developing applications with rules, workflow and event processing (it@cork 2010)

drools

The SkyNet funding bill is passed.

The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.

Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.

SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.

It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th

In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

And, Skynet fights back

Mark ProctorCo-CreatorProject Lead

Topics

Books

Community

History

Unified Concept

Declarative Domain OverviewDeclarative Programming

Domain Overview

The Future

ExpertQuick Example

Conditional Elements

Truth Maintenance and Inference

Fusion

Decision Tables

Guvnor

What's new in 5.1

Books

Introduction to Expert SystemsPeter Jackson

Expert Systems, Principles and ProgrammingJoseph C. Giarratano and Gary D. Riley

Oh And There are Drools Books Too

Community

Drools Research Network

http://www.jboss.org/drools/research-network.html30+ Research related pages

Many more as haven't updated

Community Collaboration

40% of Drools work now done in the communityUS Navy Healthcare

OSDE (Argentina's largest healthcare organisation)

Standards

Part of the W3C RIF working group

Director in RuleML group

Sample Industries and Users

InvestmentMillennium Investment Group (MIG)

LogisticsFedex

AirlineSabre

MortgageFranklin American

HealthcareOSDE

Boot Camps

San Francisco 2009 (40+ attendees)Sponsored by Third Pillar

Sun, FAMC, OSDE, Kaseya, Fedex, TU Group, Intermountain Healthcare, Gap, Sony Pictures, Lockheed Martin, Kaiser, HP, Wells Fargo, US Navy Research, FOLIOfn, Boeing .....

San Diego 2010 (80+ attendess)Sponsored by US Navy

5 day event, with 2 days focus on the healthcare industry

OSDE, AT&T, SAIC, US Navy Research, Kaiser, Clinica, Intermountain Healthcare, GE Healthcare, VA, Boeing, Nationwide ....

Communication

User and Dev mailing lists

IRC, Internet Relay Chat

History

It All Started Here
Birth of CDSS

DendralBaobabMycinGuidonNeomycinTeiresiasPuffEmycinWMSaconCentaurWheezeGravidaClot

Oncocin

1970s

1980s

Because Not Everyone
Is As Smart As He Is

Business Rules Engines

OPS5ARTClipsJessDrools 2JRules

1980s

2010s

Drools 3

1990s

2000s

Drools 4Drools 5

Drools History

Drools 2Rete like XML Scripting language

Drools 3 Based on Clips functionality

Iterative improves to JRules syntax with Clips functionality

Drools 4More declarative

Basic functional programming feature with from

Basic Rule Flow

Basic BRMS

Drools 5Improved functional programming with 'accumulate'

More Advanced Rule Flow integration

Complex Event Process (Fusion)Temporal Comparators, Sliding Time Windows

Production ready BRMS

Unified Concept

Drools Modules

Business Logic integration System

Drools
Guvnor

Drools
Fusion

Drools
Flow

Drools
Expert(Also Now Drools Planner)

Business Logic Lifecycle

Rules and processes

loosely coupledtightly coupledspecificgenericDecisionServicesProcessRulesSCOPECOUPLING?

Achieving More
By Doing Less

jBPMFile file = new File (.....); // file to XML process definition

ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString( IoUtils.FileToString( file ) );

ProcessInstance processInstance = new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);

JessRete engine = new Rete();

FileReader file = new FileReader("myfile.clp");

Jesp parser = new Jesp(file, engine);

parser.parse(false);

Esper

EPServiceProvider epService = EPServiceProviderManager.getDefaultProvider();

EPStatement countStmt = admin.createEPL( "...." );

countStmt.start();

Knowledge API

Drools Flow

KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider();

kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( myflow.bpmn2, ResourceType.BPMN2 );

If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() );}

KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase();kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() );

Knowledge API

Drools Expert

KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider();

kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( myrules.drl, ResourceType.DRL );

If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() );}

KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase();kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() );

Knowledge API

Drools Integration Deployment Descriptors

KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider();kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newFileResource( changeset.xml, ResourceType.ChangeSet );

Knowledge XML

Declarative Services
Spring XML and Camel

Stateful Knowledge
Session

Knowledge Runtime

Integrated debug and audit

Self monitoring and adaptive

declare ProcessStartedEvent @role( event )end rule "Number of process instances above threshold" when Number( nbProcesses : intValue > 1000 ) from accumulate( e: ProcessStartedEvent(
processInstance.processId == "com.sample.order.OrderProcess" ) over window:size(1h), count(e) )then System.err.println( "WARNING: Nb of order processes in the last hour > 1000: " + nbProcesses );end

Rules and Process Together

Domain Specific Processes

Declarative DomainOverview

Declarative Programming

Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining)Reactive

when Alarm( status == alert )
then send( warning )

Logic Programming LP (backward chaining)Query

descendant( mary, jane)

Functional Programming FPMap,Fold, Filter

avg([12, 16, 4, 6])Returns single value 9.5

round([10.3, 4.7, 7.8] )Returns List [10, 5, 8]

Description LogicPerson hasName String and
livesAt Address


Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining FC) Drools 5.0, OPSJ ( hyrbid BC), ART( hyrbid BC)

Logic Programming LP (backward chaining BC)target : Prolog (POSL Position Slotted Language)

Drools Trunk has a prototype Prolog like query backward chaining capabilities. Stronger Polog like capabilities planned.

Opportunistic BC planned.

Functional Programming FPLisp, Haskell

Drools 5.0 has some functional capabilities

Drools 5.1, 5.2 will be looking to have strong functional capabilities


Description Logic DLKIF, OWL-DL

Planned, See The Future

ProcessesDrools 5.1 implements BPMN2 with advanced rule integration.

Drools Flow will be incorporated into jBPM5

Domain Overview

Domain Overview

Domain Overview

The Future

Full Hybrid Enginehttp://community.jboss.org/wiki/DroolsLanguageEnhancements

Nested Objects

Casting Nested Objects

Positional Constraints

POSL - Positional-Slotted Language

Method Calls

Maps and Arrays (Collections)

Collections and XPath like filtering

Free form Expressions

Managed Object Graphs (MOGS)

Nested Patterns and Queries

Queries and Unification

Ontologies and Relations via

Query Based Backward Chaining with POSL

Triples with Hybrid POJO Graph Notation.

Escapes for Dialects

Accumulate Improvements to Support Haskell map/fold/filter and MVEL projection/fold

Otherwise

Branch (Labelled Else)

Rule Execution Groups

Rule Dependency Meta-Rule Language

Parallel Meta-Rule Language

Field Versioning

Logical Closures/OnFalse

Opportunistic Backward Chaining, Lazy Field/Object Values

...

Drools Expert

Quick Example Stateless

Definitions

public class Applicant { private String name; private int age; private boolean valid; // getter and setter methods here}

rule "Is of valid age" when $a : Applicant( age < 18 )then modify( $a ) { valid = false };ends

Building

KnowledgeBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBuilder();

kbuilder.add( ResourceFactory .newClassPathResource( "licenseApplication.drl", getClass() ), ResourceType.DRL );

if ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { System.err.println( kbuilder.getErrors().toString() );}

kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbuilder.getKnowledgePackages() );

Executing

StatelessKnowledgeSession ksession = kbase.newStatelessKnowledgeSession();Applicant applicant = new Applicant( "Mr John Smith", 16 );assertTrue( applicant.isValid() );

ksession.execute( applicant );

assertFalse( applicant.isValid() );

rule "Is of valid age" when $a : Applicant( age < 18 )then modify( $a ) { valid = false };ends

Drools Expert

Quick Example Stateful

Definitions

public class Room { private String name // getter and setter methods here}public class Sprinkler { private Room room; private boolean on; // getter and setter methods here}public class Fire { private Room room; // getter and setter methods here}public class Alarm {}

Definitions

rule "When there is a fire turn on the sprinkler" when Fire($room : room) $sprinkler : Sprinkler( room == $room, on == false )then modify( $sprinkler ) { on = true }; println( "Turn on the sprinkler for room " + $room.name );end

rule "When the fire is gone turn off the sprinkler" when $room : Room( ) $sprinkler : Sprinkler( room == $room, on == true ) not Fire( room == $room )then modify( $sprinkler ) { on = false }; println( "Turn off the sprinkler for room " + $room.name );end

Definitions

rule "Raise the alarm when we have one or more fires" when exists Fire()then insert( new Alarm() ); println( "Raise the alarm" );end

rule "Cancel the alarm when all the fires have gone" when not Fire() $alarm : Alarm()then retract( $alarm ); println( "Cancel the alarm" );end

Definitions

rule "Status output when things are ok" when not Alarm() not Sprinkler( on == true ) then println( "Everything is ok" );end

Executing

String[] names = new String[]{"kitchen", "bedroom", "office", "livingroom"};Map name2room = new HashMap();

for( String name: names ){ Room room = new Room( name ); name2room.put( name, room ); ksession.insert( room ); Sprinkler sprinkler = new Sprinkler( room ); ksession.insert( sprinkler );}

ksession.fireAllRules()

> Everything is ok

Executing

Fire kitchenFire = new Fire( name2room.get( "kitchen" ) );Fire officeFire = new Fire( name2room.get( "office" ) );

FactHandle kitchenFireHandle = ksession.insert( kitchenFire );FactHandle officeFireHandle = ksession.insert( officeFire );

ksession.fireAllRules();

> Raise the alarm> Turn on the sprinkler for room kitchen> Turn on the sprinkler for room office

Executing

ksession.retract( kitchenFireHandle );ksession.retract( officeFireHandle );

ksession.fireAllRules()

> Turn off the sprinkler for room office> Turn off the sprinkler for room kitchen> Cancel the alarm> Everything is ok

rule "Status output when things are ok" when not Alarm() not Sprinkler( on == true ) then println( "Everything is ok" );end


not Bus( color = red )


exists Bus( color = red )

forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 ) Bus( this == $bus, color == red ) )

forall ( $bus : Bus( color == red ) )

Accumulate CE

rule "accumulate"when $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) sum( $t ) )then print "sum is + $sum;end

Accumulate CE

Patterns and CE's can be chained with 'from'

rule "collect"when $zipCode : ZipCode() $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) from $hbn.getNamedQuery(Find Buses) .setParameters( [ zipCode : $zipCode ] ) .list(), sum( $t ) )then print "sum is + $sum;end

TimersCalendars

Timers

rule name timer 1m30swhen $l : Light( status == on )then modify( $l ) { status = off };

rule name timer (int: 1m30s 0)when $l : Light( status == on )then modify( $l ) { status = off };

When the light is on, and has beenon for 1m30s then turn it offSame as above. Interval timer with
JDK semantics for initial duration,
then repeat duration.

Timers

rule name timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * )when Alarm( )then sendEmail( Alert Alert Alert!!! )

Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special CharactersSeconds YES 0-59 , - * /Minutes YES 0-59 , - * /Hours YES 0-23 , - * /Day of month YES 1-31 , - * ? / L WMonth YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC , - * /Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT , - * ? / L #Year NO empty, 1970-2099 , - * /

Send alert every quarter of an hour

Calendars

rule "weekdays are high priority" calendars "weekday" timer (int:0 1h)when Alarm()then send( "priority high - we have an alarm );end

rule "weekend are low priority" calendars "weekend" timer (int:0 4h)when Alarm()then send( "priority low - we have an alarm );end

Execute now and after
1 hour durationExecute now and after
4 hour duration

Drools Expert

A Little Deeper

Classes

increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits

select * from Account acc, Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod apwhere acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and cf.type == CREDIT cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date = ap.start and cf.date = ap.start && = ap.start and cf.date = ap.start && = ap.start && = 16 )then insert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end

Couples the logicWhat happens when the Child stops being 16?

TMS and Inference

BadMonolithic

Leaky

Brittle integrity - manual maintenance

TMS and Inference

A rule logically inserts an object

When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted.

when $p : Person( age < 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsChild( $p ) )endwhen $p : Person( age >= 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsAdult( $p ) )end

de-couples the logicMaintains the truth by
automatically retracting

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) IsChild( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age >= 16 ) IsAdult( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end

The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) not( ChildBusPass( person == $p ) )then requestChildBusPass( $p );end

The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference

GoodDe-couple knowledge responsibilities

Encapsulate knowledge

Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation

Integrity robustness truth maintenance

Drools Expert

Authoring Metaphores

Guided Editor

Decision Table

Decision Table

rule "Pricing bracket_10"

when Driver(age >= 18, age 100 ) from accumulate( $s : StockTicker( symbol == RHAT ) over window:time( 5s ), average( $s.price ) )

Over 5 secondsAggregate ticker price for RHAT over last 5 secondsThe pattern 'Number' reasons 'from' the accumulate result

Drools Guvnor

Guvnor

TechnologyJCR (JSR-170) backend

Seam + GWT frontend

WebDav

Eclipse synchronisation plugin

Role based security

AuthoringDecision Tables

Guided Editor

Rule Templates

Sentence Templates (DSLs)

Declared Types

QAScenario Testing

Rule Verification

Business asset storage

Category based browsing

Category based browsing

Guided Editor

Decision Tables

Scenario Testing

Scenario Testing

What's new In 5.1

What's new to 5.1

IntegrationOSGi ready

Spring

Camel

JMX/JOPR integration

ExpertNew Rete Algorithm differential update

Timers and Calendars

Live Open Querries

FlowBPMN2

Differential Update

Differential Update (a.k.a. true modify)Implements a real modify/update operation, instead of retract+assert.Reuses tuples, reduces GC stress, improves performance

What's new to 5.1

GuvnorGuided editorNested Expression builderperson.dogs[0].name

Move constrains up and down

Insert constraints

Support for more DRL elements

RSS Subcription, change notifications, inbox

Working Sets

Object constraint definitions

Rule Templates (based on Guided Editor)

Oryx BPM editor integration

Better rule documentation support

Drools flow in Oryx

Drools flow in Eclipse

Questions?

Questions?

Dave Bowman: All right, HAL; I'll go in through the emergency airlock.

HAL: Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult.

Dave Bowman: HAL, I won't argue with you anymore! Open the doors!

HAL: Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Goodbye.

Joshua: Greetings, Professor Falken.Stephen Falken: Hello, Joshua.Joshua: A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess?

CashFlow

dateamounttypeaccountNo

12-Jan-07100CREDIT1

2-Feb-07200DEBIT1

18-May-0750CREDIT1

9-Mar-0775CREDIT1

???Page ??? (???)15/09/2010, 12:54:11Page / CashFlow

dateamounttype

12-Jan-07100CREDIT

9-Mar-0775CREDIT


dateamounttype

2-Feb-07200DEBIT

???Page ??? (???)15/09/2010, 12:55:59Page /

Click to edit the title text format

Click to edit the outline text formatSecond Outline LevelThird Outline LevelFourth Outline LevelFifth Outline LevelSixth Outline LevelSeventh Outline LevelEighth Outline LevelNinth Outline Level


Click to edit the text format


Click to edit the text format

Click to edit the outline text formatSecond Outline LevelThird Outline LevelFourth Outline LevelFifth Outline LevelSixth Outline LevelSeventh Outline LevelEighth Outline Level

Red Hat Proprietary and Confidential

Account

accountNobalance

10

???Page ??? (???)15/09/2010, 12:55:59Page / AccountingPeriod

startend

01-Jan-0731-Mar-07

???Page ??? (???)15/09/2010, 12:55:59Page / Account

accountNobalance

1-25


dateamounttypeaccountNo

12-Jan-07100CREDIT1

2-Feb-07200DEBIT1

18-May-0750CREDIT1

9-Mar-0775CREDIT1


dateamounttype

12-Jan-07100CREDIT

9-Mar-0775CREDIT


dateamounttype

2-Feb-07200DEBIT


accountNobalance

10

???Page ??? (???)15/09/2010, 12:35:13Page / AccountingPeriod

startend

01-Jan-0731-Mar-07


accountNobalance

1-25

???Page ??? (???)15/09/2010, 12:35:13Page /