 Project Implementation 39

3.3.1 Arduino Nano 39

3.3.2 Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) Relay 40

3.3.3 DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor 40

3.3.4 Peltier Module 41

3.3.5 Lithium Ion Battery 42

3.3.6 Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) Switch 42

3.3.7 RGB Light Emitting Diode (LED) 43

xii

3.3.8 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

3.3.9 DC Fan and Heatsink

3.3.10 Circuit Design

43

44

45

CHAPTER 4 : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Problem Faced In Circuit Design 46

4.2 Performance Of Peltier Module In The Smart Mug

4.3 Battery Lifespan For Smart Mug

47

49

CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion 51

5.2 Recommendations For The Future Research 52

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

A CODING FOR SMART MUG WITH CHARGING COASTER

B COST ANALYSIS

C CIRCUIT PRODUCTION

C DS18B20 WATERPROOF TEMPERATURE SENSOR DATASHEET

E TEC12706 DATASHEET

53

56

60

61

63

65

xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

2.1 The technical specification of Aduino Nano 16

2.2 The technical specification of Aduino Uno 17

2.3 The technical specification of Arduino Mini 18

2.4 The technical specification of Arduino Micro 19

2.5 Technical specification for Lead Acid Battery 24

2.6 Technical specification for LiPo Battery 26

2.7 Technical specification for LIB 29

4.1 Time Taken for Water Heating Process up to 50 47

4.2 Time Taken for Water Cooling Process up to 20 48

4.3 The usage of the Li-Ion rechargeable battery for the Smart Mug 50

xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1.1 The demand of caffeine by age group in 2010-2011 2

1.2 The type beverages demand per capita consumption 2

(gallons) of 2003 and 2013

1.3 The Starbuck’s sales by product category in 2013 3

2.1 The Seedback Effect circuit configured as a thermoelectric 8

heater

2.2 Setup of observing Peltier Effect 8

2.3 The Peltier Effect circuit configured as a thermoelectric 9

cooler

2.4 Illustration of instructions from a program is processed. 10

2.5 Comparing the three platforms of ECU 12

2.6 An ilustration of the rechrageable battery 21

2.7 Charge stages of a lead acid battery 22

2.8 Capacity loss on standby 23

2.9 An example of Lead Acid Battery 23

2.10 An example of Lipo Battery 24

2.11 Test Curve at Different T, 1C current` 25

2.12 How a lithum-ion battery produce electricity 26

2.13 Recharging a lithium-ion battery 27

2.14 Comparison graph of discharge voltage curves 28

3.1 The illustration of mechanism for the Peltier Module 32

3.2 Illustration process of Cooling 32

3.3 Illustration process of Heating 33

3.4 A sample of connection of a transistor as a switch 33

xv

3.5 Illustration of Series connection for battery 34

3.6 Illustration of parallel connection for battery 35

3.7 Illustration of series-parallel connection for battery 35

3.8 A sequence of the working principle for the Smart Mug 37

3.9 The process of the system in the Arduino Nano 38

3.10 Arduino Nano 39

3.11 Pinout Diagram of Arduino Nano 39

3.12 Pinout Diagram of SPDT Relay 40

3.13 Pinout Diagram of DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor 41

3.14 An illustration of Peltier module and its part 41

3.15 SPST Switch Symbol 42

3.16 RGB LED pinout diagram 43

3.17 LCD pinout diagram 44

3.18 An example of DC Fan and Heat sink 44

3.19 Circuit design for the Smart Mug with Charging Coaster 45

4.1 Time vs Temperature Graph for Water Heating Process 48

4.2 Time vs Temperature Graph for Water Heating Process 49

xvi

LIST OF SYMBOLS

$ Dollar

% Percentages

A Ampere

Degree Ferenheit

H Hours

I Current

J Joule

KB Kilobyte

mA Milli-Ampere

mAh Milli-Ampere-hours

mg Milligram

MHz Megahertz

Min Min

ml Millilitre

mm Millimeter

ºC Degree Celcius

R Resistor

s Second

S Seedback Coefficiet

T Temperature

V Voltage

Δt Delta Time

Ω Ohm

xvii

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

3D Three-Dimensional

AREF Analog Reference

CDC Communications Device Class

COM Communication

CRT Cathode Ray Tube

DC Direct Currect

ECU Electrocnic Controlling Unit

EMF Electromotive Force

GND Ground

IC Integrated Circuit

ICSP In-Circuit Serial Programming

IDE Integrated Development Enviroment

IoT Internet of Things

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LED Light Emitting Diode

LIB Lithium Ion Battery

Li-Ion Lithium Ion

Li-Po Lithium Polymer

MCU Microcontroller Unit

NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

PWM Pulse Width Modulation

RGB Red Green Blue

RX Receive

xviii

SBUX Starbucks

TEC Thermoelectric Cooler

TEG Thermoelecric Generator

TGWC The Great Wall of China

TTL Time-to-Live

TX Transmit

UK United Kingdom

USB Universal Serial Bus