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ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
Jakarta, 17 Juli 2012
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENERGY
and ENERGY CONSERVATION
DR. KARDAYA WARNIKA
Director General
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
CONTENTS
I. INDONESIA’S ENERGY SUPPLY & DEMAND 3
II. ENERGY POLICY 8
III. OBSTACLES OF NRE and EC DEVELOPMENT 10
IV. EFFORTS OF NRE and EC DEVELOPMENT 12
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
INDONESIA’S ENERGY SUPPLY & DEMANDI
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
ENERGY SUPPLY - DEMAND2011 - 2025
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Coal
Gas
Oil
MIL
LIO
N B
OEP
D
OIL DEMAND
BaU DEMAND
DEMANDWITH CONSERVATION
Indonesia might be an net-energy importing country in year 2019
ENERGY PRODUCTION
<ENERGY DEMAND
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
Oil47 %
Gas 24 %
Coal24 %
NRE(NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY)
5%
PRIMARY ENERGY MIX - YEAR 2011
•NRE UTILIZATION IS STILL LOW
•STILL RELY ON OIL IN WHICH ITS CAPABILITY HAS BEEN
DECLINED AND BEING MORE EXPENSIVE
PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2011:
1.176 MILLION BOE
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
POTENTIAL AND PRODUCTION OF FOSSIL ENERGY (2011)
NO FOSSIL ENERGYRESOURCES
(RS)
PROVEN
RESERVES
(RV)
RS/RVRATIO
PRODUCTION
(PR)
RV/PRRATIO(YEAR)
1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3 6 7 = 4/6
1 Oil (billion barrel) 56.6 4,04 *) 7,18 % 0.329 12
2 Gas (TSCF) 334.5 104,7 **) 31,30 % 3.07 34
3 Coal (billion ton) 161.3 5,53 3,43 % 0.353 16
4 Coal Bed Methane (TSCF) ***) 453 - - - -
5 Shale Gas (TSCF) ***) 574 - - - -
*) 0,1% of world reserves
**) 1,2% of world reserves
***) termed as new energy (Law No. 30/2007 concerning on Energy)
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
Depleting reserve. Proven reserve in 2011 is 4,04 billion barrel or 12 years basedon current production level (Reserve/Production Ratio).
OIL AS THE MAIN ENERGY SUPPLY
Riau
Kalimantan Timur
Maluku
Kalimantan Timur
Jawa Timur
Jawa Timur
0 155 10
Exploration Period Development First Production
Year
PERIODE EKSPLORASI SAMPAI TAHAP PRODUKSI
Crude oil price tends to increase and uncertain.
The aAddition to existing oil reserves is not able to compensate its depletion
rate (Reserve/Replacement Ratio < 1).
Period of oil development
in Indonesia could be more
than 15 years.
Relying on domestic oil is
too late.
TO AVOID OIL IS A MUST!
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
ENERGY POLICYII
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
ENERGY CONSERVATION
► High potential due to Indonesia is a wasteful energy consumer, measured
from its energy intensity.
► Cost for implementing energy conservation is cheaper than cost increasing
energy supply.
► Implementation of energy conservation is faster than increasing energy
supply.
ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION
Utilization of various energy types, especially New and Renewable Energy:
► Large and variaous in the potential
► Implementation of NRE is faster than those in fossil energy.
► No need of massive investment.
ENERGY POLICY
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
OBSTACLES OF NRE AND EC DEVELOPMENT III
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
OBTACLES OF NRE AND EC DEVELOPMENT
1. Price
Renewable energy is hard to develop due to its competition with oil fuel which is subsidized
(currently upto half of the cost).
2. Funding
Banks have not supported NRE funding because they do not understand NRE activities
clearly, so that NRE investment is still difficult in getting funds.
3. Incentive
There is almost no incentive for both NRE consumer and producer; In some other countries,
producer get incentives.
4. Institutional and management of new energy has not completely fulfiled the law that
causes legality doubtness.
5. Need significant breakthrough in new energy development (currently treated in business
as usual).
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
EFFORTS OF NRE AND EC DEVELOPMENTIV
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
EFFORTS OF NRE AND EC DEVELOPMENT
1. Price
a.Reducing oil fuel subsidy or subsidizing NRE. Subsidizing NRE is more possible to be implemented.
b.Feed in Tariff is determined by the government and should not be negotiated by PT PLN (Persero).
Feed in Tariff is aimed at increasing investment through price certainty since the beginning in order
to minimize the risk. Regulations on Feed in Tariff have been published by the government and
some others are being finalized.
2. Funding
a.Need of green banking; Central Bank has had some initial preparations with Directorate General of
NREEC.
b.Need of government assurances.
3. Incentives
a.Need of incentives for producers, e.g. fiscal incentive.
b.Need of incentives for consumers.
c. Need of institution that assures supply change of renewable energy.
d.Need of an appointed state-owned company dedicated to NRE development (there is always
appointed state-owned company in every strategic government program).
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
www.esdm.go.id
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
ENERGY POTENTIAL AND PRODUCTION (2011)NO NEW/RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES
(RS)
INSTALLED
CAPACITY (IC)IC/RS RATIO
1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3
1 Hydro 75.670 MW 6.654,29 MW 8,79 %
2 Geothermal 29.038 MW 1.226 MW 4,22 %
3 Mini/Micro Hydro 769,69 MW 228,983 MW 29,75 %
4 Biomass 49.810 MW 1.618,40 MW 3,25 %
5 Solar 4,80 kWh/m2/day 22,45 MW -
6 Wind 3 – 6 m/s 1,87 MW -
7 Uranium3.000 MW
(e.q. 24,112 ton) for 11 years*)30 MW 1,00 %
*) Only in Kalan – West Kalimantan
NO FOSSIL ENERGYRESOURCES
(RS)
PROVEN
RESERVES
(RV)
RS/RVRATIO
PRODUCTION
(PR)
RV/PRRATIO(YEAR)
1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3 6 7 = 4/6
1 Oil (billion barrel) 56.6 4,04 *) 7,18 % 0.329 12
2 Gas (TSCF) 334.5 104,7 **) 31,30 % 3.07 34
3 Coal (billion ton) 161.3 5,53 3,43 % 0.353 16
4 Coal Bed Methane (TSCF) ***) 453 - - - -
5 Shale Gas (TSCF) ***) 574 - - - -
*) 0,1% of world reserves
**) 1,2% of world reserves
***) termed as new energy (Law No. 30/2007 concerning Energy)
ESDM untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IS FASTER
THAN FOSSIL ENERGY
Construction of solar power plant, wind power plant,
microhydro power plant and biomass power plant
requires only 1 – 2 years.
Construction of big scale hydro power plant and
geothermal power plant requires 5 years.
Activities in oil and gas development require 10 – 15
years.